Brenna Gillotti (Class of 2022) Blue Team Science Portfolio 2018

3. How does the atmosphere act as an insulator?
Earth’s atmosphere acts as an insulator by protecting us from intense heat and
direct sunlight. The short wavelength and UV rays are what the atmosphere keeps
out of the Earth, and if it were to reach the Earth, it could cause DNA damage to
living things. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere also prevent Earth from
getting too hot in the day and too cold during the night.

8. SPECIFIC HEAT WORKSHEET
WORKSHEET LINK​ - Use this worksheet and show your work

DIRECTIONS: ​ Heat​ = mass * change in temperature * Specific Heat
1. A 15.75-g piece of iron absorbs 1086.75 joules of heat energy, and its temperature changes from
25°C to 175°C. Calculate the specific heat capacity of iron.

Heat​ = mass * change in temperature * Specific Heat
1086.75 j = 15.75 g * (175°C - 25°C) * X
1086.75 j = 15.75 g * 150°C * X
1086.75 j = 2362.5 X
Specific Heat = 2362.5 J/g°C

2. How many joules of heat are needed to raise the temperature of 10.0 g of aluminum from 22°C to
55°C, if the specific heat of aluminum is 0.90 J/g°C?

Heat​ = mass * change in temperature * Specific Heat
Heat = 10 g * (55°C - 22°C) * 0.9 J/g°C
Heat = 10 g * 33°C * 0.9 J/g°C
Heat = 297 J

3. To what temperature will a 50.0 g piece of glass raise if it absorbs 5275 joules of heat and its
specific heat capacity is 0.50 J/g°C? The initial temperature of the glass is 20.0°C.

Heat​ = mass * change in temperature * Specific Heat
5275 J = 50 g * (X - 20°C) * 0.5 J/g°C
5275 J = (50x - 1000) * 0.5J/g°C
5275 J = 25x - 500
5775 J = 25x

4. Calculate the heat capacity of a piece of wood if 1500.0 g of the wood absorbs 6.75×104​ ​ joules of
heat, and its temperature changes from 32°C to 57°C.

Heat​ = mass * change in temperature * Specific Heat
67,500 J = 1,500 g * (57°C - 32°C) * SH
67,500 J = 1,500 g * 25°C * SH
67,500J = 37500 * SH
1.8J/g°C = SH

5. 100.0 mL of 4.0°C water is heated until its temperature is 37°C. If the specific heat of water is
4.18 J/g°C, calculate the amount of heat energy needed to cause this rise in temperature.

Heat​ = mass * change in temperature * Specific Heat
Heat = 100mL * (37°C - 4°C) * 4.18 J/g°C
Heat = 100mL * 33* 4.18 J/g°C
Heat = 1379.4 J

6. 25.0 g of mercury is heated from 25°C to 155°C, and absorbs 455 joules of heat in the process.
Calculate the specific heat capacity of mercury.

Heat​ = mass * change in temperature * Specific Heat
455 J = 25 g * (155°C - 25°C) * SH
455 J = 25 g * 130°C * SH
3,250 J/g°C = SH

7. What is the specific heat capacity of silver metal if 55.00 g of the metal absorbs 47.3 c​ alories​ of
heat and the temperature rises 15.0°C?

Heat​ = mass * change in temperature * Specific Heat
47.3°C = 55 g * 15°C * SH
SH = 825 J/g°C

8. If a sample of chloroform is initially at 25°C, what is its final temperature if 150.0 g of
chloroform absorbs 1000 joules of heat, and the specific heat of chloroform is 0.96 J/g°C?

Heat​ = mass * change in temperature * Specific Heat
1000 J = 150 g * 25°C * 0.96 J/g°C
Final Temp. = 3,600°C

​Use this website for examples
http://www.kentchemistry.com/links/Energy/SpecificHeat.htm

Electricity  

Electricity Timeline
Due: Thursday

Directions: Make a timeline on a poster with 10 significant
events with dates and key information

1. You need 10 events in the story of electricity.

● 500 B.C - ​Thales of Miletus rubbed amber with fur making static which he named
electron which is a greek work for amber - we now call the phemonia between the fur
and amber static electricity

● 1800 - ​the first simple battery was made by ​Alessandro Volta
● 1835 -​ the relay was invented (a remote switch controlled by current, magnetism, and

temperature invented by Joseph Henry
● 1876​ - the first electronic telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell
● 1901 - ​Italian inventor and engineer Guglielmo Marconi developed the first long distance

and wireless telegram and in 1901 broadcasted the first transatlantic radio signal.
● 1908​ - first electric powered clothing washing machine was invented by Hurley Machine

Company of Chicago, Illinois
● 1927- t​ he first electronic television was invented by Philo Farnsworth when he was only

14 years old
● 1938​ - first electric powered clothing dryer was invented by J. Ross Moore
● 1947 - ​first interactive video simulator game which set up a Cathode Ray Tube used to

position a red dot on the screen, invented by Thomas T. Goldsmith and Estle Ray Mann
after World War II.
● 1954​ - first nuclear power plant that generates electric power (USSR'S Obninsk Nuclear
Power Plant)
● EACH PICTURES ARE IN ORDER OF THE EVENT

2. Images that describe the event.
3. What do you think the major discoveries will be in the future for

electricity?
4. Choose one famous scientist that studied electricity and write a report

on his/her life.

