KEDCHelloKEDC's Grammar
3
Writer
Amar Bahadur Sherma
Kantipur Education Development Council
Maharajgunj, Chakrapath, Kathmandu, Nepal
Phone: 4202027/2151710
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.kedcnepal.com
KEDC
Kantipur Education Development Council
Maharajgunj, Chakrapath, Kathmandu, Nepal
Phone: 4720202/2151710
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.kedcnepal.com
Kantipur Education Development Council 2058 ALL
RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this book may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
recording, or by any information storage and retrieval
system, except as may be expressly permitted in writing
by the publisher.
Written by:
Amar Bahadur Sherma
M.A. English, Tribhuvan University
TEA Fellowship, California State University
Advisor:
Subadra Shresta
Editor:
Jerell Morales - Shrestha (M.Ed.)
Education Management
First edition, 2008
Revised edition, 2015
New edition, 2019
Layout/Design
Sarika Koirala
Preface
Hello Grammar series (new edition) is carefully designed to help school
level English language students learn grammar systematically and creatively.
This series has been developed as an additional course for the school students
of Nepal who learn core English in the communicative language teaching
setting. Based on the major grammar elements that are deemed inevitable
for the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners, this Hello Grammar
series presents grammatical rules in the concise form of notes.
We educators are well aware that grammar plays a significant role in
communication, both in the spoken and written form. Adequate knowledge
of grammar helps learners achieve accuracy in the use of language.
Understandably, most students fear or dislike a long list of grammatical rules.
So, this series calls a change in the approach to the teaching of grammar.
Although there are arguments that inductive approach to grammar teaching
is better than deductive approach, I strongly suggest following whatever
is useful depending upon the case in hand. Both approaches have been
integrated into the series.
A wide range of contextual exercises, useful notes or easy-to-understand
explanations, unit reviews to test learners’ understanding or help them
recall what is already learnt, the new attractive cover and layout with clipart
illustrations enhance the appeal of the book.
It is sincerely hoped that this new edition of the series will cater to the
needs of both teachers and students in the years to come. Many thanks to
Kantipur Education Development Council (KEDC) and those who have
assisted me in producing the book in this present shape. Any constructive
feedback and suggestions for the improvement of the book will be gratefully
acknowledged.
Amar Bahadur Sherma
Contents
Unit 1 16. Linking Verbs 83
1. Sentences
2. Statements and Questions 1 17. Main Verbs and Helping 87
3. Commands and 4 Verbs
10
Exclamations 15 Unit 5 94
4. Subjects and Predicates 21 18. Pronouns
5. Simple Sentences
28 19. Subject and Object 99
Unit 2 Pronouns
6. Common and Proper 33
38 20. Pronoun-Verb Agreement 105
Nouns 42
7. Countable and 46 21. Possessive Pronouns 109
Uncountable Nouns 54 Unit 6
8. Singular and Plural Nouns 60
9. Irregular Plural Nouns 65 22. Adjectives 116
10. Possessive Nouns 71
23. Adjectives of Comparison 120
Unit 3 79
11. Action Verbs 24. Articles 125
12. Past Tense Verbs
13. Present Tense Verbs 25. Adverbs and Its Types 131
14. Future Tense Verbs
26. Prepositions 138
Unit 4
15. The Verbs-Be, Do and 27. Conjunctions 145
Have 28. Interjections 149
29. Proverbs 152
30. Writing 158
UNIT - 1 SENTENCES
Lesson
1
Rita is a grade 3 student.
This is a mango tree.
The sun rises in the east.
Siva is a grade 3 student
Note:
A sentence is a group of words that is complete and meaningful.
¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱĴǯȱ
Rita is a grade 3 student.
In a sentence, words are arranged properly.
I girl am a. (This is not understandable.)
I am. (This is not complete.)
I am a girl. (This is complete and meaningful.)
Hello Grammar Book 3 1
Assignment
A. Read the following groups of words. Then write ‘S’ for
sentences and ‘NS’ for those which are not sentences on the
lines provided.
1. Cows are animals. _________
2. Where I live. _________
řǯȱȱ ȱ ȱȱĴǯȱȱ ȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏ
4. At the beginning. _________
5. This is a cat. _________
6. Is she. _________
7. Playing football. _________
B. Rewrite the following groups of words, arranging them so
ȱ¢ȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱęȱĴȱȱȱȱ
Ĵǯȱȱ
1. is he happy very.
_________________________________________
2. goes to he school.
_________________________________________
3. are we TV watching.
_________________________________________
4. Prem photos took yesterday.
_________________________________________
5. will play we volleyball.
_________________________________________
2 Hello Grammar Book 3
6. a day sunny it is.
_________________________________________
C. Add suitable words to complete the following sentences.
1. Rishi is ______________________
2. Harka _______________________
3. We are ______________________
4. Rajin ________________________
5. Mr. Brown is _________________
6. Play_________________________
7. Biru and I ____________________
D. Make sentences using the following words.
1. He …………………………………………………………….
2. We ………………………………………………………………
3. Ourschool......…………………………………………………..
4. My friend …………………………………………………….
5. I …………………………………………………………………
E. Look at the following picture and write FIVE sentences about
it.
