Full Guide to Employment as a Pilot

FULL GUIDE TO EMPLOYMENT

PILOT

In This Guide

01 02

JOB DESCRIPTION LIFESTYLE OF A
PILOT: A DAY IN
03 THE LIFE

BECOMING A 04
CERTIFIED PILOTPILOT:
A DAY IN THE LIFE LICENSE
REQUIREMENTS
05
06
MEDICAL
REQUIREMENTS THE IATRA
EXAM
07
08
HOW MUCH
CAN I EARN? START-UP
COSTS
09

FINDING
EMPLOYMENT



JOB
DESCRIPTION

A Pilot is the person in charge of Lufthansa in Europe, flying your roster stability and working
flying an Airplane. approximately 60 to 80 hours per times can vary quite much. Big
month and receive their roster cargo airlines such as DHL, FedEx
Is This Job For You? around the 15th of the month. and UPS have bed bunks on board
Depending on which type of which are a nice perk.
Many youngsters are dreaming aircraft you will mainly fly long
of becoming an airline pilot, and haul or short haul routes. Military Pilot
let’s be honest, maybe you have
dreamed about that too? Flying Low-Cost Airline Being a military pilot is a very
shiny jets, travelling around the Pilot different job compared to our
world and working with beautiful first 3 civil pilot jobs described
flight attendants every day, who Low-Cost Airlines (Southwest above. Flying in the military can
wouldn’t dream of having such Airlines, JetBlue Airlines, Ryanair be a very exciting, rewarding job
a job!? and EasyJet for example) are but also requires you to sacrifice
In the next 6 articles we will dig known for having a business a lot. Examples of Military Pilot
deeper into the Aviation world model with lower overhead costs jobs are being a F-18 fighter pilot,
and look at all the details of how compared to Mainline Airlines. As navy helicopter pilot or DC-10
to become a pilot as well as what a pilot for a Low-Cost Airline, you freighter pilot. The advantages
kind of jobs you can get as a pilot. will fly 80 to 100 hours per month of being a military pilot can be
and your remuneration package high job satisfaction, low training
Mainline Airline is most of the time based on how costs (as it will be funded by
Pilot much you fly. If you fly more then the government in most of the
90 hours per month your salary countries) and job variety. In
First of all, you can become a will be similar as a Mainline Airline order to become a military pilot,
Mainline Airline Pilot, definitely Pilot, however if you fly less then you’ll need to have above average
the most popular type of job 60 hours per month you will earn manual flying skills, be very
under aviation enthusiacst, but at least 30% less. focused and decide between life
why? The biggest advantage or death in a split second.
Mainline Airlines pilots have Cargo Pilot
is roster stability, a good Corporate Pilot
remuneration package and job As a cargo pilot you will fly freight
security. Mainline Airline Pilots instead of passengers. There are As a Corporate Aviation Pilot, you
are working for Air Canada, not many differences in flying are working in generally smaller,
Delta Airlines and for example passengers or cargo, however private types of aircraft. It is a very
interesting pilot job and one that

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gives you lots of freedom, but last-minute roster changes, but it means that on Monday you could
also comes with roster instability gives you a very rewarding and fly for Air Canada and Tuesday
and many extra responsibilities exciting job in return! you will fly for another airline!
(creating flight plans, arranging Never a day the same!
transport for the client and Charter Pilot As you can see there are many
refueling the aircraft manually different pilot jobs in the world!
for example). As a Corporate As a Charter Operation Pilot, you Always wondered how it is to be
Aviation Pilot, you have generally are flying passengers or freight, a pilot? In the next article we will
more“standby”duties where you similar to our first 3 category pilot describe the lifestyle of a Pilot,
don’t know where you going to jobs. The main difference is that especially a mainline Airline Pilot!
end up. As a Corporate Aviation a Charter Operator gets hired to So, stay tuned, sit back, relax and
Pilot, you need to deal with many fly for “mother companies”. That enjoy the flight.

