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Published by cikgu online, 2020-01-21 21:55:44

FALL GUIDELINES MOH 2019

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APPENDIX 3: MEDICATION ASSESSMENT TOOLS

APPENDIX 8
MEDICATION HISTORY ASSESSMENT FORM CP 1
PHARMACY DEPARTMENT,HOSPITAL…………………………………………………………………….

FORM TO BE FILLED BY THE PHARMACIST UPON PATIENT ADMISSION










































Pharmacist Sign & Stamp: _________________________________ Time / Date: ________________________

Original : To be kept in patient’s folder
Duplicate : To be kept by Pharmacy
Pin. 1/10


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MEDICATION APPROPRIATENESS INDEX (MAI) CHECKLIST

1 Is there an indication for the drug?
2 Is the medication effective for the condition?
3 Is the dosage correct?
4 Are the directions correct?
5 Are the directions practical?
6 Are there clinically significant drug-drug interactions?
7 Are there clinically significant drug-disease interactions?
8 Is there unnecessary duplication with other drugs?
9 Is the duration of therapy acceptable?
10 Is this drug the least expensive alternative compared to others of equal utility?




































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APPENDIX 4: EXAMPLES OF CLINICAL AUDIT TOOLS
APPENDIX 4: EXAMPLES OF CLINICAL AUDIT TOOLS






























































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REFERENCES

Introduction

Abu Bakar N. Guidelines on Implementation: Incident Reporting & Learning System 2.0 for
Ministry of Health Malaysia Hospitals. Patient Safety Unit, Medical Care Quality Section,
Medical Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia 2017

Preventing Falls in Hospitals: A Toolkit for Improving Quality of Care. Agency for
Healthcare Research & Quality, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, January
2013

Cameron ID, Murray GR, Gillespie LD, et al. Interventions for preventing falls in older
people in nursing care facilities and hospitals. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2010, Issue 1

Currie L. Fall and Injury Prevention. In: Hughes RG, editor. Patient Safety and Quality: An
Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and
Quality (US); 2008 Apr, Chapter 10.

Oliver D, Healey F, Haines TP. Preventing falls and fall-related injuries in hospitals. Clinical
Geriatric Medicine 2010; 26(4):645-92

Lee FS, Sararaks S, Yau WK, et al. Statistical Report: Falls In Older Inpatients In MOH
Hospitals. A Project Under The 9th Malaysia Plan For Improving Patient Safety. QA Report:
Falls In Hospital Kuala Lumpur, 2011


Falls Intervention Team and Components

Preventing Falls in Hospitals: A Toolkit for Improving Quality of Care. Agency for
Healthcare Research & Quality, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, January
2013

Weiner BJ, Shortell SM, Alexander J. Promoting clinical involvement in hospital quality
improvement efforts: the effects of top management, board, and physician leadership.
Health Service Res 1997; 32(4):491-510

Leape, L. Testimony, United States Congress, United States Senate Subcommittee on
Labor, Health and Human Services and Education, January 25, 2000


Screening

Morse JM, Black C, Oberle K, et al. A prospective study to identify the fall-prone patient.
Social Science and Medicine 1989; 28(1):81-6

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Morse JM, Morse RM, Tylko, SJ. Development of a scale to identify the fall-prone patient.
Canadian Journal on Aging 1989, 8(4), 366-377


Risk Factors and Assessment

Falls: Assessment and prevention of falls in older people. Falls: NICE clinical guideline 161,
June 2013

Hempel S, Newberry S, Wang Z, Booth M, Shanman R, Johnsen B, Shier V, Saliba D,
Spector WD, Ganz DA. Hospital Fall Prevention: A Systematic Review of Implementation,
Components, Adherence, and Effectiveness Journal of American Geriatric Society 61:483–
494, 2013

NHS Trust: Preventing Patient Falls Policy including Safe Use of Bed Rails. The Royal
Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals. Updated July 2015

Oliver D, Daly F, Finbarr MC, Mcmurdo MET. Risk factors and risk assessment tools for falls
in hospital in-patients: a systematic review. Age and Ageing 2004; 33: 122–130

Strategy to Prevent Falls and Fractures in Ireland’s Ageing Population Summary:
Conclusions and Recommendations. Health Service Executive, Department of Health and
Children and National Council on Ageing and Older People, June 2008


Post-Fall Management

Abu Bakar N. Guidelines on Implementation: Incident Reporting & Learning System 2.0 for
Ministry of Health Malaysia Hospitals. Patient Safety Unit, Medical Care Quality Section,
Medical Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia 2017

Preventing Falls and Harm From Falls in Older People. Best Practice Guidelines for
Australian Hospitals, 2009

Putting Your Best Foot Forward: Preventing and Managing Falls in Aged Care Facilities.
Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, 1998


Roles of Team Members

Nurses

Gu YY, Balcaen K, Ni Y, Ampe J, Goffin J. Review on prevention of falls in hospital settings.
Chinese Nursing Research 3, 2016, 7e10




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McKinley C, Fletcher A, Biggins A, McMurray A, Birtwhistle S, Gardiner L, Lampshire S,
Noake N, Lockhart J. Evidence-based Management Practice: Reducing Falls in Hospital.
Collegian 2007, Volume 14 No.2, page 20-25

