PSU
ACADEMIC
ENGLISH
935-020
PREPARD BY:
Marvin C. rotula, mmem
PRINCE OF SONGKLA UNIVERSITY
Unit 1: A PERFECT MATCH
A. READING TEXT
Have you seen the TV show, “The Bachelor?” Do you
have any idea what is this show all about?
For those who don’t know, The Bachelor provides one
man - the eponymous bachelor - a group of twenty-five to
thirty gorgeous women from whom he must choose a wife
—for all intents and purposes his life partner. Not a
girlfriend, a wife. The goal of the show is to turn the
bachelor into a married man.
The Bachelor is absolutely brilliant…just not at making marriages. According to Wikipedia, as
of March 2015 only five lasting ideal partnerships have come out of the twenty-nine seasons of
The Bachelor and its gender-reverse counterpart, The Bachelorette, combined. But the show is
genius at a particular aspect of relationships: making people think they’re falling in love. How does
the show do this? It’s easy to chalk it up to everyone being ridiculously good-looking, plus the
impossibly romantic, expense-free dates. Rappelling down the highest cliff in Bali and then
attending a private concert by the biggest local pop star, anyone? Swimming in a cove of
endangered dolphins and then dining in a thousand-year-old castle? A little adrenaline, a little
romance, and everyone’s in love!
How about you? Are you willing to marry someone that you’ve just met? Or
Are you going to wait for someone even though it will take time?
Do you think there is such thing as perfect match?
Here are some of the famous couples in history that were considered as a perfect match
ANTHONY & CLEOPATRA
(41 BCE – 30 BCE)
They are arguably the most famous lovers in history. Marcus
Antonius of Rome stood at the pinnacle of power, fighting to be
the most powerful man in the known world; and Cleopatra VII
Philopator was the queen of one ancient civilization, Egypt, and
heir to the unmatched cultural achievements of another, Greece.
The pair, in fact, did marry in 36 B.C.E. In 31 B.C.E., while fighting a
battle in Actium, Anthony heard a false news about Cleopatra’s
death. Not wanting to live
without her, he stabbed himself with his own sword. When Cleopatra learned about Anthony’s
death, she let herself be bitten by a poisonous snake and was later found dead. Their love affair,
their war together, their defeat and, finally, their suicides have been told and retold for centuries.
SHAH JAHAN & MUMTAZ MAHAL
(1607 - 1631)
I
n 1612, a teenage girl, Arjumand Banu, married15-
year
old Shah Jahan, ruler of the Mughal Empire.
Renamed Mumtaz Mahal, she bore Shah Jahan 14
children and became his favorite wife. After Mumtaz
died in 1629, the grieving emperor resolved to create a
fitting monument. It took 20,000 workers and 1,000
elephants nearly 20 years to complete this monument-
the Taj Mahal. Built of white marble, the Taj sits on a
sandstone platform. A137-foot high dome tops the
mausoleum. The interior is lavishly decorated in lapis
lazuli, turquoise, agate, jasper, and colored marble. The
exterior is paved with semiprecious stones that sparkle
in the sun. The surrounding garden contains four water channels representing the four rivers of
Islamic paradise
MARIE & PIERRE CURIE
(1894 - 1906)
Because women were not able to attend un
iversity in Poland
in the 19th Century, Mary Sklodowska left Poland to study at a
French University in 1891. Now known by her French name Marie,
she worked hard in a laboratory, catching the attention of Pierre
Curie, the laboratory director. Mary and Pierre got married in
1895. Although they are poor, they were both devoted to their
research and to each other. In 1898, the couple discovered the
elements polonium and radium. They eventually won Nobel Prize
for Physics in 1903 for the discovery of radioactivity. When Pierre
died in 1906, Marie honored his memory by continuing their work. In 1911, Marie Curie won
another Nobel Prize, this time for Chemistry. She was the first person to win the Nobel prize twice.
DAVID & VICTORIA BECKHAM
(1999)
David and
Victoria met in 1997 after the Spice Girl attended a
Manchester U
nited match at David's request. It was clear for all to
see that they were a great couple from the start, and the media
began referring to them as Posh and Becks. The wedding
ceremony on July 4th 1999 saw them sitting on golden thrones
and set Posh and Becks back an alleged £500,000. Soon after,
they bought the famous Beckingham Palace in Hertfordshire,
worth an estimated £7.5 million. Both have excelled in their
careers. David is one of the most capped England players of all
time, having represented his country 115 times, as well as
captaining the nation. Over an illustrious career, he has played for
some of the best football clubs in the world, including Manchester United, Real Madrid and AC
Milan. Victoria on the other hand was in one of the most successful groups of all time with the
Spice Girls, and in 2011 was named Designer of the Year at the annual British Fashion Awards. 'I
think people saw the real me...,' she told Harper's Bazaar, 'and the truth is, I would have felt much
more comfortable in my pajamas with the kids and David in a hotel watching it on TV.'
B. VOCABULARY
1. Gorgeous (งดงาม) - very attractive, beautiful
2. Goal (เป้าหมาย) - an aim or desired result
3. Ridiculous (ไร้สาระ) - so as to cause surprise or disbelief.
4. Endangered (ใกล้สูญพันธุ์) - seriously at risk of extinction
5. Pinnacle (สิขร) - the most successful point
6. Unmatched (ไม่มีที่เปรียบ) - not equaled
7. Empire (อาณาจักร) - countries ruled over by a single monarch
8. Mausoleum (สุสาน) - impressive building housing a tomb or group
of tombs
9. Discover (เปิด) - found unexpectedly
10. Illustrious (เลื่องลือ) - well known, respected, and admired for past ach
achievement
Activity 1: True or False.
