AWWA-M9-2008-3rd-Concrete-Pressure-Pipe

Index Terms Links

Highway live loads 48 51t.
critical loading configurations 49 52f.
distributed load area (single dual wheel) 49 53f.
effective supporting length of pipe 52
formulas 51 51t.
impact factors 49 54t.
maximum HS-20 loads 52 50f.
spacing 49 51f.
wheel load surface contact area 49 106
99
Hoop Stress equation 239 241f.
Hydrostatic testing 241 240
239
bulkheads 240
makeup water allowances 259
preparations 239
specifications 241
test pressures 241
thrust restraint 121
time period 122f.
Hydrostatic thrust 121
at various changes in direction (diagrams)
at various changes in direction (equations) 95 97f. 44
33 34f. 35f.
I 47

Increasers 45f. 46f. 47
Induced trench embankment conduits 47

height of plane of equal settlement 42t.
load coefficients for various values of nega- 37 39f.
153 154f.
tive projection ratio
load equations 219
settlement ratio 252
settlements that influence loads
Infinite beam on elastic foundation
Inspection
on delivery
and purchasing

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Index Terms Links

Installation 1f. 221 227
and design procedures 64
guide specifications 251 254
jobsite storage 228
and pipe delivery 228
pipe handling 228
subaqueous pipe 191
underground conduit installations 33 34f. 35f.
See also Backfilling; Induced trench embank-
ment conduits; Jacking; Negative project- 33
ing embankment conduits; Pipe laying;
Positive projecting embankment conduits; 33 34f. 35f. 47 232 233
Trenching; Tunneling 234f. 49t.

Iowa State University, Engineering Experiment 48 236f.
Station 234
233
J 48
233
Jacking 233
234
coefficient of cohesion
excavation at top and sides of heading 19 19t.
line and grade
load equations 48
and pipe joints 53
process 48 50f.
protection of pipe 48 50f. 51f. 52f.
52
K

Kinematic viscosity of water

L

Live loads
from construction
distribution
from highways
from railroads

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Index Terms Links

Loads. See External loads; Live loads; Marston
Theory of Loads on Underground Conduits

M

Manning formula 20
equivalent length formula 21 23t.
20
Manning roughness coefficient
Marston Theory of Loads on Underground Con- 33
130
duits 167 169f.
Marston’s trench and embankment equations 235 237f.
Mechanically restrained joints 30
Mining methods 156 156f.
Modulus of elasticity 18f. 19
Moment–rotation curves 243 243n.
Moody diagram
Mueller Company

N

Negative projecting embankment conduits 33 34f. 35f. 42
load equations 42
settlement ratio 42t. 43
settlements that influence loads 37 38f.
98
Nightcaps

O

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) 222
Outlets 11 117 118f.

P

PDV. See Pressure–diameter value 197n. 174f. 181f.
pH 195 180f.
173
of portland cement 178
Pier-supported pipe 173
179
bending moment 183
cylinder pipe design
design of pipe and support at piers (rigid pipe)
design of pipe and support a iers (semirigid pipe)

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Index Terms Links

Pier-supported pipe (Cont.) 181f. 178f.
load configuration for design o ipe in effec- 173
tive length 177 177
load resistance 177 175f.
location of piers 174 184f.
maximum moment 176
neutral axis 176 181f.
noncylinder pipe design (cracke ection) 174 181f.
noncylinder pipe design (uncracked section) 183 180f.
pipe element ffective in resisting bending 173
protection of exposed pipelines 179
and rubber-gasketed joints 179
shear forces in pipe 179
support configuration
support types 21
21
Pipe diameter 21
determining most economical 21
and first cost vs. pumping cost
formula 24
optimum flow velocities 24
and power required to overcome total head 23
loss 228
and pumping costs 255
and total head loss 228
229
Pipe handling 228
specifications 230 231f.
230
Pipe laying 228
checking joints 256
equipment 228 229f.
grouting exterior joint space 229
interior joint protection 225 225f.
jointing 255 256f. 257f.
jointing specifications 193 193f.
lubricants
pulling pipe home
shields
specifications
subaqueous pipe

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Index Terms Links

Pipe wall stiffness (EI) 103 37
Poisson’s ratio 140
Positive projecting embankment conduits
33 34f. 35f.
critical plane 39
design values of settlement ratio 41 42t.
exterior prisms 37
frictional forces 39
interior prism 37
load coefficient 41 43f.
load formulas 40
plane of equal settlement 40
settlements that influence loads 37 38f.
Pressure–diameter value (PDV) 107
Prestressed concrete cylinder pipe 3 4t. 5f.
design basis 4
joint gaskets and rings 5 7f.
prestressing 6f.
size range 4
standard 1
steel cylinder 3 6f.
types of construction 3
Protective coating specifications 258
Purchasing 251 252
and fittings 253
and inspection 252
and pipe from inventory 252
and pipe marking 252
and pipe structural design 252
and rate of delivery 254
and specials 253
submittals by contractor 253

R 66
52
Radial tension 53
Railroad live loads 53 56f.

