MATERIAL THAT COVERS WHITE GOLD

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LECTURER’S NAME: D20191089949
D20191089939
PROF. MADYA DR. MOHAMED NOR AZHARI BIN AZMAN D20191089935
D20182085645
PREPARED BY: D20182085665
D20182085653
MUHAMMAD SALEHUDDIN BIN SHAFIE D20182085664

AHMAD HISHAM BIN MAT JIN
MUHAMMAD HAIRI BIN ROSDI

NORFATIN AMIRA BINTI SAMIN
NUR AINA NADZIRA BINTI AZMAN

SITI SOLEHAH BINTI MOHD DAIM

NUR FADHILAH BINTI MOHAMAD TAJUDIN

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01 CONTENTS 03

INTRODUCTION 02 GOLD

04 FERROUS & NON 06
FERROUS
WHITE GOLD QUIZ
05

CONCLUSION

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Metal is a material that

when freshly prepared, Metals are usually malleable
(they can be hammered into
01 polished or broken, has a thin sheets) or ductile (they
shiny appearance and
can be drawn into wires).
02 conducts electricity and
heat reasonably well.

03 METAL
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06 Presently, 91 out of the 118 Metal are broadly classified
total elements on the as ferrous and non-ferrous.

periodic table are classified <>

. . . as metal.

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TYPES OF METALS

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02 FERROUS NON-FERROUS

03 ✓ Ferrous metals are metals ✓ Non – ferrous metals do

that contain iron not contain iron.

04 ✓ Some common ferrous ✓ Have iron composition

05 metals include alloy, steel, of less than one percent
carbon steel and cast iron. measured by weight.

06 ✓ Most ferrous metals are ✓ Non - ferrous metals
magnetic which makes include aluminium,

... them very useful for motor copper, lead, zinc, and
and electrical applications tin

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FERROUS

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02 IRON & STEEL CAST IRON STAINLESS STEEL
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Pure iron is soft and Contains 2%-4% of Hard and tough,
ductile BUT when carbon carbon, very hard and corrosion
is added, they are known resistance
brittle, strong under
as carbon steel
compression

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05 HIGH CARBON
STEEL
06 LOW CARBON MEDIUM
STEEL CARBON STEEL

... Ductile, can More hardness and High hardness and
malleable, easy toughness toughness

to machine <>

NON-FERROUS

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02 GOLD ALUMINIUM COPPER
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it is a bright, slightly Pure aluminium is a reddish-gold
reddish yellow, dense, soft, ductile, colored metal that is

soft, malleable, and corrosion resistant ductile, malleable
ductile metal

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05 SILVER

06 LEAD NICKEL
a hard, silvery-
... a very soft, dense, white metal whose nearly white,
and ductile strength, ductility lustrous, soft, very
(moldable) and resistance to ductile, malleable
metal
heat <>

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DIFFERENT OF THREE TYPES OF GOLD

01 WHITE GOLD YELLOW GOLD ROSE GOLD
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03 Made from mixture of pure gold & Mixing pure gold with Pure gold mixed with
04 Colour white metals (nickel, silver, copper, and zinc copper and silver alloys
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06 Surfaces silver, palladium) Yellow Rose gold
Price
... White
Durability
Lustrous white Luminous yellow tone Lustrous rose

More affordable than Affordable More affordable than
both yellow gold and the other gold colors
Durable enough for
platinum everyday wear More durable than
yellow or white gold
More durable and
scratch-resistant than

yellow gold

Example

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01 Gold is a pure element, but The amount of gold in yellow
and white gold is expressed
it contains other elements
as karats
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03 WHITE GOLD
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06 White gold is gold alloyed Two common alloys are
with nickel, palladium, gold-palladium-silver and
gold-nickel-copper-zinc
platinum, and/or
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. . . manganese. Sometimes it

contains copper, zinc, or

silver.

White gold made from
gold and palladium has an

01 acceptable pale gold/gray

color and may not be

02 coated with another metal

03 WHITE GOLD
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05 Most white gold has an

electroplating of rhodium or

06 platinum. The coating

improves color and shininess

. . . and reduces the incidence of <>
allergies or dermatitis from

metals in the alloy

WHITE GOLD

01 White Gold
Name Solid

02 Phase at STP 15900 kg/m3
350MPa
Density N/A
75
03 Ultimate Tensile Strength 100 BHN
937 °C
04 Yield Strength
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity 250 W/mK
220 J/g K
05 Brinell Hardness RM 187,267.50 /kg
Melting Point

06 Thermal Conductivity
Heat Capacity

. . . Price

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01 WHITE GOLD CONS
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03 PROS ✓ White gold jewellery can become
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05 ✓ More affordable than platinum. scratched, especially when worn
06 ✓ Currently more popular than
on a daily basis.
... yellow gold.
✓ White gold’s rhodium plating will
✓ Alloyed with stronger metals
wear away over time
than yellow gold, making it more
durable and scratch-resistant. ✓ Needs to be dipped every few

✓ White gold doesn’t rust, tarnish years to retain its color and luster

or corrode. and to replace the rhodium

✓ White gold is much more plating. This process is

malleable than platinum inexpensive, and many jewelers

offer the service for free.