SENTENCES
1. _________________________
2. _________________________
3. __________________________
4. __________________________
5. __________________________
6. _________________________
Hello Grammar Book 3 3
UNIT - 1 STATEMENTS AND
Lesson QUESTIONS
2
We took a photo of the sunset.
Mountains are very beautiful.
Who took a this photo?
Who drives this bus?
Note:
A statement is a sentence that tells something. It ends with a full
stop (.).
The bus moves very fast.
Ņ Ņ
(ȱĴǼȱ ȱ ǻȱǼ
4 Hello Grammar Book 3
Assignment
A. Circle the correct ending to complete each statement
(sentence).
1. The students ……………………………….
a. play basketball b. sad c. the closed door
2. The tiger is sleeping …………………………………….
a. jungle b. in the den c. sweet dream
3. The pigeon ………………………………………..
ȱ ǯȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱĚ¢ȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ
4. A painter was painting ……………………………
a. made of wood b. a mixture c. Rama’s face
5. Almira reads ……………………………
a. newspapers daily b. computers daily c. the Internet daily
B. Rearrange each group of words to make a
statement.
1. four dancing are girls and singing.
__________________________________
__________________________________
2. sisters are two something preparing.
__________________________________
__________________________________
3. are reading they book a.
__________________________________
__________________________________
Hello Grammar Book 3 5
Note:
A question is a sentence that asks something. It ends with a
question mark (?).
Are mountains very beautiful?
pp
ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǻȱĴǼȱ ȱ ȱ ǻȱǼ
A question may begin with words like is, am, are, was, were, should,
can, may, must, etc.
Should I speak?
May I go come in?
A question may begin with a Wh-word like where, how, which,
when, etc.
How old are you?
Questions can be formed this way.
I should be present. I should be present.
Should I be present? Who should be present?
C. Complete each question given below, looking at the pictures.
1. Do you know how to ______________
2. Are you a _______________?
6 Hello Grammar Book 3
3. Do you love ______________?
4. Are they _______________?
5. Where is your ____________ home?
ǯȱ ȱǻdžǼȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯ
1. (Where / why) is Islamabad?
2. (Who / what) is your aim?
3. (Are / Is) you a third grader?
4. (What / How) do you go to school?
5. (Which / Who) loves you the most?
E. Write a question for each answer using the question word
given in the parentheses.
1. I am wearing a suit. (what)
___________________________________________________
Řǯȱ ȱȱȱĞǯȱǻ Ǽ
___________________________________________________
3. Tomorrow is a holiday.
___________________________________________________
Hello Grammar Book 3 7
4. Our school starts at 9 am. (when)
____________________________________
śǯȱ ȱȱȱȱěǯȱǻ Ǽ
____________________________________
6. Anvi danced gracefully? (who)
____________________________________
F. Rearrange the following words to form a statement or a
ǯȱ ȱ ęȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ
sentence must end with the correct punctuation mark.
1. am in I hospital (statement)
__________________________________
2. you go to school do foot on
_________________________________
3. scored a goal Ronaldo (statement)
___________________________________________
4. is very Rejish tall (question)
_____________________________________
5. a bought book I yesterday (statement)
_____________________________________
ǯȱȱ ȱȱ ȱĴȱ Ĵȱ¢ȱ ǰȱȱȱ
ȱȱȱĴǯȱ
Dear Sophiya
i didn’t write to you for a long time because I was busy? i was
preparing for my mid term exams! the exams are over now, now we
are having our winter vacation? father has planned to take us to
ȱ ¡ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ
8 Hello Grammar Book 3
ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǵȱĞȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱwill
send you some photos by the way, what are you doing during your
winter vacation. do write to me about it. i am missing you a lot.
With best wishes
Anjali
H. Pair up with a classmate to play ‘What’s in the box?’ Place
ěȱȱȱȱ¡ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ
to guess what is inside. They can only ask questions with ‘is’
and ‘are’ to get clues. For example, ‘Are there marbles in the
box?’
I. Complete the following dialogue, using appropriate
punctuation marks.
Anu: Hello Shyam! ________ are you
Shyam:ȱ ȱȱęǯȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱȱ¢ǰȱ
Anu:ȱ ȱ ȱȱęȱ
Shyam: ________ does your school resume
Anu: well, my school resumes on April 8
Hello Grammar Book 3 9
Lesson COMMANDS AND
3 EXCLAMATIONS
Go out of the house.
Please open the door.
What a dress!
Wow! I got a beautiful car.
Note:
A command is a sentence that asks someone to do something. It
ends with a full stop (.).The subject ‘you’ is not mentioned.
(You) Go out of the house. (Begins with an action verb)
10 Hello Grammar Book 3
Assignment
ǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻdžǼȱ
next to the command.