1. All the marriages in the Bachelor are all successful.
a. True b. False
2. Cleopatra and Anthony killed each other because the hate each other.
a. True b. False
3. David and Victoria Beckham are celebrities.
a. True b. False
4. Marie Curie won the Nobel Peace Prize, twice.
a. True b. False
5. Mumtaz Mahal is the only wife of Shah Jahan
a. True b. False
C. GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
The simple past tense is used to talk about finished actions that happened
at a specific time in the past. You state when it happened using a time adverb.
You form the simple past of a verb by adding -ed onto the end of a regular
verb but, irregular verb forms have to be learnt.
SIMPLE PAST TIMELINE
REGULAR VERB
The verbs "live
d, started, died" are regular past forms. The rule is the following:
Examples: Verb + ed
The infinitive The simple past play played
live lived watch watched
start started phone phoned
die died The spelling of the simple past form
visit visited (-ed forms)
marry married
You will learn the spelling of the simple past
form (-ed form.) But before you continue the
lesson study the following examples and try to
see how the verbs are spelled.
Verbs ending in a...
1. silent e 2. vowel + y 3. consonant + y 4. other forms
close = closed play = played marry = married visit = visited
miss = missed
die = died destroy = destroyed carry = carried watch = watched
finish = finished
phone = phoned show = showed study = studied fix = fixed
buzz = buzzed
The rules of the simple past tense forms:
Here are the rules:
1. Regular verbs ending in a silent e take /-d/ in the simple past and past
participle:
Example: close=closed
2. Regular verbs ending in a vowel + y take /-ed/ in the simple past and
past participle:
Example: play=played
3. Regular verbs ending in a consonant + y take /-ied/ in the simple past
and past participle (the ' y' becomes an ' i' followed by /-ed/)
Example: marry=married
4. All the other regular verbs take /-ed/ in the simple past and past
participle.
Example: visit=visited
Special cases of the -ed forms:
Follow these rules when there is a consonant after a vowel (stop, ban, open,
offer...)
1. If there is a consonant after a stressed vowel at the end of the word,
double the consonant
stop – stopped
ban - banned
swap – swapped
2. If the vowel is not stressed, we do not double it:
open - opened (Here the stress is on 'o', not the 'e'.)
offer - offered ( Here the stress is on 'o', not the 'e'.)
In British English we double the last 'l' of words like travel, cancel and level
even though the last vowel is not stressed. Here are some examples:
travel - travelled level - levelled
cancel – cancelled marvel - marvelled
A verb whose conjugation follows a different pattern is called an irregular
verb. There is no rule for these verbs. You should learn them by heart.
Exercise 1: Complete these sentences. Use the verbs below. (regular Verbs)
chat - die - carry - end - happen - live - open - invite - plan - arrive -
start - phone - study - watch
1. The concert last night ____________at 7.30 and _______________at 10 o'clock.
2. The accident ______________last Sunday afternoon.
3. Mozart _________________from 1756 to 1791.
4. It was hot in the room, so I _________________the window.
5. William Shakespeare __________________in 1616.
6. You _______ in England last week.
7. My mum _________ Russian at university.
8. I__________ you yesterday, but you weren't at home.
9. Last night, Marga and Alice ________ their holiday.
10. Tom __________us to his birthday party.
11. The children ___________ the books to the classroom.
12. We_________ the exam at half past three.
13. I___________ to Jane about films and fashion.
Exercise 2: Put the sentences from the present into the past tense.
1. We usually go to the cinema on Sunday. We _________to the cinema last Sunday, too.
2. Tom always has a shower in the morning. Tom __________ a shower this morning, too.
3. They come to my house every Friday. Last Friday they __________, too.
4. They buy a new car every year. Last year they __________ a new car, too
5. They always get up early. This morning they _________ up late.
6. Bill often loses his key. He _________ one last Saturday.
7. I write a letter to Jane every week. Last week I ______ two letters.
8. She meets her friends every evening. She ________ them yesterday evening, too.
9. He always goes to work by car. Yesterday he ________ to work by bus.
10. I usually read two newspapers every day. I only __________ a newspaper yesterday.
D. SPEAKING ACTIVITY
In English, the past tense ending –ed has three different pronunciations.
For verbs that end in the sounds p,k,f,s,ch, or sh, pronounce the ending in /t/ as
in worked.
For verbs that end in vowel sounds or b,g,v,z,zh,th,j,m,n,ng,l,r pronounce the
ending /d/ as in opened
For verbs that end in the sounds d or t, pronounce the ending /id/ as in wanted.
1.They traded something of value that they possessed for something they needed.
2. What if no one wanted or needed it?
3. The first coins were produced in China, and the first paper money appeared in China.
4. Money called digital cash is already being exchanged over the Internet.
E. WRITING ACTIVITY (HOMEWORK)
1. Choose a couple that you feel is a perfect match.
2. They could include actors, musician, politicians, athletes, and others.
3. Write a short essay about this couple, explaining why they are perfect match.
4. DO NOT COPY Wikipedia, or any online sources. Write your own
5. Font should be Times New Romans, font size is 12, double space.
Write at least 800 words.
Unit 2: RAGS TO RICHES
A. READING TEXT
According to Wikipedia, Rags to riches refers to any situation in which a person rises
from poverty to wealth, and in some cases from absolute obscurity to heights of fame,
fortune and celebrity—sometimes instantly.
Most of the rags to riches story are those who became instant millionaire by winning
the lottery, or an heirwho received his wealth from the demise of his parents.
However, there are also those, who worked really hard to achieved what they have right
now. They started from nothing and after countless disappointments, heartaches,
rejections, sacrifices and hard work they were able to succeed.
Here are some of the rags to riches stories that we can get inspiration.