Quigley P, Lunsford B, Wilson LD, Wexler SS, D’Amico CO, Hester AL. Focus on Falls
Prevention. Nurse Today 2015, Volume 10, Number 7, page 27-39

Anderson G, Campos T, Earley V, Johantges D, Johnson CL, O’Connor E. Patient Falls:
Achieving Sustained Reduction in Patient Falls. The Memorial Hermann Healthcare
System, Texas Medical Center, 2009
Physiotherapists

Sherrington, C., Lord, SR., Close JCT. Best-practice recommendations for physical
activity to prevent falls in older adults: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by
the Sax Institute for the Centre for Health Advancement, NSW Department of Health,
2008

Chang JT, Morton SC, Rubenstein LZ, Mojica WA, Maglione M, Suttorp MJ, Roth EA,
Shekelle PG. Interventions for the prevention of falls in older adults: systematic review
and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. BMJ 2004, Volume 328, 20 March, Page 1-
7

Harnish A, Dieter W, Crawford A, Shubert TE. Effects of evidence-based fall reduction
programing on the functional wellness of older adults in a senior living community: a
clinical case study. Front Public Health, 22 December 2016, Volume 4, Article 262, Page 1-
9

Prevention of Falls in Older Persons. AGS/BGS Clinical Practice Guideline, 2010

Sherrington C, Tiedemann A. Physiotherapy in the prevention of falls in older people.
Journal of Physiotherapy 2015, 61: 54–60


Occupational Therapists

Improve Public Policy Response and Medicare Coverage for Fall Prevention and
Intervention. The American Occupational Therapy Association, July 2010

Peterson EW, Clemson L. Understanding the Role of Occupational Therapy in Fall
Prevention for Community-Dwelling Older Adults. OT Practice 2008, 13(3) article code
CEA0208, CE 1-8

Carter LT, Oliveira DO, Duponte J, Lynch SV. The Relationship of Cognitive Skills
Performance to Activities of Daily Living in Stroke Patients. The American Journal of
Occupational Therapy 1998, Volume 42, Number 7, Page 499-453



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Ohura T, Hase K, Nakajima Y, Nakayama T. Validity and reliability of a performance
evaluation tool based on the modified Barthel Index for stroke patients. BMC Medical
Research Methodology 2017, 17:131, Page 1-8


Pharmacists

Burfield, AH. Medication interventions for fall prevention in the older adult. Pharmacy
Today 2009, 15(5), 34–48

Chang CM, Chen MJ, Tsai CY, Ho LH, Hsieh HL, Chau YL, Liu CY. Medical conditions and
medications as risk factors of falls in the inpatient older people: A case-control study.
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2011, 26(6), 602–607

Chen Y, Zhu LL, Zhou Q. Effects of drug pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties,
characteristics of medication use, and relevant pharmacological interventions on fall risk
in elderly patients. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management 2014, 10(1), 437–448

Hanlon JT, Schmader KE. The Medication Appropriateness Index at 20: Where it Started,
Where it Has Been and Where it May be Going. Drugs & Aging, 2013, 30(11).
https://www.cgakit.com/m-2-mai

Jatau AI, Aung MMT, Kamauzaman THT, Rahman AFA. Prevalence of Drug-Related
Emergency Department Visits at a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia. Drugs - Real World
Outcomes 2015, 2(4), 387–395

Karani MV, Haddad Y, Lee R. The Role of Pharmacists in Preventing Falls among America’s
Older Adults. Frontiers in Public Health 2016, 4(November), 1–4

Nobili A, Garattini S, Mannucci P. Multiple diseases and polypharmacy in the elderly:
challenges for the internist of the third millennium. Journal of Comorbidity 2011, 1(1), 28–
44

O’ Mahony D, et al. STOPP/START Criteria For Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing In
Older People: Version 2. Age and Ageing, 2015, 44(2), 213–218

Shah BM, Hajjar ER. Polypharmacy, Adverse Drug Reactions, and Geriatric Syndromes.
Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 2012, 28(2), 173–186

Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults.
American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel, 2015

Wang R, Chen L, Fan L, Gao D, Liang Z, He J, Gao L. Incidence and effects of polypharmacy
on clinical outcome among patients aged 80+: A five-year follow-up study. PLoS ONE 2015,
10(11), 1–8


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Willeboordse F, Hugtenburg JG, Van Dijk L, Bosmans JE, De Vries OJ, Schellevis FG, Elders
PJM. Opti-Med: the effectiveness of optimised clinical medication reviews in older people
with “geriatric giants” in general practice; study protocol of a cluster randomized
controlled trial. BMC Geriatrics 2014, 14, 116


Training

Preventing Falls in Hospitals: A Toolkit for Improving Quality of Care. Agency for
Healthcare Research & Quality, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, January
2013


Audit

Kamar J. Clinical Audit to Support Quality Improvement Seminar. Monash University,
School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine: The Alfred Medical Research and
Education Precinct, Melbourne, 2016

National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards. Australian Commission on Safety
and Quality in Health Care, September 2012

Feil M. Falls prevention: Pennsylvania hospitals implementing best practices. Pa Patient
Saf Advis 2013 Dec; 10(4):117-24

National Audit of Inpatient Falls: Audit Report. Royal College of Physicians London, 2015





























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MOH/P/HKL/09.19(GU)-e


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