Aturkana360 Magazine Issue 001

A URKAN36 Magazine



Issue 001:
Issue 001: Aug 2019Aug 2019
Turkana unravelled Magazine


Preserving our history ~ Solving todays’ challenges ~ Building on future opportunities

EMBRACE TURKANA

























































Inside History



Origin & Settlement



THE CULTURE MOVERS &SHAKERS

Akuj Medical Icon Gilchrest Lokoel





Heritage Kids Turkana


Trail Corner Today

ATURKAN 360 | May - August 2019 Edition


The Cradle Tented Camp




























































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A URKAN36 (Aturkana 360 Magazine) is a protected trademark under the relevant legislation. All rights Reserved.
Turkana unravelled Magazine
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic
tapes or mechanical including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system or in any other
way copied whatsoever without the prior permission in writing from the publisher.
2 ii

CONTENTS





Inside History 1

Origin and settlement of the Turkana

Tracking Down Food Insecurity in Turkana





Culture 7


Akuj a Ng’iturkana - The God of the Turkana





Turkana Today 10



1. Investment: The Turkana Blue Economy

2. Education: Mama Mzungu Foundation

Giving back to the community.

3. Business-Financial Power

4. Lifestyle-Turkana Top Weddings of 2018



Movers and Shakers 18


The Legend: Bishop John Mahon

Professions: Medical Icon-Gilchrist Lokoel





Heritage Trail 22



Turkana Genealogical Site




Kids Corner 24



Kids Say








3 2 iii

Foreword





On behalf of Kaypolo Crea ve Agency and, my co- editors,

Peter Okoth Obara and Collins Orieto and Writer Zaccious

Otaba. I am delighted to announce the Aturkan360 publica on

of the inaugural Issue of the Journey to unveil Turkana's
iden ty and Pride.


“We would want Turkana to be known for its cultural heritage,

diversity, and its many years of history. “ Looking at where we

came from as a source of advantage”.


This far, we thank the Almighty for making it happen, we are commi ed

to producing a high-quality print and online magazine whose produc on
quality matches that of the stories inside.


We believe the me is right for Turkana to tell our own stories and

shape our narra ve; and with your backing we can spread these

stories across the world.


We would also want to acknowledge that Culture is our Asset, culture
is our iden ty but it's fading away and our children will have nothing.

Yet our culture has so much that our children can tap into to take over

the world.





Niva Lopetet
Chief Executive Officer
Kaypolo Creative Agency- Aturkan360 Magazine


A URKAN36

Turkana unravelled Magazine













42 iv

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ATURKAN 360 | May - August 2019 Edition





CONTRIBUTORS


CEO
Niva Lopetet

CONSULTATIVE DIRECTOR
Dr. Becky Omollo
CHIEF EDITOR
Peter Okoth Obaro

MANAGING EDITOR
Collins Orieta

WRITER
Zaccious Otaba

MARKETING LEAD
Trizer Kachila



CONTACT US


ACK, St. Paul’s,
Kanamkemer, Lodwar
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ATURKAN 360 | May - August 2019 Edition


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7 2 vii

INSIDE HISTORY A URKAN36
Turkana unravelled Magazine
The Origin And Settlement Of The Turkana


By Niva Lopetet





































The second largest pastoralist community a er the Maasai, the Turkana are the largest of the seven ethnic groups that make
up the 'Karamajong cluster' which includes the Karamajong, Jie, Teso, Dodos and Donyiro in Uganda, and the Toposa of Sudan.

The name 'Turkana' is a mystery by itself, the most ascribed meaning being a corrup on of 'turkwen' – 'cave people', or
'aturkan' – 'cave land'. The Turkana speak an Eastern Nilo c language referred to as ŋaTurkana or aŋajep a ŋiTurkana. Living in
harsh and inhospitable terrains, the Turkana are dis nguished survivors, who have maintained an undiluted tradi onal way of

life.
They wandered far from their people, and finally
met a solitary old Jie woman called Nayece who was

gathering fruit. She led the young warriors into a
lush and verdant valley, unoccupied by people, that
was rich in the wild berries which s ll form an
important part of the Turkana diet. Nayece also gave

the men fire, and taught them how to cook.
Impressed with the area, the men talked other young
people into joining them, and together they moved
in with their livestock.
Records show that common ancestors of the Turkana, the
Jie and of all the other 'Karamajong' tribes lived in a place
The Turkana, as well as most historians, accept that the
called Apuli, which was in southern Sudan or Ethiopia. Some
Turkana broke with the Jie around the middle of the eighteenth
300 to 500 years ago, they began to migrate southwards to century, probably during extreme drought, and migrated
the far northeast of Uganda. A er a while, a group of young eastwards over the Dodoth Escarpment in northeastern Uganda
and into Kenya following the Tarach (or Tarac) river. The
men from the Jie sec on of the Karamajong were sent
migrations were caused by livestock overcrowding, brought
eastwards into the Tarach Valley (west/northwest of Lodwar
about by successive migrations from the north, which led to
in Kenya) in search of a wayward ox, whose tracks they were protracted feuding and fighting between the various Karamajong
following. groups.
8 21

ATURKAN 360 | May - August 2019 Edition

Lake Turkana. There was a relative long period of peace
among indigenous ethnic communities around Turkana until
the onset of European colonization of Africa.

Sporadic conflicts involved Turkana fights against Arab,
Swahili and Abyssinian slave raiders and ivory traders.
European colonization brought a new dimension to conflict
with Turkana putting up a lasting resistance to a complex
enemy, the British.

The Turkana put up and maintained active resistance to

British colonial advances leading to a passive presence of
colonial administration. By the outbreak of World War I, few
The Turkana entered Turkana basin from the north as one
parts of Turkana had been put under colonial administration.
unit of the Ateker confedera on. This cluster split as a result
From World War I through to the end of World War II,
of internal differences, leading to the emergence of dis nct
Turkana actively participated in the wars as allies of Britain
independent groups. The Turkana people emerged as a
against invading Italy. Turkana was used as the launching pad
victorious group in the subsequent conflict, which led to
for the war against invading Italian forces leading to the
enmity between the Turkana and other Ateker cluster groups,
liberation of Abyssinia.
who formed military alliances against the Turkana. The
Turkana emerged victorious again by co-op ng young people

from conquered groups. The military power and wealth of
the Turkana increased in what are now the northern plains
of Turkana.










