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Objectives

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• explain solar and lunar eclipse and their causes with diagram.

Mind Openers

• Do you know what universe means?
• What are various heavenly bodies of the universe?
• What are umbra and penumbra of shadows?
• What is an eclipse? What are the causes of eclipses? Discuss.

Universe
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397 Times' Crucial Science Book - 9

Solar system
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399 Times' Crucial Science Book - 9

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401 Times' Crucial Science Book - 9

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Times' Crucial Science Book - 9 402

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line when the earth and the moon move in their respective
orbits.

Times' Crucial Science Book - 9 404

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Times' Crucial Science Book - 9 406

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Main points to remember
1. The universe is a boundless space which consists of planets, stars

galaxies, constellations, satellites, asteroids, comets, meteors,
meteorites, etc
2. The family of the sun which consists of 8 planets, satellites, meteors,
meteorites, comets, asteroids, etc is called solar system.
3. The rotation of the earth around its axis is called diurnal motion of
the earth.
4. The diurnal motion of the earth causes day and night.

407 Times' Crucial Science Book - 9

5. The revolution of the earth around the sun is called annual motion of
the earth.

6. The annual motion of the earth causes the change in seasons.
7. The actual time taken by the moon to make one complete revolution

around the earth is called sidereal month.
8. The duration between two consecutive similar phases of the moon is

called synodic month.
9. When the moon moves around the earth, the shape of the moon

changes daily. Different shapes of the moon are called phases of
moon.
10. The duration in which bright part of the moon increases is called
bright half. The duration in which bright part of the moon decreases
is called dark half.
11. Shadow is a dark patch which is formed when light rays are obstructed
by an opaque object.
12. Umbra and penumbra are two parts of a shadow.
13. Darkening of a heavenly body when it passes through a shadow of
another heavenly body is called eclipse.
14. When shadow of the earth falls on the moon, the moon darkens totally
or partially. It is called lunar eclipse.
15. Lunar eclipse occurs in fullmoon and solar eclipse occurs in new
moon day.
16. Eclipses do not occur at every new moon and full moon. It is due to
inclination of orbital plane of the earth and the moon.
Exercise

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Times' Crucial Science Book - 9 408

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409 Times' Crucial Science Book - 9

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Areas S. Units Total number of questions
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Total marks 15 26 18 16 75

Note: K= Knowledege type questions U= Understanding type questions
HA= Higher ability type questions
A= Application type questions

Times' Crucial Science Book - 9 410

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Candidates are required to give answer in their own words as far as practicable.

Attempt all the questions. 15x1=15
Group : A

Write short answer the following questions.
D Define fundamental units and derived units.
E What is the velocity ratio of the third class lever?
F 60 W is written in the electric bulb. What does it mean?
G Write snell’s law.
H Write the electronic configuration of sodium on the basic of sub shell.
I Name the chemicals used to prepare hydrogen gas.
J Write down the function of HCl in the stomach.
K Write any two chemical properties of water.
L Define variation.
M Write any two effects of climate change.
N Define positive catalyst with examples.
O What is food chain?
P Which kind of animals are kept in monera?
Q Write the formula to calculate the acceleration.
R Define mutation and heredity.

Group “B” 13X2=26
Why input work always is greater then output work?

What is green manure? How is it made?

What is atomic energy? How is it produced?

Write down the function of vascular and glandular tissue in plants.

Write different between secondary and tertiory consumer.

Write two roles of metals in human body.

Write different between K.E and P.E.

Explain in short the relationship between plants and animals.

Write different between intensity of sound and pitch of sound.

Velocity of sound is more in solid then in gas. Why?

Write octet and duplet rule.

We should be careful while using chemical fertilizers. Write in two points.

What is struggle for existence?

411 Times' Crucial Science Book - 9

*5283 ´&µ > [ @

A car started to move from the rest and covers 5km distance producing an
acceleration of 1.5m/s2. Find the final velocity.

Observe the electronic configuration and answer the following question.

a. A= 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2

b. B= 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2

c. C= 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 2p5

i. Write the name of A,B and C.

ii. Which chemical compound is formed when A and C combine together.

iii. Which bond is formed between A and C?

Write down the formula to calculate the acceleration and prove :
1
S = ut+ 2 at2

Explain the three points of Lamarck’s theory of evolution.

Why are the chemical fertilizers considered less useful than organic fertilizer?
Explain.

Write the phylum and division of

a. Duck b. starfish c. fern

*5283 ´'µ > [ @

What is total internal reflection of light? Write down the condition required for
this process. Explain the events that happen due to total internal reflection?

What is eclipse? What are the causes of eclipse? Draw the labelled diagram of
solar eclipse.

What are the causes and consequences of greenhouse effect? Write four points for
each.

What is the theory of use and disuse organs according to Lamark? Explain the
theory of organic evolution in details.

***Best Of Luck***

Times' Crucial Science Book - 9 412