Draf Laporan PLB

KATA PENGANTAR

iii

Laporan Survei Penilaian Liputan Banci 2020 membentangkan statistik mengenai kadar
kurang penghitungan tempat kediaman, isi rumah dan individu pada Banci 2020. Statistik
ralat kandungan bagi ciri-ciri demografi terpilih seperti jantina, kumpulan etnik dan
kumpulan umur juga dimuatkan dalam laporan ini. Kaedah penganggaran kadar kurang
penghitungan yang digunakan dalam laporan ini adalah berdasarkan konsep dan garis
panduan daripada Evaluating Census of Population and Housing,1985 yang diterbitkan
oleh U.S Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census dan Post Enumeration
Surveys Operational Guidelines, 2010 yang diterbitkan oleh United Nations Statistics
Division.

Statistik daripada survei ini merupakan maklumat penting yang digunakan sebagai asas
untuk membuat penyesuaian bilangan penduduk di peringkat Malaysia, negeri dan strata
serta ciri-ciri demografi terpilih yang diperoleh semasa Banci 2020.

Laporan ini merangkumi tiga bahagian utama. Bahagian pertama memaparkan ringkasan
penemuan daripada survei ini. Jadual statistik terperinci dipaparkan di bahagian kedua
manakala bahagian ketiga mengandungi nota teknikal untuk menerangkan konsep,
definisi dan metodologi survei bagi membantu pengguna memahami statistik yang
diterbitkan.

Jabatan merakamkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan atas kerjasama yang diberikan oleh
responden dan semua pihak yang telah menyumbang dalam menjayakan survei ini.
Setiap maklum balas dan cadangan untuk penambaikan laporan ini pada masa akan
datang amat dihargai.

DATO’ SRI DR. MOHD UZIR MAHIDIN PREFACE
Ketua Perangkawan Malaysia

2021

iii

PREFACE

The Post Enumeration Survey 2020 Report presents statistics related to under
enumeration rate of living quarters, households and population in the Census 2020.
Content error statistics for selected demographic characteristics such as gender, ethnic
group and age group are included in this report.The methodology used for estimation of
under enumeration rate in this report are based on concepts and guidelines from
Evaluating Census of Population and Housing,1985 published by U.S Department of
Commerce, Bureau of the Census and Post Enumeration Surveys Operational
Guidelines, 2010 published by United Nations Statistics Division.

Statistics from this report are pertinent information used as a basis for reconciliation the
census population count in Malaysia, state and strata levels as well as selected
demographic characteristics during Census 2020.

This report consists of three main parts. The first part presents summary of findings
from this survey.Table of statistics are provided in the second part while the third part
consists of technical notes which explain the concepts, definitions and survey
methodology to assist users to understand the statistics published.

The Department gratefully acknowledges the cooperation given by respondents as well
as all parties who have contributed in making this survey a success.Every feedback and
suggestion towards improving the future report are highly appreciated.

DATO’ SRI DR. MOHD UZIR MAHIDIN PREFACE
Chief Statistician, Malaysia

2021

iv

KANDUNGAN / CONTENTS

KATA PENGANTAR Muka surat
Preface Page
iii
STATISTIK UTAMA DAN RINGKASAN PENEMUAN 1
Principal Statistics and Summary of Findings
49
JADUAL
Tables 50

A1 Taburan penduduk banci, kurang penghitungan dan penduduk 51
banci disesuaikan mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 2020
Distribution of census population, under enumeration and adjusted 56
census population by ethnic group, Malaysia, 2020
57
A2 Taburan peratus penduduk banci dan penduduk banci
disesuaikan mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 2020 86
Percentage distribution of census population and adjusted census
population by ethnic group, Malaysia, 2020 95

A3 Taburan penduduk banci, kurang penghitungan dan penduduk
banci disesuaikan mengikut negeri dan jantina, Malaysia, 2020
Distribution of census population, under enumeration and adjusted
census population by state and sex, Malaysia, 2020

A4 Taburan penduduk banci, kurang penghitungan dan penduduk
banci disesuaikan mengikut kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 2020
Distribution of census population, under enumeration and adjusted
census population by age group, Malaysia, 2020

A5 Taburan penduduk banci, kurang penghitungan dan penduduk
banci disesuaikan mengikut strata dan negeri, Malaysia, 2020
Distribution of census population, under enumeration and adjusted
census population by strata and state, Malaysia, 2020

A6 Taburan penduduk banci, kurang penghitungan dan penduduk
banci disesuaikan mengikut jantina, kumpulan umur dan
kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 2020
Distribution of census population, under enumeration and adjusted
census population by sex, age group and ethnic group, Malaysia, 2020

A7 Nisbah jantina (setiap 100 perempuan) bagi penduduk banci dan
penduduk banci disesuaikan mengikut kumpulan umur dan
kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 2020
Sex ratio (per 100 females) for census and adjusted census population
by age group and ethnic group, Malaysia, 2020

v

A8 Taburan bilangan tempat kediaman banci, kurang penghitungan 97
dan bilangan tempat kediaman banci disesuaikan, mengikut 126
negeri dan strata Malaysia, 2020 155
Distribution of number of census living quarters, under enumeration 156
and adjusted number of census living quarters by state and strata, 157
Malaysia, 2020 158

A9 Taburan bilangan isi rumah banci, kurang penghitungan dan
bilangan isi rumah banci disesuaikan, mengikut negeri dan strata
Malaysia, 2020
Distribution of number of census households, under enumeration and
adjusted number of census households by state and strata, Malaysia,
2020

B1 Perbezaan yang dilaporkan antara banci dan PLB mengikut
jantina, Malaysia, 2020
Differences in reporting between census and PES by sex, Malaysia,
2020