AMANCIO ORTEGA
(66.5 billion USD)
Retail Clothing, Spain
Armancio Ortega is the founder and chairman of a
company that owns many stores including the enormously
popular international clothing store, Zara. He is Spain’s
riches man, Ortega is the son of the railroad worker and a
maid, and had no formal higher education. When Ortega
was 13, he worked as a delivery by for a shirt maker and
later became the manager of the clothing shop. He began
making clothing in his living room and selling it to local
stores. Ortega had an ability to predict what styles were
going to be popular and create these styles with
inexpensive materials. In 1975, Ortega opened his first Zara store. Zara gained a reputation for
selling designer fashions at reasonable prices. Today Ortega’s company has more then 4,0000
stores in 71 countries
J.K. ROWLING
(1.0 billion USD)
Publishing, United Kingdom
J.K. Rowling is the British author of the wildly successful Harry Potter
series. Rowling, once a single mother living on welfare, is now a billionaire
whose books have been translated into 60 languages and have sold over
400 million copies worldwide. The books also inspired a series of billion-
dollar movies. Her journey from welfare mom to billionaire author
happened in less than five years.
Rowling conceived the idea for the Harry Potter series while on a long
train ride in 1990. She was poor that she used to do her writing on stained
napkins at local cafés while her infant daughter napped. Rowling reflects
that that was the dark period of her life and that she had no idea that there
was going to be a fairy tale resolution.
LI KA-SHING
(29.4 billion USD)
Business, Hong Kong
I was born into an impoverished family in China in 1928.
When he was 15, his father died, forcing Li to leave high school
so that he could work to support his family. He took a job in a
plastic company, where he would work 16 hours a day. At this
company, li used to assemble plastic flowers. By 1950, Li had
started his own plastics manufacturing company. His company
prospered which led to Li to expand his business into many
different fields.
However, his successes are not all monetary. Li Ka-Shing has
a reputation for being honest and generous. In fact, he is one of
Asia’s most prominent philanthropists, and has announced plans to donate o
ne-third of his wealth to
charity.
OPRAH WINFREY
(2.6 billion USD)
Entertainment, U.S.A.
Oprah Winfrey was born in Mississippi into extremely poor family.
Her mother was a maid, and her father was a barber. Winfrey lived in
such poverty that she wore dresses made of potato sacks. Winfrey was
a talkative girl who would often pretend to interview her dolls. She
excelled in school and won a college scholarship. When she
graduated, Winfrey got a job reporting the news which was popular
that it was broadcast nationally. The Oprah Winfrey show now air in
135 countries, and is viewed by about 46 million people. Winfrey also
has a magazine, a production company and co-founded a cable
television network.
B. VOCALBULARY
1. Heir (ผู้สืบสายโลหิต) -a person who inherits or has a right of
inheritance in the property
of another following the latter's death.
2. Demise (อนิจกรรม) - death
3. Predict (ทํานาย) - foretell the future.
4. Reputation (ชื่อเสียง) - good name
5. Welfare (สวัสดิการ) - a government agency that provide funds to
those people in need.
6. Journey (เที่ยว) - progress from one stage to another
7. Impoverished (ข้นแค้น) - poor
8. Philanthropist (คนใจบุญ) - a person who gives something for those in
need.
9. Excel (เป็นหนึ่ง) - to be better, to be the best
10. Scholarship (ทุนการศึกษา) - a sum of money or other aid granted to a
student for education.
Activity 1. True or False
1. A person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by the
generous donation of money to good causes.
c. True d. False
2. Armancio Ortega’s father is so rich that they don’t need to work to have
money.
c. True d. False
3. J.K. Rowling is the writer of “The Lord of the Rings”.
c. True d. False
4. Oprah Winfrey was born in an extremely wealthy family.
c. True d. False
5. Li Ka-Shing’s family was from China before they moved to Singapore.
c. True d. False
C. GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PRESENT VS PRESENT
CONTINOUS
What's the difference between the Present Simple / Present Continuous and
how to use them?
We use the present simple tense when we want to talk about fixed habits or
routines – things that don't change. Structure: Subject + Verb (vI) + es/es
We use the present continuous to talk about actions which are happening at
the present moment, but will soon finish. Structure: Subject + is/am/are +
Verb(+ing)
HERE ARE THE DIFFERENCES
Exercise:
1. Every Monday, Sally (drive) ________ her kids to football practice.
2. Usually, I (work) _______ as a secretary at ABT, but this summer I (study)_____________
French
at a language school in Paris. That is why I am in Paris.
3. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John (sleep) ______________.
4. Don't forget to take your umbrella. It (rain) ___________________.
5. I hate living in Seattle because it (rain, always) ___________________.
6. I'm sorry I can't hear what you (say) __________________ because everybody
(talk) ______________________ so loudly.
7. Justin (write, currently) ___________________________ a book about his adventures in
Tibet. I
hope he can find a good publisher when he is finished.
8. Jim: Do you want to come over for dinner tonight?
Denise: Oh, I'm sorry, I can't. I (go) _____________________ to a movie tonight with some
friends.
9. The business cards (be, normally) ______________________ printed by a company in New
York.
Their prices (be) ________ inexpensive, yet the quality of their work is quite good.
10. This delicious chocolate (be) _______ made by a small chocolatier in Zurich,
Switzerland.
D. SPEAKING ACTIVITY
Listen and practice the English /r/sound in these sentences
1. After breaking up the fight, the prince of Verona gives a warning.
2. Romeo reveals himself and proclaims his love.
3. Romeo and Juliet are married in secret by Friar Lawrence.
4. A furious and grieving Romeo then kills Tybalt.
5. Friar Lawrence’s letter never reached Romeo.
E. WRITING ACTIVITY (HOMEWORK)
1. Choose a famous and/or wealthy person.
2. Research information about this person’s life, including the events that took the
person from obscurity to fame or poverty to wealth.
3. Write a biographical essay about this person.
4. DO NOT COPY Wikipedia, or any online sources. Write your own
5. Font should be Times New Romans, font size is 12, single space. Write at least 800
words.
Unit 3: THE STORY OF GEORGE
WASHINGTON CARVER
A. READING TEXT
Considered to be one of America’s greatest scientist in
the field of Agriculture. Carver's reputation is based on
his research into and promotion of alternative crops to
cotton, such as peanuts, soybeans, and sweet potatoes,
which also aided nutrition for farm families. He wanted
poor farmers to grow alternative crops both as a source of
their own food and as a source of other products to
improve their quality of life. He was recognized for his many
achievements and talents. In 1941, Time magazine dubbed
Carver a "Black Leonardo."
