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ÿćĞ îÖĆ ÜćîÿÜŠ đÿøöĉ ÖćøýÖċ þćîĂÖøąïïĒúąÖćøýÖċ þćêćöĂíĆ ÷ćý÷Ć
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ÖøąìøüÜýÖċ þćíÖĉ ćø

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หนังสือเสริมนจ้ี ดั พมิ พด์ ว้ ยเงนิ งบประมาณแผน่ ดนิ
เพอื่ การศึกษาตลอดชวี ติ สำหรับประชาชน
ลิขสทิ ธ์เิ ป็นของสำนกั งาน กศน.สำนักงานปลัดกระทรวงศึกษาธิการ

ßĂęČ ĀîÜĆ ÿČĂǰ ǰ ĀîĆÜÿČĂđÿøöĉ ÙüćöøšĎõćþćĂćđà÷Ċ î
ǰ ǰ ßéč Öǰ ćøǰÿĂęČ ÿćøǰĔîßǰ üĊ êĉ ǰðøąÝćĞ ǰüîĆ ǰõćþćĂĆÜÖùþ

đĂÖÿćøìćÜüßĉ ćÖćøĀöć÷đú×ǰ ǰ

óöĉ óŤÙøÜĆĚ ìǰęĊ ǰ ǰ ÝĞćîüîǰ
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đüĘïĕàêŤǰ ǰ IUUQ XXX OGF HP UI
ǰ ǰ XXX QBUUBOBEPXOMPBE DPN

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ǰ ǰ ēìø ǰ ǰ ǰ ǰēìøÿćøǰ ǰ ǰ

ÙćĞ îĞć

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Ť ǰǰõćþćÝîĊ ÖúćÜǰǰ ÝîĊ ǰ ǰÿÜĉ Ùēðø
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îć÷ðøąđÿøåĉ ǰǰïčâđøČĂÜ

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ǰ đøĂęČ ÜìęĊǰ ǰ ÖćøìĆÖìć÷ĒúąÖćøÖúćŠ üúćǰǰ
ǰ đøČęĂÜìǰĊę ǰ ǰÖćøĒîąîĞćêîđĂÜĒúąñĎĂš îęČ ǰ ǰ
ǰ đøĂęČ ÜìęĊǰǰ ǰǰÖćøđÿîĂĔĀÙš üćößüŠ ÷đĀúČĂǰ
ǰ đøĂęČ ÜìęĊǰǰ ǰÖćøëćößČęĂǰìęĂĊ ÷ǰĎŠ
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ǰ đøČęĂÜìęǰĊ ǰ ǰÖćøóéĎ ēìøýĆóìǰŤ

ïììǰĊę ǰÙèč øÿĎš ċÖĂ÷ŠćÜĕøǰ
ǰ đøęĂČ ÜìǰĊę ǰ õćó÷îêøŤđøĂęČ ÜîĚđĊ ðîŨ Ă÷ŠćÜĕøïćš Üǰ

ïììĊǰę ǰÙèč ÙĉéĂ÷ŠćÜĕøǰ
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ǰ đøĂęČ ÜìęĊǰ ǰÖćøĔĀšïøÖĉ ćøǰéšćîêćŠ Üǰėǰ

ïììęĊǰ ǰēøÜĒøöĒúąøćš îĂćĀćøǰ

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ǰ đøĂęČ ÜìĊǰę ǰÖćøßćĞ øąđÜîĉ ĒúąĂĂÖÝćÖēøÜĒøöǰ đßÙĘ đĂćìēŤ øÜĒøö
ǰ ǰ

ǰ đøČĂę ÜìǰĊę ǰēøÜĒøöĒúąøšćîĂćĀćøǰ

ǰ đøĂęČ ÜìęǰĊ ǰìęÿĊ îćöïîĉ ǰ đßÙĘ ĂĉîìÿęĊ îćöïĉî
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ǰ đøęĂČ ÜìǰĊę ǰēé÷ÿćøøëĕôǰ

ÿćøïâĆ ǰ êŠĂ
Āîšć

ǰ ǰ ǰǰ

ïììĊǰę ǰÿćĞ îüîìĊÙę üøøǰšĎ
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ǰ đøĂęČ ÜìęǰĊ ǰǰÖÝĉ üĆêøðøąÝĞćüĆîǰ
ǰ đøČęĂÜìęĊǰ ǰÖćøÿĂïëćöđøČęĂÜÿč×õćóǰ
ǰ đøČęĂÜìǰęĊ ǰÖćøëćöìýĉ ìćÜǰ
ǰ đøČęĂÜìǰĊę ǰÖćøëćöđüúćǰ

ïììĊęǰ ǰǰÙćĞ ýĆóìêŤ ćŠ Üėǰ
ǰ đøČęĂÜìĊǰę ǰÙĞćýóĆ ìĂŤ ćÖćøđÝïĘ ðüéǰǰ
ǰ đøČęĂÜìǰęĊ ǰÙĞćýĆóìŤ÷ćîóćĀîąǰ
ǰ đøČęĂÜìĊǰę ǰǰêĞćĒĀîŠÜìêęĊ ĚĆÜĒúąìýĉ ìćÜǰ
ǰ đøĂęČ ÜìęĊǰ ǰÿĊêŠćÜėǰìĊęÙüøøšǰĎ
ǰ đøęČĂÜìǰĊę ǰêüĆ đú×ǰ

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ÙèąñĎÝš ĆéìĞćǰ ǰ ǰ

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ÙćĞ ĂŠćîìöęĊ đĊ ÙøČęĂÜĀöć÷ǰ
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ÿïć÷éǰĊ ×ĂïÙčèǰǰ

Ēúüš ÙčèúąŠ ǰǰǰ ĕĂöďǰĕôîďǰĒíÜÙďàǰď ĒĂîéďǰ÷Ďǰ

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ǰ

ǰ

òîŦ éîĊ ą îĂîĀúïĆ ĔĀšǰǰǰ 4XFFUǰESFBNT 4MFFQǰXFMMǰǰ

ÿïć÷îąǰ ÿüĊìǰéøöĊ àď ÿúóĊ ǰđüúǰ

ēßÙéĊ ×ĂĔĀšðøąÿï ǰ

(PPEǰMVDL #FǰTVDDFTTGVM ǰ

ÙüćöÿćĞ đøĘÝǰǰ ÖĎéǰúÖĆ Ùď ïĊǰàĆÙđààôčúǰ

ǰ

øćêøĊÿüĆÿéĉĝ ĕðĒúüš îąǰǰǰǰǰ (PPEǰOJHIU ǰ

Ĕßúš ćêĂîÖúćÜÙîČ
ǰǰ ǰ ÖĎéǰĕîìďǰ

ǰ

đøęČĂÜìĊǰę ǰǰÖćøĒîąîĞćêîđĂÜĒúąñšĂĎ ęîČ ǰ

ǰǰ

ÖćøĒîąîćĞ êîđĂÜǰ ǰ

ǰ -FUǰNFǰJOUSPEVDFǰNZTFMG ǰ

ÞîĆ ×ĂĒîąîĞćêĆüđĂÜǰǰ

đúìǰöǰĊ Ăîĉ ìøąéĎàóǰĕöđàúôďǰ

ñößČĂę ļļļ ǰ ǰ

*ĴN .ZǰOBNFĴTļļļļ ǰ

ǰ ĕĂöď ĕöǰđîöàďǰļļļļļļǰ

ÞĆîđðîŨ Ùîĕì÷ǰǰǰ ǰ

* Nǰ5IBJ ǰ

ǰ ĕĂöďǰĕì÷ǰ

ǰ

ĀîÜĆ ÿČĂđÿøĉöÙüćöøšõĎ ćþćĂćđàĊ÷îǰßéč Öǰ ćøÿǰ ĂČę ÿćøǰĔîßǰ Ċüêĉ ǰðøąÝĞćüǰ ĆîǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

ñööćÝćÖðøąđìýĕì÷ǰǰ * NǰGSPNǰ5IBJMBOE ǰ

ǰ ĕĂöďǰôøĂöǰĕì÷Ēúîéďǰ

ǰ

ÖćøĒîąîĞćñĎšĂČîę ǰ

ǰ 5IJTǰJTǰļļļ ǰ

îÙĊĚ ĂČ ļļļ ǰǰǰ

ǰ íĉÿǰĂĉàǰļļļļļļǰ

ǰ

ñöĂ÷ćÖĒîąîćĞ Ùèč ĔĀš * EǰMJLFǰUPǰJOUSPEVDFǰZPVǰUPǰļļǰ

øÝĎš ĆÖļǰ ĕĂéďǰĕúÙďǰìĎǰĂîĉ ìøąéĎàǰ÷ǰĎ ìǰĎ ǰ

ǰ

ñöĂ÷ćÖÝąĒîąîĞćļļ *ǰXBOUǰUPǰJOUSPEVDFǰNZǰGSJFOEǰļļ

đóĂęČ îñöǰǰǰ ĕĂǰüĂîìďǰìĎǰĂĉîìøąéĎàǰĕöǰôđøîéǰď ǰ

ǰ

ǰǰǰǰǰđöęČĂöĊÖćøĒîąîćĞ ïčÙÙúĀîÜċę ĔĀšøÝĎš ĆÖÖĆïĂĊÖïÙč ÙúĀîċęÜǰñšĎìĕĊę éšøïĆ ǰǰǰǰǰǰ

ÖćøĒîąîĞćǰÝąìĆÖìć÷ÖúïĆ üŠćǰ

ǰ

ÿüÿĆ éǰĊ )PXǰEPǰZPVǰEP ǰ

ǰ đăćǰéǰĎ ÷ǰĎ éĎǰ

÷îĉ éìĊ Ċĕę éšøšÝĎ ĆÖǰ ǰ

*UĴT
ǰOJDF HMBEǰUPǰNFFUǰZPV ǰ

ǰ Ăìĉ àďǰĕîàď ĒÖúéǰìǰĎ öĊìǰ÷Ďǰ

ǰ

ǰǰǰǰǰ

ǰ

ĀîÜĆ ÿĂČ đÿøĉöÙüćöøšĎõćþćĂćđà÷Ċ îǰßéč ǰÖćøǰÿĂČę ÿćøĔǰîßǰ üĊ ĉêðǰ øąÝĞćüǰ îĆ ǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

