M.Sc. Syllabus -2018-21 (All Semesters)

REFERENCES:
1. Principles of Biochemistry, A. L. Lehninger, CBS, New Delhi (1993).
2. Biochemistry, L. Stryer, 2nd edition, CBS, New Delhi (1986).
3. Biochemistry, G. Zubay 4th Edition, WCB, Mcgraw Hill (1998).
4. Biochemistry, Voet and Voet, 2nd edition, John Wiley (1995).
5. Organic Chemistry, Paula Bruice (Pearson)
6. Bioinorganic chemistry, Asim K. Das, Books and Allied publishers (P) Ltd.,

Kolkata (2015).
7. Bioinorganic Chemistry, Bertini, Gray, Lippard and Valentine, Viva Books Pvt.

Ltd., (1998).
8. Enzymes: Structure and Function, S Blackburn Marcel Dekker, (1976).
9. Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms, C. Walsh, W. H. Freeman (1979).
10. Physical Chemistry with Applications to Biological Systems, Raymond Chang,

McMillan (1977).

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Code number and Title of the paper : CH 9118; Biological chemistry

Chapter Title Number of Maximum marks for which
Number
teaching hours (As questions are to be framed
mentioned in the from this chapter (including

syllabus) bonus questions)

1. Essential and trace 3 6
elements in biological
systems

2. Metal ion storage and 6 10
transport

3. Transport of ions across 6 10
membranes

4. Electron transport proteins 6 10

5. Enzymes 7 12

6. Metalloenzymes 9 15

7. Coenzymes 7 12

8. Biosynthesis of 7 12
macromolecules

9. Bioenergetics 59

10. Biopolymer interactions 4 7

Total marks excluding bonus questions 70

Total marks including bonus questions 103

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Semester III
Paper code CH 9218
Paper title ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY
Number of teaching hrs per week
Total number of teaching hrs per 4
60
semester
Number of credits 4

1. ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS 7 hrs

Nomenclature of organometallic compounds; classification based on the hapticity of
ligands and the polarity of C-M bond; 18- electron rule, electron counting – covalent
and ionic models; thermal, thermodynamic and kinetic stability and decomposition
pathways; general methods of synthesis of organometallics of representative
elements.
2. ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS OF MAIN GROUP ELEMENTS 7 hrs
Group trends; structure and bonding in Li, Be, Mg and Al alkyls.

3. ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS OF TRANSITION METALS 14 hrs

Classification, structure, bonding, general methods of preparation and important
classes of reactions of transition metal alkyls, carbenes and carbynes; structure and
bonding in transition metal complexes with dihapto to octahapto -donor ligands -
alkene, allyl, 1,3-butadiene, cyclopentadienyl, arene, cycloheptatrienyl and
cyclooctatetraenyl complexes; metallocenes with special reference to ferrocene,
cyclometallation and ring slippage reactions; activation of small molecules (CO and
alkanes); isolobal analogy and its applications.

4. ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 16 hrs

Green’s rules; use of iron and chromium carbonyls in the synthesis of aromatic
compounds; rhodium complexes in hydrogenation, hydroformylation,
decarbonylation reactions; Monsanto acetic acid process; palladium complexes in the

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synthesis of carbonyl compounds; Heck reaction; Wacker process; applications of zinc
dialkyls, Grignard reagents, lithium alkyls, Gilman reagents (lithium dialkyl
cuprates); organocadmium, organoselenium, organoaluminium, organosilicon,
organotin and organomercurials in organic synthesis. Zeigler-Natta catalysts (growth
reaction, polymerization of olefins).

5. INORGANIC REACTION MECHANISMS 16 hrs

Kinetic lability and inertness, classification of metal ions based on lability; types of

nucleophilic substitution reactions; kinetics and mechanism of nucleophilic

substitution in square planar and octahedral complexes - trans effect; ligand field

effects and reaction rates; reaction rates influenced by acids and bases, SN1CB

mechanism; racemization and isomerization; mechanisms of redox reactions - outer

sphere mechanism, Marcus equation for outer sphere cross reactions, excited state

outer sphere electron transfer reactions, photochemical reactions of ruthenium

complexes, inner sphere mechanism; oxidative addition and reductive elimination;

migratory insertion; nucleophilic and electrophilic attack on coordinated ligands;

template reactions.

REFERENCES
1. Organometallic Chemistry, R.C. Mehrotra and A. Singh, Wiley Eastern, (1991).
2. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals, R.H. Crabtree, John
Wiley & sons (1988).
3. Organometallics, Vol 1 & 2, M. Bochmann, Oxford Chemistry Primers, Oxford
University Press, (1994).
4. Organometallic Reagents in Synthesis, Paul R Jerkins, Oxford Chemistry
Primers, Oxford University Press, (1992).
5. Advanced Organic Chemistry, J. March, 4th Edition. John Wiley, (1999).
6. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part A, F. A. Carey and J. Sundberg, 2nd
Edition., Plenum press (1999).
7. Principles of Organic Synthesis, Sir Richard Norman and James M Coxon,
Third Edition., Chapman & Hall (1993).
8. Modern Synthetic Reactions, H.O. House, Benjamin, (1972).