Carver was born into slavery in Diamond Grove, Newton
County, near Crystal Place, now known as Diamond,
Missouri, possibly in 1864 or 1865, though the exact date is
not known. His master, Moses Carver, was a German
American immigrant who had purchased George's parents, Mary and Giles, from William P.
McGinnis on October 9, 1855, for $700. Carver had 10 sisters and a brother, all of whom died
prematurely.
When George was only a week old, he, a sister, and his mother were kidnapped by night raiders
from Arkansas. George's brother, James, was rushed to safety from the kidnappers. The kidnappers
sold the slaves in Kentucky. Moses Carver hired John Bentley to find them, but he located only the
infant George. Moses negotiated with the raiders to gain the boy's return, and rewarded Bentley. In
1865, there were no longer slaves in the United States, but George and his brother continued to live
with the Carvers. The Carvers gave him as much education as they could. At the age of 12, George
left the Carvers to start life on his own.
For the next 12 years, he worked whenever he could and went to school whenever he could.
He managed to finish high school and won a scholarship to go to Highland University.
However, when he appeared in the University, they refused to admit him because
he was black. This did not stop Carver, he continued to work and save money. In early 1888,
Carver obtained a $300 loan at the Bank of Ness City for education. By June he left the area.
In 1890, Carver started studying art and piano at Simpson College in Indianola, Iowa.
His art teacher, Etta Budd, recognized Carver's talent for painting flowers and plants; she
encouraged him to study botany at Iowa State Agricultural College in Ames. When he began
there in 1891, he was the first black student. Carver's Bachelor's thesis was "Plants as
Modified by Man", dated 1894. Iowa State professors Joseph Budd and Louis Pammel
convinced Carver to continue there for his master's degree. Carver taught as the first
black faculty member at Iowa State.
In 1896, Booker T. Washington, the first principal and president of the Tuskegee
Institute, invited Carver to head its Agriculture Department. Carver taught there for 47 years,
developing the department into a strong research center and working with two additional
college presidents during his tenure. He taught methods of crop rotation, introduced several
alternative cash crops for farmers that would also improve the soil of areas heavily cultivated
in cotton, initiated research into crop products (chemurgy), and taught generations of black
students farming techniques for self-sufficiency.
From 1915 to 1923, Carver concentrated on researching and experimenting with
new uses for peanuts, sweet potatoes, soybeans, pecans, and other crops, as well as having
his assistants research and compile existing uses. This work, and especially his speaking to a
national conference of the Peanut Growers Association in 1920 and in testimony before
Congress in 1921 to support passage of a tariff on imported peanuts, brought him wide
publicity and increasing renown. In these years, he became one of the most well-known
African Americans of his time. The most popular of his 44 practical bulletins for farmers
contained 105 food recipes using peanuts. He also developed and promoted about 100
products made from peanuts that were useful for the house and farm, including cosmetics,
dyes, paints, plastics, gasoline, and nitroglycerin. He received numerous honors for his work,
including the Spingarn Medal of the NAAC.
Upon returning home one day, Carver took a bad fall down a flight of stairs; he
was found unconscious by a maid who took him to a hospital. Carver died January 5, 1943, at
the age of 78 from complications (anemia) resulting from this fall. He was buried next to
Booker T. Washington at Tuskegee University. Due to his frugality, Carver's life savings totaled
$60,000, all of which he donated in his last years and at his death to the Carver Museum and
to the George Washington Carver Foundation
B. VOCABULARY
1. Field (ด้าน) - area of interest of study.
2. Agriculture(การเกษตร) - growing food.
3. Admit (ยอมรับ) - allow to enter.
4. Support yourself(สนับสนุนตัวเอง) - earn enough money to live.
5. Outstanding (เฉียบ) - better than most.
6. Struggle (ฝ่าฟัน) - Trying to survive.
7. Soil (ดิน) - dirt in which plants grow.
8. Wore out (เสื่อมสภาพ) - used up.
9. Made an offer (ทำข้อเสนอ) -proposed something.
10. Provide opportunities - give a chance.
Activity 1. Circle the letter of the best answer
1. Carver was _____________.
a. Born a slave c. A slave until he went to university
b. A slave until he was 12 d. A slave all his life.
2. Carver developed many uses for _______________.
a. Cotton c. Glue
b. Peanuts d. Soil
3. In the 1930’s, Carver was ______________.
a. A poor man c. Famous in other countries
b. Rich and popular d. Recognized all over the world.
Activity 2. Circle T if the sentences is true, circle F if the sentences is false.
Correct the false sentences.
1. George’s parents were Moses and Susan Carver TF
__________________________________________________. TF
2. Carver was the only black student at Iowa Agricultural College. TF
___________________________________________________. TF
3. Carver discovered more than 300 products for sweet potato. TF
___________________________________________________.
4. Carver was called the “Banana Man.”
___________________________________________________.
5. Carver gave all his life savings to George Washington Carver
Foundation after he died
___________________________________________________.
C. GRAMMAR
JOB SUFFIXES
This suffix is commonly used to indicate a person who does a job related to
the base form of the word to which –er is added. There are no rules, on what suffix
to attached on certain jobs, although a number of patterns emerge. Unskilled or
semi-skilled job-holders are often denoted with …er, whilst those in scientific or
medical professions are often designated with…ist.
But there are many exceptions.
The …er suffix is very common, but so is …or. The …ist ending is also quite
common, but so is …an. We also have …ant (accountant, shop assistant, civil servant,
flight attendant), …man (postman, fireman, dustman, barman, draughtsman,
fisherman), …ess (waitress, hostess, Headmistress) …ee (trainee, employee) and …ive
(representative, machine operative), etc.