1. Suman is running fast.
2. Shut the window.
3. Listen to the speech carefully.
4. She will be an accountant.
5. John has a cat.
Ŝǯȱ ȱěȱ¢ȱǯ
ŝǯȱ ȱ ȱȱĴǯ
Note:
An exclamation shows strong feeling. It ends with an exclamation
mark (!).
What a shot!
How friendly you are!
An interjection is a word that shows sudden feeling.
Alas! My friend’s dad is dead.
B. Add a word from the box to make each group of words an
exclamation. Some of the words (interjections) Hurrah
are followed by a comma (,) or an exclamation Wow
mark (!). Ouch
1. _________, that feels wonderful. Alas
2. ______________! You won the match. Hey
3. _____________! We won the game. Congrats
Oh
Hello Grammar Book 3 11
4. ___________! I failed the exam.
5. ____________! What news.
6. ___________! I forgot to bring my purse.
7. ___________ ! It hurts.
8. ___________! Stop messing with me.
C. Punctuate the following sentences and write whether they
are commands or exclamations in the right box.
1. Kindly check our reports
2. Don’t gossip about anyone
3. What a beauty
4. We have a problem
5. Do all of the tasks today
6. Ouch! You stepped on my feet.
7. Hey!
8. Please stop talking
D. Rearrange the following to make them exclamations and
commands.
1. you ouch have me hurt !
2. two sing songs today
3. news bad what !
4. very she helpful is.
5. are they friends best.
6. wants to Prabin a singer be.
E. Write statement, question, command or exclamation for each
group of words.
1. Does your pet eat food? _________________________
12 Hello Grammar Book 3
2. Ranjan is a poet. __________________________
3. His wallet is missing. ___________________________
4. What a lazy man he is! ___________________________
5. Hey, don’t go there! ___________________________
6. Please speak English here. __________________________
7. Who is your role model? ___________________________
8. Open the door now. ___________________________
F. Write each sentence with the correct punctuation in your note
book.
1. Alas My grandfather is no more
2. Wow, it is interesting
3. Wash your uniform yourself
4. How rude you are
śǯȱ ȱȱ¢ȱę
6. Paint your bedroom
7. When were you born
8. Don’t spit here
G. Change the following sentences according to the instructions
given in the parentheses.
1. Bina is 8 years old. (question)
___________________________________________________
2. Cook dinner. (statement)
___________________________________________________
3. It is good news. (exclamation)
___________________________________________________
Hello Grammar Book 3 13
4. Draw two pictures. (statement)
___________________________________________________
5. Bini is a student. (question)
___________________________________________________
6. Pramita’s grandmother is no more. (exclamation)
___________________________________________________
ǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ğǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ
follow.
(1) Wow, today was an exciting day. (2) What an interesting
ȱ ȱȱǻřǼȱ ȱęęȱȱȱǯȱǻŚǼȱ ȱȱ
how to prepare. (5) She told us to think of a question to ask the
ęęȱǻŜǼȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱǯȱ
1. Which sentence should end with an exclamation mark?
A. Sentence 1 B. Sentence 2
2. Which of these sentences should end with a question mark?
A. Sentence 1 B. Sentence 6
3. Which sentence is not complete?
A. Sentence 4 B. Sentence 5
ǯȱ ȱȱ¢ǰȱę¡ȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱęǯȱ
bina lived in a small village! The village had a small school.
bina had to walk for many hours to reach the school. None of
her friends liked to walk to school, did they. Bina loved walking
to school. she met a red hen daily on her way. she liked her
ĞȱȁȬȂȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ǵȱȱ ȱ
for her that she walked. She became a faster walker, Nobody
could beat him in the walk race?
14 Hello Grammar Book 3
Lesson SUBJECTS AND
PREDICATES
4
Ravi runs very fast.
Sabu sings very sweetly.
Mum is cooking a meal.
The red-coloured words are the subjects of the sentences.
The subject is what or whom the sentence is about. Subjects are
nouns or pronouns.
Mum is cooking a meal.
p
(It is a noun. The sentence is about ‘Mum’.)
The italicised words above are the predicates of the sentences.
The predicate tells us something about the subject.
Mum is cooking a meal.
p
(The predicate has a verb. It gives information about the subject.)
Hello Grammar Book 3 15
Subjects answer the question: who/what/which?
Tuleshwor phoned me. (Who)
Subjects and predicates can be one word or more than one word
respectively.
A big rat ate my favourite cheese.
Subject = A big rat (THREE words)
Predicate = ate my favourite cheese (FOUR words)
Assignment
A. Fill in the blank to complete the sentence. Then tick the
correct box to show whether your answer is the subject or
the predicate.
Subject Predicate
1. ___________ ran very slowly.
2. __________ saw me in the theatre.
3. Two best friends _____________.
4. This puppy _________________ .
śǯȱ ȏȏȏȏȏȏȱĞȱȱ ȱȱǯ
6. ______wandered through the jungle.
7. Pasang Lahamu Sherpa ___________.
B. Underline the predicate in each sentence. There is an example
done for you.