After World War II, the British led disarmament and
pacification campaigns in Turkana, leading to massive
disruptions and dispossession of Turkana pastoralists. The

colonial administration practiced a policy of deliberate
The establishment of the Turkana people developed as a
segregation of Turkana people by categorizing Turkana
dis nct group which expanded southwards conquering
Province as a closed district. This led to marginalization and
ethnic na ons south of its borders. The Turkana people
underdevelopment in the lead up to Kenya's independence.
easily conquered groups it came in contact with by employing
superior tac cs of war, be er weapons and military

organiza on. By the 1600s, the Turkana basin had been fully
occupied by the Turkana and their allies.

Once in Kenya, the seasonal Turkwel and Kawalasse river
valleys aided rapid dispersal into present-day Turkana District.
At least two separate migrations into Kenya took place, most
probably in the form of successive sweeps. Some two to three
hundred years ago, the Turkana started to move southward
towards the Kawalasse and Turkwel Rivers which flow into
9 22

Tracking








Down








Food








Insecurity







In








Turkana







By: Doc. Gilchrist Lokoel

ATURKAN 360 | May - August 2019 Edition

“Allow me to throw in my two pence.”



I was born in 1980 from parents who hailed from Lokitaung
- Turkana County. The folklore has it that there was such a
bad drought that two thirds of the en re animal popula on
perished and that's the genesis of so many of the current
professionals from Turkana in their late thir es to mid for es
joining school. They were a racted by school feeding program
that was providing free food to all learners across the few
schools in Turkana. As I grew up, I confirmed the veracity and
authen city of this informa on as accurate and factual.


Indeed, it was the worst famine that ever affected our people
compe ng for space with the infamous cataclysmic year of
1922, Ekaru a Apetaret which means “sca ering”. In this year
the Bri sh sent a full ba alion of 5,000 soldiers to break down So predictable were these cyclic changes that my people
the resistance of Turkana's, to the Bri sh rule by killing any would prepare well in advance by drying meat and making
Turkana on site. Confisca ng all their herds in the name of the milk crystals through a technology that I have never figured
Queens throne. More than 150,000 Turkana's died close to out but locals called it the making of “edodo”.
half the popula on of the day at that me of 'Sca ering'
( John Lamphear). Animals' herds will also be split and lacta ng and old animals
le behind under the care of women and elderly as the strong
The military might of Turkana's was effec vely broken and and young men take the agile healthy animals far away to the
the a ermath of that was the once proud, fierce and hills and border points where there is grass and pasture to
expanding Turkana tribe were weakened and made prone to diversify risk.
cross border a acks or incursions from their well armed
neighbours. My reading and memory can only cobble and make
cita ons to the following epochs in history:
HISTORY OF DROUGHTS IN TURKANA
SINCE 1950 UPTO DATE In 1950, there was a drought called Lo ra which
referred to a 'stands ll hunger 'period that simply won't
Allow me the indulgence to explore into a bit of history as I go away.
look retrospec vely to the yester years through the lens of
my people and my own observa on when I was growing up...
The year 1951 was named Ekaru a Lokulit which means
Turkana has been experiencing bad and catastrophic hunger that spanks you to cry like a baby followed suit.
droughts a er every 10 years since me in memorial.






























10 24

ATURKAN 360 | May - August 2019 Edition

The Bri sh Government moved in to relief the people and drought that the people ate animal skin and close to two
the natural coping mechanism of wild fruits and spli ng thirds of livestock perished. This made many Turkana's
livestock helped a li le bit to ameliorate the effects of that des tute and our pride as a people was broken. The current
drought. poverty of our people is debatably traced to this period by
some scholars.
In 1960, there was a more severe drought and it was locally
named Kimududu which means reducing everything to ashes Rural to urban migra on began and many children came to
or oblivion. school as a coping mechanism to get free meals and not
necessarily to look for educa on. Many people are reported
to have died because of this terrible hunger.
The Colonial Bri sh government for the first me transported
Turkana's to Lake Turkana and taught them how to fish.
In 1989, there was another drought and we called it Ekaru a
Before then it was an anathema to eat “water Snakes (Fish).
Lokwakoyo, Which means white animal bones all over the
landscape. Children, pregnant women, lacta ng mothers
Lake Turkana was untapped and unexplored. The large
and elderly were severely affected and we lost quite a
se lements in Kalokol, Kataboi and Lowarengak trace their
number of people to this drought.
origin to this emigra on, while other Turkana families were
se led along River Turkwel. These groups were transported
by a peculiar boat called “Atubwa Nangorok”. I later learnt it WHAT CHANGED AFTER 1990?
was a tractor pulled hind cart. This was the first me a tractor
The frequency of drought started reducing. From ten
pulled cart was cited in Turkana and nick named it, the grey years to slightly three to two years.
boat. The people were se led in Ka lu, Kapu r, Kapelbok,
Morulem and in other places along the river and taught
Intelligent people call it effects of climate change or advent
farming.
of global warming. "Climate change" means a change of
climate which is a ributed directly or indirectly to human
ac vity that alters the composi on of the global atmosphere
and which is in addi on to natural climate variability observed
over comparable me periods, UN Framework Conven on on
Climate Change of 1992 defini on.

The year of 1999 is named Ekaru a Abakuli which means
feeding in a bowl. The drought situa on became so severe
that most able bodied men in Turkana North migrated to
Kakuma to work for refugees and also do menial jobs to
provide for their families. As for the remaining children who
were le behind, the late Father Robert McCabe a missionary
doctor put up an enclosure and provided families with highly
nutri ous porridge and food in a bowl.