ǰǰǰǰǰǰĒúąÙÿĎŠ îìîćÝąÖúćŠ üüŠćǰ

ÿüĆÿéǰĊ )PXǰEPǰZPVǰEP ǰ

ǰ đăćǰéĎǰ÷ĎǰéĎǰ

÷ĉîéìĊ ĊęĕéšøÝĎš ÖĆ đߊîÖîĆ ǰ ǰ

*UĴT
ǰOJDF HMBEǰUPǰNFFUǰZPV
ǰUPP ǰ

ǰ Ăìĉ àďǰĕîàď ĒÖúéǰìǰĎ öĊìǰ÷ĎǰìĎǰ

ǰ

đøČęĂÜìĊǰę ǰǰÖćøđÿîĂĔĀšÙüćößüŠ ÷đĀúĂČ ǰǰ

ǰ $BOǰ*ǰIFMQǰZPV ǰ

öĊĂąĕøĔĀšñöߊü÷ĕĀöǰ

ǰ ĒÙîǰĕĂǰđăúóǰď ÷Ďǰ

ǰ

ÞîĆ ×Ăߊü÷Ùèč ĕéšĕĀöǰǰ $BOǰ*ǰHJWFǰZPVǰBǰIBOE ǰ

ǰ ĒÙîǰĕĂǰÖĉôďüǰ÷ĎǰĂąǰĒăîéďǰ

ǰ

ÖćøêĂïøïĆ Ùüćöߊü÷đĀúĂČ ǰ

ǰ 5IBOLǰZPVǰWFSZǰNVDI ǰǰ

×ĂïÙčèöćÖǰǰ

ǰ ĒíÜÙďóǰ÷ǰĎ đüøĊǰößĆ ǰǰ

ǰ ǰ

ÙčèÖøčèćöćÖđú÷ǰǰ :PVĴSFǰTPǰLJOE ǰ

ǰǰ ÷ĆüøŤǰēàǰĕÙîďéďǰ

ǰ

×ĂïÙčèǰđðîŨ ÙüćöÖøčèć 5IBOLT ǰ*UĴTǰWFSZǰLJOE ǰOJDFǰPGǰZPV ǰ

×ĂÜÙèč ǰ ĒíÜÙďàďǰĂĉìàďǰđüøǰĊ ĕÙîďéď ĕîàďǰĂĂôüǰ÷Ďǰ

ĀîĆÜÿĂČ đÿøĉöÙüćöøšĎõćþćĂćđà÷Ċ îǰßčéǰÖćøÿǰ ĂČę ÿćøĔǰîßǰ Ċüĉêðǰ øąÝĞćüǰ îĆ ǰǰõćþćĂĆÜÖùþ

ÖćøĒÿéÜÙüćö÷ĉîéĊǰ ǰ

ǰ $POHSBUVMBUJPOT ǰ

×ĂĒÿéÜÙüćö÷îĉ éĊǰ

ǰ ÙĂîĒÖøßóßąđúßîĆ ÿǰ

ÿ×č ÿĆîêŤüĆîđÖéĉ ǰ ǰ

)BQQZǰ#JSUIEBZǰ

ǰ ĒăóóǰĊ đïøĉ íŤ đéǰ

ǰ

×ĂòćÖĒÿéÜÙüćö÷ĉîéĊ 1MFBTFǰHJWFǰIFSǰNZǰDPOHSBUVMBUJPOT ǰ

ÖĆïđíĂéšü÷ǰ óúĊàǰÖôĉ üǰđăĂøŤǰĕöǰÙĂîĒÖøßßąđúßîĆ ÿǰ

ǰ

Öćøðäđĉ ÿíÙćĞ đßĉâǰ ǰ

ǰ *ĴNǰTPSSZǰCVUǰ*ĴNǰTPǰCVTZ ǰ

ñöđÿ÷Ċ ĔÝǰñöĕöüŠ ŠćÜǰ

ǰ ĕĂöďǰàĂøŤøǰĊ ïìĆ ǰĕĂöďǰēàǰïàĉ àĊ ǰ

ǰ

ñöđÿ÷Ċ ĔÝǰñööĂĊ ąĕøǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ * NǰTPSSZ ǰ*ǰDBO U ǰ*ǰIBWFǰTPNFUIJOHǰǰǰǰ

êšĂÜìćĞ ǰ UPǰEP ǰǰ

ǰ ĕĂöďǰàĂøøŤ ǰĊ ĕĂǰĒÙîìǰď ĕĂǰĒăóüďǰàöĆ íĉÜǰìĎǰéĎǰ

ǰ

×ĂïÙčèÿĞćĀøĆïÖćøđßâĉ
ǰ

ǰ 5IBOLǰZPVǰGPSǰDPNJOH ǰǰ

×ĂïÙčèìęĊöćǰ

ǰ ĒíÜÙďóǰ÷ǰĎ ôĂøŤǰÙĆööĉÜǰ

ǰ

ĀîĆÜÿĂČ đÿøöĉ ÙüćöøĎšõćþćĂćđà÷Ċ îǰßčéÖǰ ćøǰÿČĂę ÿćøĔǰîǰßüĊ êĉ ðǰ øąÝćĞ üǰ îĆ ǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

éĊĔÝìęĊÙčèöćĕéšǰ * NǰHMBEǰZPVǰDPVMEǰDPNF ǰǰ
ǰ ĕĂöďǰĒÖúéǰ÷ĎǰÙĎéǰÙĆöǰ

éĔĊ ÝìĊęĕéšóïÙčèǰ ǰ
ǰ
*U TǰHPPEǰUPǰTFFǰZPV ǰ
đ×ćš öćךćÜĔîÖŠĂîǰ Ăìĉ àďǰÖĎéǰìǰĎ àĊǰ÷Ďǰ
ǰ
ǰ
×Ăóï ĕéĕš Āöǰ
ǰ $PNFǰJO
ǰQMFBTF ǰǰ
ÙĆöǰĂĉîǰóúĊàǰ
øĂÿÖĆ ÙøîĎŠ ąǰ
ǰ ǰ

đßâĉ îÜęĆ ǰ $PVMEǰ*ǰTFFļļ ǰǰ
ǰ ÙĎéǰĕĂǰàĊļļǰ

ñöÖćĞ úÜĆ øĂÙčèĂ÷ĎŠǰ ǰ
ǰ
+VTUǰBǰNPNFOU
ǰQMFBTF ǰǰ
ǰ ÝÿĆ ìǰď Ăąǰēöđöîìǰď óúĊàǰ
ǰ
ǰ ǰ

Öćø×ĂøšĂÜǰ )BWF UBLFǰBǰTFBU
ǰQMFBTF ǰǰ
Ēăóü đìÙǰĂąǰàĊìǰóúĊàǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ñöÿćöćøëǰļ ǰĕéšĕĀöǰǰ
ǰ * WFǰCFFOǰXBJUJOHǰGPSǰZPV ǰ
ĕĂôďüǰïîĊ ǰđüììÜĉ ǰôĂøŤǰ÷Ďǰ

ǰ

ǰ

$BO $PVMEǰ*ǰļ
ǰQMFBTF ǰ
ĒÙî ÙĎéǰĕĂǰļļļóúĊàǰ

ĀîÜĆ ÿĂČ đÿøöĉ ÙüćöøšõĎ ćþćĂćđàĊ÷îǰßčéǰÖćøÿǰ ĂČę ÿćøǰĔîǰßüĊ êĉ ǰðøąÝćĞ üǰ ĆîǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

Ùèč ßüŠ ÷ñöĕéĕš Āöǰǰ $BOǰZPVǰIFMQǰNF ǰ

ǰ ĒÙîǰ÷ĎǰđăúóďǰöǰĊ ǰ

Ùèč ݹߊü÷ǰļ ǰĕéšĕĀöǰǰ 8PVMEǰZPVǰNJOEǰļ ǰ

ǰ üĎéǰ÷Ďǰĕöîďǰ ļǰ

ǰ

ÖćøêĂïøïĆ ÙĞć×ĂøšĂÜǰ

ǰ :FT :FT
ǰPGǰDPVSTF ǰǰ

ĕéš ĕéđš ú÷ǰǰ

ǰ đ÷ÿ đ÷ÿǰĂĂôüǰÙĂøŤÿǰ

ĕööŠ ĊðâŦ Āćǰǰ ǰ

/PǰQSPCMFN ǰǰ

ǰ ēîǰóøĂïđúöĉ ǰ

ǰ

Öćøðäđĉ ÿíÙĞć×ĂøĂš Üǰ

ǰ 4PSSZ * NǰTPSSZ ǰ

ñöđÿĊ÷ĔÝǰǰ

ǰ àĂøŤøĊ ĕĂöǰď àĂøøŤ Ċǰ

ñöđÿĊ÷ĔÝǰǰ ǰ

* NǰTPSSZ ǰ*ǰOFFEǰJUǰNZTFMG ǰ

ñöÝćĞ đðŨîêĂš ÜĔßšǰǰ ĕĂöďǰàĂøŤøĊǰĕĂǰîĊéǰĂĉìǰĕöđàúôďǰ

ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ

ĀîĆÜÿČĂđÿøöĉ ÙüćöøšõĎ ćþćĂćđàĊ÷îǰßéč ǰÖćøǰÿęČĂÿćøĔǰîǰßüĊ ĉêðǰ øąÝćĞ ǰüĆîǰǰõćþćĂĆÜÖùþ

ÖćøĒÿéÜÙüćöÙĉéđĀîĘ ǰǰ

ñöđĀĘîéšü÷ǰǰ ǰ *ǰBHSFF ǰ
ǰ
ĕĂǰĂąÖøĊǰ
ÞĆîÖđĘ ßŠîÖîĆ ǰǰ ǰ
ǰ

4PǰEPǰ* ǰ

ǰ ēàǰéǰĎ ĕĂǰ

đðŨîÙüćöÙéĉ ìĊéę Ċǰǰ ǰ

5IBUĴTǰBǰHPPEǰJEFB ǰ

ǰ ĒíìàďǰĂąǰÖéĎ ǰĕĂđéĊ÷ǰ

ëÖĎ ×ĂÜÙčèǰǰ ǰ ǰ

:PVĴSFǰSJHIU ǰ

ǰ ÷üĆ øŤǰĕøìďǰ

ǰ

đøĂęČ ÜìęĊǰ ǰǰÖćøëćößĂęČ ǰǰìĂęĊ ÷ǰŠĎ ǰǰ

ǰ ǰ

ÖćøëćößęČĂǰ

ǰ ǰ

Ùèč ßęČĂĂąĕøǰ 8IBUĴTǰZPVSǰOBNF ǰ

ǰ üĂìàǰď ÷üĆ øǰŤ đîöǰ
îćöÿÖúč Ăąĕøǰǰ
ǰ

8IBUĴTǰZPVSǰTVSOBNF ǰGBNJMZǰOBNF ǰ

MBTUǰOBNF ǰTFDPOEǰOBNFǰ ǰ

ǰ üĂìàǰď ÷üĆ øŤǰđàĂøŤđîö ǰĒôöĉúĊǰđîö ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