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9. Reaction Mechanisms of Inorganic and Organometallic Systems, J.B. Jordan,
Oxford University Press, 2nd edition (1998).

10. Inorganic Chemistry, G.L. Miessler and Tarr, 3rd edition, Pearson Education
(2004).

11. Inorganic Chemistry, 4th edition, J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter and R.L. Keiter,
Addison-Wesley (1993).

12. Coordination chemistry, 2nd edition, D Banerjea, Asian Books pvt. Ltd.(2007

Code number and Title of the paper : CH 9218; Organometallic Chemistry

Chapter Title Number of Maximum marks for which
Number
teaching hours (As questions are to be framed
mentioned in the from this chapter (including

syllabus) bonus questions)

1. Organometallic compounds 7 12

2. Organometallic compounds 7 12
of main group elements

3. Organometallic compounds 14 25
of transition metals

4. Organometallic compounds 16 27
in organic synthesis

5. Inorganic reaction 16 27
mechanisms

Total marks excluding bonus questions 70

Total marks including bonus questions 103

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Semester III
Paper code CH 9318
Paper title ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND
ELECTROANLYTICAL TECHNIQUES
Number of teaching hrs per week
Total number of teaching hrs per 3
45
semester
Number of credits 3

1. THEORY OF STRONG ELECTROLYTES 8 hrs

Debye-Huckel theory of ion-ion interaction, Debye-Huckel limiting law Debye-

Huckel equation for appreciable concentration, Huckel and Bronsted equations.

Qualitative verification of the Debye-Huckel equation, ion association - ion pairs and

triple ions and conductance minima.

2. ELECTRIFIED INTERFACE AND ELECTRODICS 10+2 hrs

The electrified interface: surface excess, interfacial tension and its determination,

electrocapillary curves, thermodynamics of electrified interface — Lippmann

equation, determination of the electrical capacitance of the interface, determination of

surface excess. Structure of electrical double layer — Helmholtz-Pern model, Gouy-

Chapmann diffuse charge model and Stern model.

Electrodics: electron transfer under an interfacial electric field, equilibrium and

exchange current density, overpotential — dependence of current density on

overpotential. Butler-Volmer equation and its special cases, the symmetry factor,

influence of current density, pH and temperature on overvoltage. Theories of

overvoltage.

Self- study: bubble formation as the slow process, combination of atoms as the slow

process, ion discharge as the slow process and proton transfer as the slow process.

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3. ELECTROANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES 25 hrs

3.1. ELECTROPHORESIS AND ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY 3+1 hrs

Important terms in electrophoresis, basis of electrophoretic separation. Expression for

distance traveled on application of electrode potential. Role of buffer in

electrophoresis.

Classical gel electrophoresis, high performance capillary electrophoresis –

advantages. Instrumentation, sample injection. Comparison of classical and capillary

electrophoresis. Electroosmotic flow. Modes of electrophoresis.

Capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis.

Self-study: Capillary electrochromatography (basic principle). Micellar electrokinetic
capillary electophoresis.

3.2. ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODES 4+ 1 hrs

Potentiometry: electrodes used - metallic indicator electrodes (types with one

example for each), metallic redox indicator electrodes, ion selective electrodes (ISE) -

classification of membranes. Properties of ISE.

Glass membrane electrodes. Composition and structure of glass membrane.

Hygroscopicity of glass membrane. Electrical conductance across the glass

membrane. Membrane and boundary potential. Expression for Eb. Alkaline error.

Crystalline membrane electrodes. Conductivity of a crystalline membrane.

Fluoride electrode. Electrodes based on silver salts. Liquid membrane electrode for

Ca2+. Molecular selective electrode systems. Gas sensing probe for CO2.

Self-study: Two types of gas sensing membrane materials.

3.3. VOLTAMMETRIC TECHNIQUES 14+2 hrs

Polarization: ideal polarized and ideal non-polarized electrodes - sources of

polarization. Reaction and concentration polarization. Mechanism of mass transport.

The current response to applied potential (in terms of Fermi level and molecular

orbitals) Faradaic and non-Faradaic currents. Charging and residual currents.

Polarography: Advantages of Hg over other solid electrodes. Types of mercury

electrodes: DME, SMDE, HMDE and MFE. Instrumentation - polarographic

convention. Polarographic experiment. Polarographic parameters (diffusion current,

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half wave potential). Analysis of a polarogram. Effect of dissolved oxygen on
electrochemical reduction process. Ilkovic equation (derivation). Quantitative and
qualitative aspects of voltammetry: determination of concentration and standard state
potentials. Determination of electrochemical reversibility and number of electrons.
Effect of complex formation on polarographic waves. Potential excitation signal and
response, and different voltammetric techniques. Normal pulse (NPP/V) and
differential pulse polarography (DPP/V). Applications of polarography.
Amperometric titrations at DME (four types).
Cyclic voltammetry: excitation signal and current response in CV. Important
parameters of CV. Instrumentation. Reversible, irreversible and quasireversible
charge transfer. A cyclic voltammetric experiment - analysis of a cyclic
voltammogram. Cathodic and anodic processes. Electrode materials in voltammetry
(glassy carbon, carbon paste, gold, platinum and modified electrodes). Coupled
chemical reactions.
Self study: Coulometric methods of analysis: controlled-potential and controlled-
current coulometry. Coulometric titrations, quantitative applications.
Chronoamperometry and chronopotentiometry.