B2 Perbezaan yang dilaporkan antara banci dan PLB mengikut
kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 2020
Differences in reporting between census and PES by age group,
Malaysia, 2020

B3 Perbezaan yang dilaporkan antara banci dan PLB mengikut
kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 2020
Differences in reporting between census and PES by ethnic group,
Malaysia, 2020

NOTA TEKNIKAL
Technical Notes

vi

STATISTIK UTAMA
DAN RINGKASAN
PENEMUAN

PRINCIPAL STATISTICS AND
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary of Findings

1. PENGENALAN

BANCI Penduduk dan Perumahan Malaysia 2020 dilaksanakan dalam dua fasa
bermula dengan fasa pertama pada 7 Julai hingga 30 September 2020 secara atas
talian (e-Census) manakala fasa kedua dijalankan pada 7 Oktober hingga 24 Oktober
2020 secara temu ramah bersemuka. Ini berikutan situasi semasa negara yang
berdepan penularan wabak Covid-19. Keputusan ini dibuat selepas pengumuman
Perdana Menteri Malaysia bahawa perintah kawalan pergerakan pemulihan (PKPP)
dilanjutkan sehingga 31 Ogos 2020 dan seterusnya dilanjutkan ke 31 Disember 2020
dalam usaha mencegah penularan wabak Covid-19.

Penilaian Liputan Banci (PLB) 2020 merupakan suatu survei di mana semua isi rumah
dalam blok penghitungan (BP) terpilih akan dihitung kembali. PLB dijalankan satu bulan
selepas Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan Malaysia. Ia dijalankan secara bebas
daripada banci. Tujuan PLB adalah untuk menilai data hasil daripada banci dan
memberi indikator kualiti banci. Umum mengetahui, dalam projek pengumpulan data
yang besar dan kompleks seperti Banci 2020, kejadian ralat tidak dapat dielakkan
sepenuhnya. Oleh itu, bagi menilai liputan dan ketepatan data banci, PLB 2020 telah
dilaksanakan pada 2 November 2020 hingga 22 Januari 2020.

PLB 2020 (dahulunya dikenali sebagai Penyiasatan Selepas Banci (PSB)) adalah
merupakan PLB yang keenam telah dijalankan di Malaysia. PSB yang pertama, kedua,
ketiga dan keempat telah dijalankan ke atas Banci 1970, 1980, 1991, dan 2000. Walau
bagaimanapun, bagi Banci 1970, PSB hanya meliputi Semenanjung Malaysia sahaja.
Pada tahun 2010, Penyiasatan Penilaian Liputan Banci (PPLB) telah dijalankan ke atas
Banci 2010.

PLB adalah satu survei yang berdasarkan kepada sampel blok penghitungan (BP)
terpilih di mana semua tempat kediaman persendirian, isi rumah dan individu dalam BP
tersebut yang dihitung semasa Banci akan dihitung semula semasa PLB. Kakitangan

Penilaian Liputan Banci 2020 1
Post Enumeration Survey 2020

Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary of Findings

yang dilantik diberikan latihan bagi menjalankan kerja-kerja pengumpulan data PLB
dan mereka tidak terlibat dengan operasi Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan 2020.
Perbezaan keputusan di antara PLB dan Banci akan digunakan sebagai asas untuk
penyesuaian kepada bilangan penduduk, isi rumah dan tempat kediaman yang
diperoleh daripada Banci pada peringkat Malaysia, negeri, daerah pentadbiran dan
strata serta ciri-ciri demografi terpilih. Analisis kurang liputan dan kandungan serta
pengalaman yang diperoleh dari PLB dapat menjadi panduan untuk penambahbaikan
dalam perancangan dan pelaksanaan banci pada masa hadapan.

2. LATAR BELAKANG SURVEI
BBELAKANG SURVEI

Survei Penilaian Liputan Banci 2020 merupakan survei kali keenam setelah kali
pertama dijalankan pada tahun 1970. Survei ini dilaksanakan pada 2 November 2020
hingga 22 Januari 2020 yang merangkumi 2 fasa. Fasa 1 ialah operasi penyenaraian
dan penghitungan tempat kediaman, isi rumah, ahli isi rumah dan kandungan manakala
fasa 2 ialah operasi penyesuaian di luar pejabat tentang liputan tempat kediaman, isi
rumah, ahli isi rumah dan kandungan.

Survei ini dilaksanakan secara saintifik dengan kaedah persampelan rawak berstrata
satu peringkat dengan unit persampelan terdiri daripada blok penghitungan. Semua
tempat kediaman di dalam BP yang terpilih diliputi sepenuhnya. Liputan sampel PLB
2020 dari segi perwakilannya sehingga peringkat daerah pentadbiran dan strata
berbanding negeri dan strata dalam PPLB 2010.

Penilaian Liputan Banci 2020 2
Post Enumeration Survey 2020

Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary of Findings

3. PENEMUAN SURVEI

Penemuan utama survei ini memuatkan penerangan berkaitan analisis ralat kurang
penghitungan penduduk, tempat kediaman dan isi rumah. Selain itu, analisis ralat
kandungan bagi ciri-ciri demografi terpilih seperti jantina, kumpulan etnik dan kumpulan
umur turut dimuatkan. Statistik yang diperoleh daripada survei ini digunakan untuk
membuat asas penyesuaian kiraan Banci 2020.

3.1 KURANG PENGHITUNGAN PENDUDUK
3.1.1 Kadar Kurang Penghitungan Penduduk
Seramai x orang telah dihitung dalam Banci 2020. Walau bagaimanapun, setelah
pelaksanaan survei Penilaian Liputan Banci (PLB) didapati seramai x orang (y%) telah
terkurang hitung oleh Banci. Dengan mengambil kira kadar kurang liputan ini, jumlah
penduduk Malaysia 2020 adalah x orang.