úćÿìďǰđîö ǰđàÙđÙĉîéǰď đîöǰ

ĀîÜĆ ÿĂČ đÿøöĉ ÙüćöøšĎõćþćĂćđàĊ÷îǰßéč ǰÖćøÿǰ ĂęČ ÿćøĔǰîǰßüĊ êĉ ǰðøąÝćĞ ǰüîĆ ǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

ÖćøëćöìęĂĊ ÷ŠĎǰ ǰ

ǰ ǰ

Ùèč öćÝćÖĕĀîǰǰ 8IFSFǰEPǰZPVǰDPNFǰGSPN ǰ

ǰ ĒüøǰŤ éǰĎ ÷ĎǰÙöĆ ǰôøĂöǰ

Ùèč Ă÷ŠĎìęĕĊ Āîǰ ǰ

8IFSFǰEPǰZPVǰMJWF ǰ

ǰ ĒüøǰŤ éĎǰ÷ĎǰúĊôüǰ

ǰ

êĂîîĊÙĚ čèóĆÖĂ÷ŠĎìęĊĕĀîǰǰ 8IFSFǰBSFǰZPVǰTUBZJOHǰOPX ǰ

ǰ ĒüøŤǰĂćǰ÷ǰĎ ÿđìĂĉÜǰđîćǰ

ÙčèĂ÷ĎĀŠ öŠĎïšćîĂąĕøǰ ǰ

8IBUǰJTǰZPVSǰWJMMBHF ǰ

ǰ üĂìǰĂĉàǰ÷ĆüøǰŤ üĉúóúĉÝǰ

ǰ

×ĂìøćïìęĊĂ÷ĎŠ×ĂÜÙčèǰĕéš $PVMEǰ* .BZǰ*ǰIBWFǰZPVSǰBEESFTT ǰ

ĕĀöǰǰǰ ǰǰ ÙĎéǰĕĂ đöǰĕĂǰĒăôüǰ÷ĆüøŤǰĒĂéđéøÿǰ

ǰ

Öøèč ćïĂÖìĊęĂ÷ŠĎ×ĂÜÙèč ĕéš $PVMEǰZPVǰUFMM HJWFǰNFǰZPVSǰ

ĕĀöǰ ǰ BEESFTT ǰ

ÙéĎ ǰ÷Ďǰđìú Öĉôüǰď öĊǰ÷üĆ øǰŤ ĒĂéđéøÿǰ

ǰ

Öøčèćđ×÷Ċ îìęĊĂ÷ĎŠ×ĂÜÙèč $PVMEǰZPVǰXSJUFǰZPVSǰBEESFTTǰ ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

ĕéĕš Āöǰ GPSǰNF ǰ

ÙĎéǰ÷Ďǰĕøìďǰ÷ĆüøŤǰĒĂéđéøÿǰǰôĂøǰŤ öĊǰ

ǰ

ĀîÜĆ ÿČĂđÿøöĉ ÙüćöøõĎš ćþćĂćđà÷Ċ îǰßéč ǰÖćøǰÿČęĂÿćøǰĔîǰßĊüêĉ ðǰ øąÝĞćüǰ îĆ ǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

đøĂęČ ÜìĊǰę ǰǰÖćøĔĀĒš úą×Ă×Ăš öĎúÿüŠ îïÙč Ùúǰǰ

ǰ ǰ

×Ăš öúĎ ÿüŠ îêüĆ ǰ

ǰ )PXǰPMEǰBSFǰZPV ǰ

Ùèč Ăć÷đč ìćŠ ĕøǰǰ ǰǰ

ǰ đăćǰēĂúéďǰĂćǰ÷Ďǰ

ÞîĆ Ăć÷čǰļļ ǰðŘǰǰǰ ǰ

* N
ǰļļļļ ǰ

ĕĂöďǰļļǰ

ǰ

Üćî×ĂÜÙčèÙĂČ Ăąĕøǰ 8IBUĴTǰZPVSǰKPC ǰ

üĂìàďǰ÷ĆüøǰŤ ÝĂïǰ

ǰ

ÞîĆ đðîŨ ǰ ßćüîć ǰÙøĎ ǰ *ĴNǰBǰ GBSNFS ǰUFBDIFS ǰEPDUPS ǰ

ĀöĂ ǰĒöïŠ šćî ǰßćüÿüî
ǰ IPVTFXJGF ǰHBSEFOFS
ǰ

ǰ ĕĂöǰď Ăąǰ ôćøđŤ öĂą ǰìĊóđßĂą ǰéĂÙó

đìĂą đăćàďĕüôü ǰÖćøŤóđéîĉ đîĂą
ǰ

ǰ

öÖĊ ęÙĊ îĔîÙøĂïÙøüĆ Ùčèǰǰ )PXǰNBOZǰQFPQMFǰBSFǰUIFSFǰJOǰ

ǰ ǰǰ ZPVSǰGBNJMZ ǰ

ǰ đăćǰđöîîĊǰóđĊ óúĉ ǰĂćǰĒíøŤǰĂîĉ ǰ÷ĆüøŤǰĒôöĉúĊǰ

ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ

ĀîÜĆ ÿČĂđÿøĉöÙüćöøĎšõćþćĂćđà÷Ċ îǰßčéÖǰ ćøÿǰ ęĂČ ÿćøĔǰîßǰ Ċüêĉ ǰðøąÝĞćǰüĆîǰǰõćþćĂĆÜÖùþ

Ùèč öĊóîęĊ Ăš ÜÖĊęÙîǰ )PXǰNBOZǰCSPUIFSTǰBOEǰTJTUFSTǰEPǰ

ǰ ǰǰ ZPVǰIBWF ǰ

ǰ đăćǰđöîîǰĊ ïøćóđíĂÿǰĒĂîéǰď àĉÿóđìĂÿǰéĎǰ

÷ǰĎ Ēăôüǰ

ǰ

ñööĊóĊęîšĂÜñĎšßć÷ ĀâÜĉ ǰǰǰǰǰ *ǰIBWFǰ ǰCSPUIFST ǰTJTUFST ǰ

ǰÙîǰ ĕĂǰĒăôüǰìĎǰïøćóđíĂÿ ǰàĉÿóđìĂÿǰ

ñöĕööŠ ĊóęîĊ šĂÜđú÷ǰ ǰ

*ǰEPO UǰIBWFǰBOZǰCSPUIFSTǰPSǰ

ǰǰ TJTUFST ǰ

ĕĂǰēéîìǰď ĒăôüǰđĂîǰĊ ïøćóđíĂÿǰĂĂøŤǰǰǰ

àĉÿóđìĂÿǰǰ

ǰ

ÙøĂïÙøĆüñööǰĊ ļļ ǰÙî 5IFSFǰBSFǰļļ ǰQFPQMFǰJOǰNZǰ

éüš ÷ÖĆîǰ ǰ ǰ GBNJMZ ǰ

ĒíøŤǰĂćǰļǰóĊóđóĉúǰĂîĉ ǰĕöǰĒôöóöąúĊǰ

óĂŠ ÙčèìćĞ ÜćîĂąĕøǰǰ ǰ

8IBUǰEPFTǰZPVSǰGBUIFSǰEP ǰ

üĂìǰéĆàǰ÷üĆ øǰŤ ôćđíĂąǰéĎǰ

óŠĂñöđðŨîÙøĎǰ ǰǰ ǰ

.ZǰGBUIFSǰJTǰBǰUFBDIFS ǰ

ĕöǰôćđíĂąǰĂĉàǰĂąǰìĊóđßĂąǰ

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ĀîĆÜÿĂČ đÿøöĉ ÙüćöøĎšõćþćĂćđà÷Ċ îǰßéč Öǰ ćøǰÿĂČę ÿćøĔǰîßǰ üĊ êĉ ðǰ øąÝĞćüǰ îĆ ǰǰõćþćĂĆÜÖùþ

ĒöÙŠ èč ìĞćÜćîĀøČĂđðúŠćǰ %PFTǰZPVSǰNPUIFSǰXPSL ǰ

éàĆ ǰ÷ĆüøŤǰöćđíĂąǰđüøĉ ÙŤ ǰ

ĒöđŠ ðŨî×ćš øćßÖćøǰǰ ǰ

.ZǰNPUIFSǰJTǰBǰHPWFSONFOUǰPGGJDJBM ǰǰ

ǰ ĕöǰöćóđíĂąǰĂĉàǰĂąǰÖĆôóđüĉøîŤ đöîĉ ìďǰ ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

ēĂôŗßóđßĉúǰ

ĒöŠĕöŠĕéìš ĞćÜćîǰ ǰ ǰ

.ZǰNPUIFSǰEPFTO UǰXPSL ǰ

ǰ ĕöǰöćóđíĂąǰéĆàđàĉîìďǰđüĉøŤÙǰ

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đøĂęČ ÜìęĊǰǰ ǰǰÖćøóéĎ ēìøýóĆ ìŤǰ

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ÙĞćýĆóììŤ ęĊÙüøøĎđš Öę÷Ċ üÖĆïÖćøĔßēš ìøýĆóìŤǰǰǰ

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×èąîĚĊđ×ćĕöĂŠ ÷ŠĎÙŠą ÙøĆïǰ )F TǰOPUǰIFSFǰOPX ǰ ǰ

ǰ ăĊàǰîĂìǰđă÷Ċ øŤǰđîćǰ

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ēìøýóĆ ìŤ×ĂÜÞĆîĀöć÷đú× .ZǰUFMFQIPOFǰOVNCFSǰJTǰļļǰ

ǰ ĕöǰđìúóúąēôîǰîöĆ óđïĂąǰĂĉà ǰ

ĀîÜĆ ÿĂČ đÿøöĉ ÙüćöøõĎš ćþćĂćđàĊ÷îǰßéč Öǰ ćøÿǰ ęČĂÿćøĔǰîßǰ üĊ êĉ ǰðøąÝćĞ ǰüîĆ ǰǰõćþćĂĆÜÖùþ

ēìøýóĆ ìŤ×éĆ ×šĂÜĀøĂČ đÿ÷Ċ ǰ "ǰUFMFQIPOFǰJTǰPVUǰPGǰPSEFS ǰ

ǰ ĂąǰđìúóúąēôîǰĂĉàǰđĂćìďǰĂĂôǰĂĂøŤóđéĂąǰ

ĔÙøÖćĞ úÜĆ óéĎ
ǰǰ ǰ

8IP TǰDBMMJOH ǰǰ

ĔÙøÖćĞ úĆÜēìøýĆóìŤǰ ăĎàǰÙĂúúĉÜǰ

Öøèč ćøĂÿĆÖÙøŠĎǰ ǰ ǰ

KVTUǰBǰNPNFOU
ǰQMFBTF ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

ǰ ÝÿĆ ìǰď Ăąǰēöđöîìǰď óúĊàǰ

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ĀîĆÜÿĂČ đÿøĉöÙüćöøõĎš ćþćĂćđàĊ÷îǰßčéǰÖćøÿǰ ęČĂÿćøǰĔîǰßüĊ êĉ ðǰ øąÝćĞ ǰüîĆ ǰǰõćþćĂĆÜÖùþ