Alexander Graham Bell was a Scottish scientist, engineer, innovator
and inventor, who lived from 1847 to 1922. His family had worked in the
world of grammar and speech. However, his wife and mother were deaf,
which inspired Bell’s work. While researching hearing and speech, it led
him to work on and experiment with hearing devices which he later on
found the first electronic telephone. He is also the founder of the American
Telephone and Telegraph company (AT&T). His invention of the telephone
changed the world in the way we can communicate with one another from
two completely different locations. Bell had also contributed to other
groundbreaking inventions including hydrofoils, aeronautics, and optical
telecommunications, but the first electronic telephone was the most
remarkable of all.
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLANqGp_egeoZAcr-YRvz7TfWmjz
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Science Portfolio Reflection

1. What was your favorite science activity or topic this year? Why did you enjoy this
activity? Be specific

My favorite activity in science this year was working with chemical reactions because
being able to learn about and observe how some chemicals react to another and how it
affects us.

2. Which topic or skill did you find to be the most challenging? Explain

I found isotopes and fossils to be the most challenging because the math that when
into figuring out how old a fossil was and how much of it was left confused me.

3. Provide an example of 3 types of graphs that were used this year in science? Why did
it make sense to use these graphs for those activities?

We have used a pie chart, a bar graph, and a line graph this year to plot data in
science. It made sense to use these kinds of graph because for a pie chart, it displays
the percentages of when we did mixtures, for a line graph, it displays the solute of
when we did solubility, and a bar graph displayed the data of comparing velocities
when we did velocity.

4. What were the key tips you remembered about solving math problems in science this
year? Word problems? Provide an example from this portfolio of a science math
problem that was challenging to solve this year.

The key tip that I remembered about solving math problems in science is to always
follow the formula exactly how it’s written to help solve the problem. These are some
problems that I found challenging this year from the chemical reactions unit.
Al​2 ​(27) = 54/342 = 15.8%
S3​ ​(32) = 96/342 = 28.1%
O1​ 2 (​ 16) = 192/342 = 56.1%

5. Which lab conclusion or sample of writing are you most proud of in this portfolio?

This sample of writing is what I’m most proud of from the atomic structure unit.
*What are some trends in the Periodic Table?
One of some of the very common trends in the Periodic table is the ionization
energy. Ionization energy is the necessary quantity of energy to take away an electron
from the neutralized atom, which basically means its the necessary quantity of energy
to make a neutral atom into a positively charged ion. The amount of ionization energy
increases from left to right going across the Periodic Table. The first column has only 1

valence electron in each atom and because of that that electron can very easily be
taken away with a low ionization energy. However, the last column has the noble
gases which already have full valence shells and that means that they don’t need to
lose any electrons, giving it a high ionization energy amount. Ionization energy also
decreases as you go down the periodic table because each row adds one more orbital
shell. The electron cloud gets bigger as the rows go down. When there is less
attraction to the center, or the nucleus of the atom, less energy is needed to take away
the electron, which will give it a lower ionization energy amount.

Another common trend in the Periodic Table is the atomic radius. Atomic
radius is the length between the outermost ring of the electron cloud from the center of
the nucleus. Unlike the ionization energy, the atomic radius decreases from left to right
across the Periodic Table because as you go across the table, the amount of protons
in the nucleus increase. As the amount of protons in the nucleus increase, the amount
of electrons attracted to the nucleus increases. If the electrons are more attracted to
the nucleus, the closer they will get to it which will decrease the atomic radius. To add
on, the atomic radius increases as you go down the Periodic Table. Each level on the
table increases by one orbital shell. Each orbital shell will be farther away from the
nucleus, which increases the atomic radius.

6. What are you excited to learn about in science next year? Do you want to pursue a
career in the sciences? Explain

During high school next year, I’m excited to more about our earth and more about the
way it works. But throughout all of high school, I’m excited to learn about chemistry
and reactions to chemicals. However, I’m not very interested in pursuing a career in
science as much as I am in the art world. Although, I’m not sure what I want to do yet
and what field I want to pursue in.