Paparan 1: Kurang penghitungan penduduk banci, Malaysia, 2020

3.1.2 Kadar Kurang Penghitungan Penduduk Mengikut Negeri

Kadar kurang penghitungan penduduk Banci 2020 berbeza di antara negeri iaitu antara
x.xx hingga x.xx peratus. Negeri X mencatatkan kadar kurang penghitungan penduduk
tertinggi iaitu x peratus diikuti Negeri Y (x.xx%) dan Negeri Z (x.xx%) manakala Negeri z
mencatatkan kadar kurang penghitungan penduduk terendah iaitu x peratus. (Jadual 1)

Penilaian Liputan Banci 2020 3
Post Enumeration Survey 2020

Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary of Findings

Jadual 1: Kadar kurang penghitungan penduduk banci mengikut negeri, Malaysia,
2020

Penilaian Liputan Banci 2020 4
Post Enumeration Survey 2020

Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary of Findings

Jadual 1: Kadar kurang penghitungan penduduk banci mengikut negeri, Malaysia,
2020

Negeri Penduduk Kurang Penghitungan Penduduk
Banci Penduduk Kadar (%) Banci
Johor
Kedah Disesuaikan
Kelantan
Melaka
Negeri Sembilan
Pahang
Perak
Perlis
Pulau Pinang
Sabah
Sarawak
Selangor
Terengganu
W.P. Kuala Lumpur
W.P. Labuan
W.P. Putrajaya

MALAYSIA

Penilaian Liputan Banci 2020 5
Post Enumeration Survey 2020

Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary of Findings

3.1.3 Anggaran Kadar Kurang Penghitungan Penduduk Pada Selang Keyakinan
95% Mengikut Negeri

PLB adalah berasaskan kepada penyiasatan sampel, maka ia tertakluk kepada ralat
pensampelan. Dengan anggaran ralat piawai sebanyak x.xx, kadar kurang
penghitungan penduduk adalah di antara x.xx dan x.xx peratus pada selang keyakinan
xx peratus.

Ini bermakna pada selang keyakinan 95 peratus, bilangan penduduk kurang
penghitungan dalam Banci 2020 adalah di antara xxx,xxx hingga xxx,xxx orang.

Jadual 2: Anggaran kadar kurang penghitungan penduduk pada selang keyakinan
95% mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2020

Negeri Kadar Kurang Ralat 95% Selang Ralat
Penghitungan Piawai Keyakinan Piawai
Had Had Relatif
(%) Bawah Atas
(%)

Johor

Kedah

Kelantan

Melaka

Negeri Sembilan

Pahang

Perak

Perlis

Pulau Pinang

Sabah

Sarawak

Selangor

Terengganu

W.P. Kuala Lumpur

W.P. Labuan

W.P. Putrajaya

MALAYSIA

Penilaian Liputan Banci 2020 6
Post Enumeration Survey 2020

Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary of Findings

3.1.4 Kadar Kurang Penghitungan Penduduk Malaysia, 1970, 1980, 1991, 2000 dan
2010

Di peringkat Malaysia, kadar kurang penghitungan penduduk Banci 2020 mencatatkan
angka terendah berbanding Banci 1970, 1980, 1991, 2000 dan 2010 iaitu x.x peratus.

Paparan 2: Kadar kurang penghitungan penduduk Malaysia, 1970, 1980, 1991,
2000, 2010 dan 2020

3.1.5 Kadar Kurang Penghitungan Penduduk Mengikut Strata

Banci 2020 mencatatkan kadar kurang penghitungan penduduk di bandar lebih tinggi
berbanding luar bandar. Trend yang sama dapat dilihat bagi Banci 1970, 1991, 2000
dan 2010. Namun, bagi banci tahun 1980 tiada analisis kadar kurang penghitungan
dibuat mengikut pecahan bandar dan luar bandar

Paparan 3: Kadar kurang penghitungan penduduk mengikut strata, Malaysia,
1970, 1991, 2000, 2010 dan 2020

Penilaian Liputan Banci 2020 7
Post Enumeration Survey 2020

Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary of Findings

3.1.6 Kadar Kurang Penghitungan Penduduk Mengikut Kumpulan Etnik
Berdasarkan kumpulan etnik, A mencatatkan kadar kurang penghitungan tertinggi iaitu
B peratus diikuti C (D%) dan E (F%).
Paparan 4: Kadar kurang penghitungan penduduk mengikut kumpulan etnik,
Malaysia, 2020

Penilaian Liputan Banci 2020 8
Post Enumeration Survey 2020

Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary of Findings

3.1.7 Kadar Kurang Penghitungan Penduduk Mengikut Jantina

Bagi kadar kurang penghitungan mengikut jantina, A merekodkan B peratus dan C D
peratus di peringkat Malaysia. Ini menunjukkan bahawa kadar kurang penghitungan di
kalangan perempuan melebihi lelaki. Corak ini berbeza dengan banci-banci sebelum ini.

Paparan 5: Kadar kurang penghitungan penduduk mengikut jantina, Malaysia,
2020

3.1.8 Kadar Kurang Penghitungan Penduduk Mengikut Jantina Dan Negeri

Kadar kurang penghitungan di kalangan x lebih tinggi berbanding v di kebanyakan
negeri kecuali negeri X, y dan Z.