PILOT 5

LIFESTYLE OF
A PILOT

This is what the day-to-day whole day of work!
lifestyle of a Pilot looks like.
06:30LT
04:30LT
Sign on Time – Sign on Time is
Prrrt Prrrrt Prrrt – Your alarm will normally the time that you report
ring on a typical day very early in at your airline, completely ready
the morning! Don’t snooze too for the flight. You will introduce
much as you need to prepare yourself to your pilot colleagues
many things for your flight! (short flights are normally flown
with a Captain and First Officer.
05:00LT Long haul flights however can
be manned with more than 2
“Preparation Prevents Poor pilots) and cabin crew. Together
Performance” - You just took a with the rest of the crew you
shower, had a morning coffee and will have a second look through
logged in the company website to the paperwork, and discuss any
check the flight plan, weather and threats for the flight!
possible airport closures, called
“NOTAMS”(Notice to Airmen). On 07:00LT
the flight plan you will find the
flight time, route for the flight, Arriving at the aircraft – Now the
possible diversions, number of fun part begins!You arrived at the
passenger and how much fuel you aircraft together with the rest of
will take. Weather and possible the crew. As a pilot you will setup
airport closures is very important and prepare the aircraft ready to
to check, as this can influence fly! This will be based on the flight
how much fuel you will take plan that you received from your
with you. Did you know that the Company. On a typical day one
final fuel decision, is always made pilot will be the “Pilot Flying –
by the pilots? In Aviation there called PF”and the other pilot will
is a famous saying: “Preparation be the “Pilot Monitoring – PM”.
Prevents Poor Performance”, so as This ensures effective teamwork,
a pilot you need lots of patience as it is completely normal to make
and preparation throughout your mistakes, therefore you work as a

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team! Teamwork, together with checks, communicating with same day, but some are lucky
“SOPs” (Standard Operational ATC and cabin crew if needed. enough to enjoy rest time at
Procedures), will ensure that the Approximately 2 hours before a destination, or also called
aircraft is setup accordingly for the landing, the pilots will “outport”. This rest can typically
the flight! “SOPs” are trained in start preparing the approach last 24 to 48 hours!
the simulator every 6 months, and possible diversion route’s
and once every year during a – Followed by an “Approach 18:30LT
“Line-Check”. Briefing”.
Rest time – After you arrive at
08:00LT 16:30LT the hotel you can start your rest!
As you can see working days for
Departure Time – Once the Landing – It’s start to descend and pilots can be long and tiring, and
passengers are onboard and start the approach for landing – you definitely need to take rest
you are ready for the flight you You need to be focused, even after your flight. During your
will taxi to the active runway after a long flight! After the rest time at a destination, or
and start the flight – Take Off! landing you will taxi to the gate also called “layover” there is time
The “Pilot Monitoring” will talk and perform final checklists to to rest, and sometimes time to
with ATC, Company Operations secure the aircraft safely. explore the destination. But it is
and performing checklists, all in essential that you show up fully
according with “SOPs” of course! 17:30LT rested for your return flight!

09:00LT Transportation – Not every pilot
ends up at a sunny destination!
Cruising – In the cruise phase Some pilots doing“Turn Around”
the pilots are performing fuel flights where they fly back the

PILOT 7

BECOMING
A CERTIFIED
PILOT

There are multiple ways to flight license in the quickest way
become a certified Pilot. First of possible.
all, you’ll need to set your future
goals: Would you like to fly for fun, Modular Flight
or become a commercial Pilot and Training Course
earn money with flying?
Another way to become a certified
Integrated Flight Pilot, is to apply for a “Modular
Training Course Flight Training Course”. A Flight
Training course is normally
Keep in mind that pilot training subdivided in different modules.
is expensive so you really need A Modular Flight Training Course
to look into this! If you prefer to gives you the possibility to
finish you training in a relative complete the modules one at a
short amount of time (within time. This gives you more time
2 years) you are probably best to complete your training, and
of doing an “Integrated Flight most of the times results in a
Training Course”. From the lower price for the training.
website of Transport Department
an integrated flight training Sponsored Training
course is: ‘An approved course of
pilot training developed using Keep in mind there are some
principles of instructional systems Sponsored Training options set
design, in which all instructional up by Airlines all over the world.
stages are completed as one This is definitely worth the time
continuous course, and in which to look into, as it results in a
ground and flight training reduced training cost and more
elements are interrelated and job security after finishing your
sequenced to provide for efficient flight training! Things to keep
achievement of the learning in mind is to be prepared for
objectives’. In short, an Integrated the application process, as the
Flight Training Course is a competition and failure rate is
continuous course that ensures higher than a regular Integrated
efficiency and achieving your FlightTraining Course. Most of the

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times Airlines will train student
pilots up to a MPL (“Multi Pilot
License”) after they finished their
Sponsored Training.