REFERENCES:
1. Modern Electrochemistry 2B: Electrodics in Chemistry, Engineering, Biology
and Environmental Science; Amulya K.N. Reddy O'M. Bockris; Edition-, Kluwer
Academic, New York (2010).
2. An introduction to Electrochemistry by Samuel Glasstone, Read Books Ltd, 16-Apr-
2013, (e-book).
3. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Skoog, Holler and Nieman, 7th edition,
CENGAGE learning, Boston, USA (2016).
4. Analytical Chemistry Principles – John H Kennnedy, 2nd edition, Cengage India
(2011).
5. Modern Analytical Chemistry David Harvey; First Edition, McGraw-Hill Higher
Education, USA (2000).

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6. Vogel’s Text book of quantitative chemical analysis, 6th edition, Pearson Education
Limited (2007).
7. Electrochemical Methods Fundamentals and Applications, Allen J Bard and Larry R
Faulkner, 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, USA (2001).

Code number and title of the paper: CH 9318; Electrochemistry and
Electroanalytical Techniques

Number of Maximum marks for

Chapter teaching hours which questions are to be
Number
Title (As mentioned framed from this chapter

in the syllabus) (including bonus

questions)

1. Theory of strong 8 18
electrolytes

2. Electrified interface and 12 27
electrodics

3. Electroanalytical 25 58
techniques

Total marks excluding bonus questions 70

Total marks including bonus questions 103

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Semester III
Paper Code CH 9418
Paper Title Solid State Chemistry
Number of teaching hrs per week 4
Total number of teaching hrs per 60
semester
Number of credits 4

1. GENERAL METHODS OF SYNTHESIS OF SOLIDS 5 + 1 hrs

High temperature solid state synthesis; precursor methods; flux synthesis; combustion

synthesis; chemiedouce (soft chemistry) methods; topotactic reactions; precipitation

(including co-precipitation, and homogeneous precipitation);hydrothermal synthesis; sol-gel

synthesis.

2. GEOMETRIC CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 12 + 2 hrs

Crystalline and amorphous states of matter. Periodicity in crystals. Symmetry elements
and symmetry operations. Axis of symmetry, plane of symmetry, centre of symmetry;
derivation of non-occurrence of five-fold rotation axis. Pure rotation axis, roto-
inversion, roto-reflection axes, screw axes, glide planes; combination of symmetry
operations – Euler’s construction (inter-axial angles) and its application to the general
formula of the type A.B = C. Plane lattices, space lattices, point groups and space
groups. Seven crystal systems with unit cell parameters and essential symmetry elements.
Number of point groups in each crystal system, crystal classes. Stereographic
projections of the following point groups: 222, 32, 422, 622, 23, 432 (Supporting the
interfacial angles Euler’s Construction); space group representation – Hermann-
Maugin symbols of some selected space groups.

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3. CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF SOME REPRESENTATIVE SYSTEMS: 3 hrs
Olivines; corundum, ilmenite and LiNbO3; garnets; K2NiF4 and Ruddlesden-Popper
phases.

4. X-RAY DIFFRACTION 11 + 2 hrs

X-rays, Bragg’s equation and Bragg’s method, Miller indices, unit cell parameters. X-ray

structural analysis of solid substances: powder diffraction pattern of primitive, face-

centered and body centered cubic lattices, indexing of reflections, identification of

space groups from systematic absences (space group extinctions). The concept of

reciprocal lattice and construction of Ewald’s sphere, derivation of Bragg’s law from

reciprocal lattice, structure factor and its relation to intensity, intensities from atomic

positions for BCC and FCC lattices. Phase problem - heavy atom (Patterson’s)

method, introduction to the principles of direct methods of phase determination.

Electron density function and Fourier synthesis, electron density maps.

5. ELECTRON AND NEUTRON DIFFRACTION 2 hrs

Principles of electron and neutron diffraction; comparison with X-ray diffraction and

applications.

6. DEFECTS IN SOLIDS 3 + 1 hrs

Point defects – Schotky and Frenkel defects, colour centers and non-stoichiometric defects.

Line defects – edge dislocation and screw dislocation. Plane defects – grain boundary

and stacking faults. Diffusion in solids, Fick’s law.

7. PHASE TRANSITIONS IN SOLID 2 hrs

Definition and classification; first and second order phase transitions with examples.

8. ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 14 + 2 hrs

Band theory: electron in periodic potential; Bloch theorem; Kronig–Penny model

(derivation excluded); band structure – extended, reduced and repeat zone

representation; Brillouin zones; DOS plots; metals, semiconductors and insulators.