It is really a matter of learning them and knowing them. Learn them in word
families, for example, teach + er = teacher and bake + er = baker.
Exercise 3: Write the correct occupation
1. Someone who drives a car is a ___________________.
2. Someone who translates is a _____________________.
3. Someone who acts in movies is an ________________.
4. Someone who studies the mind is a _______________.
5. Someone who studies the economy is an ___________.
6. Someone who studies rocks and their formation is a ______________.
7. Someone who plays professional football is a _________________.
D. SPEAKING ACTIVITY
(CONSONANT CLUSTER)
A consonant cluster, consonan
t sequence or consonant compound, is a
group of consonants which have no intervening vowel. It is also called consonant
blend which are groups of two or three consonants in words that makes a distinct
consonant sound.
DIGRAPHS: these are some words that begin with common digraphs or blends.
1. bl - blab, black, blue 13. sh - shower, shade, shut
2. br - brace, bracelet, broom 14. sk - skate, skinny, skydive
3. ch - chain, chair, chin 15. sl - slab, slot, slow
4. cl - clad, claim, clear 16. sm - smack, smash, smog
5. cr - crab, crack, cracker 17. sn - snack, snow, sneeze
6. dr - drab, draft, drag 18. sp - spa, sponsor, spy
7. fl - flab, flush, flag 19. st - street, students, storm
8. fr - fraction, fry, frugal 20. sw - swab, swim, sweater
9. gl - glad, gleam glue 21. th - thank, this, thorn
10. gr - grace groan, greet 22. tr - trace, trolley, traffic
11. pl - pray, pronoun, pry 23. tw - tweak, twitter, twin
12. sc - scale, screw, scorpion 24. wh - whale, white, why
E. WRITING ACTIVITY (homework)
The story of George Washington Carver is a narrative. A Narrative relates a story of
events or actions. Narrative puts events in time and tells us what happened according to a
natural time sequence (อนุกรม).
In a narrative, time order words and phrases are used to show the order in which events
happen.
Example:
first (second, etc.) eventually then
when next a few days later.
Finally after afterward
meanwhile one day after a while in 1940 soon for the next
5 years
1. Write a narrative essay about yourself (life story)
2. Font should be Times New Romans, font size is 12, double space. Write at least
800 words.
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Unit 4: TEA, ANYONE?
A. READING TEXT
There is a saying that the British like a nice cup
of tea in the morning and a nice cup oftea at night.
They like a nice cup of tea with their dinner and a
nice cup of tea with their tea, and before they go to
bed, there’s a lot to be said for a nice cup of tea!
Sometimes it seems that no one likes tea quite
as much as the British do.
But, in fact it is popular around the world especially in Asia. Tea is an aromatic beverage
commonly prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured leaves of the Camellia sinensis,
an evergreen shrub native to
Asia. After water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the
World.
Tea originated in the Southwest of China, the popular legend says tea was discovered by
Emperor Shennong. It was used as a medical drink. It became a popular drink throughout
China during the Tang Dynasty, and tea drinking spread to other East Asian countries.
Portuguese priests and merchants introduced it to the West during the 16th century. During
the 17th Century, drinking tea became fashionable among British people. There are many
different types of tea; some teas, like Darjeeling and Chinese greens, have a cooling, slightly
bitter, and astringent flavor, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty,
floral, or grassy notes.
In China and Japan, tea was first used as a medicine, it wasn’t until many years later that
people there drank tea as a beverage. Because tea had been considered a scared remedy, it
was always served with much ceremony. When Chinese first started drinking tea, they didn’t use
teapots. Instead, they put leaves and hot water into a small bowl with a cover. Drinkers would
bring the bowl to their lips and lift the cover very slightly with their forefingers just enough to
drink the liquid but not the leaves
In Japan, Tea drinking follows a very strict ritual that was set down in the 15th Century
by the first great master, Shuko. This tea ceremony is still performed today. Guest must wash
their hands and faces and remove their shows before entering the tearoom through a low
doorway that forces them to stoop and appear humble. As the guest kneel or sit crossed
legged on mats, the host places a spoonful of powdered green tea into a special bowl, adds
boiling water and then stirs it with a bamboo whisk. In early ceremonies guest drink in the
same bowl but later the host served it in individual bowls. The guest sips the tea slowly, they are
expected to throw back their heads and take a final sip with a loud sound to show how good the
tea is.
In the UK, the British like to be formal and dignified when they serve tea. They served black
tea in China cups with handles and matching saucers. In Britain, tea is made in a pot, using one
teaspoonful of tea leaves for each cup plus one extra teaspoonful for the pot. Boiling water is
poured into a pot, and the tea is left for about 5 minutes before the host pours for the guest
.
Many interesting tea customs have developed over the centuries. In India, for example, you
might drink tea with a lot of milk, sugar, cinnamon and cardamom. The Burmese soak tea leaves
in oil and garlic and eat this mixture with dried fish. In Thailand, people chew tea leaves
seasoned with salt and other spices. Iran, perfumed tea is a favorite. It is made by leaving
flowers or herbs in the tea container for several days. In Morocco, tea is prepared in bras or
silver teapot to which sugar and mint are added. Then the tea is served in small glasses with
mint leaves. If guests accept an offer of tea, they are expected to drink at least three glasses.
Regardless of where and how tea is prepared and served, many people consider it to be an
important part of their social life. Having a cup of tea provides reason of getting together and
sharing a moment of conversation. Tea may no longer be considered a sacred cure for all
illness, but it is a remedy for both the body and the spirit in our sometimes frantic lives.
B. VOCABULARY - liked, admired, or enjoyed by many people or by a
1. Popular (ฮิต)
particular person or group.