Two girls helped each other.
1. The city is my habitat.
2. The streets are busy nowadays.
16 Hello Grammar Book 3
3. The fast cars pass quickly.
4. The park has many trees and
grass.
5. Tired birds rest in the branches.
6. Squirrels hop through the park.
7. Summers get very hot.
8. Winters are cold and snowy.
9. People rush by quickly.
10. Large buses stop at the corner.
Note:
Every sentence has a subject and a predicate.
The subject can come in any part of a sentence.
Into the deep cave went the tiger.
Can the rabbit save its life?
The subject ‘you’ is not mentioned in commands.
(You) Go to bed.
C. Pick out the subject and the predicate from the following
sentences and write in the boxes.
Subjects Predicates
1. A strong man ran away.
2. Villagers are very simple.
3. They did plantation.
4. Will Suzan record the song?
5. Clean the toilet.
6. Can you sing a song?
Hello Grammar Book 3 17
7. Drink plenty of water.
D. Add the subject to each group of words.
1. _______________________ dived into the water.
2. _______________________ was bright and warm.
řǯȱ ȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱ££ȱȱȱĚ ǯ
4. _______________________ are playing games.
5. _______________________ perched on the branches.
Ŝǯȱ ȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱĚ ȱȱȱ ǯȱ
E. Write the predicate on the line.
1. Polar bears are found in Antarctica.
_______________________________________
2. The ice is millions of years
old.
__________________________
3. Temperatures stay below
freezing.
________________________________________
4. Cold wind blows across the land.
______________________________________
5. We want to play with snow.
______________________________________
6. Seals and penguins live in the cold.
______________________________________
7. Few plants grow in Antarctica.
______________________________________
18 Hello Grammar Book 3
8. Tourists like to see Antarctica.
______________________________________
F. Rearrange the words to form correct sentences.
1. are / a / hobbies / fun / lot / of
Hobbies are a lot of fun.
2. popular / collecting / is / a / very / stamp / hobby
3. Surendra / stickers / collects
4. postcards / collects / picture / Anita
5. stamps / got / a / lot / she / has / of
6. about / has / a / Anmol / hundred / postcards / picture
7. is / peaceful / Nepal / country / a
8. name / Aslesha / is / my
G. Match the subjects with the predicates.
Subjects Predicates
Trees should not be cleared.
One of my friends is a land of opportunities.
America is a famous sport in the world.
Forests is going to Australia.
Football cause rainfall.
H. Decide which part of the sentence is the predicate. Circle
your answer.
1. The penguin on the shore lost clumps of feathers.
A. lost clumps of feathers B. on the shore
C. The penguin
Řǯȱ ȱȱęȱȱȱǯ
Hello Grammar Book 3 19
ǯȱ ȱȱ ǯȱȱ ȱȱȱ ǯȱęȱȱȱ
3. The guide at the zoo showed us the penguins.
A. showed us the penguins B. at the zoo
C. The guide
4. The penguins in the pool slid down ice hills.
A. in the pool B. slid down ice hills C. The penguins
Note:
ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ where
and what to the subject. The answer is the predicate of the
sentence.
20 Hello Grammar Book 3
Lesson
5 SIMPLE SENTENCES
They cut grass.
The children are happy.
I ate an ice-cream.
I sat by the lake.
A simple sentence has a subject and a predicate.
I ate an ice-cream.
Ņ Ņ
Subject + Predicate
A simple sentenceȱȱȱȱĴȱȱ ȱ ǯȱ
She slept. (subject + predicate)
Some simple sentences can be very long too.
Last night, I slept in a guest house with my two friends.
Hello Grammar Book 3 21
Assignment
A. Write ‘S’ for simple sentences and ‘NS’ for not simple
sentences.
1. I love pineapples.
__________
2. I love grapes and you love
papayas. ___________
3. Mina has to sing a song.
____________
4. Ruby is a singer but her dad is a writer. ________
5. Mary served punch and cake. _______
6. Though she came, she did nothing. ___________
7. Joe went to the supermarket with friends. ______
B. Complete the following sentences on your own.
1. Harish ____________________________________________
2. Bindu _____________________________________________
3. He and I __________________________________________
4. Jamuna ___________________________________________
Note:
You can form simple sentences by using prepositions.
When it is summer, we feel very hot. (not simple sentence)
In summer, we feel very hot. (simple sentence)
If you don’t work hard, you won’t succeed. (NS)
Without working hard, you won’t succeed. (S)
22 Hello Grammar Book 3
You can form simple sentences by using ving.
The child who studies seriously can get good marks. (NS)
The child studying seriously can get good marks. (S)
You can form simple sentences by using ‘being’.
Since I was ill, I could not sing. (NS)
Being ill, I could not sing. (S)
C. Rewrite the following sentences as simple sentences.
1. If you do not practise, you can’t get good marks in the
Maths paper.
