INTRODUCTION OF NURSING 1.5 Ergonomic for Nurse

INTRODUCTION OF




NURSING




1.5 Ergonomic for Nurse




3 Hours







PUAN JULIE JAMES ABDULLAH

Learning outcomes


















1 2 3










Discuss the concept Describe the Describe the

of ergonomic common injuries principles of body


related to work mechanic


among nurses and

its prevention.

Learning Outline













1. Ergonomic for nurses


• Introduction to concept of ergonomic – nurse and work

➢ Define ergonomic

➢ Principles of ergonomic

➢ Benefits or ergonomic

• Common precaution for nurses to prevent injuries and cross infection

➢ Nurse and equipment

➢ Nurse and environment

➢ Nurse and safety

▪ Hand washing

▪ Hand rub

Learning Outline

















• Techniques to minimize risk of injury from transferring /

repositioning patients

INTRODUCTION TO







CONCEPT OF







ERGONOMIC –







NURSE AND WORK

Ergonomic

















• Ergonomics is a scientific discipline that addresses the human being in the environment
to facilitate human wellbeing.



• For example, an ergonomically designed computer mouse and ergonomically and

anatomically correct chairs that curve to conform to our normal lumbar curve are

examples of ergonomic principles applied to products that are used in the home and the

workplace.

11 Principles 1. Work in Neutral 7. Avoid carrying out
Postures tasks above shoulder

of Ergonomic 2. Keep work close to level


the body 8. Limit the weight of a

load that is lifted
3. Avoid bending
forward 9. Use Mechanical Aids


4. A twisted trunk 10. Avoid carrying loads

strains the back with one hand


5. Alternate posture as 11. Use transport

well as movements accessories


6. Avoid excessive
reaches

ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLE













1. Work in Joints must be in a neutral position




Neutral




Postures DESCRIPTION













In the neutral position the muscles and

ligaments, which span the joints, are

stretched to the least possible extent

1. Work in Neutral Postures










• The back with its natural




“S-curve” intact

Work in neutral postures




The Fallacy of Right Angles







Better
Good

Keep Neck Straight













































Telephone Neck Bifocal Neck

Work in Neutral Postures





Elbows held naturally at sides



and shoulders relaxed











































Bad Bad Good

Adjust furniture as best you can to

correct heights.











Rearrange desktop layout

Possible




Improvements


Use keyboard holder, one with space for

your mouse.











Use a touch pad

ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLE










Keep work close to the body



2. Keep work




close to the DESCRIPTION




body




If the work is too far from the body, the arms will be

outstretched, and the trunk bent over forwards







Flip side of Neutral Evaluate furniture &

Postures equipment

2. Keep work close to the body

2. Keep work close to the body







Reach Envelope

ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLE










Avoid bending forward


3. Avoid




bending DESCRIPTION




forward





The upper part of the body of an adult weighs about 40kg on
average.






The further the trunk is bent forwards, the harder it is for the

muscles and ligaments of the back to maintain the upper body
in balance

3. Avoid bending forward

ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLE










4. A twisted A twisted trunk strains the back




trunk




strains the




back DESCRIPTION












Twisted postures of the trunk cause

undesirable stress to the spine

4. A twisted trunk strains the back

ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLE











5. Alternate Alternate posture as well as movements



posture as




well as




movements DESCRIPTION











No posture or movement should be maintained

for a long period of time. Prolonged postures
and repetitive movements are tiring.

5. Alternate posture as well as movements

ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLE








excessive reaches


Grasping Forces
6. Avoid Avoid Push and Pull



Forces
excessive




reaches DESCRIPTION













It is necessary to limit the extent of

forward and sideways reaches to avoid

having to bend over or twist the trunk

6. Avoid excessive reaches

ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLE




7. Avoid




carrying Avoid carrying out tasks above shoulder


level
out tasks




above




shoulder DESCRIPTION




level






The hands and elbows should be well below

shoulder level when carrying out a task

7. Avoid carrying out tasks above shoulder




level

ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLE










8. Limit the Limit the weight of a load that is lifted




weight of a




load that is




lifted DESCRIPTION












There are guidance weight limits for both

males and females

Guideline weight

ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLE














9. Use Use mechanical aids



Mechanical




Aids

DESCRIPTION












Many lifting accessories are available to

help lift and move loads

9. Use Mechanical Aids

ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLE










10.Avoid Avoid carrying loads with one hand




carrying




loads with




one hand DESCRIPTION












When only one hand is used to carry a load,

the body is subject to mechanical stress

10.Avoid carrying loads with one hand

ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLE














11. Use Use transport accessories



transport




accessories

DESCRIPTION











There are a large number of accessories such as roller

conveyors, conveyor belts, trolleys and mobile raising
platforms, which eliminate or reduce manual handling.