The Chief of Yapakuno Loca on, Kaleng Division Mr Moses
Third recorded drought was in 1970. The locals call it, the Lokoel, my father - almost lost his job for exposing this
year of Kibekbek which means picking one a er the one like hunger to the media and providing a complete list of names
with a tooth pick. So severe was the drought that inters of the people who had lost their lives. Some people call this
ethnic conflict increased and many Turkana's migrated to year the year of Aroo Koriang, the malnourished child from
neighbouring countries to look for water and pasture. Nakwamekwi who was pictured in a malnourished state with
a protruding tummy, sunken eyes that had lost hope, and a
shred of clothing around her thin torso- becoming the face
That year gave in to the year of Achaka Ekipul, the year when
of the famine.
God threw away the padlock that locks rain in heaven. It
reported that it rained so much for days un l major floods
ensued and our animals were washed away. Incidentally, all In 2001, there was another drought that lasted for a long
major droughts in Turkana are followed by a major downpour while. In fact the locals nick named it Ekaru a Logara, Which
that leads to devasta ng floods. means si ng in. This drought decided to sit down and won't
go away. Oxfam GB did a great job in responding to this
emergency.
In 1980, when I was born, they call it the year of Lopiar
which means wiping everything clean. So intense was the
1225
10

ATURKAN 360 | May - August 2019 Edition

In 2009, another drought struck. If our memory serves us that helped the deprived populace tremendously.
well, this is when we had Kenya for Kenyans and we raised Cri cs believe the complimentary relief approach created
a whole Billion as Kenyans to stand up for our brothers and an unending hole of aid to Turkana, with no sustainability
sisters. Kenya Red Cross coordinated the whole exercise considera ons and aggravated a culture of dependency.
under the Secretary General Dr Abbas Gullet and many lives
were saved. The Missionaries and the Non Governmental Organiza on
demonstrated value by giving educa on to many children in
And finally its 2019, we are literally stun ng at another Turkana. The majority of the prominent and successful people
drought occurrence right in our face. Was this drought presently in Turkana are products or beneficiaries of
expected or not? As a ma er of fact based on the missionaries and NGO's interven ons. We all appreciate the
narra ve elucidated above? Am sure there is a name power of someone holding your hand when you are down.
cooking up somewhere for this.
“It's not enough to have lived. We should be determined to

SETTING UP CAPACITIES live for something. May I suggest that it be crea ng joy for
others, sharing what we have for the be erment of person
The missionaries have existed since 1960's in Turkana as the
kind, bringing hope to the lost and love to the lonely.”
“Alternate Government”. They provided schools, health
― Leo Buscaglia
facili es, bore holes and even responding to emergencies as
to when and where they occur.
Drought and famine are products of Mother Nature's wrath
and vagaries of bad weather. However, hunger is caused by
This was quickly followed by Non Governmental absence of money to the vulnerable people and that
Organiza ons who quickly increased the efforts of the
obviously something can be done to prevent hunger and its
missionaries and pulled in with zeal and the humanitarian
consequences such as death.
touch. The two made a holy matrimony of an associa on





















































10
13 26

AKUJ A NG'ITURKANA

-THE TURKANA GOD



By Niva Lopetet









14 10 27

CULTURE A URKAN36
Turkana unravelled Magazine
The Turkana believe in the reality of a Supreme God known
as Akuj. In the beginning, there was God who created heavens
and earth and made everything wonderful. He is up there in
the sky; he is all Powerful and the most powerful of them all.
Akuj has command to bless and Curse, and quick to forgive
his people. He is mostly referred to as' Akuj namerkenyer' or
Napus eyem -the Mighty one. Indeed there is only one God
known in different names.

No one could speak directly to Akuj but through his
messengers known as Ng'imurok( diviners) and the
ancestors. Ng'imurok are born and gi ed with spiritual
powers to discern, perform Miracles and solve problems.
When mes are difficult, the women would start to sing in
The ancestors intervened and believed to be together praise of the Emuron (singular word for Ng'imurok) as the
with Akuj. These ancestors are believed to be the elderly
men consult the Emuron for guidance. The Emuron will call
influen al people, who were known, respected and died for a mee ng at the tree of men and where no woman was
to be with Akuj.
allowed. At the tree of men, prayers will be offered by the
eldest in the midst. The prayers will include repentance,
pe on and thanksgiving.


















Rituals and sacrifices would be done here. The Emuron will
direct whether to eat the offerings or sca er to be eaten by
wild animals.

In most scenarios, the Emuron would call for rain and
indeed there was rains or directs where the livestock will
migrate in search of pasture.'

Since that me, the life of the Turkana people
revolved around their livestock, pasture and
water. The land was blessed with many
livestock, young energe c people and with
abundance of food and wild fruits but in
several occasions serious calami es would
strike the land.









Ng'imurok are s ll present and play an ac ve role in almost
every community event and decision. Ng'imurok help to
iden fy both the source of evil, sickness and other problems
that present itself, and the solu on or specific cure or
sacrifice that needs to take place in order to restore
abundant life in the family and the community.
14 10
15 28

ATURKAN 360 | May - August 2019 Edition

There are two types of diviners differen ated by the Emuron's Ng'imurok are the people that Akuj and the ancestors speaks
source of revela on. We have the godly diviner and the evil to in dreams; they are also the ones who can communicate
diviners. “Diviners of God”, are the most respected of the with the ancestors to discern what sort of animal sacrifice is
Ng'imurok because they receive revela ons directly from needed to restore peace, bring rain, find a remedy for a
Akuj, normally through dreams. These “true diviners” follow child's illness, or who can properly bless the families at a
in the pa ern of the most famous Turkana Ng'imurok, wedding.
Lokerio and Lokorijem and many others. The la er regularly
The Ng'imurok in each area receives direct revela ons from
received dreams from Akuj informing him of the loca on of
Akuj, who is s ll directly ac ve and concerned with the
the Bri sh Army during early 20th century colonial struggles,
crea on. These Ng'imurok do not speak or receive messages
and the former is said to have used the power and knowledge
through an intermediary god or spirit through possession.
of God to divide Lake Turkana waters so that warriors could
While ancestor possessions are common in Turkana, they
walk across the lake to go and raid camels on the other side.
normally occur among younger people, so that the ancestor
These Ng'imurok of God can s ll be found throughout Turkana can communicate their message to those in the home.
County, each in their own territory, alongside specialized
Ng'imurok who have received specific abili es to read tea The evil one; Ng'ipean or Ng'ikaram is also believed to exist,
leaves, tobacco, intes nes, shoes, stones and strings. these are seen to be wicked, requiring animal sacrifices to
be appeased when angry. Ekipe is the evil one, referred to
There are also hidden 'evil specialists', Ng'ikasubak, who use as Satan or Devil.
objects in secret to work against people in the community,
and Ng'ikapilak, who specialize in pronouncing very strong Majority of the Turkana's today have embraced Chris anity,
curses employing the use of body parts from those recently and the understanding of Akuj has slightly changed. For
deceased, but these are not included in the term Ng'imurok. instance, Akuj is the Mighty creator of the universe and a
good loving father and does not delight in sacrifices and
rituals. Men and Women can speak to Akuj directly through
individual or collec ve prayers.



















































14 10
16 29

Pictorial



























































































10

ATURKAN Magazine
SKYPATH
Issue 001;