Carta 1: Kadar kurang penghitungan penduduk mengikut jantina dan negeri,
Malaysia, 2020

Lelaki Perempuan

6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
4.30
2.40
2.50

4.40
3.50
1.80

4.50
2.80
2.50

4.30
5.50

2.50
4.30

3.50
2.50

4.50
3.50
2.50

4.50
5.50

2.50
2.40

5.50
4.40
2.40
1.80

5.10
2.80

3.20
4.30

2.80
2.50

Penilaian Liputan Banci 2020 9
Post Enumeration Survey 2020

Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary of Findings

3.1.9 Kadar Kurang Penghitungan Penduduk Mengikut Kumpulan Umur

Dari segi kumpulan umur, terdapat X kumpulan umur yang menunjukkan kadar kurang
penghitungan yang tinggi, iaitu X, Y dan Z.

Carta 2: Kadar kurang penghitungan penduduk mengikut kumpulan umur,
Malaysia, 2020

85+ 2.84
80 - 84 2.98
75 - 79
70 - 74 2.44
65 - 69 2.87
60 - 64 3.45
55 - 59 3.48
50 - 54 3.15
45 - 49
40 - 44 2.47
35 - 39 2.91
30 - 34
25 - 29 2.84
20 - 24 3.01
15 - 19
10 - 14 2.66
3.45
5-9
0-4 2.85
3.54
3.5

2.5
3.04

Penilaian Liputan Banci 2020 10
Post Enumeration Survey 2020

Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary of Findings

3.1.10 Kadar Kurang Penghitungan Penduduk Mengikut Kumpulan Umur Dan
Jantina

Kadar kurang penghitungan yang tinggi dalam kumpulan umur x – y dan a – b ini juga
boleh dilihat mengikut jantina dan tiga kumpulan etnik utama iaitu Melayu, Cina dan
India.

Carta 3: Kadar kurang penghitungan penduduk mengikut kumpulan umur dan
jantina, Malaysia, 2020

5.00
4.50
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00

Lelaki Perempuan

3.1.11 Kadar Kurang Penghitungan Penduduk Mengikut Kumpulan Umur Dan
Kumpulan Etnik

Carta 4: Kadar kurang penghitungan penduduk mengikut kumpulan umur dan
jantina, Malaysia, 2020

6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00

Melayu Bumiputera Lain Cina India Lain-lain

Penilaian Liputan Banci 2020 11
Post Enumeration Survey 2020

Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary of Findings

3.2 KURANG PENGHITUNGAN TEMPAT KEDIAMAN

3.2.1 Kadar Kurang Penghitungan Tempat Kediaman

Semasa Banci 2020, X buah atau Y peratus tempat kediaman di Malaysia telah
tertinggal. Dengan mengambil kira kadar kurang liputan ini, jumlah tempat kediaman di
Malaysia adalah Z buah.

Paparan 6: Kurang penghitungan tempat kediaman banci, Malaysia, 2020

Penilaian Liputan Banci 2020 12
Post Enumeration Survey 2020

Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary of Findings

3.2.2 Kadar Kurang Penghitungan Tempat Kediaman Mengikut Negeri

Pada peringkat negeri, X mencatatkan kadar kurang penghitungan tertinggi iaitu X
peratus diikuti oleh Y (%) dan Z (%).

Jadual 3: Kadar kurang penghitungan tempat kediaman banci mengikut negeri,
Malaysia, 2020

Tempat Kurang penghitungan Tempat
kediaman kediaman banci
Negeri Tempat Kadar (%)
banci kediaman disesuaikan
Johor
Kedah
Kelantan
Melaka
Negeri Sembilan
Pahang
Perak
Perlis
Pulau Pinang
Sabah
Sarawak
Selangor
Terengganu
W.P. Kuala Lumpur
W.P. Labuan
W.P. Putrajaya
MALAYSIA

Penilaian Liputan Banci 2020 13
Post Enumeration Survey 2020

Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary of Findings

3.2.3 Anggaran Kadar Kurang Penghitungan Tempat Kediaman Pada Selang
Keyakinan 95% Bagi Penduduk Mengikut Strata

Dengan anggaran ralat piawai 0.00, kadar kurang penghitungan tempat kediaman
adalah di antara 0.00 dan 0.00 peratus pada selang keyakinan 95 peratus.

Kadar kurang penghitungan tempat kediaman di bandar adalah lebih tinggi berbanding
luar bandar.

Jadual 4: Anggaran kadar kurang penghitungan tempat kediaman pada selang

keyakinan 95% mengikut strata, Malaysia, 2020

Strata Kadar kurang Ralat Piawai 95% selang keyakinan
penghitungan Had Bawah Had Atas

(%)

Bandar

Luar bandar

MALAYSIA

3.2.4 Perbandingan Kadar Kurang Penghitungan Tempat Kediaman, Malaysia

Secara keseluruhannya, kadar kurang penghitungan tempat kediaman Banci 2020
adalah lebih baik berbanding Banci 1991 dan 2000.

Paparan 7: Kadar kurang penghitungan tempat kediaman, Malaysia, 1991, 2000,
2010 dan 2020

Penilaian Liputan Banci 2020 14
Post Enumeration Survey 2020

Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary of Findings

3.3 KURANG PENGHITUNGAN ISI RUMAH
3.3.1 Kadar Kurang Penghitungan Isi Rumah
Kadar kurang penghitungan isi rumah di peringkat Malaysia adalah X peratus atau
YYY,YYY telah tertinggal semasa Banci 2020.
Paparan 8: Kurang penghitungan tempat kediaman banci, Malaysia, 2020

Penilaian Liputan Banci 2020 15
Post Enumeration Survey 2020

Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary of Findings

3.3.2 Kadar Kurang Penghitungan Isi Rumah Mengikut Negeri

Pada peringkat negeri, Negeri X mencatatkan kadar kurang penghitungan isi rumah
tertinggi iaitu X peratus diikuti oleh Negeri Y ( %) dan Negeri Z (%).