Military Training

Most countries allow their citizen
to apply for their Airforce. This is
great way of becoming a Pilot
without risking high financial
burden of Flight Training. Keep
in mind however, that Military
Flying is completely different
to Civil Aviation. You will need
to make split second decision
regarding life and death and can
be stationed overseas multiple
months of the year. If you can
cope with all these things, joining
the Military is a great way of
becoming a Pilot! Many Military
pilots need to retire before their
45th birthday and applying for
their commercial flight licenses.
This gives them the right to work
for private companies for 15 to 20
more years!

Private Pilot
Training

If you solely want to fly for fun, you
can apply for Private PilotTraining.
This is a relatively short course of
6 to 12 months, after which you
are able to fly modern lightweight
aircraft. It is a fun way to get to
know Aviation and decide if you
want to continue your dream to
become a professional Pilot!
To summarize things up, there
are multiple ways to become a
certified Pilot. In order to make
a well-informed decision you’ll
need to write down your aviation
goals, visit different flight schools
and try to connect with current
student pilots. Every form of pilot
training has its own benefits and
you are the best person to know
which school fits you the most!

PILOT 9

LICENSE
REQUIREMENTS

Here we will look at the • The Applicant must be at • Successfully completed the
requirements and process to least 17 years old during Private Pilot Flight Test
obtain a Private Pilot License Application
(PPL), a Commercial Pilot License • R e c e i v e d a p p r o p r i a t e
(CPL), a Multi-Pilot Crew License • You must have a valid Instru ment and Navigation
(MPL) and a Air Transport Pilot Category 1 or 3 Medical Training
License (ATPL). Certificate
Getting yourself a PPL License is
Private Pilot License • Minimum of 45 hours of definitely recommended if you
(PPL) Ground School have any doubt if you want to
fly commercially. It can set you
PPL License holders are endorsed • Successfully completed the up very well for a future career
to fly, without the goal of flying Transport Canada Private in Aviation, without risking a big
commercially. Pilot Written Exam. The (financial) investment.
The minimum requirements of minimum passing mark is
achieving a Private Pilot License 60%. Commercial Pilot
are: License (CPL)
• Minimum of 25 hours Dual
Flight Training A CPL license allows you to fly for

• Minimum of 20 hours Solo
Flight Training

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hire or reward on a single pilot least 21 years old during 2006. It provides the opportunity
airplane. application to train pilots for a specific aircraft
• Valid Category 1 Medical as First Officer, for a specific airline.
The minimum requirements of Certificate Over the last 10 years this is used
achieving a Commercial Pilot • Minimum of 1500 hours for many student pilots in Europe,
License are: total flight time of which 900 hired directly by their employer
hours in aircraft as cadet (student pilot without
Minimum of 200 hours flight time • 250 hours pilot-in-command previous flight experience). A MPL
and 100 hours as Pilot Command. time license is comparable with a CPL
It must include 20 hours cross- • The PIC time shall include a license, however it comes with
country. Cross-country means a minimum of 100 hours cross- various restrictions - you won’t be
flight from A to B where the use of country flight time of which able to fly as a single pilot crew in
dead reckoning, navigation aids, a minimum 25 hours at night General Aviation with this license
radio aids or other navigation • 100 hours night flight time as for example.
systems is used PIC or as a First Officer
• 75 hours instrument flight CPL Vs. ATPL
• Minimum of 80 hours of time
ground school • Within 12 months before CPL is a Commercial Pilot License,
the ATPL application date, and allows you to act as a Pilot
• Minimum 18 years of age an applicant shall do a in Command of a charter or
• Class 1 Medical is needed multi-engine airplane their corporate flight. With a CPL you
• Meet all the minimum proficiency probably haven’t reached 750
• Meet all the minimum hours, thus in order to fly as a First
requirements to apply for a requirements to apply for a Officer in a multi-crew aircraft
PPL li-cense CPL license you’ll need to complete your
IATRA written test first. After 1500
Airline Transport Multi-Crew Pilot flight hours and meeting the ATPL
Pilot License (ATPL) License (MPL) requirements – which we will be
talking about later in this article
An Airline Transport Pilot License The Multi-Crew Pilot License is – you will be able to reach the
allows you to fly as a Captain of a the most recent form of licensing, highest level of pilot certification!
multi crew airplane. created by the International Civil An ATPL license allows you to fly
Aviation Organization (ICAO) in as a Captain of a multi crew type
The minimum requirements of of aircraft.
achieving an Airline Transport
Pilot License:

• The Applicant must be at

PILOT 11

MEDICAL
REQUIREMENTS

In order to keep your Flight License • Hemoglobin level
valid a Pilot needs to hold a valid • Chest X-ray
Medical License. Depending on • Urine check
your Flight License you’ll need • Vision and Hearing test
either a Class 1, Class 2, Class 3 Don’t worry about having a
or Class 4 medical in Canada. In perfect vision. The days where
this article we will describe the Pilots need to have perfect vision
various Medical Licenses and are long gone! Pilots must have
specific requirements. Don’t normal color vision and must
stress too much about the have correctable vision to 20/20
medical requirements though, if
you are generally healthy, there is Medical Class 3
a high chance you will pass your
Medical Check! If you hold a PPL license, you’ll
need a valid Medical Class 3 to
Medical Class 1 keep your license current. This
Canadian Medical Class 3 is the
If you hold a ATPL or CPL license equivalent of a Class 2 medical
you will need to apply for a for EASA and ICAO Aviation
Medical Class 1. A Medical Class Authorities.
1 license is valid for 12 months A Medical Class 3 license is valid
under the age of 40, and 6 months for 5 years under the age of 40,
once you are older than 40 years. and 2 years once you are older
A Medical Class 1 test normally than 40 years.
takes approximately 4 hours, and The following checks will include
is done at an Aviation Medical a Class 3 check:
Examiner (AME). The following • Basic Physical Examination
checks will include a Class 1 • Medical History
check: • Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Basic Physical Examination • Lung Function
• Medical History • Urine check
• Electrocardiogram (ECG) • Vision and Hearing test
• Lung Function
• Cholesterol level

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PILOT 13

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PILOT 15

THE IATRA
EXAM

IATRA stands for “Individual on the legal aspect of Aviation. an Airbus A350 and B737 classic
Aeroplane Type Rating”. Where a It can be a tough subject as it for example! To understand the
“Type Rating”is normally required is theoretical, but essential to working, risks and possibilities
to fly a specific aircraft, the IATRA master before you can become of the current generation Flight
written test is a general exam, a Pilot. Instruments it is important to
required for Pilots with less than spend a good amount of time
750 flight hours to fly as a First Aircraft Systems studying this subject.
Officer in a multi-crew aircraft. navigationThe subject Navigation
The IATRA written exam is Airframes, Engines, Propellers is needed to guide Pilots how to
comparable with the ATPL written and Aircraft Systems is a rather fly from A to B, so you can imagine
test. If a Pilot holds more than technical focused subject. this is a very important subject as
750 flight hours, an ATPL exam is It describes the method of well. In this subject the working of
required to fly as a First Officer in designing airframes, fuel and VOR, ADF and DME is explained,
a multi-crew type of aircraft. After hydraulic systems, and the but also newer approach systems
1500 flight hours a First Officer difference between Jet and like GLS, ILS and RNP.
can apply for a full ATPL License. Propellor engines.
Radio
Validity Meteorology Communications

Keep in mind that the IATRA Meteorology is playing a vital role Radio Communications with
written test is only valid for 2 in Aviation, therefore it’s a subject ATC is a vital part of a Pilot’s job,
years. You need to complete a that requires lots of time and effort therefore this is an important
Type Rating on a specific aircraft to master. Meteorology will look subject for student pilots. Most
certified with minimum of 2 crew into different air masses, weather of the student pilots do enjoy
before the 2 years are over, in charts, jet streams, turbulence,
order to become qualified as a windshear and microbursts.
First Officer on that specific type. flight instruments Flight
The IATRA written test contains Instruments is a technical focused
the following subjects: subject that describes the
technology from Instrumentation
Air Laws & Procedures over time. Flight Instruments in
2021 are looking completely
Air Law and Procedures focusses different as 25 years ago; have a
look to the difference between