Properties of metals – metal-metal junction, thermoelectricity. Semiconductors – intrinsic

and extrinsic semiconductors, Fermi levels of intrinsic, n-type and p-type

semiconductors, electrons and holes, metal-semiconductor junction, p-n junction.

Insulators – dielectric properties, piezoelectric effect, ferroelectricity, ferroelectric

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transitions in BaTiO3, ionic conduction, electric breakdown. Magnetic properties of
solids – paramagnetism, diamagnetism, ferromagnetism and anti-ferro magnetism –
M vs H and  vs T curves.

REFERENCES :
1. Introduction to solids - L.V. Azaroff, Tata-McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New
Delhi ( 1977).
2. Fundamentals of Crystallography - edited by C. Giacovazzo, International Union
of Crystallography, Oxford University Press (2002).
3. The basics of crystallography and diffraction - C. Hammond, International Union
of Crystallography, Oxford University press (2001).
4. Solid state Chemistry and its applications - A.R. West, John Wiley and Sons (1984).
5.A basic Course in Crystallography - J. Tareen and TRN Kutty, Universities Press
(2001).
6. Principles of Solid State - H.V. Keer, Wiley Eastern Ltd. (1993).
7. Solid State Chemistry - D.K. Chakraborty, New Age International Publishers
(2000).
8. An introduction to X-ray crystallography - M.M. Wolfson, Cambridge University
Press (1997).
9. Crystal Structure Analysis for Chemists and Biologists, J.P. Glusker, M. Levis and
M. Ross, Wiley-VCH (1994).
10. X-ray Structure determination – G.H. Stout and L.H. Jensen, McMillan Publishing
Co, (1968).
11. Solid State Physics- S. L. Gupta and V. Kumar, K. Nath and Co, Meerut, (2003).

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Code number and Title of the paper: CH 9418; Solid State Chemistry

Chapter Title Number of Maximum marks for
Number teaching hours which questions are to be
(As mentioned framed from this chapter
1. Electrical and magnetic in the syllabus)
properties of solids (including bonus
16 questions)
2. Defects in solids
3. Phase transitions in solid 27

47
24

4. Superconductivity 6 10
24
5. Geometric crystallography 14 5

6. Crystal structures of some 3 22
representative systems 4

7. X-ray diffraction 13 70
103
8. Electron and neutron 2
diffraction

Total marks excluding bonus questions

Total marks including bonus questions

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Semester III
Paper code CH OE 9518
Paper title Open Elective: Life's laboratories
Number of teaching hrs per week
Total number of teaching hrs per 2
30
semester
Number of credits 2

1. CHEMISTRY AND SOCIETY 2 hrs

An introduction of the impact of chemistry on society.

2. MOLECULAR GASTRONOMY 5 hrs

Introduction to molecular gastronomy: history & development. Chemical structures

and properties of food; colloid chemistry; emulsions culinary/cooking processes:

freezing, heating (conduction, convection, radiation); applications. A preliminary

knowledge of flavors, colors, emulsifiers stabilizers, additives. Novel ingredients and

delivery mechanisms. Laboratory based technologies (including water baths, freeze

drying).

3. FORENSIC CHEMISTRY 5 hrs

What is forensic science? An idea of the analytical techniques used: a. Atomic

Spectroscopy b. Microspectrophotometry c. Electrophoresis d. Microscopy e.

Chromatography f. Immunoassays. Analysis of Forensic Samples - a. Drug Analysis

b. Combustion & Arson c. Inks, Paints, & Pigments d. Polymers & Fibers

4. MOLECULAR PROCESSES 3 hrs

Biological clock, circadian clock; Molecules involved and their interactions.
Consequences of sleep deprivation – physiological and neurological – molecules and
their interplay.

5. GREEN CHEMISTRY AND THE INDUSTRY 5 hrs

What is green chemistry? What are the current chemical industries? What are green
processes?

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6. RESEARCH BASED PEDAGOGY TOOLS 10 hrs

Relate your master’s subject with chemistry – this involves reading, presentation and

design of an experiment (wet or dry lab) that can be demonstrated.

REFERENCES:
1. Chemistry: Impact On Society:- Melwin D. Joesten; David O Johnston; John T.
Netterville and James L. Wood. Saunders Golden Sunburst Series; Saunders College
Publishing.
2. The Essence Of Gastronomy Understanding the Flavor of Foods and Beverages -
Peter Klosse CRC PressTaylor & Francis Group International Standard Book
Number-13: 978-1-4822-1677-6 (eBook - PDF).
3. Biochemistry - Gareth and Grisham, Saunders College Publishing.
4. New trends in green chemistry - Ahluwalia and Kidwai, Anamaya Publishers,
New Delhi.
5. Forensic Chemistry - Suzanne Bell - Pearson Publishers.