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TURKANA TODAY A URKAN36
Turkana unravelled Magazine
Turkana's Silver Lining




By Niva Lopetet


Kenya, Canada and Japan hosted the Nairobi first global the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals
th
conference on the sustainable blue economy on 26 to (SDGs), especially SDG14 'life below water', and
th
28 November 2018. The event expected over 18,000 recognizes that this will require ambitious, co-ordinated
participants all around the World to learn how to build a actions to sustainably manage, protect and preserve
blue economy that will; our ocean now, for the sake of present and future
· Harnesses the potential of our oceans, seas, lakes generations.
and rivers to improve the lives of all, particularly
people in developing states, women, youth and Like the 'Green Economy', the blue economy model
Indigenous peoples. aims for improvement of human wellbeing and social
· Leverages the latest innovations, scientific advances equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks
and best practices to build prosperity while conserving and ecological scarcities. It provides for an inclusive
our waters for future generations. model in which coastal states - which sometimes lack
the capacity to manage their rich blue resources - can
But, what is this Blue Economy? begin to extend the benefit of those resources to all.
Realizing the full potential of the blue economy means
The 'Blue Economy' is a new concept that encourages inclusion and participation of all affected social groups
better understanding and utilization of our 'blue' and sectors.(World Bank definition)
resources for economic importance. It supports all of

The Blue Economy is sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth,
improved livelihoods and jobs, and ocean ecosystem health.
The Blue Economy encompasses many ac vi es...


Maritime Transport
Renewable Energy Over 80% of international goods traded are
Sustainable marine energy can play a vital Fisheries transported by sea and the volume of seaborne trade is
role in social and economic development. Marine fisheries contribute more than expected to double by 2030 and quadruple by 2050.
US$270 billion annually to global GDP.
More sustainable fisheries can generate
more revenue, more fish and help restore
fish stocks.





Tourism Climate Change
Ocean and coastal tourism can The impact of climate change on oceans - rising
bring jobs and economic growth. sea-levels, coastal erosion, changing ocean current Waste Management
Coastal, least Developed Countries patterns, and acidification-are staggering. At the 80% of Litter in the ocean is from land-based
and small Island Developing States same time, oceans are an important carbon sink sources. Better waste management on land can
receive more than 41 million and help mitigate climate change. help Oceans recover.
visitors per year.





What are Turkana's Blue Resources and 1985, the lake's South and Central Islands were
designated national parks because of their outstanding
i. Lake Turkana wildlife breeding habitats, notably for the Nile crocodile.

Lake Turkana is the world's largest desert lake and the
most saline of Africa's great Lakes. Its vast aquatic Lake Turkana borders Ethiopia to the north, at the
resources contribute to the livelihoods of Over 300,000 mouth of River Omo, which is the main fresh water
people, including pastoralists, fishermen and tourism supply into the lake and the area where the best fishing
operators. Its ecology supports a host of local and grounds are found. Various seasonal streams from
migratory bird and wildlife populations.
inland Turkana flow into the lake, the largest of which
It's also home to unique fossil and archaeological are the Kerio and Turkwell rivers. Turkwell is a
discoveries. In 1973, Sibiloi National Park, was created permanent source of water; however, the presence of a
on the north-eastern lakeshore to conserve these hydro-electric dam reduces the amount of water flowing
remarkable discoveries that have contributed so much into the lake.
to our understanding of human evolution. And in 1983
13

ATURKAN 360 | May - August 2019 Edition
































The name Turkwel is derived from the Turkana name
for the river, Tir-kol, which meaning translates to a river
that "withstands the wilderness". The Turkwel begins
Turkwell River from the lush green slopes of Mt. Elgon and the
Cheregani Hills, traverses the Southern Plains, crosses
Loturerei, Turkwel and through Lodwar and empties to
Kerio River Lake Turkana. The river's flow is Permanent and it is
subject to flash floods in the rainy season.


The Kenyan government from 1986 to 1991 with the
help of France and built the Turkwel Dam known as the
1. Lotikipi Plains Turkwel Gorge Reservoir.
2. Lokichogio
3. Nariokotome
4. Central Island National Park Can Turkana County harness the
5. Eliye Springs
6. Lokiriama full potential of its blue resources
7. South Turkana National Reserve and prepare for Investors?
8. Kapendo
9. Lake Logipi Lake Turkana has a potential of producing 37,0002
metric tonnes of fish annually with a current production
ii. River Kerio of 4165MT, 2014 to the benefit of the community living
The Kerio River rises on the North slopes of the along the Lake.
.
Amasya Hills to the west of Lake Bogoria It flows
Northward through the Kerio Valley between Tugen Hills
and Elgeyo Escarpment.


The Elgeyo Escarpment rises to over 1,830 metres
(6,000 ft) above the Kerio valley in places. The Kerio
continues Northward, often through deep and narrow
valleys, to enter Lake Turkana in a delta just south of
the delta formed by the Turwel and Lokichar rivers.


The Kerio and Turkwel contribute 98% of the river water
flowing into Lake Turkana. Near its source the Kerio
River is fed by two major tributaries flowing down
Elgeyo Escarpment: Arror River, and Embobut River.

iii. T urkwel River
The Turkwel River is a river flowing from Mount Elgon
in the border of Kenya and uganda to Lake Turkana.
The river is called the Suam River from its source to the
border with the West Pokot of Kenya.
14