Jadual 5: Kurang penghitungan isi rumah Banci 2020 mengikut negeri, Malaysia,
2020

Negeri Isi rumah Kurang penghitungan Isi rumah banci
banci Isi rumah Kadar (%) disesuaikan

Johor
Kedah
Kelantan
Melaka
Negeri Sembilan
Pahang
Perak
Perlis
Pulau Pinang
Sabah
Sarawak
Selangor
Terengganu
W.P. Kuala Lumpur
W.P. Labuan
W.P. Putrajaya

MALAYSIA

3.3.3 Anggaran Kadar Kurang Penghitungan Isi Rumah Pada Selang Keyakinan
95% Bagi Penduduk Mengikut Strata

Dengan anggaran ralat piawai X, kadar kurang penghitungan isi rumah adalah di antara
Y dan Z peratus pada selang keyakinan 95 peratus.

Berdasarkan banci-banci sebelum ini, didapati kadar kurang penghitungan isi rumah di
bandar adalah lebih tinggi berbanding luar bandar. Keadaan yang sama juga berlaku
semasa Banci 2020.

Penilaian Liputan Banci 2020 16
Post Enumeration Survey 2020

Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary of Findings

Jadual 6: Anggaran kadar kurang penghitungan isi rumah pada selang keyakinan
95% bagi penduduk mengikut strata, Malaysia, 2020

Strata Kadar kurang Ralat Piawai 95% selang keyakinan
penghitungan Had Bawah Had Atas

(%)

Bandar

Luar bandar

MALAYSIA

3.3.4 Perbandingan Kadar Kurang Penghitungan Isi Rumah, Malaysia

Secara keseluruhannya, kadar kurang penghitungan isi rumah Banci 2020 adalah lebih
baik berbanding Banci 1991 dan 2000. (Carta 1.12)

Carta 5: Perbandingan kadar kurang penghitungan isi rumah, Malaysia, 1991,
2000, 2010 dan 2020

Penilaian Liputan Banci 2020 17
Post Enumeration Survey 2020

Ringkasan Penemuan
Summary of Findings

3.4 RALAT KANDUNGAN CIRI-CIRI DEMOGRAFI TERPILIH

3.4.1 Jantina

3.4.1.1 Darjah Kepadanan Dan Indeks Tidak Konsisten Mengikut Jantina

Peratus Darjah Kepadanan antara liputan banci dan PLB bagi ciri jantina adalah tinggi
iaitu melebihi 99 peratus. Keputusan ini adalah selaras dengan nilai Indeks Tidak
Konsisten yang amat rendah iaitu kurang daripada dua peratus.

Jadual 7: Darjah Kepadanan dan Indeks Tidak Konsisten mengikut jantina,
Malaysia, 2020

Jantina Darjah Kepadanan (%) Indeks Tidak Konsisten (%)

Lelaki
Perempuan
JUMLAH

Carta 6: Perbandingan Darjah Kepadanan mengikut jantina, Malaysia, 1980, 1991,
2000, 2010 dan 2020

100

99.5

99

98.5

98 1991* 2000 2010 2020
1980* Perempuan

Lelaki

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Summary of Findings

Carta 7: Perbandingan Indeks Tidak Konsisten mengikut jantina, Malaysia, 1980,
1991, 2000, 2010 dan 2020

3.00

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00 1991* 2000 2010 2020
1980* Perempuan

Lelaki

3.4.2 Kumpulan Etnik
3.4.2.1 Darjah Kepadanan Dan Indeks Tidak Konsisten Mengikut Kumpulan Etnik

Jadual 8: Darjah Kepadanan dan Indeks Tidak Konsisten mengikut kumpulan
etnik, Malaysia, 2020

Kumpulan etnik Darjah Kepadanan (%) Indeks Tidak Konsisten (%)

Bumiputera
Cina
India
Lain-lain

JUMLAH

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Carta 8: Perbandingan Darjah Kepadanan mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia,
1980, 1991, 2000, 2010 dan 2020

100

95

90

85

80

75 1991* 2000 2010 2020
1980* Bumiputera Cina India Lain-lain

Carta 32: Perbandingan Indeks Tidak Konsisten mengikut kumpulan etnik,
Malaysia, 1980, 1991, 2000, 2010 dan 2020

20

15

10

5

0 1991* 2000 2010 2020
1980* Bumiputera Cina Lain-lain

India

3.4.3 Kumpulan Umur

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3.4.3.1 Darjah Kepadanan Dan Indeks Tidak Konsisten Mengikut Kumpulan Umur

Jadual 9: Darjah Kepadanan dan Indeks Tidak Konsisten mengikut kumpulan
umur, Malaysia, 2020

Kumpulan umur Darjah Kepadanan (%) Indeks Tidak Konsisten (%)

0-4
5-9
10 - 14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 - 44
45 - 49
50 - 54
55 - 59
60 - 64
65 - 69
70 - 74
75 - 79
80+

JUMLAH

Carta 33: Perbandingan Darjah Kepadanan mengikut kumpulan umur, Malaysia,

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1980, 1991, 2000, 2010 dan 2020

100.00

95.00

90.00

85.00

80.00

75.00

70.00
0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+

1980* 1991* 2000 2010 2020

Carta 34: Perbandingan Indeks Tidak Konsisten mengikut kumpulan umur,
Malaysia, 1980, 1991, 2000, 2010 dan 2020

35.00

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00
0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+

1980* 1991* 2000 2010 2020

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3.4 KESIMPULAN
3.4.1 Perbandingan Ralat Liputan

Maklumat lanjut berkenaan penduduk Banci 2020 yang disesuaikan mengikut
kumpulan etnik, jantina, kumpulan umur, strata dan negeri adalah seperti di Jadual A1
hingga A8.