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learning more about Radio Human Factors
Communications as it’s a very
practical subject. Human Factors plays a very
important role in modern
Flight Operations Aviation. Approximately 80
percent of airplane accidents are
Flight Operations plays a vital part due to human error, and therefore
in the planning, preparation and it is vital to learn more about the
guidance of a flight. The Flight relationship between Human and
Operations department prepares Machine.
a Flight Plan, Weather Forecast
and Fuel Planning. As commercial Preparation
Pilots are working every day
with their Flight Operations The minimum passing mark for
Department it’s important to the IATRA written test is 70%. To
learn more Flight Operations prepare for the IATRA written test
during your IATRA preparation. there is lots of good and useful
information to find at the website
Theory Of Flight of the Canadian Transport
Department (https://tc.canada.
Theory of Flight is an interesting ca/) under the tab “Study and
but difficult subject for Flight Reference Guide for IATRA”.
Students, heavily relying on Additional references produced
physics and math. Why does an by commercial publishers can be
aircraft wing produce lift? What is obtained online or through local
a stall? What is the lift coefficient flying training organizations.
made of? All these questions
will be answered in the subject
Theory of Flight.

PILOT 17

HOW MUCH
CAN I EARN?

Let’s talk about money! Whilst an 10th Year
experienced Pilot can definitely
make a good living, the days where Mainline Airline - $7,500/ month
you had long layovers, a very Low-cost Carrier - $3,500/ month
high salary and special benefits
are definitely gone. Becoming a Productivity Pay
Pilot is hard work, requires lots of
dedication and sacrifice. If you are On top of your Base Pay most
willing to spend time away from Pilots will earn Productivity
home, prepare for flights and Pay. This a salary based on how
simulator checks and stay up to much flying hours you fly. As
date with the latest technology a professional Pilot you can
developments, it is still possible expect to fly anything between
to make a good living though. 40 and 100 hours per month (the
Base PayLet’s start with the first average is generally 70 hours
element of a Pilot salary: Base per month). Every airline has
Pay. Base Pay is a guaranteed a minimum Productivity level
minimum salary to be paid out to which is approximately 45 hours
the Pilot without flying at all. That per month. If you fly more than
means if you are sick, on leave 45 hours per month you will start
or not able to fly you’ll receive to earn money per flight hour, on
your Base Pay. Mainline Airlines top of your base pay. Productivity
generally have a higher base pay Pay can range anywhere between
than low-cost carriers and charter $15 to $45 per hour. Productivity
companies. To give an indication Pay will increase over the years
of the difference in base pay we of service, similar to Base Pay.
will give you a comparison in Base Example: As a Low-cost Carrier
Pay salary of a Mainline Airline Pilot flying 75 hours per month,
and low-cost carrier after joining you will earn $2.100 per month
and 10 years of flying. in year 1 (based on $20/hour
Productivity Pay) and $4.700 per
1st Year month in year 10 (based on $40/
hour Productivity Pay).
Mainline Airline - $2,500/ month
Low-cost Carrier - $1,500/ month

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Retirement restrictions regarding bringing airport. This can be close to your
in for example meat, fruit, cheese home, but sometimes require you
Mainline Airline - $15,000/ month and bread in countries – and save to move to a different country. If
Low-cost Carrier - $10,000/ month up the money, and some crew like the cost of living at your “Home
to spend it on souvenirs and food! Base” is above average your
Allowances To summarize things up, the salary Airline might consider to include
of a pilot consists of: Base Pay, a “Housing Allowance” in your
Whenever you are on layover, Productivity Pay and Allowances. salary. This is completely optional
you’ll need to spend money that Depending on your Airline the and not every Airline will include
you normally wouldn’t spend exact numbers will vary a bit, this in a Pilot’s paycheck!
at home, which will be covered but after approximately 10 years In our next and final article, we
by your airline in the form of of flying experience you will be will discuss the investments
Allowance! This is normally a able to earn between $80.000 and you need to make to become
payment per night away from $120.000! a Pilot! Let us know if you have
home, varying between $15 and any comments on our article,
$65 depending on your airline. Housing Allowance we would be glad to answer any
Some crew like to take their questions you have. See you at
own food with them – although As a Pilot you will start your the next one!
be aware that there are many working day at your“Home Base”