ATURKAN 360 | May - August 2019 Edition

The colonial government tried to promote fishing schemes regularly require extensive rehabilitation
around the Ferguson Gulf in the 1930s as a measure to efforts. The production of the food is mostly sufficient
reduce food insecurity in the area. This policy was for family consumption and constitute to around 25-30%
revived in the early 1970s by NORAD's (Norwegian of household food. The surplus is sold in Lodwar, and
Agency for Development Coopera on) efforts to Lokichar consisting of 15-30% of household cash income
encourage the se lement of fishermen around Kalokol, (HEA report 2016).
where a fish processing and freezing plant was built. The main crops grown are sorghum, maize, green
The plant was shut at the end of the 80s, due to the grams, cowpeas (mainly for leaves), vegetables (mostly
unstable supply of fish for a large-scale market oriented kale), watermelon, pumpkins and bananas. Other
scheme. This poten al investment opportunity can be important economic activities along these rivers include
tapped through addressing the Fishing Constrains and handicrafts and honey production.
crea ng a suppor ve business environment. Opportuni es exist to extend and improve irrigated crop
produc on. The irriga on schemes are periodically flooded
The fishing sector in Lake Turkana consists of two main value
and get full of silt. Organiza ons' like Child Fund and the
-chains; the dried fish value-chain which accounts for 85% of
Turkana Rehabilita on Project provide FFA (food for assets)
the output and the fresh fish value chain which accounts for to communi es to rehabilitate irriga on schemes that are no
15% of the output.
longer func oning, together with technical support from the
Fishing is carried out in a tradi onal approach with Ministry of Agriculture. Communi es request further
minimum input and minimum return. The fisher folk assistance to expand and improve the irriga on schemes,
are mainly focussed on volume rather than quality. perhaps through shallow wells or boreholes in addi on to
There are also high post-harvest losses (up to 50%) river water and with the support of generators and pumps.
which reduce the profitability of the fishing business.
Increased access to tractors would expand areas under
There is poor access to suppor ng services including
business development services, credit facili es and cul va on. Fencing to protect fields from livestock, pest
control, seed selec on techniques, and training in crop
transport services among other key services required
husbandry. Need for available and equipped extension
for the sector to thrive. Value addi on of the fish is also
confined to the tradi onal methods of sun drying, salt officers.
drying and deep frying which has a limita on in the Marke ng: Opportuni es for marke ng crop produc on,
market development. It is evident that these challenges livestock, livestock products and bush products and for
can generally be concluded to present untapped purchasing agricultural inputs (seeds, tools, and livestock
investment opportuni es in Lake Turkana and in a wider drugs) are s ll rela vely limited except in the villages closest
scale to the fish sector. to large towns.
How Prepared is the Turkana Community
Tourism for Blue Economy Investors
Lake Turkana Resort City is one of Kenya's Blue Economy 1. Do Turkana have that which is a rac ve to investors?
Bankable projects. Lake Turkana being a magnificent tourist A profile of educated workforce that are highly educated.
destination with several Tourist site has great investment 2. A plan to a ract a strong industry cluster and what are our
potential to transform it to a world class Tourism destination. Regional economic strategies.
This Resort City is proposed to be located in Kalokol and 3. What's our achievement in infrastructure, accessibility and
will Cost USD 44M Technology.
4. Is the Investment Promo on Agency aggressive enough.
5. How are we portraying the quality of life in Turkana.
6. Are the Land use plan and policies clear and how involved
is the community.
7. Are the cited Community profiles available and
downloadable online.
8. Is promo ng local start-ups and expansions of
businesses strategy inten onal.
9. How are we building on our strengths and filling the gaps
Source: Sustainable Blue Economy conference2018 Report
in the supply chain.
There are numerous investment opportunities along
10. Is there a Marke ng Plan and a dedicated County
the longest desert lake that really doesn't need huge
Investment Marke ng Team.
capital to start and succeed in it.
Turkana County is predes ned to be the next Tourism and
iii. Kerio and Turkwel River food basket Trade fron er in Africa, what happens next is solemnly in our
hands. “Our goals can only be reached through a vehicle of a
Irrigation schemes open up opportunities for livelihood plan, in which we must fervently believe, and upon which we
diversification in Turkana. However, from year to year, must vigorously act. There is no other route to success.”
― Pablo Picasso, painter
production outcomes are highly variable and the
15

ATURKAN 360 | May - August 2019 Edition

GIVING BACK TO THE SOCIETY - “A rare heart of Gold”

By Okoth Peter- Chief Editor









































When Everlyne Sindano, an Environmental Scien st, was a
pupil at Bishop Mahon Primary School Lodwar, she
experienced the kind of problems girls encounter while in
school. Everlyne vowed that, when she got a chance, she
would do something to help change the situa on.

“Through the ini a ve the alumni were able to contribute
money towards the charity project to supply sanitary towels
and sta oneries to the girls," she con nues "We do not get
sponsorship from elsewhere but alumni contribute generously
towards this noble programme that has assisted our girls, "

She adds. "Call it the spirit of giving o the society," she
says further the programme which provides Sanitary
towels to girls and helps them to master English Language
was started in 2017 by Bishop Mahon Primary School
Alumni.

“We enrolled the school with The Standard Newspaper,
in Educa on (NIE) Programme,"

Sindani, who is currently Senior Water Officer with Water
Towers Agency, says. The NIE programme helps the
students to improve on their communica on skills in
English Language.

The End.



16

ATURKAN 360 | May - August 2019 Edition

EDUCATION schools with generous assistance. The Founda on has so far
since incep on supported over 1000 children from needy
families to realize their dreams in educa on.


Today many boys and girls who work in various parts of the
country in various capaci es benefi ed from Mama Mzungu
Founda on. Some of them even serve in the County
Government today in senior posi on.




Mama Mzungu Foundation


The name Mama Mzungu Founda on is always referred to
with respect by those who know or have associated with it
in one way or another or have benefited from it.
Indeed, when Veroniek Deneene, came from Netherlands to
Turkana county, there seemed to be one thing in her mind:
To help build Turkana by empowering her people through
Educa on.
"Ours has been to give hope to children who
come from humble background by assis ng
them where we can," Esther says.

Esther says that though the funding comes from the friends
of the Founda on in Netherlands through fund raising, local
beneficiaries should come out and support them so that other
children from needy families can also benefit.

"We call upon our beneficiaries who are in steady
employment to help as we carry forward the noble
work started by Veronique," Esther adds.

Apart from assis ng children from needy families the
Founda on has also assisted various Schools and ins tu ons
in one way or another. Old buildings have been renovated
and new ones put up as well as desks bought for some
schools. Some of those ins tu ons that have benefited are
Lodwar Primary School and Lodwar Polytechnic.

Through her effort, supported by Esther Lokwangale, who
Talking to this writer some me back, the former Lodwar
has worked for the organiza on for many years, she has
Mixed Primary Head teacher, Timothy Wabuya, once said
reached out to many children from needy families and
that the help his school was ge ng from the Founda on
was next to none.

Today, the Founda on con nues to support many children
who have big dreams in the field of educa on.


It also helps to feed Tuberculosis (TB) pa ents, a move that
Esther lauds as those pa ents require good diet for their
quick recovery.We have also helped to put up dams for
animals in various parts of the county," Esther says further.

Currently the Founda on supports up to 122 beneficiaries in
Primary and secondary schools. Others are in colleges and
universi es.