Jadual 10: Perbandingan kadar kurang penghitungan antara tempat kediaman, isi
rumah dan penduduk mengikut strata, Malaysia, 2020

Kadar Kurang Penghitungan (%)

Strata

Tempat kediaman Isi rumah Penduduk

Bandar
Luar bandar

MALAYSIA

3.4.2 Perbandingan Ralat Kandungan

Jadual 11: Perbandingan Darjah Kepadanan dan Indeks Tidak Konsisten untuk

ciri-ciri tertentu, Malaysia, 2020

Ciri-ciri demografi Darjah Kepadanan (%) Indeks Tidak Konsisten (%)

Jantina
Kumpulan etnik
Kumpulan umur

Ini menunjukkan semakin terperinci maklumat yang hendak dipadan semakin rendah
peratus Darjah Kepadanannya.

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Jadual 12: Perbandingan Darjah Kepadanan untuk ciri-ciri tertentu, Malaysia,
1980, 1991, 2000, 2010 dan 2020

Ciri-ciri demografi Darjah Kepadanan

1980* 1991* 2000 2010 2020

Jantina
Kumpulan etnik
Kumpulan umur

3.4.3 Kekangan PLB

Walaupun PLB merupakan satu kaedah yang baik untuk membuat penilaian liputan
Banci, namun ia mempunyai beberapa batasan yang perlu diambil perhatian seperti
berikut:

i. x

ii. y

iii. z

3.4.4 Panduan Untuk Banci Akan Datang

Sebagai rumusan akhir, salah satu objektif penting penyiasatan ini adalah pengalaman
yang diperoleh daripada PLB boleh digunakan sebagai panduan dalam perancangan
dan pelaksanaan banci akan datang. Antara pengalaman yang boleh dijadikan
panduan adalah seperti berikut:

i.
ii.

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1. INTRODUCTION

The 2020 Population and Housing Census of Malaysia is implemented in two phases
starting with the first phase on 7 July to 30 September 2020 through online (e-Census)
while the second phase is conducted on 7 October to 24 October 2020 by face-to-face
interviews. This is due to the current situation of the COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia.
This decision was made after the announcement by the Prime Minister of Malaysia that
the recovery movement control order (RMCO) was extended until 31 August 2020 and
further extended to 31 December 2020 in an effort to prevent the spread of Covid-19.

Post Enumeration Survey (PES) 2020 is a survey in which all households in the
enumeration blocks (EB) will be recalculated. PLB is conducted one month after the
Population and Housing Census Malaysia. It is conducted independently from the
census. The purpose of PLB is to evaluate the data resulting from the census and
provide census quality indicators. It is a common knowledge that in a large and
complex data collection projects such as Census 2020, errors inevitably will occur.
Therefore, in order to evaluate the coverage and accuracy of the census data, the PES
was carried out from 2nd November 2020 until 22th January 2020.

PES 2020 (previously known as Post Census Survey (PCS)) was the sixth of its kind in
Malaysia. The first, second, third and fourth PES were carried out for the Census 1970,
1980, 1999, and 2000. However, the 1970 PES was confined to Peninsular Malaysia
only. The Census Coverage Evaluation Survey (CCES) 2010 was carried out for the
Census 2010.

PES is a survey based on a sample of selected enumeration blocks (EB) within which
every living quarters, households and persons enumerated in the census will be
recalculated during the PES . A team of trained staff was deployed to implement a data
collection which is independent from the Census 2020. Differences in the results
obtained from PES and Census will be used as a basis for adjusting to the Census

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population, households and residential areas count at Malaysia, state, administrative
district and strata levels as well as according to selected demographic characteristics.
Analysis of coverage errors and content and experiences gained from PLB can serve
as a guide for improvement in future census planning and implementation.

2. SURVEY BACKGROUND

Post Enumeration Survey (PES) 2020 is the 6th survey after the inaugural survey in
1970. This survey was conducted on 2nd November 2020 until 22th January 2020 which
includes 2 phases. Phase 1 is the listing and enumeration operation of living quarters,
household, household member and content while phase 2 is the field reconciliation
operation of living quarters, household, household member and content coverage.

This survey was scientifically done using one-stage stratified random sampling method
with a sampling unit consisting of enumeration blocks. All living quarters and
households within a selected EB were canvassed. The sample coverage of PES 2020
in terms of representation up to the administrative district and strata level compared to
states and strata in CCES 2010.

3. SURVEY FINDINGS

The main findings of this survey comprise information on analysis of the level of
coverage error of population, living quarters and households. In addition, content error
analysis for selected demographics characteristics such as gender, ethnic group and
age group is also included. The statistics obtained from this survey are used to
establish the Census 2020 adjustment basis.