ĀîĆÜÿĂČ đÿøöĉ ÙüćöøĎšõćþćĂćđà÷Ċ îǰßéč Öǰ ćøǰÿęĂČ ÿćøĔǰîǰßüĊ êĉ ðǰ øąÝćĞ üǰ ĆîǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

ïììęĊǰǰ ǰ
Ùèč øĎšÿÖċ Ă÷ćŠ Üĕøǰ

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đǰ øĂČę ÜìęĊǰǰ ǰǰǰõćó÷îêøđŤ øČęĂÜîđĚĊ ðŨîĂ÷ŠćÜĕøïšćÜǰǰ

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ßĂïǰǰǰ MJLFǰ

ǰ ĕúÙďǰ

ĕöߊ Ăïǰǰǰǰ ǰ

EJTMJLFǰ

ǰ éĉÿĕúÙďǰ

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ÖøèìĊ đęĊ øćßĂïǰÝąĔßšĔîøðĎ ðøąē÷ÙïĂÖđúćŠ ǰǰ÷ÖêĆüĂ÷ćŠ ÜđßîŠ ǰ

ÞîĆ ßĂïĂćĀćøìąđúǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ *ǰMJLFǰTFBGPPE ǰ

ǰ ĕĂǰĕúÙǰď àôĊ Ďéǰ

ÞĆîßĂïÿîč Ć×ǰǰǰǰ ǰ

*ǰMJLFǰEPHT ǰ

ǰ ĕĂǰĕúÙǰď éĂĘ Öÿǰ

ĀîÜĆ ÿČĂđÿøöĉ ÙüćöøĎõš ćþćĂćđàĊ÷îǰßčéÖǰ ćøǰÿĂęČ ÿćøǰĔîßǰ Ċüêĉ ðǰ øąÝćĞ üǰ îĆ ǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

ĔîÖøèĊìđĊę øćĕöŠßĂïǰÿćöćøëđ×÷Ċ îøðĎ ðøąē÷ÙđðŨîðøąē÷Ù

ðäĉđÿíǰēé÷Ĕßšǰ7FSCǰUPǰEPǰöćüćÜĕüĀš úĆÜðøąíćîǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

êćöéšü÷ǰOPUǰîćĞ Āîćš Öø÷ĉ ćĒìšǰ÷ÖêĆüĂ÷ćŠ Üǰđߊîǰ

ÞîĆ ĕöߊ ĂïĂćĀćøìąđúǰǰǰǰ *ǰEPO UǰMJLFǰTFBGPPE ǰ

ĕĂǰēéîìďǰĕúÙďǰàĊôéĎ ǰ

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ÞîĆ ĕöߊ Ăïđéîĉ ĕðēøÜđø÷Ċ îǰ *ǰEPO UǰMJLFǰUPǰXBMLǰUPǰTDIPPM ǰ

ǰ ĕĂǰēéîìǰď ĕúÙďǰìĎǰüĂÙǰìĎǰÿÙúĎ ǰ

ÞîĆ ĕöŠßĂïÿčîĆ×ǰǰǰ ǰ

*ǰEPO UǰMJLFǰǰEPHT ǰ

ǰ ĕĂǰēéîìďǰĕúÙďǰéĂĘ Öÿǰ

÷Ăéđ÷÷Ċę öǰǰǰ ǰ ǰ

5IBU TǰHSFBU ǰ

ǰ ĒíìÿďǰđÖøìǰ

Ē÷ŠöćÖǰǰǰǰ ǰ

)PXǰBXGVM ǰ

ǰ đăćǰĂĂôĎúǰ

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ÞĆîÙĉéüŠćÞîĆ ĕöŠßĂïǰǰǰ *ǰBNǰBGSBJEǰ*ǰEPO UǰMJLFǰJU ǰ

ǰ ĕĂǰĒĂöǰĂąđôøéóǰĕĂǰēéîìǰď ĕúÙǰď Ăĉìǰ

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ÙčèÙéĉ üŠćõćó÷îêøđŤ øęĂČ ÜîĚĊ 8IBUǰEPǰZPVǰUIJOLǰBCPVUǰUIJTǰ

đðîŨ Ă÷ćŠ Üĕøǰ NPWJF ǰ

üĂìǰéǰĎ ÷ǰĎ íĉÜÙďǰĂąđïćüďǰíÿĊ ǰöĎüĊǰ

ĀîĆÜÿČĂđÿøöĉ ÙüćöøšĎõćþćĂćđàĊ÷îǰßéč Öǰ ćøǰÿęČĂÿćøǰĔîßǰ üĊ ĉêǰðøąÝćĞ ǰüîĆ ǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

ÞĆîßĂïõćó÷îêøŤǰǰđøČĂę Ü *ǰBNǰTPǰQMFBTFEǰXJUIǰUIJTǰNPWJF ǰ
îĚĊöćÖǰ ĕĂǰĒĂöǰēàǰóøĊàéďǰüĉíǰíĊÿǰöĎüĊǰ
õćó÷îêøđŤ øęĂČ ÜîĚđĊ ýøćš ǰ
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öĆîđðŨîõćó÷îêøŤêúÖǰ
5IJTǰNPWJFǰJTǰUSBHJD ǰ
ÞĆîßĂïöîĆ ǰǰǰ íĊÿǰöĎüĊǰĂĉàǰĒìøÝóÝĉéǰ
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Öćø×ĂēìþǰđÿĊ÷ĔÝǰǰ
*UǰJTǰUIFǰGVOOZǰNPWJF ǰ
ǰ Ăìĉ ǰĂĉàǰđíĂąǰôîŦ îǰĊ öĎüĊǰ

ÞîĆ ×Ăēìþǰ ǰ ǰ
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×ĂēìþÙąŠ ÙøïĆ ǰ *ǰMPWFǰJU ǰ*ǰFOKPZǰJU ǰ*ǰMJLFǰJUǰ
ǰ ĕĂǰđúĉôǰĂĉì ǰĕĂǰđĂîĘ ÝĂ÷óǰĂìĉ ǰĕĂǰĕúÙǰď
×ĂēìþìęĊøïÖüîǰ Ăĉìǰ
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*ĴNǰTPSSZ ǰ
ĕĂöďǰàĂøøŤ Ċǰ

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&YDVTFǰNF
ǰQMFBTF ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ
đĂÙÿÙüĉ àóǰöĊǰóúĊàǰ

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&YDVTFǰNFǰGPSǰJOUFSSVQUJOH ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ
đĂÙÿÙĉüàóǰöǰĊ ôĂøŤǰĂîĉ ìąøóĆ óìÜĉ ǰ
ǰ

ĀîÜĆ ÿĂČ đÿøöĉ ÙüćöøšĎõćþćĂćđàĊ÷îǰßčéÖǰ ćøǰÿęČĂÿćøĔǰîǰßüĊ ĉêðǰ øąÝćĞ üǰ îĆ ǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

×Ăēìþ×ĂđüúćÿÖĆ ÙøĎŠǰ &YDVTFǰNFǰGPSǰBǰNPNFOU ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

ǰ đĂÙÿÙĉüàóǰöǰĊ ôĂøŤǰĂąǰēöóđöîìďǰ

ÞĆîĀüÜĆ üćŠ ÙčèÝąĔĀš ǰ

*ǰIPQFǰZPVǰDBOǰGPSHJWFǰNF ǰ

Ăõ÷Ć ÞîĆ ǰ ĕĂǰēăóǰ÷ĎǰĒÙîǰôĂøÖŤ ĉôüóǰöĊǰǰ

ÞĆîđÿ÷Ċ ĔÝĂ÷ŠćÜöćÖǰ ǰ

*ĴNǰTPǰTPSSZ ǰ

ĕĂöďǰēàǰàĂøŤóøĊǰ

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ÞîĆ ĀüÜĆ üŠćđøć÷ÜĆ ÝąđðŨî *ǰIPQFǰXFǰDBOǰTUJMMǰCFǰGSJFOET ǰ

đóĂČę îÖîĆ îąǰ ĕĂǰēăóǰüĊǰĒÙîǰÿìúĉ ǰïĊǰđôøîéďÿǰ

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öĆîđðîŨ Ùüćöñéĉ ×ĂÜǰǰǰǰ *U TǰNZǰGBVMU ǰ

ÞĆîđĂÜǰǰ Ăìĉ ÿďǰĕöǰôĂúìďǰ

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ÞĆî×Ăēìþéšü÷ìĊęÞĆîǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ * NǰTPSSZǰ* NǰMBUF ǰ

öćÿć÷ǰ ĕĂöǰď àĂøŤøĊǰĕĂöďǰđúìǰ

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ÖćøêĂïøïĆ ÙćĞ ×Ăēìþǰ

ǰ 5IBUĴTǰBMMǰSJHIU ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

ĕöŠđðŨîĕøǰǰǰ

ǰ Ēíìÿǰď ĂĂúǰĕøìďǰ

Ă÷ŠćÖÜĆ üúĕðđú÷ǰ ǰ

%POĴUǰXPSSZǰ BCPVUǰJU
ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

ǰ ēéîìǰď đüĂøĊǰ Ăąđïćìǰď Ăìĉ
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ĀîĆÜÿĂČ đÿøöĉ ÙüćöøšĎõćþćĂćđà÷Ċ îǰßčéÖǰ ćøÿǰ ęČĂÿćøĔǰîßǰ üĊ êĉ ðǰ øąÝćĞ ǰüĆîǰǰõćþćĂĆÜÖùþ

ĕööŠ ðĊ âŦ Āćǰ /PǰQSPCMFN ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ
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ēîǰóøĂïóđúĉöǰ
ÞĆîĔĀĂš õĆ÷Ùčèǰ
ǰ ǰ
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*ǰGPSHJWFǰZPV ǰ

ĕĂǰôĂøŤÖĉôüóǰ÷Ďǰ

ĀîÜĆ ÿČĂđÿøĉöÙüćöøõĎš ćþćĂćđà÷Ċ îǰßčéÖǰ ćøÿǰ ęĂČ ÿćøǰĔîǰßüĊ êĉ ǰðøąÝĞćüǰ îĆ ǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

ĀîĆÜÿĂČ đÿøöĉ ÙüćöøĎšõćþćĂćđà÷Ċ îǰßéč Öǰ ćøǰÿęĂČ ÿćøĔǰîǰßüĊ êĉ ðǰ øąÝćĞ üǰ ĆîǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