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PRACTICAL PAPERS

Semester III
Paper Code CH 9P1
Paper Title
Practical : Inorganic and Biochemical
Analysis I

Number of teaching hrs per week 9
Total number of teaching hrs per semester 99
Number of credits 1.5

Inorganic Chemistry 11 sessions

1. Non-aqueous titration (1 session)
2. Analysis of alloy (Steel - Cr, Fe or other alloys) (2 sessions)
3. Analysis of soil (Cation exchange capacity and organic matter) (2 sessions)
4. Ion exchange Chromatography (Zn & Cd) (2 sessions)
5. Solvent extraction (Estimation of Fe III) (1 session)
6. Determination of metal to ligand ratio by Job’s method (1 session)
7. Preparation of Ionic liquids (1 session)
8. Preparation of graphite- intercalated compounds (RBPT) (1 session)

Semester III
Paper Code CH 9P2
Paper Title Practical : Inorganic and Biochemical
Analysis II

Number of teaching hrs per week 9
Total number of teaching hrs per semester 99
Number of credits 1.5

Experiments in Biochemistry 14 sessions
1. Estimation of rancidity in a sample of butter.

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2. Estimation of BOD and COD of a sample.
3. Extraction of caffeine from tea leaves and characterization using IR, NMR and
Mass spectrometer.
4. Estimation of glucose in serum.
5. Estimation of sulpha drug using spectrophotometer.
6. Estimation of RNA using spectrophotometer.
7. Estimation of cholesterol in serum.
8. Gel electrophoresis- separation of proteins. (2 sessions)
9. Agarose gel electrophoresis-separation of RNA/DNA
10. Separation, purification and characterization of protein from plant sample
(3 sessions)
11. Any other suitable experiments.

REFERENCES:
1. Text book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis by A.I. Vogel, ELBS (1978).
2. Advanced Physicochemical Experiments by Rose, Isaac Pitman (1964).
3. Methods of Soil Analysis Part I & II, C.A. Black et al (Edition) American Society of

Agronomy, Inc. (1965).
4. Analytical Chemistry-An introduction; Skoog, West, Holler and Crouch; seventh

edition Saunders College Publishing, (1999).
5. Experiments in Environmental chemistry, P.D. Vowels and D.W. Connel,

Pergamon (1980).
6. Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, A I Vogel, ELBS (1973).
7. Practical Clinical Biochemistry, H. Varley, 4th edition, CBS Indian edition (1988).
8. An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, David Plummer, Tata McGraw Hill

(1979).
9. Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry, J. Jayaraman, Wiley Eastern (1981).
10. Chromatography, C.G. Sharma Krishna Prakashana Media (1997).

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Semester III
Paper Code CH 9P3
Paper Title
Practical: Advanced Chemical Methods of
Number of teaching hrs per week Analysis I
Total number of teaching hrs per semester
Number of credits 9
99
1.5

Gas Chromatography
1. Qualitative identification of organic compounds in a given mixture using gas
chromatography.

2. Estimation of organic compounds in a given mixture using gas chromatography.

3. Estimation of percentage esterification in esterification reaction using gas
chromatography.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
4. Estimation of iron in a given sample using atomic absorption spectroscopy.

5. Estimation of an alloy (Cu, Zn and lead) using atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Liquid Chromatography

6. Estimation of halide ions in a mixture using ion chromatography.
7. Estimation of alkali metalions in a mixture using ion chromatography.
8. Separation and identification of organic compounds using HPLC.
Powder X-ray Diffraction
9. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis of a mixture of two cubic solids.
Atomic Force Microscopy
10. AFM imaging of a polymer film.
Fluorescence Spectroscopy
11. Estimation of a dye by fluorescence spectroscopy.

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Semester III
Paper Code CH 9P4
Paper Title Practical: Advanced Chemical Methods of
Analysis II

Number of teaching hrs per week 9
Total number of teaching hrs per semester 99
Number of credits 1.5

Flame Photometry
1. Estimation of sodium by flame photometer.

Spectrophotometry
2. Estimation of caffeine in a given sample using UV spectrophotometer.
3. Estimation of Ni in tea powder.
4. Estimation of chloride in pharmaceutical products.

Electroanalytical Methods
5. Estimation of copper by potentiometry.
6. Estimation of a mixture of chloride and iodide by potentiometry.

7. Standardizing cyclic voltammetry using ferrocyanide-ferricyanide system.

8. Estimation of ascorbic acid by voltammetry.
9. Estimation of organic compounds by differential pulse polarography.

10. Any other experiments involving one or more of the techniques mentioned
above.

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FORTH SEMESTER

THEORY PAPERS

Semester IV
Paper Code CH 0118
Paper Title Applied Analysis
4
Number of teaching hrs per week 60
Total number of teaching hrs per
semester 4
Number of credits

1. BIOPOLYMERS 3 hrs

Determination of size, shape and molecular weight by sedimentation, diffusion
and viscosity methods.

2. PROTEIN ANALYSIS 15 hrs

Protein purification: protein isolation, solubility of proteins, chromatographic

separations, electrophoresis and centrifugation. Analysis and determination of

protein structure: primary structure, protein modification, secondary structure,

globular and fibrous proteins, tertiary structure, quaternary structure. Techniques

for study of biomolecules (principle and interpretation of data to characterize the

biomolecule) – mass spectrometry (MALDI/ SELDI), confocal microscopy,

microarrays, flow cytometry, microcalorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry,

ELISA, RIA, FACS, Northern, Southern, Western blots, NMR, electrophoresis, CD,

ORD, X-Ray crystallography.