17

ATURKAN 360 | May - August 2019 Edition

FINANCIAL POWER


-CREDIT MARKET PLACE-

By Niva Lopetet
REGISTER









BUSINESS




2. Link your payments to your bank account:

With daily cash in and cash out, you will be able to build your
How to establish your business business cash flow. Looking at your cash flow, the lender
would be able to decide your credit limit and your ability to
credit and credit score repay.

Have you ever desired to get a business loan for your start
3. Start reviewing your borrowing op ons:
up business or expansion? and even checked some of the
Look at Commercial Banks near you, SACCO and government
many financial ins tu ons out there offering business loans?
programmes offering small business loans. Speak to them
But you just realize that it's not that easy to be given a loan
and review your op ons
as being adver sed all over the media. Or they cannot give
you the amount you need.



Good
Very
Fair
Good





Poor Excellent LEND BORROW


4. Develop a credit history for the Business:
Get small loans for your business and repay them promptly.
This lays a founda on for establishing posi ve payment
Here are some of the key things to help you build your
history. Ensure that the financial ins tu on giving you credit
Business Credit Score for favourable Credit terms. Get the
is able to list you in Credit Reference Bureau (CRB) posi vely
financing you need to expand, hire new people, even out
for other lenders to see. Your posi ve lis ng builds a good
cash flow dips, buy new equipment and otherwise operate
credit score for your business. Remember if you don't build
and grow your business.
your credit history, lenders will consider you as high risk and
1. Get your business registered: may decline or give you a lower limit.
It's ok to get your business registered as a sole proprietor
but lenders will view your business and you as inseparables.
If possible make sure your business is registered as an CRB
incorpora on or Limited Company, this will mean that your
business is a separate en ty from you as the owner.
GOOD
Obtain all government requirement for instance, KRA pin,
Licenses, open a bank account in the business name,
business contact etc. DEFAULT
18

ATURKAN 360 | May - August 2019 Edition

5.Build your personal credit score: 7. Monitor Your Business Credit :
Leaders also look at your personal worthiness to access
Understand your business and know when to make informed
owner's financial situa on. In Kenya, Most Financial lenders
business decisions for instance, did the loan address the
share credit informa on with Credit Reference Bureau (CRB).
intended purpose, how are you keeping track of your
Borrow small loans as many mes as possible and repay on
repayment schedule, have you taken care of the lows and
me, this build your credit score and gives you a posi ve
highs in Business. Try to fix mistakes as quickly as possible.
credit standing. Note that to lend someone with no credit
history is considered risky.

Reward




Risk






8. Don't unknowingly damage your credit score:
Last, but not least, don't uninten onally damage your
business credit score. Before taking any credit ac on, check
your credit report yourself.


6. Choose Lenders Strategically:
The right kind of credit can help you build a be er credit
history thus you can qualify for future loans on be er terms
such as a lower interest rate. Providers who do not report to
Credit Reference Bureau (CRB) may not help your business
become more qualified to lower cost financing in future.
Borrow from a lender that can help you achieve your
business's strategic goals — not just meet your near-term
money needs.

Now with advanced technology and informa on, you can
access and download your personal credit report on your
A? D? phone. For the business, visit a CRB agent near you and have
your small business & Corporate ra ng printed as you meet the
lender for discussion.
C? B?
A lot of Credit applica on inquiries by different lenders will
nega vely affect your credit score. It's a red flag to a lender,
it may suggest desperate need for a loan or you were turned
down by another lender.























19

MOVERS & SHAKERS A URKAN36
Turkana unravelled Magazine
BISHOP JOHN CHRISTOPHER MAHON: In fact most of the schools in The County were started by
the Catholic Mission and to date are s ll maintained and
The Man Who Lived To Give managed by the Church. Some of them are Ki lu Boys,
St. Leo, Our Lady's Girls School, Kakuma and St. Kevin's
Hope To Turkana People Mixed Secondary School, Lodwar, among many others.

By Okoth Peter
St. Kevin's has been the cheapest educa onal ins tu on in
the whole County, giving children from humble background
"When I first came to this place from the Diocese of Ogoja in
hope to pursue their secondary educa on with ease.
Nigeria, the place looked bad and people had no hope.
"Those were the words of the late Bishop John Christopher Through Various departments, such as Educa on, Water,
Mahon, when this writer first talked to him about his life in Health, Social, the Catholic Church has con nued to serve
Turkana. the people of Turkana in various ways, giving them kits of
“What I saw sunk my heart and yet I had to do something hope in life. The seed of hope that was planted by the late
to change the bad situa on, though my main calling was Bishop Mahon, s ll flourishes up to today, giving many
spiritual nourishment," he had con nued. people hope in life, both spiritually and socially.

The man, who helped shape and give hope to the Arid
Turkana in late six es, was born in Ireland on Christmas
Day of 1922. He was ordained a priest of St. Patrick's
Missionary Society on Easter Sunday in 1948, a er
obtaining a Doctorate in Canon Law.

In 1959, he was appointed to the Diocese of Ogoja, in
Eastern Nigeria, where he worked up to 1968 and was
appointed prefect of Lodwar Prefecture of the Diocese of
Eldoret on first January.
By then, there were only two Catholic mission sta ons in the
vast Turkana: Lorugum and Kakuma sta ons.

On 30th January, 1978, he was appointed Bishop of the
Catholic Diocese of Lodwar. On 25th April, 1978, he was
ordained the Bishop of Lodwar and went for re rement on
17th February 2000. He passed away, on 10th November
2004 and was replaced by the current Bishop Harrington.
And indeed, from the moment he landed in Turkana, his
efforts were geared towards not only to spiritual growth, When looked at, the late Bishop Mahon's effort of
but also giving hope to Turkana people through various giving hope to the people of Turkana is second to none.
undertakings such as water, food and educa on. Water The legacy he le behind will always be looked at as a
Project is s ll ac ve up to now; many boreholes were strong pillar of hope among the Turkana people. May
sunk in various places of the vast County to give water to his soul rest in peace
both people and animals. During famine, which was
frequently experienced, and s ll is to date, relief food was
distributed to the affected people.


On the other hand, the growth of educa on in the County
has been a ributed to the efforts of The Catholic Church,
courtesy of the Late Bishop Mahon. The first Girls Secondary
School, Turkana Girls, was started by the Catholic Church
and today it stands out as one of the best High Schools in
the County. Many female leaders in Turkana received their
educa on through this school.
And yet, the first boys' secondary school in the County,
Lodwar Boys High School, was started by the Catholic Church.
Like Turkana Girls, Lodwar Boys stands out as one of the best
educa onal ins tu ons in the county.