2. Aromatic (หอมหวน) - having a pleasant and distinctive smell.
3. Medical (ทางการแพทย์) - relating to the science of medicine.
4. Merchant (พ่อค้า) - a retail trader; a store owner.
5. Beverage (เครื่องดื่ม) - a drink, especially one other than water.
6. Humble (อ่อนน้อมถ่อมตน) - low estimate of one's own importance.
7. Whisk (ปัด) - beat or stir with a light rapid movement.
8. Mixture (สารผสม) - a substance made by mixing other substances
together.
9. Container (ผอก) - an object that can be used to hold or transport
something.
10. Frantic (บ้า) - wild or distraught with fear, anxiety, or other emotion
Activity 1. Circle the letter of the corr
ect answer
1. Tea ________________________________.
a. is taken in much the same way everywhere.
b. has led to the development of many different customs.
c. was popular as a social drink before used as a remedy.
d. is popular in every country.
2. The tea ceremony in Japan ______________________.
a. is formal and complicated.
b. is similar to the British was of serving tea.
c. was borrowed from the Chinese.
d. is practiced whenever the Japanese drink tea.
3. Regardless of the country, tea is __________________.
a. an important part of social life.
b. served very formally.
c. always offered to guests.
d. used as a medicine
Activity 2. Circle T if the sentences is true, circle F if the sentences is false.
Correct the false sentences.
1. Tea was first used as a medicine in China and Japan. TF
__________________________________________________. TF
TF
2. Drinking tea never became an important part of Chinese life. TF
__________________________________________________. TF
3. The British drink tea only in the morning and evening .
__________________________________________________.
4. In India, you might get cardamom in your tea.
__________________________________________________.
5. In Morocco, a guest is expected to drink only one glass of tea.
__________________________________________________.
C. GRAMMAR
ADVERB OF FREQUENCY
These Adverbs are used to show the duration or timing of the action that is
happening/had happened/will happen. They also tell us how often and how long
these actions would be.
There are two types: An adverb that describes definite frequency is one such
as weekly/every week, daily/every day, or yearly/every year, etc. An adverb describing
indefinite frequency doesn’t specify an exact time frame; examples are always,
usually, sometimes, often, etc.
1. DEFINITE FREQUENCY - Adverbs of definite frequency occur at the beginning or
the end of a
sentence.
• The library is open every day.
• Every day, some employees go out for lunch.
• He visits his grandpapa every two weeks.
• The moon waxes and wanes every month.
• This medicine is to be taken hourly.
2. INDEFINITE FREQUENCY - Adverbs of indefinite frequency occur in the middle of
the sentence.
Where exactly it is placed depends on the type of verbs in the sentence. 2.1. An
adverb of frequency goes
before a main verb (except with to Be).
Subject + adverb + main verb
• I always sremember to do my homework
• He normally gets good marks in exams
2.2. An adverb of frequency goes after the verb To Be.
Subject + to be + adverb
• They are never pleased to see me.
• She isn’t usually bad tempered.
2.3. When we use an auxiliary verb (have, will, must, might, could, would, can,
etc.), the adverb is
placed between the auxiliary and the main verb. This is also true for to be.
Subject + auxiliary + adverb + main verb
• He can sometimesbeat me in a race
• I wouldhardly ever be unkind to someone
• They might neversee each other again
• They could occasionallybe heard laughing.
2.4. We can also use the following adverbs at the start of a sentence:
Usually, normally, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally
• Occasionally, I like to eat Thai food.
2.5. BUT we cannot use the following at the beginning of a sentence:
Always, seldom, rarely, hardly, ever, never.
2.6. We use hardly ever and never with positive, not negative verbs:
• She hardly ever comes to my parties.
• They never say 'thank you’.
2.7. We use ever in questions and negative statements:
• Have you ever been to New Zealand?
• I haven't ever been to Switzerland. (The same as 'I have never been
Switzerland').
Exercise 1
1. Our teacher, Mrs. Jones, (never / be) late for lessons.
2. I (often / clean) my bedroom at the weekend.
3. My brother (hardly ever / help) me with my homework.
4. I (sometimes / be) bored in the math lessons.
5. We (rarely / watch) football on TV.
6. You and Tony (never / play) computer games with me.
7. You (usually / be) at the sports center on Sunday.
8. The school bus (always / arrive) at half past eight.
D. SPEAKING ACTIVITY
(CONSONANT CLUSTER)
A consonant cluster, consonant sequence or consonant compound, is a group of
consonants which have no intervening vowel. It is also called consonant blend which are
groups of two or three consonants in words that makes a distinct consonant sound.
TRIGRAPHS: is a group of three characters used to represent a single sound or a
combination of sounds
that does not correspond to the written letters combined.
1. sch - schedule, scholar, school 6. spr – sprain, spring, sprite
2. scr – scram, scroll, screw 7. squ – squat, squirrel, squid
3. shr – shrank, shrub, shrimp 8. str – straight, strong, stripe
4. sph – sphere, sphinx, spherical 9. thr – thrash, threw, throne
5. spl – splashm split, splendor
E. WRITING ACTIVITY (Homework)
1. Write an essay about your culture and how it is different from other countries.
2. Give examples of unique culture to us that can never be found anywhere else.
3. Use the adverb of frequency in your essay.
4. Font should be Times New Romans, font size is 12, double space. Write at
least 800 words.
Unit 5: FOOD CUSTOMS IN IRAN
A. READING TEXT
Food customs around the world are strongly connected
toculture, tradition, and geography. We can see this in my
country, Iran. It has a variable climate, which gives us the
advantage of having a large variety of foods to eat. However,
what we eat is still influenced by our traditions and
geography, as we can see in the similarities and differences
between the north and south Iran.
Many of the food customs are similar everywhere in the
country. For example, in both northern and southern Iran,
food is eaten with one’s hand and a piece of bread instead of using utensils. Rice is an important
staple food in Iran, and it is a part of almost every meal in both the north and the south. Another
similarity between the north and the south is eating fish, since both areas are near seas: The
Caspian Sea in the north and the Persian Gulf in the south.