3. NUCLEIC ACID ANALYSIS 5 hrs

Analysis and determination of structure of nucleic acids: primary structure,

secondary structures, denaturation, renaturation, tertiary structure. Chemical

synthesis of polynucleotides. Recombinant DNA: cloning, DNA libraries, PCR and

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recombinant DNA technology. A brief account of the application of recombinant
technology in different disciplines - industry, medicine and forensics.

4. FOOD ANALYSIS 7 hrs

Analysis of common adulterants in foods. Food additives: monosodium

glutamate. Food preservatives: sodium benzoate, sodium sulphite. Edible oils -

qualitative tests for purity, estimation of rancidity, tests for common adulterants in

lipids. Milk and milk products-alcohol test, fermentation test, dye reduction tests

(methylene blue and resazurin), phosphatase test for pasteurisation, estimation of

added water in milk. Beverages- caffeine and chicory in coffee, methanol in

alcoholic drinks. Estimation of saccharin, coal tar dyes and aflatoxins in foods.

Pesticide analysis in food products: phospho- and chloro- pesticides.

5. ANALYSIS OF DRUGS 3 hrs

Classification of drugs, characterisation of common drugs: analgesics - aspirin;
expectorants – benadryl; vitamins - vitamin C; sedatives - diazepam; antibiotics -
penicillin, chloramphenicol; cardiovascular – sorbitrate.

6. CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 3 hrs

Blood analysis: serum electrolytes, serum proteins, blood glucose, blood urea
nitrogen, uric acid, and blood gas analysis. Enzyme analysis: assay of alkaline
phosphatase, isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase, aldolase. Metal deficiency and
disease: estimation of calcium, iron, and copper.

7. FORENSIC CHEMISTRY 6 hrs

Introduction to forensic science. Forensic chemistry – physical and chemical
properties, scientific methodology, identification of sample, presumptive and
confirmatory analysis. Theory of forensic analysis. Fingerprint development: ink
print and latent print, use of developers – ninhydrin, iodine vapour, silver nitrate
reaction. Objectives of testing, testing for evidence – presence of paints, soil
samples, tyres, shoes, heavy metals. Presumptive drug analysis: colour (spot) test
for common drugs of abuse - cocaine, marijuana, amphetamines, LSD,
barbiturates, opium, methamphetamines. Secondary fluid analysis for toxins and

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drugs. Analysis of metabolites of toxins and drugs – pharmacokinetic
intermediates, pharmacodynamic interactions (eg: DDT, paracetamol, arsenic, CO,
cyanide, snake venom). Estimation of drug residues in bioloigical samples. Soil
analysis – size, density, pH, quality of soil. Thin layer chromatography and ink
analysis.

8. POLLUTION ANALYSIS 10 hrs

Air pollution: principles and methods of sampling; a survey of reactions and

methods involved in the determination of carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides,

nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and particulates. Tolerance limits. Fuel Analysis

and emissions: ultimate and proximate analysis of coal, quality of liquid fuels -

octane number, cetane number and carbon residue.

Water pollution: objectives of analysis; parameters of analysis: colour, turbidity,

total solids, conductivity, acidity, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, sulphate, fluoride,

silica, phosphates and different forms of nitrogen; heavy metal pollution: public

health significance of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, zinc, manganese,

mercury and arsenic. General survey of instrumental techniques for the analysis of

heavy metals in aqueous systems.

9. SOIL ANALYSIS 4 hrs

Chemical properties of soil - types of soil colloids, types of clays and their swelling
and adsorption properties, cation exchange capacity and its determination. Acid
soils - types of soil acidity, liming, measurement of pH and conductivity of soil.
Saline and alkaline soils. Analysis of major constituents of soil - organic matter,
nitrogen, sulphur, sodium, potassium and calcium.

10. RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION 4 hrs

Detection and monitoring of radioactive pollutants; methods for the safe disposal

of radioactive waste. Dosimetry. Advantages and restrictions of radiotracer

experiments, safety aspects.

REFERENCES:
1. Environmental Pollution Analysis, S.M. Khopkar, Wiley Eastern (1993).

72 | P G C h e m i s t r y S y l l a b u s 2 0 1 8

2. Biochemistry, Voet and Voet, 2nd edition, John Wiley (1995).
3. Experiments in Environmental Chemistry, P.D. Vowels and D.W. Connel,

Pergamon (1980).
4. Handbook on Air Pollution, Stern, APHA (1980)
5. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, D.A . Skoog and West. Saunders

College (1980).
6. Food Analysis, A. G. Woodman, McGraw Hill (1971).
7. Milk and Milk Products, C.H. Eckles, W.B. Combs and H.Macy, Tata

McGraw Hill (1976).
8. The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, K.S. Narayan Reddy,

Suguna Devi, Hyderabad (2002).
9. Practical Clinical Biochemistry, H. Varley, 4th edition [CBS] Indian edition

(1988).
10. Separation Techniques in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Roy Keller, Marcel.