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3.1 UNDER ENUMERATION OF POPULATION
3.1.1 Under Enumeration Rates of Population
A total of xx,xxx,xxx persons were enumerated in Census 2020. However, after the
implementation of Post Enumeration Survey (PES), it was revealed that a total of
xxx,xxx persons (0.0%) were under enumerated during the Census. By taking into
account the under enumeration rate, the population of Malaysia 2020 was xx,xxx,xxx
persons.
Exhibit 1: Under enumeration rates of census population, Malaysia, 2020

3.1.2 Under Enumeration Rates of Population By State
The under enumeration rates during Census 2020 for states varied from x.xx per cent
to x.xx per cent. State X recorded the highest under enumeration rate which is x.xx
per cent, followed by State Y (x.xx%) and State Z (x.xx%) meanwhile State z
recorded the lowest under enumeration rate which is x.xx per cent. (Table 1)

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Table 1: Under enumeration rates of census population by state, Malaysia, 2020

State Census Under Enumeration Adjusted
Population Population Rate (%) Census
Johor Population

Kedah
Kelantan
Melaka
Negeri Sembilan
Pahang

Perak
Perlis
Pulau Pinang
Sabah
Sarawak
Selangor
Terengganu
W.P. Kuala Lumpur

W.P. Labuan
W.P. Putrajaya

MALAYSIA

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Table 1: Under enumeration rates of census population by state, Malaysia, 2020

State Census Under Enumeration Adjusted
Population Population Rate (%) Census
Population

Johor
Kedah
Kelantan
Melaka
Negeri Sembilan
Pahang
Perak
Perlis
Pulau Pinang
Sabah
Sarawak
Selangor
Terengganu
W.P. Kuala Lumpur
W.P. Labuan
W.P. Putrajaya

MALAYSIA

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3.1.3 Estimates of Under Enumeration Rates of Population at 95% Confidence
Interval By State

Since the PES estimates are based on a sample survey, they are subjected to sampling
errors. With a standard error of x.xx, the rate of under enumeration is between x.xx and
x.xx per cent at x.xx per cent confidence interval.

This means that at x per cent confidence interval, the number of persons under
enumerated in Census 2020 lies between xxx,xxx and xxx,xxx persons.

Table 2: Estimates of under enumeration rates of population at 95% confidence
interval by state, Malaysia, 2020

State Under Standard 95% Confidence Relative
Enumeration Error Interval Standard

Rate (%) Lower Upper Error
(%)
Limit Limit

Johor

Kedah

Kelantan

Melaka

Negeri Sembilan

Pahang

Perak

Perlis

Pulau Pinang

Sabah

Sarawak

Selangor

Terengganu

W.P. Kuala Lumpur

W.P. Labuan

W.P. Putrajaya

MALAYSIA

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3.1.4 Under Enumeration Rates of Population, Malaysia, 1970, 1980, 1991, 2000
and 2010

At Malaysia level, the Census 2020 recorded the lowest under enumeration rate
compared to previous censuses of 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2000 which is x.x per cent.

Exhibit 2: Under enumeration rates of population, Malaysia, 1970, 1980, 1991,
2000, 2010 and 2020

3.1.5 Under Enumeration Rates of Population By Strata

Census 2020 indicated that under enumeration rate for urban area was higher than rural
area. A similar urban and rural differential in under enumeration rates was also
observed for the 1970, 1991, 2000 and 2010 censuses. However, the analysis of under
enumeration by urban and rural classification was not done for the 1980 Census.

Exhibit 3: Under enumeration rates of population by strata, Malaysia, 1970, 1991,
2000, 2010 and 2020

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3.1.6 Under Enumeration Rates of Population By Ethnic Group
Based on the ethnic group, A recorded the highest under enumeration rates which is B
per cent followed by C (D%) and E (F%).
Exhibit 4: Under enumeration rates of population by ethnic group, Malaysia, 2020

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3.1.7 Under Enumeration Rates of Population By Sex

For under enumeration rate by sex, A recorded B per cent and C D per cent at Malaysia
level. This showed that under enumeration among females is higher than males. This
pattern differed from the previous censuses.

Exhibit 5: Under enumeration rates of population by sex, Malaysia, 2020

3.1.8 Under Enumeration Rates of Population By Sex and State

The under enumeration rates of population among X higher than Y in most states
except X, Y and Z.

Chart 1: Under enumeration rates of population by sex and state, Malaysia, 2020

Male Female
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
4.30
2.40
2.50

4.40
3.50
1.80

4.50
2.80
2.50

4.30
5.50

2.50
4.30

3.50
2.50

4.50
3.50
2.50

4.50
5.50

2.50
2.40

5.50
4.40
2.40
1.80

5.10
2.80

3.20
4.30

2.80
2.50

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3.1.9 Under Enumeration Rates of Population By Age Group

In terms of age group, there are X age groups that showed the highest under
enumeration rates, which were the X, Y and Z years.

Chart 2: Under enumeration rates of population by age group, Malaysia, 2020

85+ 2.84
80 - 84 2.98
75 - 79
70 - 74 2.44
65 - 69 2.87
60 - 64 3.45
55 - 59 3.48
50 - 54 3.15
45 - 49
40 - 44 2.47
35 - 39 2.91
30 - 34
25 - 29 2.84
20 - 24 3.01
15 - 19
10 - 14 2.66
3.45
5-9
0-4 2.85
3.54
3.5

2.5
3.04

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3.1.10 Under Enumeration Rates of Population By Age Group and Sex

Chart 3: Under enumeration rates of population by age group and sex, Malaysia,
2020

5.00
4.50
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00

Male Female

3.1.11 Under Enumeration Rates of Population By Age Group and Ethnic Group

Chart 4: Under enumeration rates of population by age group and ethnic group,
Malaysia, 2020

6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00

Malay Other Bumiputera Chinese Indians Others

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3.2 UNDER ENUMERATION OF LIVING QUARTERS
3.2.1 Under Enumeration Rates of Living Quarters
During Census 2020, x or T per cent living quarters in Malaysia were omitted. By taking
into account the under enumeration rate, the total number of living quarters in Malaysia
is Z.
Exhibit 6: Under enumeration rates of living quarters in Census, Malaysia, 2020

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3.2.2 Under Enumeration Rates of Living Quarters By State

At state level, X recorded the highest under enumeration rate of X per cent followed by
Y(%) and Z (%).