___________________________________________________
Řǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱěǰȱȱǯȱ
___________________________________________________
3. A cow that is very strong can plough this land.
___________________________________________________
4. When the criminal saw the police, he ran away.
___________________________________________________
5. When the show was over, we came back home.
___________________________________________________
6. When it was midnight, I woke up.
___________________________________________________
Note:
You can form simple sentences by using ‘too—to’.
He is so sick that he cannot come. (NS)
He is too sick to come. (S)
You can form simple sentences by using ‘despite / in spite of
Though she was old, she worked. (NS)
Despite being old, she worked. (S)
Hello Grammar Book 3 23
D. Rewrite the following as simple sentences.
1. He is so lazy that he does not do homework.
__________________________________________________
2. Although she has a lot of books, she wants to buy more.
___________________________________________________
3. When they were eating, the teacher came.
___________________________________________________
4. Since the weather was bad, we did not play outside.
___________________________________________________
śǯȱ ȱ ȱȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱęȱ£ǯȱ
___________________________________________________
E. Combine each the pair of clauses below into simple sentences.
ŗǯȱ ȱ¢ȱěȱǯȱ ȱ ȱȱĴȱǯȱ
___________________________________________________
Řǯȱ ȱȱȱĴǯȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱ
___________________________________________________
3. The sea was rough. We cancelled the voyage.
___________________________________________________
4. It was a small cot. I could not sleep on it.
___________________________________________________
5. He gave up smoking. He did so with reluctance.
___________________________________________________
6. The tea was so hot that I could not drink it.
___________________________________________________
24 Hello Grammar Book 3
7. He did not play with us as he was ill.
___________________________________________________
A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.
F. Put each group of words together in a simple sentence.
Example: park went to the Diya
Answer: Diya went to the park.
1. hit the baseball Suman
2. went to the movies we
řǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ħ
4. mowed the lawn my uncle
5. My friends video played games
6. chased a rat a cat
G. Read one part of a story. Then answer the
questions that follow.
(1) He brought Ram to hospital. (2) Ram was very ill and he was
afraid. (3) Being tired, he sat waiting for the doctor. (4)When he
came out, he called out his father’s name. (5) He told the doctor
that his father was not there. (6) The doctor asked him if he had
brought Ram to hospital.
1. Which is a simple sentence?
A. Sentence 1 B. Sentence 4
2. Which is not a simple sentence?
A. Sentence 3 B. Sentence 6
3. Sentence 2 can be changed into a simple sentence by using……..
A. Due o t B. Because
Hello Grammar Book 3 25
Verb + at UNIT REVIEW: SENTENCES 30
Name: _____________________ Date: ______________
A. Write ‘S’ for sentences and if they are not sentences write ‘NS’. (5
× 1 = 5)
1. India is a neighbouring country. __________
2. They have been ________________
3. A tall boy ________________
4. In the end ____________________
5. She has a pet. ___________________
B. Change the following statements into questions. (6 × 1 = 6)
1. Raja kicks the wall. ___________________________________
Řǯȱ ȱĚȱȱǯȱȱ ȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏ
3. Hari is a gentle boy. ___________________________________
4. Bisika eats pizza. ___________________________________
5. Hema has played badminton. _______________________
6. Shakti will go to Bhutan. _____________________________
C. Change the following as per the instruction in the parentheses.
(5 × 1 = 5)
1. Bindu is not running. (question)
2. Dinesh is an active man. (exclamation)
3. Bhakta is passive. (exclamation)
4. Are they policemen? (statement)
5. Is Biraj a doctor? (statement)
D. Circle the subject and underline the predicate in the following
sentences. (5 ×) 1 = 5
1. She is a Social Studies teacher.
2. I will play the piano.
26 Hello Grammar Book 3
3. Sit with Bikesh.
4. Here comes Mr. Gupta.
śǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱęǵȱ
E. Rewrite the following as a simple sentence. (5X1=5)
1. He was overweight, so he could not run.
2. I am a doctor and I treat patients.
3. Priya can’t buy this car as she is poor.
4. Rubina saw us and waved at us.
5. Rahan is disciplined and he is polite.
F. Read the following passage. Then look at the answer choices.
Circle the best option. (4 × 1 = 4)
(1) The Taj Mahal is the most famous monument of India.
(2) It is in Agra, a city in northern India. (3) The Taj Mahal is
situated along the River Yamuna and it was built more than
400 years ago by Shah Jahan. (4) built the Taj Mahal in memory
of his beloved wife. (5) Thousands of people worked together
to build the Taj Mahal. (6) Tourists from all
over the world.
1. Which is a simple sentence?
A. Sentence 1 B. Sentence 3
2. In which sentence is a subject missing?
A. Sentence 4 B. Sentence 5
3. In which sentence is a predicate missing?
A. Sentence 5 B. Sentence 6
4. Which one of the following is a possible question from Sentence
2?
A. Where is the Taj Mahal? B. What is the Taj Mahal?
GOOD LUCK!
Hello Grammar Book 3 27
UNIT - 2
Lesson COMMON NOUNS
6 AND PROPER NOUNS
I am a well-behaved boy.