Because the north of Iran is quite different from the south, there are several differences in
eating habits between the two areas, northern Iran faces Caspian Sea where we find special fish
from which the famous caviar is made, which northerners love to eat. Because of the
Mediterranean climate in the north, rice is one of the major crops, and it plays an important role
at the table on northern Iran. It is served at all ceremonies. As a tradition, northerners conduct a
rice ceremony every year by putting rice twigs in the paddy and singing songs. In southern Iran,
which faces the Persian Gulf, a variety of seafood, especially the white fish, make up the favorite
dishes. Although rice is important ad a part of most meals, the south is better known for its
vegetables and fruits. Dates, in particular, are important and are a major export to Western
countries.
In conclusion, Iran is a large country with a diverse geography an
d people. As in all large
countries, a
variety of customs can be found on all points of the compass. Food customs in particular are
influenced by
climate and location, making Iran a very interesting country in which to live and eat.
B. VOCABULARY - the prevailing trend of public opinion or of another
1. Climate (ภูมิประเทศ)
aspect of public life.
2. Advantage (ความได้เปรียบ) - the opportunity to gain something; benefit or profit.
3. Geography (ภูมิศาสตร์) - is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands,
features,
inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets.
4. Utensil (เครื่องมือ) - an implement, container, or other article, especially for
household use.
5. Staple (แกน) - a main or important element of something
6. Major (สําคัญ) - important, serious, or significant.
7. Tradition (ประเพณี) - the transmission of customs or beliefs from generation
to generation, or
the fact of being passed on in this way.
8. Variety (ความหลากหลาย) - a thing which differs in some way from others of the
same general class or sort; a type.
9. Diverse (หลากหลาย) - showing a great deal of variety; very different.
10. Influence (มีอิทธิพล) - the capacity to have an effect on the character,
development, or behavior of someone or something, or the effect itself.
Activity 1. Write the correct answer in the blank. Use the words in the vocabulary
section.
1. Frank was a good __________________ to her.
2. The use of drugs is a ______________ problem all over the world.
3. The ________________ of Thailand is very unique.
4. Nina went to the thrift store to buy some cooking _____________.
5. It is part of their _________________ to offer food for their dead relatives every all souls day.
6. Rice is the ____________ food in Asia.
7. Philippines has a culturally ________________ population.
8. The current economic ____________ of the country is really good so far.
9. The companies with a computerized database are at an ______________.
10. The center offers a _________________ of leisure activities.
C. GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Present perfect tense is used to identify the connection between the present and the past.
The time that something happened was before or in the past, but is not clearly stated. And pay
more attention to the outcome than the action itself.
Present perfect tense ใช้เพื่อระบุความเชื่อมโยงระหวางปัจจุบันและอดีต เวลาที่สิ่งนั่น ๆ เกิดขึ้น คือ ก่อนหน้านี้
หรือในอดีตแต่ไม่ได้ ระบุไว้อย่างชัดเจน และให้ความสนใจกบผลลัพธ์มากกว่าตัวการกระทำเอง
PRESENT PERFECT is used to described:
1. What started in the past and continues to do today (สิ่งที่เริ่มต้นทำในอดีตและยังคงทำต่อเนื่องมา
จนถึงปัจจุบัน)
- They haven't lived here for years.
- She has worked in the bank for five years.
- We have had the same car for ten years.
- Have you played the piano since you were a child?
2. When the period referred to has not yet been completed (เมื่อช่วงระยะเวลาที่อ้างถึงยังไม่เสร็จสิ้น)
- I have worked hard this week.
- It has rained a lot this year.
- We haven't seen her today.
3. A repetitive occurrence in a specific time between the past and the present. (สิ่งที่เกิดขึ้นซ้ำ ๆ ในช่วง
เวลา ใดเวลาหนึ่งที่ไม่ได้ระบุไว้อยางเจาะจงระหว่างอดีตและปัจจุบัน)
- They have seen that film six times
- It has happened several times already.
- She has visited them frequently.
- We have eaten at that restaurant many times.
4. Something that was just done a moment ago (+ just). (สิ่งที่พึ่งทำเสร็จไปเมื่อสักครู่ที่ผ่านมา(+ just)
- Have you just finished work?
- I have just eaten.
- We have just seen her.
- Has he just left?
5. Certain actions for which time are not important or clearly identified indicators. (การกระทำบางอย่าง
ที่เวลาไม่ใช่ตัวบ่งชี้ที่สำคัญหรือไม่ได้ระบุไว้อย่างชัดเจน)
- Someone has eaten my soup!
- Have you seen 'Gone with the Wind'?
- She's studied Japanese, Russian, and English.
D. WRITING ACTIVITY ( Homework)
1. Compare and contrast the food in two areas or regions of your country.
2. Font should be Times New Romans, font size is 12, double space. Write at least 800 words.
E. SPEAKING ACTIVITY
1. Report to the class the food in your country
Unit 6: ENGLISH AROUND
THE WORLD
A. READING TEXT
Do you speak English? That question is frequently
asked in countries around the world. Although there are
almost 3,000 languages, English is the most universal. It is
the official language in over 40 countries and the most used
language in international business, science and medicine.
Even in countries where English is not the first
language, a number of English words are used. No other
language is borrowed from more often than English. For
example, a French worker looks forward to le weekend. A
Romanian shopper catches a ride on the trolleybus.
A Chinese
businessperson talks to on the te le fung (telephone). Some Swedish school girls have started
making plural forms of words b
y adding –s, as in English, instead of the Swedish was of adding –ar, -
or, or –er.
Hundreds of words borrowed from English can now be found in other languages, words such as
soda, hotel, gold, tennis, jeans, O.K., baseball and airport. Although many words are used as they are,
others are changed to make them more like the native language and therefor easier to say and
remember. Thus, a Japanese worker gets stuck in rushawa (rush-hour) traffic. A Spanish mother tells
her child to put on her suiter (sweater), and a Ukrainian man goes to the barber for a herkot (haircut).