ïììĊęǰǰ ǰǰǰ

Ùèč ÙĉéĂ÷ŠćÜĕøǰ

ǰ

đøęĂČ ÜìĊęǰ ǰǰÿćĞ îüîìęĔĊ ßšÿĂïëćöđÖ÷ęĊ üÖïĆ ÙüćöÙĉéđĀĘîǰǰ
ǰ

ǰ

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ǰ 8IBUǰEPǰZPVǰUIJOLǰBCPVUļ ǰ
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ǰ üĂìǰéĎǰ÷ǰĎ íÜĉ Ùǰď Ăąđïćìďǰ ǰ
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Ùèč ÙĉéĂ÷ćŠ ÜĕøđÖ÷Ċę üÖĆïǰ
ǰ %PǰZPVǰBHSFFǰUIBUļļ ǰ
éǰĎ ÷ĎǰĂąÖøǰĊ Ēíì ǰ
ÙčèđĀĘîéüš ÷ÖĆï
ĀøČĂĕöŠǰ ǰ

ÿĞćîüîìĔĊę ßêš Ăïǰǰ ǰ

ǰ *OǰNZǰPQJOJPO
ǰļļļǰǰǰ
Ăîĉ ǰĕöǰēĂóîĉ đ÷îĉ ǰǰǰ
ĔîÙüćöÙĉéđĀîĘ ×ĂÜÞîĆ *OǰNZǰQPJOUǰPGǰWJFX
ǰļ ǰ
Ăîĉ ǰĕöǰóĂ÷îìǰď ĂĂôǰüĉüǰ ǰ
ǰ

ĀîÜĆ ÿČĂđÿøöĉ ÙüćöøõšĎ ćþćĂćđàĊ÷îǰßčéǰÖćøǰÿĂęČ ÿćøĔǰîǰßĊüĉêðǰ øąÝćĞ üǰ îĆ ǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

ÞĆîđĀîĘ éüš ÷ǰǰ *ǰUIJOLǰTP ǰ

ǰ ĕĂǰíĉÜÙďǰēàǰ

*ǰBHSFFǰXJUIǰZPV ǰ

ĕĂǰĂąÖøĊǰüíĉ ǰ÷ǰĎ

ǰ

ÞîĆ ĕöđŠ ĀĘîéšü÷ ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ *ǰEPO UǰUIJOLǰTP ǰǰǰ

ǰ ĕĂǰēéîìďǰíÜĉ Ùďǰēàǰ

*ǰEJTBHSFF ǰ

ĕĂǰéÿĉ ĂąÖøĊǰ

ÞĆîĕöŠöĊÙüćöđĀĘîǰ ǰ

*ǰIBWFǰOPǰJEFB ǰ

ǰ ĕĂǰĒăôüǰēîǰĕĂđé÷Ċ ǰ

đéîĉ àČĂĚ ×ĂÜǰǰ ǰ

ǰ

ÿćĞ îüîìęĊĔßëš ćöđöĂČę ĔĀïš øĉÖćøǰǰ

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ÞĆîݹߊü÷ĂąĕøÙčèĕéïš šćÜǰǰǰ 8IBUǰDBOǰ*ǰEPǰGPSǰZPV ǰ

ǰ üĂìǰĒÙîǰĕĂǰéĎǰôĂøŤǰ÷Ďǰ

ǰ

ÙčèÖćĞ úÜĆ öĂÜĀćĂąĕøĂ÷ŠĎǰ 8IBUǰBSFǰZPVǰMPPLJOHǰGPS ǰ

ǰ üĂìǰĂćǰ÷ĎǰúÙč ÙĉÜǰôĂøŤǰ

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ĀîĆÜÿČĂđÿøĉöÙüćöøšõĎ ćþćĂćđàĊ÷îǰßčéǰÖćøÿǰ ČĂę ÿćøǰĔîǰßüĊ êĉ ðǰ øąÝĞćǰüĆîǰǰõćþćĂĆÜÖùþ

ÞĆîÝąßüŠ ÷ÙčèĕéšĕĀöǰǰǰ $BOǰ*ǰIFMQǰZPV ǰ

ĒÙîǰĕĂǰđăúóǰď ÷Ďǰ

.BZǰ*ǰIFMQǰZPV ǰ

đöǰĕĂǰđăúóǰď ÷Ďǰ

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ÙčèêšĂÜÖćøÙüćöߊü÷đĀúČĂ %PǰZPVǰOFFEǰTPNFǰIFMQ ǰ

øđċ ðúŠćǰǰǰ éǰĎ ÷ǰĎ îĊéǰàĆöǰđăúóďǰ

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ÿĞćîüîìĔęĊ ßêš Ăïǰǰ ǰ

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ÞĆîÖĞćúĆÜĀć Ă÷ŠĎǰǰǰǰ * NǰMPPLJOHǰGPSļļļ ǰ

ǰ ĕĂöǰď účÙÙĉÜǰôĂøŤǰ ǰ

ǰ

ÞĆîêĂš ÜÖćø ǰǰǰ *ǰXBOUļļļļļļ ǰ

ǰ ĕĂǰüĂîìďǰ ǰ

đøĂČę ÜìĊęǰ ǰǰÖćøĔĀšïøÖĉ ćøéšćîêćŠ Üǰėǰ

ǰ

ÿëćîêĊ ĞćøüÝǰ

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ĀîĆÜÿĂČ đÿøöĉ ÙüćöøĎõš ćþćĂćđà÷Ċ îǰßčéǰÖćøÿǰ ĂęČ ÿćøĔǰîǰßüĊ êĉ ðǰ øąÝćĞ ǰüĆîǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

öćúǰĊ ÞîĆ ìćĞ ĀîÜĆ ÿČĂđéĉîìćÜ .BMFF
ǰ*ǰMPTUǰNZǰQBTTQPSU ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ
Āć÷ǰǰ öćúǰĊ ĕĂǰúĂÿìǰď ĕöǰĒóÿóóĂøŤìǰǰǰǰ

ÞîĆ ÙüøìćĞ Ă÷ćŠ Üĕøǰ 8IBUǰTIPVMEǰ*ǰEP ǰ
üĂìǰßĎéǰĕĂǰéĎǰ

ÙčèÙüøĕðìęĊÿëćîĊêćĞ øüÝ :PVǰTIPVMEǰHPǰUPǰUIFǰQPMJDFǰ

đóęČĂĒÝÜš đÖĊę÷üÖïĆ đøČęĂÜîĚĊǰ TUBUJPOOǰUPǰJOGPSNǰBCPVUǰUIJTǰ

NBUUFS ǰ

ǰ ÷ĎǰßĎéǰēÖǰìĎǰđíĂąǰēóúÿĊ ǰÿđìóßîĆ ǰìĎǰǰ

ĂĉîôĂøöŤ ǰĂąđïćìďǰíĉÿǰĒöìóđìĂąǰ

ǰ

ÿüÿĆ éĊêĂîđßćš ÙøĆïǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ (PPEǰNPSOJOH
ǰNBEBNF ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

ÙčèñĀšĎ âÜĉ ǰöĊĂąĕøìęĊñö "SFǰUIFSFǰBOZUIJOHǰ*ǰDBOǰEPǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

ÿćöćøëìĞćđóęČĂÙčèǰ GPSǰZPV ǰ

ǰ ÖĎéǰöĂøŤîĉÜǰĒöéóđéĉöǰĂćǰĒíøŤǰđĂóîíĊ ĉÜǰ

ĕĂǰĒÙîǰéĎǰôĂøŤǰ÷Ďǰ

ǰ

ÿüĆÿéêĊ Ăîđßćš ÙŠąǰìŠćîǰǰǰǰǰǰ (PPEǰNPSOJOH
ǰTJS ǰ*ǰMPTUǰNZǰ

ÞîĆ ìćĞ ĀîÜĆ ÿĂČ đéĉîìćÜĀć÷ QBTTQPSUǰBUǰUIFǰCVTǰUFSNJOBM ǰǰ

ìĊÿę ëćî×Ċ îÿÜŠ ǰ ǰǰ ÖĎéǰöĂøŤîÜĉ ǰđàĂøŤǰĕĂǰúĂÿìǰď ĕöǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

ĒóÿóóĂøìŤ ǰĒĂìǰđíĂąǰïÿĆ ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

đìĂøŤóöąđîúĉ ǰ

ĀîĆÜÿČĂđÿøöĉ ÙüćöøĎõš ćþćĂćđàĊ÷îǰßéč Öǰ ćøÿǰ ČęĂÿćøǰĔîǰßüĊ ĉêǰðøąÝĞćüǰ îĆ ǰǰõćþćĂĆÜÖùþ

öĆîđÖéĉ ×îĚċ đöęČĂĕĀøŠǰ ǰǰ 8IFOǰEJEǰJUǰIBQQFO ǰ
đüîǰéĉéǰĂĉìǰĒăóóđóĉîǰ

ðøąöćèǰ ǰēöÜ×ĂÜÙČî *UǰXBTǰZFTUFSEBZǰOJHIUǰBCPVUǰ ǰ

đöęČĂüćîǰ ǰǰ P DMPDL ǰ

ǰ ĂĉìǰüĂàǰđ÷ÿóđìĂąđéǰĕîìďǰĂąđïćìďǰ

đìîǰĂąÙúĂÙǰ

×ĂñöéĎïĆêøðøąÝĞć ǰ

-FUǰNFǰTFFǰZPVSǰ* % ǰDBSE
ǰ

ðøąßćßî×ĂÜÙčèǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ QMFBTF ǰ

ĀîĂŠ ÷ÙøĆïǰ ǰ ǰǰ đúìǰöǰĊ àĊǰ÷üĆ øŤǰĕĂéǰĊ ÙćøŤéǰóúĊàǰ

ǰ

îĊÙę ąŠ ǰ ǰ ǰǰ )FSFǰJUǰJT ǰ

ǰ đă÷Ċ øǰŤ ĂĉìǰĂĉàǰ

ǰ

îęÙĊ ČĂïĆîìċÖĒÝÜš Ùüćöǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ )FSF TǰQPMJDFǰSFDPSE ǰ:PVǰTIPVMEǰ