PILOT 19

START-UP
COSTS

To become a Pilot, you’ll need Time
to be willing to make lots of
sacrifices.The time to become As a student pilot you will be
a Pilot is intense but relatively full time busy studying 14 “ATPL”
short, compared to studies to subjects. These subjects range
become a doctor, lawyer or from meteorology to principles
financial specialist. After having of flight. The training to become
made certain sacrifices, expect to a Pilot is tough and takes
work in the office with the most approximately 2 years. Regardless,
beautiful view at 39.000 feet! It’s if flying is your passion you will
totally worth it! absolutely love it! During flight
training you will meet people
to share your passion with lots

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of intensting people and make
friendships that last a lifetime!
The biggest sacrifice Pilots make
is time away from home. You
need to be able to spend time
away from home, your family
and friends every month. Expect
to be about 8 to 10 days away
from home every month. But of
course, this all depends on your
own Airline!

Social Life

As a Pilot you will work during
weekends, public holidays
and coping with irregular
working patterns. This is an
underestimated investment that
definitely needs to be considered.
For young single people it will be
easier to cope with, compared to
people with families and kids to
take care of. The bright side of this
is that you have lots of free time
while others are working!

Money

As outlined in our previous article
the first few years as a Pilot can be
tough.The financial investment for
flight training is huge and you need
to write down the pros and cons
and financial consequences before
signing up for a student loan. Ask
the opinion of your parents, family,
friends and pilot-colleagues to
make a well-informed decision.
The training cost of a “Integrated
Training Course” (see our 4th
article) can range between $60.000
and $100.000 and the cost of a
“Modular Course” varies between
$15.000 and $45.000. To keep your
Flight License valid, you’ll need to
do a “Proficiency Check” – or the
so called “Profcheck” after your
flight training. The Proficiency
Check can be done in the simulator
(approximately $700 to $1000) or
in the actual aircraft (approximately
$1500 to $2000). Keep in mind
that, in order to keep your Flight
License valid, you’ll need to do a
yearly Medical Check as well! This
can cost approximately $200.

PILOT 21

FINDING
EMPLOYMENT

After finishing flight training pilots with a valid ATPL or CPL • WestJet
it can be a tough job to find license, a type rating for B757/ • Air Canada
a job as a pilot. Experience is B767 aircraft and preferably 1500 • Canadian North
most of the time needed, and flight hours. Very demanding • Air North
that is something you probably qualifications, especially when • Flair Airlines
don’t have after finishing flight you just finished flight school! • Swoop
training. Don’t give up your hopes But keep in mind that you can • Sunwing Airlines
too soon though! All pilots have always apply, even if you don’t • Canadian North
been there, and done that. You meet the minimum requirements. • Pascan Aviation
will need to be persistent in Depending on the job market • Northwestern Air
sending applications, keep your minimum requirements will
flight license valid and keep change as well!
your knowledge up to date. In
Canada there are more than 100 Seasonal Jobs
aviation companies ready to hire
and you only need 1 to find a job! Several Canadian operators are
Motivation and persistence is the offering seasonal (temporary)
key to success in Aviation. jobs for Pilots without experience.
A great tip for job-seekers is to
Online drive to local regional airports
not far from home and just ask if
There are multiple pilot job General Aviation companies are
websites like “latestpilotjobs. looking for (seasonal) Pilots! It’s a
com”, “aviationjobs.be” and great way to build experience and
“pilotcareercentre.com”! Airline working only a season translates
employer possibilities in Canada to less risk for an employer if there
are very diverse – as you can is no work in the Winter!
apply to become an Airline Pilot
for Air Canada, but there are many Canadian Airlines
corporate aviation companies
too! To summarize potential
employers in Canada we will set
Cargojet Airways out the companies that have
hired many pilots over the last
CargoJet Airways is looking for 10 years:

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PILOT 23

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