LEARNING BIOLOGY BY ANALOGY

Restaurant wall – Cell membrane or Cell wall
(Restaurant wall protecting what inside like cell
membrane or cell wall protect the organelles inside the

cell)

Air inside restaurant – Cytoplasm
(Air fill the space inside the restaurant like cytoplasm

fill the space in the cell)

Waiters or Delivery boys – Golgi Bodies
(Waiters getting things to the client and Golgi bodies

getting things and transport the material to the
locations inside and outside the cell)

Kitchen – Endoplasmic reticulum
(Kitchen is the place where food is made and endoplasmic

reticulum is the place that work on protein and makes
membranes)

Chef – Ribosomes 1
(Chef make everything in kitchen like ribosomes it’s
responsible for translating code from mRNA and making

proteins)

Fridge – Vacuole
(Fridge is the place to store food like the vacuole is the place to store

water, food and waste in the cell)

Oven or stove – Mitochondria
(Oven or stove function as the power source in the kitchen like the
mitochondria as the generate energy or function as power plants inside

the cell)

Manager – Nucleus
(Manager control everything in the restaurant same with the nucleus it

controls everything that goes in and out from the cell)

Recipe – Chromosome
(Recipe function as the instruction to make food same with the

chromosome they tell how to make things inside the cell)

Manager Office – Nuclear membrane
(It protect the manager inside the restaurant and nucleus was protected

by nuclear membrane inside the cell)

Dumpster - Lysosome
(Dumpster function as waste disposal and lysosome also act as garbage

disposal because it gets rid the waste from the cell)

2

The Cell wall is similar to the bricks that make up the outside of a prison.
It protects and supports the inside of the building, just like a cell wall
does for the inside of a cell.

3

When we costing the bike down a hill, we not using much energy to do it
because the bike will go down easily like diffusion process it’s happen when
particles or molecules move from the region where are high in concentration to
the region where are low in concentration, diffusion can occur without using

energy or ATP.

4

When we costing the bike up a hill, we need lots of energy to pedal our
bike. Like cells, they need ATP to be used as energy to move the

particle or molecule that are from an area of low in concentration to an
area of high in concentration.

5

Complex carbohydrates are like a string of pearl. Glucose is like single pearl
To get sense of how this size difference effect blood glucose levels; imagine
dropping a 30 pearl necklace on the floor, the necklace stays in one piece. Now
imagine dropping 30 single of pearl, the pearl will explode over a wide area. This is
what occurring in your blood when you are constantly eating high glycemic index food,
it is a constant explosion of glucose into your blood that stress your pancreas to

produce insulin to lower your glucose levels.

6

Key = substrate
Lock = enzyme
 Key + Lock = correct fit will react and produces product
 Key + Lock = incorrect fit will not produce any reactions

7

A cell going through mitosis is like a house splitting itself in half,
separating, and then automatically repairing the plumbing electrical and

structural elements to form two functioning households from one.

8

Meiosis is like a plant that is always producing fruit, because in meiosis
the cells are always producing new cells, and plants are producing new

fruits.

9

To make a bread = Flour + water + oven (electricity) smell + bread
In photosynthesis = Carbon dioxide + water + Plant (sunlight) oxygen + glucose

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

10

The function of stomach is to mix bolus into smaller pieces. It is
similar to a blender that is used to mix the food and makes them into

pieces that are smaller than the original whole food.

STOMACH BLENDER
11

A sponge absorbs water when it Squeezing a
is squeezed and released. If it sponge
has many small pores, it will pick
up a lot of water after being
squeezed. But, if the pores are

larger, it will not take in as
much water. This is why the

lungs require hundreds of
millions of alveoli to draw

enough air into them.

12

The leaves act as bronchioles that absorb oxygen and release LEAVES
carbon dioxide. The tree branches separate out into branches
acts as bronchi from the larynx. The branches extend out to TRUNK
ROOT
the leaves like the bronchi extends.

The roots connect to BRANCH
the trees trunk are like
the larynx connects to
the trachea. The trunk

supports the tree as
the trachea does for
the respiratory system.

13

The bell jar acts as a chest cavity in EXPIRATION INSPIRATION
which the lungs are situated. The

balloons acts as the lungs and it will
expands as air enters through the
tube. The sheath acts as diaphragm
that will contracts and expands as
the lungs inflate and deflate and the

Y tube acts as the trachea and
bronchi in which allows gasses to

enter the lungs.

14

Decomposers break down dead and
decaying matter and release nutrients that
can be reused by primary producers. They

recycle nutrients like a recycling center
that recycles the paper or the plastic.
They are made into new products which are

resold on the open market.