Dekker (1967).
11. Methods of Soil Analysis Part I & II, C.A. Black et al (Edition), American

Society of Agronomy (1965).

73 | P G C h e m i s t r y S y l l a b u s 2 0 1 8

Code number and Title of the paper: CH 0118; Applied Analysis

Chapter Title Number of Maximum marks for
Number teaching hours which questions are to be
(As mentioned
in the syllabus) framed from this chapter

(including bonus
questions)

1. Biopolymers 35
2. Protein analysis
3. Nucleic acid analysis 15 26

59

4. Food analysis 7 12
5. Analysis of drugs 3 5
6. Clinical chemistry 3 5
7. Forensic chemistry 6 10
8. Pollution analysis 10 17
9. Soil analysis 4 7
10. Radioactive pollution 4 7
Total marks excluding bonus questions 70
Total marks including bonus questions 103

74 | P G C h e m i s t r y S y l l a b u s 2 0 1 8

Semester IV
Paper code CH DE 0218
Paper title Dept. Elective : Chemistry of Materials
Number of teaching hrs per week
Total number of teaching hrs per 4
60
semester
Number of credits 4

11. INTRODUCTION 1 hr
Importance of solids in technological applications, solids as materials. 12 + 3 hrs

12. MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION TECHNIQUES

Powder X-ray diffraction – indexing powder patterns and arriving at cell parameters.
Electron microscopy and related techniques: transmission electron microscopy,
scanning electron microscopy, electron diffraction, electron energy loss spectroscopy,
energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy. Photoelectron
spectroscopy andauger spectroscopy. Particle induced X-ray emission.Extended X-ray
absorption fine structure. Porosity andsurface area measurements by sorption-
desorption – BET and BJH methods.Applications ofThermal analysis in the study of solids:
thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry.

13. LAYERED SOLIDS AND POROUS MATERIALS 9 + 1 hrs

Layered solids: general structural features, classification, intercalation and
deintercalation;structure, composition, properties and applications of cationic clays,
layered double hydroxides, layered chalcogenides, layered oxides;polytypism in
layered solids.
Microporous and mesoporous materials:structure, composition, synthesis, properties
and applications of zeolites and zeotypes, metal organic frameworks.

75 | P G C h e m i s t r y S y l l a b u s 2 0 1 8

Macroporous solids:general methods of preparation, properties and applications of
opals andinverseopals.

14. SUPER CONDUCTORS 5 hrs

Definition, Meissner effect, type 1 and type 2 superconductors, features of

superconductors, Frolich diagram, Cooper pairs, theory of low temperature

superconductivity, high Tc superconductors.

15. SOME MATERIALS OF RECENT INTEREST 5 + 1 hrs

Multiferroics, giant magneto resistance (GMR) materials, thermoelectric materials,

topological materials, conducting polymers.

16. NANOMATERIALS 20 + 3 hrs

Nanoregime; properties at nanoregime- electronic structure of metals and

semiconductors at nanoscale, quantum confinement, superparamagnetism of

magnetic solids at nanoscale;classification of nanomaterials.

Synthesis of nanocrystals:top-down vs bottom-up synthesis;dispersity; La Mer

principle; capping agents; simple solution-based synthesis; inverse-micelle

synthesis;spray pyrolysis; sol-gel, combustion, solvothermal and electrochemical

synthesis.

Synthesis of thin films: physical vapour deposition – pulsed laser deposition and atomic layer

deposition, chemical vapour deposition,electrodeposition.

Synthesis of 2D nanomaterials:mechanical, solvent-mediated, and chemical

exfoliation.

Techniques for characterisation of nanomaterials:PXRD,reflectance UV-visible and

Raman spectroscopy.

Nanocomposites: definition, different types, general methods of synthesis and

applications.Carbon-based nanomaterials:structure, synthesis,properties and

applications of fullerenes, carbon onions, carbon nanotubes, graphene.

Applications of nanomaterials: nanomaterials in energy conversion and storage;

environmental amelioration applications; electronic and optoelectronic applications;

biological and medical applications.

Nanotoxicity.

76 | P G C h e m i s t r y S y l l a b u s 2 0 1 8

REFERENCES:
1. C. N. R. Rao and J. Gopalakrishnan, New Directions in Solid State Chemistry,

Cambridge Univ. Press, 2ndEdn., 1997.
2. H.V. Kheer, Principles of the Solid State, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi (1993).
3. Callister’s Material Science and Engineering. Adapted by R.

Balasubramaniam,Wiley, India(P) Ltd. (2007).
4. Walter A Harrison, Electronic Properties of Solids, Dover Publications (1989).
5. Molecular Sieves, Science and Technology Series, Volume 6, 2008.
6. Kenneth J Klabunde, Nanoscale Materials in Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons

(2000).
7. C.N.R Rao, Chemistry of Nanomaterials, Wiley VCH (2007).
8. Clemens Bruda, Chemistry and Properties of Nanocrystallites of Different Shapes,

Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 1025
9. Recent advances in the liquid phase synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles, Chem.