ÙčèîĞćïĆîìċÖîĊĚĕðìęĊ CSJOHǰUIJTǰSFDPSEǰUPǰUIFǰFNCBTTZǰ

ÿëćîìêĎ đóęČĂìĞćĀîĆÜÿĂČ UPǰSFJTTVFǰZPVSǰQBTTQPSU ǰ

đéîĉ ìćÜĔĀöŠǰ ǰǰ đăĊ÷øÿŤ ǰēóúĊÿóǰđøÙóđÙøĉ éŤ ǰ÷ǰĎ ßĎéǰïøĉÜǰ

íĉÿǰđøÙóđÙøĉ ŤéǰìĎǰđíĂąǰđĂöóïąàĊǰìĎǰ

øĊĂĉßßĎǰ÷ĆüøŤǰĒóÿóóĂøŤìǰ

ǰ

ĀîÜĆ ÿĂČ đÿøöĉ ÙüćöøĎšõćþćĂćđàĊ÷îǰßéč Öǰ ćøǰÿĂČę ÿćøǰĔîßǰ üĊ êĉ ðǰ øąÝćĞ üǰ ĆîǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

ìĊìę ĞćÖćøĕðøþè÷Ċ Ťǰǰ ǰ
ǰ
ǰ 8IBUǰBSFǰZPVǰEPJOHǰUPEBZ ǰ
ǰ üĂìǰĂćǰ÷ĎǰéĂĎ ĉÜǰìąđéǰ
ǰ
ǰ ǰ

ǰ * NǰHPJOHǰUPǰUIFǰQPTUǰPGGJDF ǰǰǰ
ĕĂöďǰēÖĂĉÜǰìĎǰđíĂąǰēóÿìďǰĂĂôôàŗ ǰ
üĆîîÙĊĚ èč ÝąìćĞ Ăąĕøǰ -BTUǰOJHIUǰ*ǰXSPUFǰBǰMFUUFSǰUPǰǰ
ǰ NZǰGBNJMZ ǰǰǰǰǰ
úćÿìďǰĕîìǰď ĕĂǰēøìǰǰĂąǰđúìóđìĂąǰìĎǰ
ÞîĆ ÝąĕðìĊìę ĞćÖćøĕðøþèĊ÷ǰŤ ĕöǰĒôóöĉúĊǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ
đöĂęČ ÙîČ ÞĆîđ×÷Ċ îÝéĀöć÷ëÜċ
ÙøĂïÙøĆü×ĂÜÞĆîǰ

ēĂǰÞĆîÖÝĘ ąÿÜŠ óĆÿéčĒúąàČĂĚ 0I ǰ*ǰXPVMEǰMJLFǰUPǰTFOEǰǰ
Ēÿêöðéş šü÷ǰ ǰ BǰQBSDFMǰBOEǰCVZǰTUBNQT
ǰUPP ǰ
ǰ ēĂǰĕĂǰüéĎ ĕúÙǰď ìǰĎ đàîéďǰĂąǰóćøŤóđàúĉ ǰ
ĒĂîéǰď ïć÷ǰÿĒìöóďÿǰìǰĎ ǰ
ǰ

ĀîÜĆ ÿČĂđÿøöĉ ÙüćöøšõĎ ćþćĂćđàĊ÷îǰßčéÖǰ ćøÿǰ ęČĂÿćøǰĔîßǰ üĊ êĉ ðǰ øąÝĞćǰüîĆ ǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

ĕðÖĆîđëĂąǰ -FU TǰHP ǰ
ǰ đúìàǰď ēÖǰ

ÞîĆ ÝąÿÜŠ ÝéĀöć÷îĊĚĕð ǰ
ðøąđìýĕì÷ǰ
ǰ *ǰXPVMEǰMJLFǰUPǰTFOEǰUIJTǰMFUUFSǰ
UPǰ5IBJMBOE ǰǰǰ
ÞîĆ êĂš ÜÝŠć÷ÙćŠ Ēÿêöðşǰ
đìćŠ ĕĀøŠǰ ĕĂǰüĎéǰĕúÙǰď ìǰĎ đàîéďǰíĉÿǰđúìóđìĂąǰìĎǰ
ĕì÷Ēúîéďǰ
ÿĂÜéĂúúćøŤÿĀøåĆ ǰîÙĊę øïĆ ǰ
ǰ ǰ

ǰ )PXǰNVDIǰXJMMǰ*ǰQBZǰGPSǰBǰTUBNQ ǰ
đăćǰößĆ ǰüĉúǰĕĂǰđóǰôĂøŤǰĂąǰÿĒìöóďǰ
×ĂïÙčèÙŠąǰ
ǰ ǰ

ĕöđŠ ðŨîĕøÙøïĆ ǰ 5XPǰ6 4 ǰEPMMBST ǰ)FSFǰJUǰJT ǰǰ
ǰ ìĎǰ÷ǰĎ đĂÿǰéĂúúćøŤàǰđă÷Ċ øǰŤ Ăìĉ ǰĂĉàǰ

×ĂēìþÙŠąǰÞĆîêšĂÜÖćøÿŠÜ ǰ
óĆÿéčîĕĚĊ ððøąđìýĕì÷ǰǰ
ǰ 5IBOLǰZPV ǰ

ĒíÜÙďóǰ÷Ďǰ

ǰ

:PV SFǰXFMDPNF ǰ

÷üĆ øŤǰđüúóđÙĉöǰ

ǰ

&YDVTFǰNF
ǰ*ǰXPVMEǰMJLFǰUPǰTFOEǰ
UIJTǰQBSDFMǰUPǰ5IBJMBOE ǰ

đĂÙÿÙüĉ àóǰöĊǰĕĂǰüĎéǰĕúÙǰď ìǰĎ đàîéǰď íÿĉ ǰ
óćøđŤ àĉúǰìĎǰĕì÷Ēúîéďǰ

ĀîĆÜÿČĂđÿøöĉ ÙüćöøšõĎ ćþćĂćđà÷Ċ îǰßéč ǰÖćøǰÿĂęČ ÿćøĔǰîßǰ üĊ êĉ ǰðøąÝĞćüǰ îĆ ǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

Ĕßđš üúćÖęĊüĆîÝćÖìęîĊ ĕęĊ ð )PXǰNBOZǰEBZTǰEPFTǰJUǰUBLFǰGSPNǰ

ðøąđìýĕì÷ǰ IFSFǰUPǰ5IBJMBOE ǰ

ǰ đăćǰđöîǰĊ đéàǰéĆàǰĂĉìǰđìÙǰôøĂöǰ

đă÷Ċ øŤǰìĎǰĕì÷Ēúîéďǰ

ÞĆîêšĂÜÝŠć÷đìćŠ ĕĀøŠǰ ǰ

)PXǰNVDIǰEPǰ*ǰIBWFǰUPǰQBZ ǰ

ǰ đăćǰößĆ ǰéĎǰĕĂǰĒăôüǰìǰĎ đóǰ

ǰ ǰ

íîćÙćøǰ

ǰ )PXǰNVDIǰEPǰZPVǰXBOUǰUPǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ

Ùèč êšĂÜÖćøĒúÖđðú÷ęĊ î

đìćŠ ĕĀøŠ ǰ DIBOHF ǰ

đăćǰđöîǰĊ éĎǰ÷ĎǰüĂîìďǰìǰĎ đßîÝďǰ

ǰ

ÞĆîêšĂÜÖćøĒúÖǰ ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ *ǰXBOUǰUPǰDIBOHFǰ ǰǰ

éĂúúŠćøŤǰ ĕĂǰüĂîìǰď ìĎǰđßîÝǰď ìđüîìǰĊ éĂúúćøŤàǰ

ǰ

ÞîĆ ×Ă×Ěîċ đÜîĉ đßÙĘ đéĉîìćÜǰ $BOǰ*ǰDBTIǰTPNFǰUSBWFMMFSTǰDIFRVFT ǰ

ĕéšĕĀö ǰ ĒÙîǰĕĂǰĒÙßǰàöĆ ǰĒìøóđüúĉ đúĂÿǰđßÙÿǰ

ĀîĆÜÿČĂđÿøöĉ ÙüćöøõĎš ćþćĂćđàĊ÷îǰßéč ǰÖćøǰÿČęĂÿćøǰĔîßǰ Ċüêĉ ǰðøąÝĞćüǰ ĆîǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

ÖøčèćđàîĘ ßČęĂêøÜîĚĊǰǰ 4JHOǰIFSF
ǰQMFBTF ǰ

ǰ ĕàîďǰđăĊ÷øǰŤ óúĊàǰ

ǰ

ÙčèêšĂÜÖćøĒúÖđðŨîđÜîĉ )PXǰXPVMEǰZPVǰMJLFǰUPǰIBWFǰJU ǰǰ

íîïêĆ øßîĉéĕĀî ǰ đăćǰüéĎ ǰ÷ǰĎ ĕúÙďǰìĎǰĒăôüǰĂĉìǰ

ǰ

Ùèč êšĂÜÖćøíîïĆêøĀøČĂ %PǰZPVǰXBOUǰOPUFTǰPSǰDPJOT ǰ

đĀø÷Ċ â ǰǰ éǰĎ ÷ĎǰüĂîìďǰēîìÿǰĂĂøŤǰÙĂ÷îďàďǰ

ǰ

ÞĆîĂ÷ćÖÝąđðéŗ ïĆâßìĊ ęĊîęĊǰ * EǰMJLFǰUPǰPQFOǰBOǰBDDPVOUǰIFSF ǰ

ǰ ĕĂéďǰĕúÙǰď ìǰĎ ēĂđóĉîǰĒĂîéďǰĂąđÙćîìďóǰ

đă÷Ċ øŤǰ

ïâĆ ßĂĊ ĂöìøóĆ ÷Ťǰ ǰ

BǰTBWJOHǰBDDPVOUǰ

ǰ ĂąǰđàóüÜĉ ǰĂąđÙćîìďóǰ

ïâĆ ßĊđÜîĉ òćÖðøąÝćĞ ǰ ǰ

BǰGJYFEǰBDDPVOUǰǰ

ǰ ĂąǰôÙŗ àéď ďǰĂąđÙćîìďóǰ

ǰ

ÞîĆ ×ĂëĂîđÜîĉ ǰ
ǰïćìǰ $BOǰ*ǰESBXǰ
ǰCBIU ǰǰ

ǰ ĒÙîǰĕĂǰéøĂǰüĆîǰđíćóđàĉîéďǰïćìǰ

ǰ

ÞĆî×Ă×ċĚîđßĘÙîĊĚđðŨîđÜĉîÿéǰ $BOǰ*ǰDBTIǰUIJTǰDIFRVF ǰǰ

ǰ ĒÙîǰĕĂǰĒÙßǰíĉÿǰđßÙǰ

ǰ

ĀîĆÜÿČĂđÿøöĉ ÙüćöøĎõš ćþćĂćđàĊ÷îǰßčéÖǰ ćøÿǰ ČęĂÿćøǰĔîǰßĊüêĉ ǰðøąÝĞćüǰ îĆ ǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