15

The Earth acts as the Kingdom. The
continent acts as the Phylum. The country

acts as the Class. The state acts as the
Order. The city acts as the Family. The
neighborhood acts as the Genus and the

house acts the Species.

16

More blankets means warmer inside, cooler outside. With an increasing number of blankets, the
temperature above the blankets gets cooler, because more energy is trapped below the blankets.

With increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) in Earth’s atmosphere, the upper atmosphere gets
progressively cooler, because more energy is trapped in the lower layers of the atmosphere.

GREENHOUSE
EFFECT

17

Torchlight represents the sun. Disc represents ozone layer while
ball represents earth. The ozone layer acts as a shield to absorb
the UV rays from the sunlight, and keep them from damage at the

Earth's surface.

18

Oxygen Roads and highways are the
medium transportation of goods
Carbon and people by the vehicle such a
dioxide car from one place to another

place.

The circulatory system is like
the road or highway. It let blood
carry substances and molecules
such as oxygen, carbon dioxide

and waste product from
different place in the body.

19

Airport’s building The outside layer is airport’s building,
Baggage screening area represents skin and mucous membrane
which are the first line immune system.

Second line immune system is
macrophages, phagocytes, antimicrobial
protein and inflammatory responses. It

is like the security in the baggage
screening and body scanner technicians
before they let passengers enter the

waiting room.

20

In its structure, bone is like reinforced concrete. The collagen fibers, like the
steel of reinforced concrete which provide tensile strength. The bones' mineral is

like cement, sand and rock of concrete which provide the compression strength.

BONE’S STRUCTURE REINFORCED CONCRETE

Cement, sand
and rock

Steel
21

Bone marrow is like a garden. If it is healthy, it grows red flowers represent
red oxygen-carrying blood cells. The enchanted garden also produces white

flowers which represent white infection fighting cells and platelets.

22

Neuron has a resting potential. Water stored in the tank of toilet also has
potential energy due to gravity.

Neuron has an action potential. Meanwhile, an “impulse” is sent down the
sewer pipe when toilet is flush.

Neuron has refractory period. A toilet also has refractory period because
it cannot be flushed while tank is filling up.

Impulse

Potential
energy

23

Oil filter is the automotive part that function as removes the grit and solids
from the motor oil to prevent it get into the engine and disturb the entire
function of the vehicles. Like the kidney, kidney also functions as the filter in

our body that removes the waste and excess water from the body.

Kidney

24

Pistil is like an upside down umbrella and forms the floor.
Stigma is where the pollinator walks when it enters the
flower. Insects bringing pollen from anther will deposit it on
the sticky floor of the stigma as they bumble about inside the

flower, thus cross-pollinating the plant.

25

Placenta is like a window; a small particle easily passes through it but not
the large particle. The baby gets nutrients, hormone and oxygen that are
sent in from the mother through the placenta but the baby does not fit

to get out via placenta.

26

MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND MOON CYCLE A woman's menstrual cycle is like the
cycle of the Moon around the Earth in

nature.

The moon cycle coincidently has an
average length of 29.5 days as well. The
similarity of moon cycle and a woman’s

menstrual cycle is the changes.

It starts from the menstruation of new
growth, to the ovulation of full power and

blossom, to the pre-menstrual phase of
harvest and degeneration, and back to

menstruation of renewal again.
27

There are two pairs of the same shoes, one pair in white and one in blue.
These shoes are the same size, same brand, exact same style. The white
shoes are like sister chromatids to each other, just as the blue shoes are
sister chromatids with each other. The white and blue are like homologs

to each other.

28

The alphabet in the book is represent the genetic code GCAT. The recipe in the book
represent one gene. The recipe book is representing one chromosomes. A collection
of recipe book represents the genome which is the all 46 of human chromosomes and
lastly the product that produce from the recipe is represent the one protein that

made from the recipe. Example: a cake

Alphabet is Genetic Recipe is one genes Recipe book is Collection book is Cake is one
codes chromosomes genome protein

29

Lipstick is a cosmetic product that exist in many types, colors and textures.
Some lipsticks are also lip balms, to add color and hydration. It enhances the
pout and fullness of a woman's lips. It also brings a mood and emotion to her

face. It is similar to variation in humans. Each individual has different of
features such as height, weight, skin color, eye color, blood group and others.

VARIATON IN HUMANS

30

The damaged book usually poor in quality and appearance. Over time, it will
be unwanted and throw away. Just like chromosomal mutations that cause a
variety of genetic diseases, disabilities and sometimes can cause the death.

MUTATION
31