I am Soniya from Damak.
I am Raunak. I am an engineer.
All of the red-coloured words are nouns.
$ QRXQ LV D QDPH RI SHRSOH SODFHV RU WKLQJV
Note:
Proper nounsȱ ȱ ęȱ ǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ people,
places, languages, books, movies, etc.
Arjun, Birgunj, Maithili, Hello Grammar, Titanic, etc.
Proper nouns are the names of
days o Sunday, Monday
months o January, February
festivals o Tihar, Holi
ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵ: Siru took my
photos.
28 Hello Grammar Book 3
Assignment
A. Underline the nouns that appear in each sentence. There is
an example done for you.
1. The student carried the bags to
the car.
Řǯȱ ȱ ȱĞȱȱ¡ȱȱ
the truck.
řǯȱ ȱěȱȱȱȱȱȱ
the room.
4. I have been to Tokyo two times.
5. Aparna likes watching TV.
6. The children had a contest to see who was the strongest.
ŝǯȱ ¢ȱȱȱĞȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ
8. Her classmate said she was the strongest in the class.
Note:
General or representative names for people, places or things are
called common nouns.
student(people), city (place), book (thing)
Compare proper nouns and common nouns:
Proper nouns Common nouns
Raju student
Anita girl
Butwal city
English
Christmas language
September festival
month
Hello Grammar Book 3 29
B. Write common or proper next to the boldfaced words to
identify the types of noun they are.
1. We have an ant farm in our classroom. _________________
2. Let’sgotomeetMr.Shreevastava._______________________
3. Robin Hood is my favourite book. ___________________
4. He is fast and could win an ant race. ___________________
5. Annual School Concert takes place in October. ________
6. Parents will visit our classroom on Thursday. ___________
7. Our teacher will tell them about our classes. ___________
8. I plan to show my parents the ant farm! _________________
9. My sister and I got some soil. _________________________
10. My grandparents visited us in September. ___________
11. I decided to meet my friends. __________________________
12. We did not have school on Monday. __________________
C. Underline the nouns in each sentence. Put a C over common
nouns. Put a P over proper nouns.
1. Dashain is my favourite holiday.
Řǯȱ ȱ ȱ ę ȱ ȱ ȱȱ
the night during New Year.
3. We have a small family picnic in
October.
4. Aunt Anupama screamed when
ants crawled on her chowmein.
5. There was no school on Democracy Day.
6. I like to go shopping with Mom on Mother’s Day.
7. Kripa has a dog named Blackie.
30 Hello Grammar Book 3
Şǯȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱĴǯ
9. Prabha visits the big zoo in Patan.
10. Sparkey is a white dog.
11. Mr. Binuraja feeds the pigeon in the park.
12. The children see a beautiful deer.
D. Rewrite each sentence correctly.
Friday NOTE
Names of rivers, oceans and
1. It was very hot on mountains are also proper
fridayȱĞǯ nouns.
___________________
___________________
2. How long did manju and pramita sit on the bank of the
bagmati river?
______________________________________
3. Rubina then put her chocolate, next to her.
________________________________________________
4. A group of Ants swarmed
around the Chocolate!
_________________________
5. bimal did not want to climb
up mt. everest.
_________________________
6. Dipesh and Suraj saw more Ants on saturday.
_________________________________________
7. A comedian came to class on thursday.
___________________________________________________
Hello Grammar Book 3 31
Şǯȱ ȂȱȱȱĚ¢ȱȱȱęȱǯȱ
___________________________________________________
ǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ Ğǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ
questions that follow.
ȱ ǻŗǼȱ ȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ
Ĵǯȱ
(2) Their family got a new puppy for dashain. (3) Kalo is a guide
dog, and he will help blind people when he grows up. (4) The
children and their parents raise the puppy. (5) Every day they
got a dog training class at Thamel.
1. Which word in Sentence 1 is a common noun?
A. Suman B. brothers C. live
2. Which word or words in Sentence 2 should be capitalised?
A. family B. new C. dashain
3. Which of these words in Sentence 3 is NOT a noun?
A. Kalo B. dog C. grows
4. How many nouns are in Sentence 4?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3
F. Colour the clouds with common nouns.
Arjun teacher book
girl Dave singer
32 Hello Grammar Book 3
Lesson COUNTABLE AND UN-
7 COUNTABLE NOUNS
I have two dining tables.
I have a lot of furniture at home.
a pic of water drops I felt a few drops of rain.
We are inside the room due to rain.
Note:
All of the red-coloured words above are QRXQV.
&RXQWDEOH QRXQV can be counted like one book, two books,
etc.
8QFRXQWDEOH QRXQV cannot be counted. Example, some water.
Hello Grammar Book 3 33
Assignment
A. Identify and circle countable noun(s) in each sentence.
1. There is a beautiful garden.
2. She uses a watering can.
3. The rain comes down.
4. The dog brings mud into the
house.