20

ATURKAN 360 | May - August 2019 Edition

MEET THE PROFESSIONALS bus, video and swimming pool, you can name it. He ate
chips, yes fries, for the first me in Form one. Not just that,
-DR.GILCHRIST LOKOEL he had a bed to sleep on and all for himself. The boy from
BY Niva Lopetet Lokitaung, P.O box 1, was in shock and found it hard to believe
the things he was seeing for the first me.
Hey, have you ever heard of the sun burs ng, or a tree
ea ng its own fruits?

Well that is called living selflessly for others. Just like Moses
in the Bible, Dr. Gilchrist Lokoel was called to deliver his
people from distress at a young age. Recently he won the
ASLM 2018, 4th Interna onal Conference Award as the Best
Clinician.





























Nonetheless, he did not allow the culture indifference
to deter him from doing what he had to do in school.

And he did actually take this as a challenge to prove to his peers
that no ma er where he came from, he was not just a
product of Affirma ve ac on but of his hard work and he
could s ll do much be er than them.

Dr. Gilchrist is a perfect example of being a product of your Dr.Gilchrist passed his exams with flying colours, as they
say. Scoring an A- (89) points out of a possible 96 points
own hard work and determina on.
in Kenya Cer ficate of Secondary Educa on (KCSE). He
His Facebook page introduc on read: “Sure I am this day then proceeded to Medical School at the Moi University
that we are masters of our own fate, the task ahead of me Eldoret where he graduated with Bachelors in Medicine
is not above my endurance “ooh! Come and follow me." and Bachelors in Surgery. He was the chairman of Medical
students Associa on of Moi University just to men on.
Gilchrist Lokoel was born in Lodwar District Hospital 1980
and hails in Lokitaung, Turkana North and a son of his Father
Chief of Yepakuno Loca on, Kaleng Division, Mr. Moses Lokoel.
His KCPE results were like a visa to the unfamiliar world and
the beginning of the Key Turkana Professional we know
today. He joined Mangu High school in the year 1995 and
the pastoralist boy had so much to encounter. He had to
wear shoes for the first me in his life, and not just wearing
shoes but pu ng up with shoes for the whole day was a
quite challenge since he could barely walk in them.
Moi University, Eldoret
And in fact this was the first me for him to see things like a
21

ATURKAN 360 | May - August 2019 Edition

Confirma on in 2018. This saw him an opportunity to
travel to China to learn current advances in
management of chronic medical condi ons.


















He was later posted to Coast Provincial Hospital for
Internship. The same hospital recalled him a er
internship as he had demonstrated diligence and
proficiency in his work. Among the rewards he received
from the coast was his adorable wife, Dr. Fatuma Rajab.

In May 2018, He was transferred as the Director Medical
Services to oversee all medical services in the county other
than Lodwar County Referral Hospital, a posi on he holds
up to date. This also enabled him to travel to Israel and
earned a diploma in Contemporary Public Administra on.

As it is said, usually, the road to success is never easy,
and Dr. Gilchrist too has encountered many challenges
some of which most of us can relate to. Going to a
Na onal school meant learning to cope and adjust to a
totally different culture .Indeed this could have led him
to sink succumb to self-pity or denial, but he stood firm.

He recalls a me when he was given a punishment to slash
In the year 2009, Dr.Gilcrest was called and appointed as grass and he refused. School fees was also a challenge but
DMOH for Turkana Central and Loima Districts, a er all he was lucky enough as the Late Area former Member of
doctors in Turkana resigned ci ng Turkana a hardship area. Parliament Hon. Ekidor (RIP), paid his fees as he assisted
Dr. Gilchrist worked alone as a medical officer for four other deserving cases.
months with his boss Medical Superintendent
Daktari, as some people fondly calls him, says: “Financial
Dr.Eric Ahomo who happened to be a surgeon as well.
struggle should be a mo va on not to give up but to go
He recalls handling various medical cases in his spirited knock and ask for help.”
efforts to save lives; being the only doctor. In that 2009, he
Above all, his driving power was to make his father
managed a massive Cholera outbreak that affected 1094
proud. Indeed, those who went to school far away
people and only 34 people died. He also handled numerous
from home will agree with this as there is no worst
surgical cases, some of them delicate, not only in Turkana,
feeling than the pain of not being visited by loved
but also across the borders.
ones on visi ng day.
In 2011, he went back to school and did his Masters degree
Another challenge was Schooling with kids from affluent
in Epidemiology at the Jomo Kenya a University of
families, who undermine one's capability just because you
Agriculture and Technology.
are from a nomadic community.
In 2014,he worked as the County Epidemiologist before
He further says that the community, too, had high
taking over the management of Lodwar County Referral
expecta ons and one easily becomes a prisoner of his or her
Hospital as the Medical Superintendent in July same year.
own success.
In the year 2016, he was appointed an ac ng Director
/CEO Lodwar County Referral Hospital before
22

dschool dschool


























































































dschoolhub.co.ke

23

ATURKAN 360 | May - August 2019 Edition

His Advice for the boys and girls in school and those who "Above all, we should learn to avoid procras na on and
have to suffer discrimina on just because they are Turkana’s empathy," he con nues. “If one door closes, another one
is that they should never look down upon themselves and will certainly be opened for us," he adds.
learn to take heart and be proud to be Turkana products.
He further says that the absence of fees should be a
“Turkana is the next Dubai in Africa, and, therefore, we mo va on for Success.
should be masters of our own des nies'," he says.
“When every person in Turkana can access quality, free
On the other hand, coming from a polygamous family and medical care and improved Health care, is my cherished
the burden of dependency was and s ll is a heavy burden dream”.
and the community at large looks up to the educated and
working for total support. He further says he would be happy when looking at the
forest and the forest is green.
Having to serve in a hospital with no proper medical
equipment, doing procedures above one's line just to save As you all know, Dr. Gilchrest is commi ed to giving back to
life, day and night consulta on became a normal order of the community. He takes me to sensi ze the community on
the day. important health and other social issues, serves as the Chair
of Kenya Red Cross, Turkana Branch. He also supports eight
Pa ents would ask for fare to go back home and one has to other kids, not his rela ves with school related expenses.
assist them somehow.

The doctor says, He will be happy when programming of
Health Care is responsive to the needs of Turkana People
and when no woman dies while giving birth.