✓ White gold is not hypoallergenic

unless mixed with alloy metals

other than nickel. <>

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Rhodium is a member of the It is harder than
gold and is highly
01 platinum group of metals and is
silver-hued, highly reflective durable

02 and does not tarnish or corrode.

03 RHODIUM
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05 Rhodium is a very brittle metal and

06 is not easily shaped or formed. As a But when used to plate
result, pure rhodium cannot be other jewellery,

... made into jewellery. On its own it rhodium enhances the
can easily crack and break durability of the metal

somewhat like glass. <>

Rhodium plating, also known as Because it is a hard metal, a
rhodium plated piece of
rhodium dip or rhodium jewellery will be more
scratch resistant
01 flashing, is used to increase the
durability, lustre and light

02 reflection of a piece of jewellery

03 Rhodium Plating
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06 Rhodium plating is mainly used Most rhodium plating has a
on silver-hued metals, such as thickness of 0.75 to 1.0
microns
white gold, palladium or silver
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The ideal thickness for rhodium For jewellery items such as
earrings and pendants that
plating is 0.75 to 1.0 microns.
are more sheltered or for
Although this may sound jewellery that is not worn
frequently, a thickness of 0.10
01 extremely thin, it is considered
thick enough for rings and other to 0.50 is acceptable

02 jewellery items that are
exposed to rough wear

03 Rhodium Plating
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06 If the rhodium plating is If rhodium plating is too
too thick, it can crack due thin, it can cause the
jewellery to become
to rhodium’s brittleness discoloured

... <>

Rhodium plating wears off over time and will need to be re-

01 plated. Typically, a ring would need to be re-plated once every
12 to 18 months, but this can vary depending on the wear and

tear the piece sustains as well as the thickness of the plating

02 and the color of the base metal

03 Rhodium Plating
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06 Re-plating a white gold ring can cost
around $100 (RM416.60), but prices

... vary based on the quality of the
rhodium, the jeweller’s skills and the

size of the jewellery. <>

Yes, it is. Because rhodium This is because rhodium does not

plating is hypoallergenic, we contain any allergens such as

won’t get skin reactions by nickel. In fact, a piece of jewellery

01 wearing rhodium plated that is causing skin reactions,
jewellery rhodium plating the piece can

02 eliminate this problem.

03 Is rhodium plated jewellery
04 safe to wear?

05 However, note that while rhodium itself will not cause

06 any rashes, white gold often contains nickel in its
alloys. As the rhodium plating wears off, we may be

... exposed to nickel allergies as your skin comes into
contact with the original metal of the jewellery

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Rhodium is plated using an Distilled water, steam
cleaning and electro
electroplating process. For a cleaning are some ways that
the item is cleaned before it is
piece of jewellery to be plated, it dipped into the rhodium

01 must first be thoroughly solution
cleaned to remove all

02 contaminants
03 Process of
04 Rhodium Plating

05 Care must be taken, because if the
electric current is too high, the
06 A positive electrical charge is
then used to fuse the rhodium rhodium plating will turn black. The
... process takes roughly around an
onto the base metal hour and a half to be completed

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PLATING WHITE GOLD

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https://youtu.be/rwLhOWRwLuA

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03 85% 73% 98%

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01 In conclusion, White gold is an alloy of gold. This means that it is made up of
02 pure yellow gold, mixed with alloy metals that have a silvery-white colour,
03 such as palladium and silver. In all gold jewellery, pure gold has to be mixed
04 with harder metals for added durability and strength. This is because on its
05 own, pure gold is a very soft metal. Without the harder alloy metals keeping it
06 rigid, pure gold would easily bend out of shape and that’s no good in jewellery.
This is the case whether the jewellery is made from yellow gold, rose gold or
... white gold, because in any of these variations, gold on its own would be too
soft. In white gold, additionally, the silvery-coloured alloys help to create the

desired white colour.

Whether white gold is for you is ultimately a personal choice. Overall, it makes
for a stunning choice if you love the neutral, classic look of silver or platinum. It
has much more durability and value than silver, but if you’re on a budget, it is

less expensive than platinum. Over the last half a century, white gold has
become much more popular than classic yellow gold and is in fact the most

often chosen metal for engagement rings. This attests its contemporary,
versatile look, exceptional value and high-quality feel.

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QUIZ

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03 85% 73% 98%
https://create.kahoot.it/creator/dc06f0f8
04 -8ca6-47a1-a7b0-63e70dada458

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REFERENCES

1. https://sciencenotes.org/what-is-white-gold-composition-and-comparison-to-platinum/
2. https://www.jewelryshoppingguide.com/everything-about-rhodium-plating/
3. https://www.reliance-foundry.com/blog/ferrous-non-ferrous-metals
4. https://www.diamonds.pro/education/platinum-vs-gold/
5. https://www.jewelrynotes.com/what-is-white-gold-jewelry/

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