Cooper E72 design load
Cooper E80 design load

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Index Terms Links

Railroad live loads (Cont.) 53 55t.
Cooper E80 design loads in pounds per linear 53
foot 53
Cooper E90 design load 34
equation 95 96f. 97f.
4t. 7 8f.
Rankine’s theory
Reducers 7
Reinforced concrete cylinder pipe 8 8f.
7
design basis 7
joint rings and gaskets 1
manufacture 4t. 8 9f.
size range 8
standard 9 9f.
Reinforced concrete noncylinder pipe 9 9f.
design basis 10
joints with concrete joint rings 8
joints with steel joint rings 2
manufacture 19
size range 19
standard
Relative roughness 16t.
Reynolds number 13
Roughness coefficient 20
comparison of theoretical Hazen–Williams Ch
66
values to tested values 117
Hazen–Williams
Manning 137 137
136t. 102
S
87
Shear capacity
Short pipes
Soil

stability, and thrust resistance
stiffness
types
Spangler’s Iowa deflectio equation

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Index Terms Links

Specials 12 95 117
beveled pipes 117
outlets 117 118f.
and purchasing 253
short pipes 117

Standards 1
Subaqueous pipe 187 188f.
193
backfilling 188
buoyancy 189
buoyancy analysis 187
evaluation of forces on 191
installation 190 191f.
joint engagement 191
joint protection 191 192f.
joints 193 193f.
pipe laying 190 192f.
preassembled lengths 194
testing 191
trenching 254
Subgrade specifications 27
Surge pressure 30
causes of 31
controlling
critical time period 27 28f.
equations and variables 27
idealized cycle 28f.
maximum 29
and negative pressures 30
and pipeline filling 31
pressure rise 29
and pressure-relief valves 31
and pump power failure 30 31
and pump startup and shutdown 30 31
and valve operations 30 31
wave speed 29 31t.

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Index Terms Links

T

Taps and tapping 243

avoiding weld-on assemblies 243

completion of 245 246f.

drills 243

noncylinder pipe 248

pressure taps for flanged outlets 245 247f. 248f.

saddles 243 244f. 245f.

securing gland to cylinder 244 244f. 245f.

site requirements 248 249f.

T.D. Williamson Inc. 243 243n.

Tees 95 96f. 98f.

crotch plate design 108 110f. 111f. 112f. 113f. 115f.

117f.

cylinder thickness or reinforcement 107

and pressure–diameter value (PDV) 107

wrapper and collar design 107 109f.

Thrust analysis 126

and locking of pipe at small deflections 126 128f.

and small horizontal deflections with joints

free to rotate 127 129f.

and small vertical deflections with joints free

to rotate 130 131f.

Thrust blocks 123 124

for horizontal bends (elbows) 124 125f.

proper design and construction 125 127f.

size calculation 124

typical configurations 125 125f. 126f.

for vertical bends with large deflections 124 126f.

Thrust collars 167 170f.

Thrust forces 121

free body diagram of forces acting on a bend 132 133f.

hydrodynamic thrust 121

hydrostatic thrust 121 122f.

Thrust resistance 123

combination system 167 170f.

and high water table 123

and hydrostatic testing 241

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Thrust resistance (Cont.) 123 137
and soil stability 136t.
and soil types
specifications 258
See also Tied joints
123 132 150f. 161f. 162f. 163f.
Tied joints 141 143t.
bulkhead (design example) 134 155f.
and displacement compatibility 135 146 169f.
effective axial slack 143t. 133f.
45° bend, welded joints (design example) 132
free body diagram of forces acting on a bend 133 155f.
and frictional resistance of buried pipe 132 169f.
for horizontal bends and bulkheads 155 144t.
mechanically harnessed joint with joint rotation 167 135n.
mechanically restrained 141 139f.
miscellaneous design examples 135
moment of inertia reduction factor 138 154f.
and pipe wall design 140 167f.
and Poisson’s ratio 141
restrained joint strength 135 137
restrained length of pipe 151 168f.
75° bend, harnessed joints (design example) 166f.
134 168f.
and shallow cover 136t.
and soil types 140 218f.
and temperature 165
types 170
uses not related to thrust from internal pressure 140
for vertical bends 165
welded 197
Total acidity 20
Total head loss 215
Transportation of pipe 218
by barge 218
blocking and bracing 218
delivery locations 219
inspection 218
loading procedures

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Transportation of pipe (Cont.) 219 219f.
“pipemobiles” for handling and assembling of 215 217f.
pipe 217 217f.
by rail 215 216f.
by railroad piggyback 219 219f.
by truck 57
unloading 33 34f. 35f. 221
223
Trench width 226 227f.
Trenching 36
37
and backhoes 224 225f.
bedding 226 227f.
calculated loads 224
in caving soils 223
and clamshells 223
dewatering 34
and draglines 224
excavating machines and methods 226 227f.
excavation 225 225f.
fill load 36
and front-end loaders 34
granular foundation 224
laying shields (trench shields) 223
load coefficient 222
load formula 221
machines 224 225f.
open trenches 223
and OSHA 222
planning 223
sheeting and bracing
site preparation 33 34f. 35f. 47 232
surveys 48 49t.
trench dimensions 233
See also Induced trench embankment con- 48

duits
Tunneling

coefficient of cohesion
liners
load equations

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Index Terms Links

Tunneling (Cont.) 235 237f.
mining methods 258
specifications
218
U
96f. 97
Underground conduit installations. See Installation
US Department of Transportation 165 168f.
95 96f.
W 108 110f. 111f. 112f. 113f.
107
Wall pieces
Water hammer. See Surge pressure 108 110f.
Welded joints 109 112f.
Wyes 108 111f.
114 115f.
crotch plate design (two-plate) 107
cylinder thickness or reinforcement 109 112f.
hydrostatic load distribution (equal-diameter 116 117f.
113 113f.
with two-plate reinforcement) 115f.
N-factor curves 107 116
nomograph l09f.
one-plate reinforcement design
and pressure-diamete alue (PDV)
Q–factor curves
three-plate reinforcement design
top depth
two-plate reinforcement design
wrapper and collar design

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