English is everywhere. It is on signs, clothing, soft drinks and household products around the
world. In spite of the popularity of English words and phrases, however, they are not always welcome.
Some people think that the use of English words is threatening the purity of their native language, in
1975, the French started a commission to try to top and even give fines for, the use of English words.
Some countries have tried to eliminate English as their official language in order to save their native
tongue.
On the other hand, some people believe that English should be the international language. They
give a number of reasons for this, such as, the cost of translation and misunderstandings that result
from language differences. They believe that things would run more smoothly if everyone spoke the
same language.
“What would become of our many different culture?” others argue. “certainly the world
would be a much less interesting place,” they add. Indeed, there are serious concern on the part of
language experts that many languages are disappearing. In some parts of the world, only a few
people are left who can speak the native tongue, In Ireland, for example, there are only a few small
areas where people speak Gaelic, the native Irish language. One expert says that half of the world’s
languages are dying because children are no longer learning them.
Languages have changed and disappeared throughout history. With progress, change is
inevitable. Some things are worth preserving. Others are not. The difficulty is in deciding what
isworth keeping. Because people have a very strong feeling about the importance of their native
language, we probably will not have a universal language in the near future. What is certain,
however, is that English worlds will continue to pop-up everywhere, from Taiwan to Timbuktu,
whether some people like it or not
B. VOCABULARY - regularly or habitually; often.
- take and use (something that belongs to someone
1. Frequently (บ่อยๆ) - in danger
2. Borrow (ยืม) - punishment in the form of taking money.
else) with - remove/ get rid of
the intention of returning it. - worry
3. Threatened (คุกคาม) - in decline and about to disappear.
4. Fines (ปรับโทษ) - impossible to stop
5. Eliminate (กําจัด) - take care of/ keep
6. Concern (กังวล) - appear
7. Dying (เฮือกสุดท้าย)
8. Inevitable (แน่นอน)
9. Preserve (อนุรักษ์)
10. Pop up (ปรากฏ)
Activity 1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in capital
letters. You may use your dictionary.
1. UNDERSTAND
a. It is understandable that some people dislike foreign words in their language.
b. I ___________________ instructions because they used many words that I knew from English.
2. SPEAK
b. English is ___________ in many countries around the world.
c. ____________ English can help you in business, science, and medicine.
3. THREAT
a. Some people feel that English is a __________ to their own native language.
b. Others feel that English does not ______________ other languages but can be an international
language.
C. SPEAKING ACTIVITY
TAG QUESTIONS
Tag questions are something like negative questions. They are used when someone thinks he or
she knows an answer and wants confirmation. There are two very commonly used types of tag
questions--one
made from affirmative (+) sentences, the other made from negative (-) sentences:
• He's from Italy, isn't he? /He isn't from Italy, is he?
• She speaks Estonian, doesn't she? /She doesn't speak Estonian, does she? • They'd left when you
arrived, hadn't they? /They hadn't left when you arrived, had they?
TAG QUESTIONS (INTONATION)
1. Falling Intonation
When someone asks a tag question and the question tag has falling intonation, the person who
asks the questions is fairly sure that the statement before the tag ending is correct. Because the
person asking the question is not 100% sure, however, he or she still wants confirmation.
• I have told you not to run, haven't I? (Mother telling her son after her son falls.)
• It is a beautiful view, isn't it? (...We are all enjoying it.)
• You know I hate this movie, don't you? (...And yet we are watching it.)
2. Rising Intonation
When someone asks a tag question and the tag has rising intonation, in a rising intonation the
speaker is not as confident of his/her statement and he/she is asking the other person to find out
about it.
• He didn't go to school yesterday, did he? (Did he really go to school yesterday?)
• Jack paid for the dinner, didn't he? (I hope he paid for the dinner... did he?)
• You told her I wasn't going to the party, didn't you? (Did you forget to tell her?)
Exercise 1. Circle the correct intonation
1. Cebu is the capital of Thailand, isn’t it?
2. Terrible weather, isn’t it?
3. She speaks Russian, doesn’t she?
4. He is from Surat, isn’t he?
5. English is difficult, isn’t it?
D. WRITING ACTIVITY (homework)
1. Write an essay. Why have languages disappeared throughout history? Give some example
2. Use the present continuous and present simple in the paragraph.
3. Font should be Times New Romans, font size is 12, double space. Write at least 800 words.
References:
16 tenses in English grammar (Formula and examples). (2020, June 4).
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Adverbs of frequency. (2020, April 3). English Grammar Games and Notes - Woodward
English. https://www.grammar.cl/Basic/Adverbs_Frequency.htm
Blends, digraphs, trigraphs, and other letter combinations. (n.d.). Enchanted Learning
https://www.ench antedlearning.com/consonantblends/
Broukal, M. (2015). Weaving it together 3. Heinle & Heinle Pub.
English Tutor. (2019, July 17). Adverbs of frequency | 2 types of adverbs of frequency with
useful examples. ESL Grammar. https://eslgrammar.org/adverbs-of-frequency/
Linking vowel to vowel. (n.d.). EnglishClub - Learn or Teach English Today.
https://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/linking-3.htm
Mega goal 6 student book). ชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปี ที 6: หนังสือเรียน รายวิชาพื้นฐาน ภาษาอังกฤษ กลุ่มสาระการเรียนรู้
ภาษาต่างประเทศ ตามหลักสูตรแกนกลางการศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐาน พุทธศักราช 2551. (2012
Shrives, C. (n.d.). Regular verbs | What are regular verbs? Free English Grammar Lessons and
Tests. https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/regular_verbs.htm
There is there are - English grammar rules. (2020, February 8). English Grammar Games and
Notes - Woodward English. https://www.grammar.cl/Present/ThereIsThereAre.htm
Understanding and using tag questions (#3). (n.d.). Home Page –
ESL. https://www.eslcafe.com/resources/grammar-lessons/tag-questions/understanding and-
using-tag-questions-3