ÞîĆ ÝąĒúÖđÜîĉ ĕéšìĊęĕĀîǰ 8IFSFǰDBOǰ*ǰDIBOHFǰTPNFǰNPOFZ ǰǰ
ǰ
ĒüøŤǰĒÙîǰĕĂǰđßîÝǰď àĆöǰöĆîîĊǰ
ĂêĆ øćĒúÖđðú÷ęĊ îüĆîîĊĚ
đìćŠ ĕø ǰ ǰ

đÜîĉ ÿÖčúĂąĕø ǰ 8IBU TǰUIFǰDVSSFODZǰSBUFǰUPEBZ ǰ
ǰ
üĂìàďǰđíĂąǰđÙĂóđøĉîóàĊǰđøìǰǰìąđéǰ
Öćø×ĂïÙčèǰǰ
ǰ
ǰ
8IBUǰDVSSFODZ
ǰ.BEBN ǰǰ
×ĂïÙčèǰ öćÖ
ǰ
ǰ üĂìǰđÙĂóđøîĉ àǰĊ Ēöéóđéĉöǰ

×ĂïÙčèÿĞćĀøïĆ Ùüćö ǰ
ßüŠ ÷đĀúČĂ×ĂÜÙčèǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ñöøÿšĎ ċÖðøąìïĆ ĔÝÝøÜĉ ǰėǰ
ǰ 5IBOLTǰZPVǰǰ WFSZǰNVDI
ǰ

ĒíÜÙďàďóǰ÷Ďǰ đüøĊǰöĆß
ǰ

ǰ

5IBOLǰZPVǰGPSǰZPVSǰIFMQ ǰ

ĒíÜÙďóǰ÷ǰĎ ôĂøŤǰ÷üĆ øǰŤ đăúóďǰ

ǰ

*ǰSFBMMZǰBQQSFDJBUFǰUIBU ǰ

ĕĂǰđø÷Ċ úúĊǰĂąóøĊóßĊđĂìǰĒíìǰ

ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ

ĀîĆÜÿĂČ đÿøĉöÙüćöøĎšõćþćĂćđà÷Ċ îǰßčéǰÖćøÿǰ ęĂČ ÿćøǰĔîßǰ Ċüêĉ ðǰ øąÝĞćǰüĆîǰǰõćþćĂĆÜÖùþ

ÖćøêĂïøïĆ ÙćĞ ×ĂïÙèč ǰ ǰ

ǰ :PVĴSFǰXFMDPNF ǰ

ĕöŠđðŨîĕøǰ

÷ĆüøŤǰđüúđÙöĉ ǰ

/PUǰBUǰBMM ǰ

îĂìǰĒĂìǰĂĂúǰ

*U TǰOPUIJOH ǰǰ

Ăìĉ àďǰîíĆ íĉÜǰ

5IBU TǰBMMǰSJHIU 5IBU Tǰ0 , ǰǰ

ĒíìàďǰĂĂúǰĕøìď ĒíìàďǰēĂđÙǰ

ǰ

ĀîÜĆ ÿĂČ đÿøöĉ ÙüćöøĎšõćþćĂćđà÷Ċ îǰßčéǰÖćøǰÿĂęČ ÿćøǰĔîßǰ üĊ êĉ ǰðøąÝćĞ ǰüĆîǰǰõćþćĂĆÜÖùþ

ĀîĆÜÿĂČ đÿøöĉ ÙüćöøĎšõćþćĂćđà÷Ċ îǰßéč Öǰ ćøǰÿęĂČ ÿćøĔǰîǰßüĊ êĉ ðǰ øąÝćĞ üǰ ĆîǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

ïììęǰĊ ǰ
ēøÜĒøöĒúąøšćîĂćĀćøǰ
ǰǰ

đøęČĂÜìĊęǰ ǰÖćøđ×ćš óĆÖĔîēøÜĒøöǰǰǰ

ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ
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ǰ
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ÞĆîêĂš ÜÖćøÝĂÜĀšĂÜóÖĆ ǰ *ǰXPVMEǰMJLFǰUPǰNBLFǰBǰIPUFMǰ

SFTFSWBUJPO ǰ

ǰ ĕĂǰüĎéǰĕúÙďǰìĎǰđöÙǰĂąǰēăđìúóǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

đøÿđàĂøđŤ üóßîĆ ǰ

ǰ

ÞîĆ ÝąöćóÖĆ ĔîüîĆ ìęĊļļ ǰ *ǰXJMMǰCFǰBSSJWJOHǰPOļļǰ
ǰ ĕĂǰüüĉ ǰïĊǰĂąĕøôüĉÜǰĂĂîļǰ

ǰǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ǰ

ĀîÜĆ ÿČĂđÿøöĉ ÙüćöøšõĎ ćþćĂćđàĊ÷îǰßéč ǰÖćøǰÿĂęČ ÿćøǰĔîǰßüĊ êĉ ðǰ øąÝĞćüǰ ĆîǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

ÞĆîĂ÷ćÖĕéĀš šĂÜđé÷Ċę üǰ ǰǰǰǰ *ǰXPVMEǰMJLFǰBǰTJOHMFǰCFEǰSPPNǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

ǰÙîČ ǰ GPSǰ ǰOJHIUT ǰ

ǰ ĕĂǰüĎéǰĕúÙǰď ĂąǰàÜĉ đÖĉúǰđïéǰøĎöǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

ôĂøǰŤ íøǰĊ ĕîìďÿďǰ

ǰǰ

ÞĆîĂ÷ćÖĕéĀš šĂÜǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ *ǰOFFEǰBǰOPOTNPLJOHǰSPPN ǰ

ĒïïĕöŠÿĎïïĀč øĊęǰ ĕĂǰîĊéǰĂąǰîĂîǰÿēöÙÖÜĉ ǰøöĎ ǰ

ǰ
ǰ

đøęĂČ ÜìĊǰę ǰÖćøßĞćøąđÜîĉ ĒúąĂĂÖÝćÖēøÜĒøöǰ

ǰǰ

ÿüÿĆ éĊÙąŠ ÙøĆïǰ ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ (PPEǰNPSOJOH
ǰ4JS ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

öĂĊ ąĕøĔĀšßŠü÷ĕĀöÙŠą ÙøïĆ ǰǰǰ ÖéĎ ǰöĂøŤóîĉÜǰđàĂøǰŤ ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

ǰ $BOǰ*ǰIFMQǰZPV ǰ

ĒÙîǰĕĂǰđăúóďǰ÷Ďǰ

ǰ

ÞĆîêšĂÜÖćøßćĞ øąđÜîĉ ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ * EǰMJLFǰUPǰQBZǰNZǰCJMMǰOPX ǰǰ

ÙŠćĀšĂÜóÖĆ ǰ ĕĂéďǰĕúÙďǰìǰĎ đóǰĕöǰïĉúǰǰđîćǰǰǰ

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ßęĂČ ĒúąĀöć÷đú×ĀĂš ÜóĆÖ :PVSǰOBNFǰBOEǰSPPNǰOVNCFS
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×ĂÜÙčèúąŠ ÙŠą ÙøĆïǰ ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ QMFBTF ǰ

ǰ ÷ĆüøŤǰđîöǰĒĂîéďǰøöĎ ǰîĆöóđïĂąǰóúĊàǰ

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ĀîÜĆ ÿČĂđÿøĉöÙüćöøĎšõćþćĂćđàĊ÷îǰßčéǰÖćøǰÿČęĂÿćøǰĔîǰßüĊ ĉêðǰ øąÝĞćǰüîĆ ǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

ÝĂøÝŤ ǰĕøìǰŤ ǰĀĂš Ü (FPSHFǰ8SJHIUǰ3PPNǰ ǰ

ǰ ÝĂøÝŤ ǰĕøìŤǰøĎöǰđàôüóđüîĉ ǰàĊóēøǰàÙĉ àďǰ

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êĂîđßćš îĊĚÙčèĕéĔš ßšǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ )BWFǰZPVǰVTFEǰBOZǰIPUFMǰTFSWJDFǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

ïøĉÖćø×ĂÜìćÜēøÜĒøö UIJTǰNPSOJOH ǰ

ĂąĕøïšćÜÙŠą ÙøïĆ ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ Ēăôüǰ÷Ďǰ÷ĎàéďǰđĂîóîĊǰēăđìúóǰđàĂøŤóüĉÿǰ ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

íÿĊ ǰöĂøŤóîĉÜǰ

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ĕöŠđú÷ǰÞĆîĕöŠĕéšĔßšïøĉÖćø /P
ǰ*ǰIBWFO UǰVTFEǰBOZǰTFSWJDFT ǰ

Ăąĕøđú÷ǰ ēîǰĕĂǰĒăôóđüĉîìďǰ÷ĎàǰđĂîóîĊǰđàĂøŤóüĉÿàĉÿǰ

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ÞîĆ ÝąÿćöćøëßćĞ øąēé÷ $BOǰ*ǰQBZǰCZǰDSFEJUǰDBSE ǰ

ïêĆ øđÙøéĉêĕéšĕĀöǰ ĒÙîǰĕĂǰđóǰïć÷ǰđÙøéóéìĉ ǰÙćøŤéǰǰ

ĕéÙš Šą ÙøïĆ ǰǰǰǰǰǰ ǰ

$FSUBJOMZ ǰǰ

ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ đàĂóđìĉîúĊǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

×ĂïêĆ øÙèč ĀîĂŠ ÷ÙŠą ÙøĆïǰ ǰǰ .BZǰ*ǰIBWFǰZPVSǰDBSE
ǰQMFBTF ǰ

ǰ đöǰĕĂǰĒăôüǰ÷ĆüøǰŤ ÙćøéŤ ǰóúĊàǰ

ǰ ǰ

îęĊÙąŠ ÙøïĆ )FSFǰZPVǰBSF ǰ

ǰ đă÷Ċ øǰŤ ÷ĎǰĂćǰ

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ĀîÜĆ ÿČĂđÿøöĉ ÙüćöøšĎõćþćĂćđàĊ÷îǰßéč ǰÖćøǰÿęČĂÿćøǰĔîǰßüĊ êĉ ǰðøąÝćĞ ǰüîĆ ǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

ÖøčèćđàĘîßęČĂêøÜîÙĚĊ Šą ÙøïĆ 1MFBTFǰTJHOǰZPVSǰOBNFǰIFSF ǰ

ǰ óúĊàǰĕàîďǰ÷üĆ øŤǰđîöǰđăĊ÷øŤǰ

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ÿĆöõćøą×ĂÜÙčèǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ )PXǰNBOZǰQJFDFTǰPGǰZPVSǰMVHHBHF ǰ

