10 APPLICATION OF LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS IN DAILY LIFE AND INDUSTRY

THERMOMETER

FIRST APPLICATION

THEORY & LAW INVOLVED

WORKING PRINCIPLE

VACUUM FLASK

SECOND APPLICATION

THEORY & LAW INVOLVED

WORKING PRINCIPLE

MICROWAVE OVEN

THIRD APPLICATION

THEORY & LAW INVOLVED

WORKING PRINCIPLE

NOTE: HVAC stands for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning

HVAC SYSTEM

FOURTH APPLICATION

THEORY & LAW INVOLVED

WORKING PRINCIPLE

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

FIFTH APPLICATION

THEORY & LAW INVOLVED

WORKING PRINCIPLE



FOOD INDUSTRY
(REFRIGERATION SYSTEM)

SIXTH APPLICATION

THERMODYNAMICS CYCLE WORKING PRINCIPLE

THEORY & LAW INVOLVED

AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
(HEAT ENGINE)

SEVENTH APPLICATION

THERMODYNAMICS CYCLE WORKING PRINCIPLE

THEORY & LAW INVOLVED

AEROSPACE INDUSTRY
(JET ENGINE)

EIGHTH APPLICATION

THERMODYNAMICS CYCLE WORKING PRINCIPLE

THEORY & LAW INVOLVED

POWER INDUSTRY
(THERMAL POWER PLANT)

NINTH APPLICATION

THERMODYNAMICS CYCLE WORKING PRINCIPLE

THEORY & LAW INVOLVED

RESEARCH INDUSTRY
(MAGNETIC COOLING)

TENTH APPLICATION

THERMODYNAMICS CYCLE WORKING PRINCIPLE

THEORY & LAW INVOLVED

• Aprea, Ciro & Greco, A. & Maiorino, Angelo.
(2014). Magnetic refrigeration: a promising new
technology for energy saving. International Journal
of Ambient Energy. 37. 1-52.
10.1080/01430750.2014.962088.

• Libretexts, & Nguyen, K. (2020, August 15). Brayton
Cycle. Chemistry LibreTexts.
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_
and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Suppl
emental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Che
mistry)/Thermodynamics/Thermodynamic_Cycles/
Brayton_Cycle

• Libretexts. (2020, November 27). 4.3: Heat
Engines. Physics LibreTexts.
https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University
_Physics/Book%3A_University_Physics_(OpenStax)
/Map%3A_University_Physics_II_-
_Thermodynamics_Electricity_and_Magnetism_(O
penStax)/04%3A_The_Second_Law_of_Thermodyn
amics/4.03%3A_Heat_Engines

• Libretexts. (2020, November 5). 1.2: Temperature
and Thermal Equilibrium. Physics LibreTexts.
https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University
_Physics/Book%3A_University_Physics_(OpenStax)
/Map%3A_University_Physics_II_-
_Thermodynamics_Electricity_and_Magnetism_(O
penStax)/01%3A_Temperature_and_Heat/1.02%3A
_Temperature_and_Thermal_Equilibrium

• Müller-Steinhagen, H. (2011, February 2). RANKINE
CYCLE. Thermopedia.
http://www.thermopedia.com/content/1072/

• Oruc, Vedat & Devecioğlu, Atilla. (2018).
Thermodynamic Analysis of a Refrigeration System
Operating with R1234yf Refrigerant. 10.1007/978-
3-319-89845-2_9.

• Swedan, N. Photosynthesis as a thermodynamic
cycle. Heat Mass Transfer 56, 1649–1658 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-019-02768-x

• Woodford, C. (2019, January 8). Vacuum flasks.
Explain That Stuff.
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/vacuumflasks.ht
ml

• Woodford, C. (2020, August 31). Microwave ovens.
Explain That Stuff.
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/microwaveoven
s.html

• Woodford, C. (2020, July 1). Air conditioners.
Explain That Stuff.
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/airconditioner.h
tml

• Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: If two
thermodynamic systems are each in thermal
equilibrium with a third one, then they are in thermal
equilibrium with each other.

• First Law of Thermodynamics:

1) The total energy of an isolated system is constant.
(Law of conservation of energy)

2) Energy can be transformed from one form to
another, but can be neither created nor destroyed.
(Law of conservation of energy)

• Second Law of Thermodynamics:

1) -Heat will always flow spontaneously from hot to
cold (Clausius statement)

2) -The total entropy of an isolated system can never
decrease overtime, and is constant if and only if all
processes are reversible.

3) It is impossible to construct a device which operates
on a cycle and produces no other effect than the
transfer of heat from a single body in order to
produce work. (Kelvin-Planck Statement)

• Third Law of Thermodynamics:

1) The entropy of a system approaches a constant
value as its temperature approaches absolute zero.

2) It is impossible for any process, no matter how
idealized, to reduce the entropy of a system to its
absolute-zero value in a finite number of
operations. (Consequences)

• Thermal Expansion: The tendency of matter to
change its shape, area, volume, and density in
response to a change in temperature.

• Conduction: Transfer of energy through a solid
material.

• Convection: Transfer of heat to or from a fluid
medium.

• Radiation: Transfer of internal energy in the form of
electromagnetic waves

• Specific heat: The amount of heat per unit mass
required to raise the temperature by one degree
Celsius.

• Latent Heat of Condensation: During phase change
(gas to liquid), latent heat is released at constant
temperature.

• Latent Heat of Vaporization: During phase change
(liquid to gas), latent heat is absorbed at constant
temperature.

• Isothermal process: Temperature of a system
remains constant

• Adiabatic process: No transfer heat between system
and surrounding

• Isentropic process: The entropy of a system remain
unchanged with no heat transfer

• Isobaric process: Pressure of a system stays constant