5. How much juice do you drink?
6. Ghee is good for health.
7. Who will dust a pile of old books?
8. I drank plenty of cold water.
B. Pick the nouns from the box below and write down in the
right column.
ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱ Ě
marbles plate oil pencil leaf
sand story
Countable nouns Uncountable nouns
34 Hello Grammar Book 3
Note:
Countable nouns have a singular and a plural form.
marble o marbles
(singular) o (plural)
You can use a, an or the with singular forms.
a cat an eraser the window
You can use words such as ǰȱ Ĵǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ , etc. with
uncountable nouns.
some sand a lot of oil
C. Find the FIVE countable nouns and FIVE uncountable nouns
in the following word-search grid. Colour the countable
nouns red and the uncountable nouns green.
AB C D GY B NE S
AO Q Z XN WS F W
DT F W SN O WT O
CT L D UQ CZS O
PL A Y GR OUND
BE G G AI N WA S
NL K M RC WP K X
MWR S QE WT E A
XS D E FT Y WE L
D. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the following words.
ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱĴ
two some many a lot of
ŗǯȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȱȱȱęȱǯȱ
2. I have bought a phone. ______ phone is very expensive.
3. ________ dog is barking outside our home.
Hello Grammar Book 3 35
4. My uncle has raised _______________ sheep.
5. Would you like to drink ______________ juice?
6. We used to have _____________ marbles in our childhood.
7. The police are looking for ________________ thieves.
Şǯȱ Ȃȱ ¢ȱȱȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱȱĞȱȱǯȱ
E. Identify and underline uncountable nouns(s) in each of the
following sentences.
ŗǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱĴȱǯȱ
2. Tame birds eat special food.
3. The minister gave us a lot of
information.
4. Cows are eating grass.
5. Wear glasses to protect your
eyes from dust.
Ŝǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ
air.
F. Read the story below and do the activities that follow.
(1) One day Ali went to a fair and bought nine donkeys. (2)
He rode on one of them and the rest of the donkeys followed
ǯȱ ǻřǼȱ Ğȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ
(4) ‘I must make sure they are all here.’ (5) He turned around
ȱȱǯȱǻŜǼȱȁ ǰȱ ǰȱǰȱǰȱęǰȱ¡ǰȱǰȱǯȱ
(7) Oh! Where is the ninth one?’ Ali cried out. (8) He jumped
down from his donkey. (9) He looked around, but there was no
donkey to be seen.
1. Which one of the following has four nouns?
A. Sentence 1 B. Sentence 2 C. Sentence 3
36 Hello Grammar Book 3
2. Which of the following has no nouns at all?
A. Sentence 4 B. Sentence 5 C. Both
3. Which of the following is a countable noun?
A. day B. Ali C. oth B
G. Activity
Pair up with a classmate and play a ‘Counting Nouns’ game.
Think of a countable noun and ask your bench partner to
suggest an uncountable noun that goes with it.
For example, ĴȱȮȱ
ȱ ȱ ȱȮȱ
Make a list of the countable and uncountable nouns you come up
with. Share your list with the class.
Hello Grammar Book 3 37
Lesson SINGULAR NOUNS
8 AND PLURAL NOUNS
Two friends are very helpful.
A cat is an animal.
We should not cut down trees.
On the basis of number, a noun is divided into two parts: singular
and plural.
Singular nouns suggest one thing. Example, A girl is walking.
Plural nouns suggest more than one thing. Example, Girls are
walking. p
(more than one)
38 Hello Grammar Book 3
Assignment
A. Decide whether each boldfaced word is a singular or plural
noun. Then write singular or plural on the line.
1. I have three footballs. _____________
2. Nepal is a landlocked country. _____________
3. The fallen leaves should be piled. _____________
4. Do you eat a carrot? _____________
5. Many soldiers are coming home. _____________
6. Few senior citizens were honoured. _____________
7. I need to borrow a ruler. _____________
8. Boys ȱęȱ ȱȱǯȱ ȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏ
9. Students are playing in the playground. _____________
10. WritersȱȱĴȱȱ hop. _____________
Singular nouns name one person, animal or thing. Example, a rat.
Plural nouns name more than one person, animal or thing. Example, two
rats.
Note:
Most plural nouns end in –s, --es, or –ves.
--s --es --ves
students heroes calves
teacher benches leaves
Add –es to the nouns ending in –o, --ch, --sh, --ss, or x to form
plural nouns.
Singular nouns Plural nouns
zero zeroes
pass passes
bus buses
But, photo o photos radio o radios
Hello Grammar Book 3 39
B. Write the plural form of each singular noun.
1. b ucket _________________ 2. fox __________________
3.h orse __________________ 4. bucket _______________
5. ar ch ___________________ 6. chicken ______________
7. barn __________________ 8. piece ________________
9. wish __________________ 10. picture _____________
C. Write the plural form of the noun in ( ) parentheses to
complete each sentence.
ŗǯȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱęȱ ȱǻǼȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏ
2. Angela walked through the (ground) ________________
3. She showed her sister the new (watch) __________________
4. The police pointed to the (box) ________________________
5. The teacher helped her sound out the (word) ____________
6. One of the books had missing (page) __________________
7. Some scenes have colour or black and white (drawing) ___
8. These pictures are done by her (boss) __________________
Note:
Add –s to the nouns ending in –y Ğȱ ȱĴȱǻa, e, i, o,
and u) to form plural nouns.
Singular Plural Singular Plural
boy boys play plays
day days guy guys
D. Change each word into a plural noun.
1. worry _________________ 2. wish ________________
3. bench _________________ 4. box _________________
40 Hello Grammar Book 3
5. bus ___________________ 6. path _________________
ŝǯȱĚȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱ Şǯȱȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏ
9. mix ___________________ 10. kiss ________________
E. Rewrite each sentence using the plural form of the underlined
noun. Use the word in parentheses ( ) before each plural
noun.
1. Anamika bakes a cake. (two)
____________________________________
2. He puts them in a box. (two)
______________________________
3. Please buy a banana. (some)
______________________________
4. We need a bunch. (three)
_____________________________________
5. Lilyana picks berry. (ten)
_____________________________________
6. Manish wants a biscuit. (four)
_____________________________________
F. Read the nouns. Find the noun that is singular. Circle your
answer.
1. A. wolf B. lines C. yards D. buildings
ȱ Řǯȱ ǯȱȱ ǯȱĚ ȱ ǯȱȱ ȱ ǯȱ
ȱ řǯȱ ǯȱȱ ǯȱȱ ǯȱĴȱ ȱ ǯȱ
4. A. girls B. boys C. students D. teacher
5. A. classes B. class C. glasses D. pupils
Hello Grammar Book 3 41
Lesson IRREGULAR PLURAL
9 NOUNS
How much did you pay for the shorts?
Some deer are grazing.
Children are enjoying themselves.
I have few oxen.
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱěȱȱȱȱ
form.
They have a child. (singular)
They have two children. (plural)
42 Hello Grammar Book 3
Note:
Some nouns do not follow any of the regular rules.
Singular Plural Singular Plural
tooth teeth foot feet
mouse mice child children
ox oxen businessmen businessmen
Some nouns remain unchanged in the plural.
Singular Plural Singular Plural
deer deer dozen dozen
sheep sheep hundred hundred
Some nouns are always plural.
Ĵȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ
Assignment
A. Draw a line from each noun to its plural form.
1. foot children
2. knife geese
3. mouse feet
4. goose mice
5. child knives
B. Rewrite each sentence using the plural form of the coloured
noun. Use a dictionary if you need to. Each new sentence is
started for you.
1. One ox was grazing in the jungle.
Three____________________________________
Hello Grammar Book 3 43
2. One woman baked a
Ĝǯ
Two__________________
3. One mouse ran to the
food bowl.
Three _________________
4. One deer pulled leaves from the tree.
Four__________________________________
5. One goose ate the bread.
___________________________________________________
C. Complete each sentence with the correct plural form of the
noun in parentheses.
1. In the fuǰȱ ȱǻěǼȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱȱȱ
in the Great Plains?
2. Will (deer) ____________________ still live in the forests or
only in zoos?
3. These wild (horse) ____________________ lived on their
own in the hills.
4. Maybe (fox) ___________________________ will survive in
the north.
śǯȱ ȱȱȱǻęǼȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱ ȱȱȱ
of people.
6. Dams must allow (salmon) ______________________ to
swim upstream.
ŝǯȱ ȱȱęȱȱǻǼȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱȱǯ
8. Many (dog)ȱȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȱȱȱȱęǯ
44 Hello Grammar Book 3
D. Proofread the paragraph for incorrect plural nouns. Circle
each incorrect plural noun and write its correct form on the
lines below.
What is in store for the future? I think our lifes will change.
Maybe human will have four foots. Then we will be able to run
faster. Maybe we will have super-sharp toothes. Then we will
use them instead of scissorses. Science will change the world
in many ways. Tomato might be bigger than gooses. Mouses
might be as strong as mooses. I think the world will be a very
strange place!
E. Is the boldfaced noun singular or plural? Write your answer
on the line.
1. There are many deer where we live. ____________
2. There used to be salmon in the river. ____________
3. I caught a trout last year. ____________
4. The mice were very quick. ____________
5. PhysicsȱȱȱĜȱǯȱ ȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏȏ
F. Divide the class into two groups. Group A lists all the things
that they can think of that have the same singular and plural
form. Group B lists all the things that are always plural. Share
your lists with the whole class.
Hello Grammar Book 3 45
Lesson
10 POSSESSIVE NOUNS
The sun’s rays are harmful.
The moon’s light was a great help.
The girl's hair is very silky.
The red-coloured words show what an animal, persons and thing
own or possess. So these nouns are called possessive nouns.
The cat’s eyes ooo eyes of the cat
The child’s bags ooo bags of the child
The dogs’ tails ooo tails of the dogs
46 Hello Grammar Book 3
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