“You are the master of your



destiny. You can influence,



direct and control your own



environment. You can make




your life what you want it to



be”.



Napoleon Hill.














24

HERITAGE TRAIL A URKAN36
Turkana unravelled Magazine
Turkana Genealogical Site



By Zacheaus Otaba






















their people from the famine in their land was get them to
Moru Anayece is located approximately 105 kms from move to this unknown land of abundance.
Kakuma Town. Letea Ward, Turkana West sub County. At the
feet of Moru-Anayece lies the grave of the ancient Mother The young men went back and convinced their people but
Nayece, the spring of the Ateker community. the elderly stubbornly refused to move to the unknown
territory. What followed was a split of the young people
leaving behind the elderly and migrated down the
Laid in the midst of the Letea forest, the tranquil
escapement with their animals to Moru Anayece. The
environment here tells you the rela onship between the
Karamojong' the people who stayed behind term ' Kara'
ancestors and nature.The cool weather, dense forest and the
sweet voices of birds' welcomes you to this place as you get meaning dying and mojong meaning old people.
closer. It's a perfect place to experience that harmony of life.
The diverge group se led near Moru Anayece, a place with
Nayece, a woman from Jie community who lived in several caves. They named themselves Ng'iturkana which
Nakapelmoru village in Ko do district in the 17th century, means 'cave dwellers'. At this hill of Naceye- Moru anayece,
disagreed with her parents and brothers and le home in
the Turkana tribe came to be.
anguish without anybody's knowledge and wondered to
Kenya through Karamojong steeps side escapement. The increase in popula on of people and animals at Moru
Nayece led to the conflict among the three brothers which
She is believed to have followed River Tarach and used to
led to another movement.
draw her drinking water from there and stayed at the now
Moru Anayece (the hills of Anayece). The place was all green One group moved to the north and se led in south
with trees and bushes, fruits and berries. A er a long me, Sudan, forming the community currently known as
her family in Jie land had erased her picture in their the Toposa, while the other group went to the North
memories since they thought she had died or had been Eastern and se led a long River Nakua; stretching all
eaten by wild animals in the wilderness. the way and covering the large part South Omo zone
in the current Ethiopia. These formed a community
She one day came across a bull grazing near the banks of called the Nyang'atom.
river and drove it to her shelter for safe keeping. In Jie land,
young men were sent to search for the lost bull; they tracked The remaining Turkana group expanded and spread to the
it down the escapement and followed the flooded plains of south, north and the east forming the current Turkana
river Tarach. In their inquiry, they were surprised to find community occupying the current Turkana County of the
human footprints alongside the spoor. They also later found North western Kenya.
their bull in custody of Nayece, a jie woman who stayed alone.
The team that remained in Jie later split into two main
The young men were amazed at how much food she had groups that is the Iteso and the Karamojong. These
gathered and decided to rest for a while. Days turned into
communi es currently form the largest popula on North
weeks and weeks into months. The elders in Jie Land had to
eastern Uganda
disperse another team of young men to search the area.
Frequent deadly a acks and raids ruled the Uganda, Turkana,
Upon seeing the land of plenty, they too decide to rest for a Ethiopia and South Sudan corridors. The vola le borders
few days. The two groups agreed that the best way to help resulted in loss of many lives, livestock and proper es as well
25

ATURKAN 360 | May - August 2019 Edition

as huge amount of damages caused during the conflict The ones most dangerous corridor is now a peace model,
period that lasted for over 12 years. one that is admired and used as an example to demonstrate
successful peace ini a ve. Peace has now been realized in
Though there is s ll some li le conflict among these most of the corridors with few incidences of pe y animal
communi es, they s ll have all reasons that at mes bring the being reported.
them together to share a meal, ideas through elders'
dialogue and help promote peace and the economy of the
region during the ATANAYECE celebra ons.

Peace actors, communism and poli cal leaders and elders
from Karamojong, Iteso, Turkana, Nyang'atom and Toposa
communi es which form the Ateker cluster are all keen on
upholding the value of sharing equally and peacefully, just
as grandmother Nayece would prefer. Water and pasture,
the most essen al resources to these communi es have for
a long me been at the centre of conflict, s rring up ca le
rustling and propelling enmity among communi es from a
common origin.

Over the recent years, commemora ons are held at her
grave yard bringing together all the Atekers to perform the
ritual. A tradi onal ritual presided over by community elders
involving killing of white bulls. Ata Nayece Graveyard Stones
are thrown around the gravesite to show her legacy will live
forever and the burial ground will never disappear from the
face of the earth, a ritual that should be performed by
anybody visi ng the ground around the grave yard.

In mere moments of togetherness, families forge their most
indelible memories by 'Wes Fesler. Indeed, this act has seen
peaceful co-existence and is awakening the for tude of
brotherhood and family consciousness among the Ateker.








































26

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KIDS CORNER A URKAN36
Turkana unravelled Magazine
Turkanas live in houses made of mud and roofs of grass or
Ejoka” is how the Turkana people say how are you? Let me iron sheet. The Turkanas have a nice culture like on nice
break for you the story about the Turkana people. occasions thy would sing and dance, Marriage was in an
unusual way, If a boy likes a girl he would abduct her and
Ones upon a century, the Turkana were led by able diviners take her to his family and if the girl was stubborn they would
called Ng'imurok. The colonizer found it difficult to control beat her up un l she agree, Then they go and s ll the girls
the area because of the harsh weather condi on and the belonging's a er that they pay dowry and then conduct a
tough nature of the Turkana People. ceremony.

In defeat they 'locked' and isolated Turkana District, calling it Many would say that Turkanas are dangerous and harmful
a 'no go' zone. people because they carry guns while heading their ca le
but no they do so because of their neighbors' Pokot.
What they didn't know that the area was an oil land it
contained plenty of oil, truly the projectors of vast ages were The Pokot would come to a ack the Turkana's and raid there
not brain washed to embellish that don't judge a book by its
ca le's so they would walk around with guns for security
cover. purposes.
According to history, Research has shown that fossils of
In mes of trouble the Turkanas would came together and
human being were discovered there, Meaning Turkanas
solve the situa on and therea er celebrate together with
have being living on the land for many many years .Not only
songs and dances
that but also ancient stones were discovered there.
The Turkana believe that once upon a me people were
having a celebra on when God appeared with a fanny
looking face and people laughed which made God angry and
turned them into stones.





















































27

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