öĊÖęĊßĚĉîÙąŠ ÙøïĆ ǰ đăćǰđöóîĊǰóÿĊ àĉÿǰĂĂôüǰ÷ĆüøǰŤ úÖĆ óÖÝĉ ďǰ

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üîĆ î×ĚĊ ĂĔĀšÿîčÖîąÙŠą ÙøĆï )BWFǰBǰOJDFǰEBZ ǰ

ǰ ĒăôüǰĂąǰĕîàďǰđéǰ

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×ĂïÙčèÙŠą ÙøĆïǰĒúšüóï 5IBOLǰZPV ǰ4FFǰZPVǰMBUFS ǰ

ÖĆîĔĀöŠǰ ĒíÜÙďóǰ÷ĎǰàĊǰ÷ĎǰđúóđìĂąǰ

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đøČĂę ÜìǰęĊ ǰēøÜĒøöĒúąøćš îĂćĀćøǰ

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ÿüÿĆ éǰĊ öĊēêŢąüŠćÜ ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ (PPEǰFWFOJOH
ǰIBWFǰZPVǰHPUǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

ÿĞćĀøïĆ ǰ ǰÙîĕĀöǰ BǰUBCMFǰGPSǰ ǰǰ

ǰ ÖĎéǰĂĊôüóîĉÜǰĒăôüǰ÷ĎǰÖĂìǰĂąǰđìóđïúĉ ǰôĂøŤǰìĎǰ

ĀîÜĆ ÿĂČ đÿøöĉ ÙüćöøšĎõćþćĂćđà÷Ċ îǰßéč ǰÖćøǰÿČęĂÿćøĔǰîǰßüĊ ĉêǰðøąÝćĞ üǰ ĆîǰǰõćþćĂÜĆ Öùþ

×ĂēêŢąÿĞćĀøïĆ ǰ ǰÙî * EǰMJLFǰBǰUBCMFǰGPSǰUXP ǰ

ǰ ĕĂéďǰĕúÙďǰĂąǰđìóđïúĉ ǰôĂøŤǰìĎǰ

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ēêŢąêøÜöčöîîĚĆ ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ *TǰUIBUǰUBCMFǰJOǰUIFǰDPSOFSǰSFTFSWFE ǰǰ

ÝĂÜĒúüš ĀøĂČ ÷ĆÜǰ Ăàĉ ǰĒíìǰđìóđïĉúǰĂĉîǰđíĂąǰÙĂøŤóđîĂąǰøđĉ àĉøŤôéďǰ

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×ĂēìþǰǰēêŢąêüĆ îĚĊǰ ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ &YDVTFǰNF
ǰJTǰUIJTǰUBCMFǰUBLFO ǰǰ

ÝĂÜĒúüš ĀøČĂ÷ĆÜǰ đĂÙÿÙüĉ àóǰöĊǰĂĉàǰíÿĊ ǰđìóđïúĉ ǰđìóđÙĉîǰ

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ÞîĆ êšĂÜÖćøĕéēš êŢąǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ * EǰQSFGFSǰBǰUBCMFǰJOǰUIFǰDFOUSF ǰǰ

êøÜÖúćÜǰėǰöćÖÖüŠćǰ ĕĂéďǰóøĊđôĂøŤǰĂąǰđìóđïĉúǰĂĉîǰđíĂąǰđàîóđìĂąǰ

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đøćđĂćēêąŢ ÿĂÜêĆüîęĊǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ $BOǰXFǰQVUǰUIFTFǰUXPǰUBCMFTǰUPHFUIFS ǰ

öćêŠĂÖĆîĕéšĕĀöǰ ĒÙîǰüǰĊ óčìǰíĊàǰìĎǰđìóđïĉúàďǰìąđÖíóđíĂąǰ

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ÙčèÝąöćøüŠ öøĆïðøąìćîǰ 8JMMǰZPVǰKPJOǰVTǰGPSǰBǰNFBM ǰǰ

ĂćĀćøÖĆïđøćĕĀöǰ üĉúǰ÷ǰĎ ÝĂ÷îďǰĂĆÿǰôĂøǰŤ ĂąǰöúĊ ǰ

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ßüŠ ÷ìĞćÙüćöÿąĂćéēêąŢ $BOǰZPVǰDMFBOǰUIFǰUBCMF
ǰQMFBTF ǰǰ

ĔĀšéšü÷ĕéĕš Āöǰ ĒÙîǰ÷ǰĎ ÙúîĊ ǰđíĂąǰđìóđïĉúǰóúĊàǰ

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đĂćñćš đßĘéðćÖöćĔĀšÞĆî $BOǰZPVǰCSJOHǰNFǰBǰOBQLJO ǰ

éšü÷ĕéšĕĀöǰ ĒÙîǰ÷ĎǰïøÜĉ ǰöǰĊ ĂąǰĒîóóÙîĉ ǰ

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ĀîĆÜÿČĂđÿøĉöÙüćöøšĎõćþćĂćđàĊ÷îǰßéč Öǰ ćøǰÿĂČę ÿćøǰĔîǰßüĊ ĉêǰðøąÝĞćüǰ îĆ ǰǰõćþćĂĆÜÖùþ

ĂćĀćøóĉđýþ×ĂÜìîęĊ Ċę ǰǰǰǰǰǰ 8IBU TǰUIFǰTQFDJBMǰEJTIǰIFSF ǰ

öĂĊ ąĕøǰ üĂìàďǰđíĂąǰÿđóóđßĉúǰéĊßǰđă÷Ċ øŤǰ

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ĂćĀćøóĉđýþ×ĂÜüĆîîĊĚǰǰǰǰǰ 8IBU TǰUPEBZ TǰTQFDJBMǰEJTI ǰǰ

öĂĊ ąĕøǰ üĂìàďǰìđĎ é÷ŤàǰÿđóóđßĉúǰéĊßǰ

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ÝąêĂš ÜÙĂ÷îćîĕĀö 8JMMǰJUǰUBLFǰMPOH ǰǰ

ǰ üüĉ ǰĂĉìǰđìÙǰúĂÜǰ

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öĂĊ ąĕøìđĊę ÿøĘÝĂ÷ŠĒĎ úüš ïćš Üǰ "SFǰUIFSFǰBOZǰSFBEZ NBEFǰEJTIFT ǰǰ

ĂćǰĒíøǰŤ đĂîîĊǰđøéóéĊǰđöéǰéßĉ ďđàÿǰ

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öõĊ êĆ êćÙćøĂ÷ŠĎĒëüėǰîĊĚǰ ǰ *TǰUIFSFǰBǰSFTUBVSBOUǰOFBSǰIFSF ǰ

ïšćÜĕĀöǰ ĂĉàǰĒíøŤǰĂąǰđøÿóìąøĂîìďǰđîĊ÷øǰŤ đăĊ÷øŤǰ

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ÞĆîÝąĕðĀć×ĂÜüćŠ Üǰ 8IFSFǰDBOǰ*ǰGJOEǰTPNFǰTOBDL ǰ

ìćîĕéšìęĊĕĀîǰ ĒüøǰŤ ĒÙîǰĕĂǰĕôîďéďǰàĆöǰÿĒîÙǰ

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ÙčèĒîąîćĞ õĆêêćÙćøǰǰǰǰǰǰ

ìęĊéĊėǰĒêŠìĊęĕöŠĒóÜǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

ĔĀšÞîĆ ĕéšĕĀöǰ ĒÙîǰ÷ĎǰàÖĆ đÝÿìďǰöǰĊ ĂąǰÖéĎ ǰĂĉîĂĉÙÿđóîóàĊôüǰ

đøÿóìąøĂîìďǰ

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ĀîÜĆ ÿĂČ đÿøĉöÙüćöøšõĎ ćþćĂćđà÷Ċ îǰßčéǰÖćøÿǰ ČĂę ÿćøĔǰîßǰ üĊ ĉêðǰ øąÝćĞ üǰ îĆ ǰǰõćþćĂĆÜÖùþ

ĔîēøÜĒøööĊõĆêêćÙćøǰǰǰǰǰ )PXǰNBOZǰSFTUBVSBOUTǰBSFǰUIFSFǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

Ă÷ÖĎŠ ęĒĊ ĀÜŠ ǰ JOǰUIFǰIPUFM ǰǰ

ǰ đăćǰđöóîĊǰđøÿvìąøĂîìďǰĂćǰĒíøǰŤ ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

ĂĉîǰđíĂąǰēăđìúóǰ

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Ùèč ïøĉÖćøĂćĀćøđßćš ǰǰǰǰǰǰ 8IFSFǰEPǰZPVǰTFSWFǰCSFBLGBTU ǰ

ìęĊĕĀîǰ ĒüøŤǰéǰĎ ÷ĎǰđàĉøôŤ üǰđïøÙóôćÿìďǰ

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ÙĂôôŘßũ ĘĂó×ĂÜēøÜĒøö 5IFǰIPUFMǰDPGGFFǰTIPQǰJTǰPQFOǰEBZǰ ǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ

đðŗéêúĂéüîĆ êúĂéÙČî BOEǰOJHIU ǰǰ

ǰ đíĂąǰēăđìúóǰÙĂôôŘǰßĂóǰĂĉàǰēĂóđóĉîǰđéǰǰǰ

ĒĂîéďǰĕîìďǰ

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ĕðìćîĂćĀćøÖúćÜüĆîǰǰǰǰ 4IBMMǰXFǰIBWFǰTPNFǰMVODI ǰ

ÖĆîĕĀöǰ ĒàúǰüǰĊ ĒăôüǰàöĆ ǰúĆîàďǰǰ

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ÞîĆ ìćîĂćĀćøÖúćÜüĆî * WFǰIBEǰNZǰMVODIǰBMSFBEZ ǰ

đø÷Ċ ïøšĂ÷Ēúšüǰ ĕĂüǰĒăéǰĕöǰúĆîàďǰĂĂúđøéóéĊǰǰ

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ÙîČ îĚđĊ øćÝąìćîĂćĀćø "SFǰXFǰIBWJOHǰEJOOFSǰUPHFUIFSǰUPOJHIU ǰǰ

éüš ÷ÖĆîĀøČĂđðúćŠ ǰ ĂćǰüĊǰĒăôüĉÜǰéîĉ óđîĂøŤǰìąđÖíóđíĂąǰìĎĕîìďǰ

ÞîĆ ĀĉüöćÖǰǰǰǰǰǰǰ ǰ

* NǰWFSZǰIVOHSZ ǰǰ

ǰ ĕĂöďǰđüóøǰĊ ăÜĆ óÖøĊǰ

ĀîÜĆ ÿĂČ đÿøöĉ ÙüćöøšĎõćþćĂćđàĊ÷îǰßéč Öǰ ćøǰÿČĂę ÿćøǰĔîǰßĊüêĉ ðǰ øąÝĞćǰüĆîǰǰõćþćĂĆÜÖùþ