11.Use transport accessories

Move, Exercise & Stretch












• Stop if you have problems





• Gently and regularly




• Get medical clearance




• Not an alternative to good furniture and


equipment

The Power Zone For Lifting













• Close to the body



• Mid-thigh & mid-chest height.




• Comparable to the strike zone


in baseball

What is wrong?

1. Increased savings



• Fewer injuries


Benefits of • More productive and sustainable employees




Ergonomic

2. Fewer experiencing pain


• Implementing ergonomic improvements can


reduce the risk factors that lead to discomfort.

3. Increased productivity

• Ergonomic improvements can reduce the primary risk

factors for musculoskeletal disorders, so more efficient,

productive, and have greater job satisfaction.





Benefits of 4. Increased morale



• Attention to ergonomics can make employees feel valued
Ergonomic because they know their employer is making their


workplace safer.






5. Reduced absenteeism


• Ergonomics leads to healthy and pain-free workers who

are more likely to be engaged and productive.

6. Increase productivity - remove barriers to


quality, productivity & human

performance. The ability of employees to do

their jobs is influenced by workspace

Benefits of attributes




Ergonomic

7. Prevent fatigue, discomfort, and pain due to


incorrect workplace design and practices pain

limits our ability to perform

8. Enhance the health of health care provider

Benefits of and organisation’s profits


➢employers can reduce negative costs while
Ergonomic improving the quality of work and



overall productivity.

COMMON PRECAUTION





FOR NURSES TO






PREVENT INJURIES AND





CROSS INFECTION

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2661/







• Quality Medical Care Section, Medical


Development Division (2009). Ministry of Health

Malaysia Policies And Procedures On Infection

nd
References Control 2 edition.

• L. Raka, D. Zoutman, G. Mulliqi, S. Krasniqi, I.


Dedushaj, N. Raka, et al. Prevalence of

nosocomial infections in high-risk units in the

university clinical center of Kosova Infect

Control Hosp Epidemiol, 27 (4) (2006), pp. 421-


423

Common Precaution For Nurses To






Prevent Injuries and Cross Infection






















Nurse and Equipment Nurse and Environment Nurse and Safety



PPE Needlestick injury Hand washing

Fall Hand rub


Cross infection Musculoskeletal Injury


Environmental products /
diseases

Nurses To Prevent Injuries




And Cross Infection







• Nurses experience significant physical and


psychological demands during their day, as well as a

work safety climate that can be adverse.


• The hazards of nursing work can impair health both


acutely and in the long term.


• These health outcomes include musculoskeletal

injuries/disorders, other injuries, infections, changes

in mental health, and in the longer term,


cardiovascular, metabolic, and neoplastic diseases.

Nurse and Equipment











Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Nurses exposure to hazardous processes or infectious

materials or chemicals due to inappropriate or lack of

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).












PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT



Nurse and Maintained in a sanitary and


Personal protective reliable condition wherever it
Equipment equipment for eyes, is necessary by reason of

hazards of processes or
face, head, and environment, chemical

extremities, hazards, radiological hazards,
or mechanical
protective clothing, irritants encountered in a


respiratory devices, manner capable of causing

and protective injury or impairment in the
function of any part of the
shields and barriers, body through absorption,


inhalation or physical contact

Personal Situation need


Protective PPE



Nurse and Equipment (PPE)


gloves, goggles, and splash Medical Services and First
Equipment aprons Aid



• Where the eyes or body of

any person may be
exposed to injurious

corrosive materials,

suitable facilities for quick

drenching or flushing of
the eyes and body shall be

provided within the work

area for immediate

emergency use.

➢Hand Protections


✓when hands are exposed to hazards

such as those from skin absorption of

harmful substances; severe cuts or

Nurse and lacerations; severe abrasions; punctures;


chemical burns; thermal burns; and
Equipment harmful temperature extremes.

• Some general PPE Guidelines include:

a. Wear gloves, when handling chemicals and/or

body fluids.

b. Wear safety shoes/boots/covers if hazardous

substance is likely to splash.


c. Wear an apron/gown/coveralls- if hazardous
Nurse and substance is likely to splash.



d. Use a respirator: when hazardous substance is
Equipment airborne such as tuberculosis.



e. Wear hearing protection: for loud noises such as
from equipment.


f. Remove PPE carefully to avoid contaminating
yourself.


g. Dispose of PPE in designated containers before
leaving area.