Table 3: Under enumeration rates of living quarters in Census by state, Malaysia,
2020

Census Living Under Enumeration Adjusted
Quarters Census Living
State Living
Quarters Quarters
Rate (%)

Johor
Kedah
Kelantan
Melaka
Negeri Sembilan
Pahang
Perak
Perlis
Pulau Pinang
Sabah
Sarawak
Selangor
Terengganu
W.P. Kuala Lumpur
W.P. Labuan
W.P. Putrajaya
MALAYSIA

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3.2.3 Estimates of Under Enumeration Rates of Living Quarters At 95%
Confidence Interval By Strata

With a standard error of 0.00, the actual under enumeration rate for living quarters is to
lie between 0.00 and 0.00 per cent at 95 per cent confidence interval.

The under enumeration rate of living quarters showed that, the rate for urban was higher
than rural.

Table 4: Estimates of under enumeration rates of living quarters at 95%
confidence interval by strata, Malaysia, 2020

Strata Under 95% Confidence Interval
Enumeration Standard Error

Rate (%) Lower Limit Upper Limit

Urban

Rural

MALAYSIA

3.2.4 Comparison of Under Enumeration Rates of Living Quarters , Malaysia

Overall, the under enumeration rate of living quarters in Census 2020 appeared to be
lower than in the Census 1991, 2000 and 2010.

Exhibit 7: Comparison of under enumeration rates of living quarters, Malaysia,
1991, 2000, 2010 dan 2020

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3.3 UNDER ENUMERATION OF HOUSEHOLDS
3.3.1 Under Enumeration Rates of Households
The under enumeration rate for households at the national level was x per cent or
YYY,YYY households that were omitted during the Census 2020.

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3.3.2 Under Enumeration Rates of Households By State

At state level, X recorded the highest under enumeration rates of household (x%)
followed by Y (Y%) and Z (Z%).

Table 5: Under enumeration of households in Census 2020 by state, Malaysia,
2020

State Census Under enumeration Adjusted
households Households Rate (%) Census
Households

Johor
Kedah
Kelantan
Melaka
Negeri Sembilan
Pahang
Perak
Perlis
Pulau Pinang
Sabah
Sarawak
Selangor
Terengganu
W.P. Kuala Lumpur
W.P. Labuan
W.P. Putrajaya

MALAYSIA

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3.3.3 Estimates of Under Enumeration Rates of Households At 95% Confidence
Interval By Strata

With a standard error of x, the actual under enumeration rate of households is expected
to lie between y and z per cent at 95 per cent confidence interval.

Based on previous censuses, under enumeration rate of households in urban was
higher than rural. The same situation also occurred during Census 2020.

Table 6: Estimates of under enumeration of households at 95% confidence
interval by strata, Malaysia, 2020

Strata Under 95% Confidence Interval
Enumeration Standard Error

Rate (%) Lower Limit Upper Limit

Urban

Rural

MALAYSIA

3.3.4 Comparison of Estimates of Under Enumeration Rates of Households,
Malaysia

Overall, under enumeration rate of households in Census 2020 appear to be lower than
the Census 1991,2000 and 2020.

Chart 5: Comparison of estimates of under enumeration of households, Malaysia,
1991, 2000, 2010 dan 2020

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3.4 CONTENT ERROR OF THE SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

3.4.1 Gender

3.4.1.1 Degree of Agreement and Index of Inconsistency By Sex
The percentage of Degree of Agreement between the census and PES by sex was
higher than 99 per cent. This result is consistent with the value of Index of
Inconsistency which is lower than two per cent.

Table 7: Degree of agreement and index of inconsistency by sex, Malaysia, 2020

Gender Degree of Agreement (%) Index of Inconsistency (%)

Male
Female
TOTAL

Chart 6: Comparison degree of agreement by sex, Malaysia, 1980, 1991, 2000,
2010 and 2020

100

99.5

99

98.5

98 1991* 2000 2010 2020
1980*

Male Female

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Chart 7: Comparison of index of inconsistency by sex, Malaysia, 1980, 1991,
2000, 2010 and 2020

3.00

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00 1991* 2000 2010 2020
1980*

Male Female

3.4.2 Ethnic Group
3.4.2.1 Degree of Agreement and Index of Inconsistency By Ethnic Group

Table 8: Degree of agreement and index of inconsistency by ethnic group,
Malaysia, 2020

Ethnic group Degree of Agreement (%) Index of Inconsistency (%)

Bumiputera
Chinese
Indians
Others

TOTAL

Bumiputera, Chinese and Indians have the higher percentage of Degree of Agreement
compared with ethnic Others. The Index of Inconsistency for these three ethnics also
showed a lower value compared with the ethnic Others. Similar levels were recorded in
PES 1980, 1991 and 2000 at Malaysia level

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Chart 8: Comparison degree of agreement by ethnic group, Malaysia, 1980, 1991,
2000, 2010 dan 2020

100

95

90

85

80

75 1991* 2000 2010 2020
1980*

Bumiputera Chinese Indians Others

Chart 9: Comparison of index of inconsistency by ethnic group, Malaysia, 1980,
1991, 2000, 2010 dan 2020

20

15

10

5

0 1991* 2000 2010 2020
1980*

Bumiputera Chinese Indians Others

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3.4.3 Age Group
3.4.3.1 Degree of Agreement and Index of Inconsistency By Age Group

Table 9: Degree of agreement and index of inconsistency by age group, Malaysia,
2020

Age group Degree of Agreement (%) Index of Inconsistency (%)

0-4
5-9
10 - 14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 - 44
45 - 49
50 - 54
55 - 59
60 - 64
65 - 69
70 - 74
75 - 79
80+

TOTAL

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