Rev. 2004, 104, 3893.
10. The biomolecule-nanoparticle interface, Vincent M Rotello, Nano Today, Vol 2,

Number 3, June 2007.
11. Biomaterial Science, Buddy Ratner, Allan S Hoffmann, Jack E Lemons, Frederick J

Schoen, B.D. Ratner, Academic Press (2004).

77 | P G C h e m i s t r y S y l l a b u s 2 0 1 8

Code number and Title of the paper: CH DE 0218; Chemistry of Materials

Chapter Title Number of Maximum marks for
Number teaching hours which questions are to

(As mentioned be framed from this
in the syllabus) chapter (including
bonus questions)
1. Introduction 1
2
2. Materials characterisation 15 26
techniques
17
3. Layered solids and porous 10
materials 8

4. Super conductors 5 10

5. Some materials of recent 6 40
interest 70
103
6. Nanomaterials 23

Total marks excluding bonus questions

Total marks including bonus questions

78 | P G C h e m i s t r y S y l l a b u s 2 0 1 8

Semester IV
Paper code CH DE 0318
Paper title Dept. Elective : Green Chemistry
Number of teaching hrs per week
Total number of teaching hrs per 4
60
semester
Number of credits 4

1. C-C AND C-N BOND FORMING REACTIONS 8 hrs

Mannich, Stobbe, Dieckmann, Darzen’s, Henry, Horner-Wordworth-Emmons,
Mukaiyama, Prins and Noyori reactions.

2. SELECTIVE ORGANIC NAME REACTIONS 10+2 hrs

Oppenauer oxidation, Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley, Wolff-Kishner, Clemmensen and

Birch reductions, Robinson annulation, Stork-enamine synthesis, Barton, Hofmann-

Loffler-Freytag, Shapiro, , Mitsonobu, Nef, Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation. Suzuki

coupling reaction, McMurry olefination and asymmetric dihydroxylation reactions (self

study).

3. REAGENTS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 8+2 hrs

Use of the following reagents in organic synthesis and functional group

transformations: lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC),

trimethyl silyl iodide, Woodward and Prevost reagents, osmium tetroxide, HIO4,

Pb(OAc)4, O3, 2,3-dihydro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzophenone (DDQ), selenium dioxide.

Merrifield resin and use in peptide synthesis (self study).

4. PRINCIPLES OF GREEN CHEMISTRY 3 hrs

Prevention of waste, less hazardous chemical synthesis, safer solvents and axillaries,

use of renewable feed stock ,catalysis, real time analysis for pollution prevention,

atom efficiency, designing safer chemicals, design for energy efficiency, reduced

79 | P G C h e m i s t r y S y l l a b u s 2 0 1 8

derivatives, design for degradation, inherently safer chemistry for accident
prevention.
12 Principles of green chemistry (self study).
5. USE OF ULTRA SOUND AND MICROWAVES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS

4+1 hrs
Use of ultrasound: instrumentation and the phenomenon of cavitation. Sonochemical
esterification, oxidation and reduction.

Use of microwaves: Introduction, reaction vessel and medium, specific effects, atom
efficiency (5 atom utilization), advantages and limitations, N-alkylation and
alkylation of active methylene compounds with aldehydes and amines.

Diels-Alder reaction and oxidation of alcohols (Self study).

6. MECHANOCHEMISTRY 3 hrs

Definition of mechanochemistry. Mortar and pestle for organic synthesis. Ball milling

as reactors for organic synthesis; effect of operating frequency, milling time and

reaction temperature. Energy efficiency; comparison of KMnO4 mediated oxidation

of p-toluidine to other methods (classic heating, microwave and ultrasound).

7. POLYMER SUPPORTED REAGENTS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 7 + 1 hrs
Introduction- properties of polymer support, advantages of polymer supported
reagents and choice of polymers.
Applications: Substrate covalently bound to the support - synthesis of
oligosaccharides, Dieckmann cyclisation. Preparation of polymer bound aldehyde
and application in aldol and Wittig reactions.
Reagent linked to a polymeric material - synthesis of polymer bound per acid and it’s
applications
Polymer supported catalytic reactions: preparation of polymer supported AlCl3, and
application in acetal formation reaction (self-study).

8. PHASE TRANSFER CATALYSIS (PTC) AND CROWN ETHERS 7+1 hrs

Definition, mechanism of PTC, types of PTC reactions and advantages.
Preparation of catalysts and their application in alkylation, oxidation and reduction
reactions.

80 | P G C h e m i s t r y S y l l a b u s 2 0 1 8

Crown ethers: general structure, nomenclature, features and nature of donor site.
General synthesis of crown ethers. Synthetic applications: aromatic substitutions.
Generation of carbenes and alkylation (self study).

9. MULTICOMPONENT ONE -POT REACTIONS 2+1 hrs

Meaning of one pot synthesis (mention of synonyms domino/cascade/ tandem

reactions). Effective reactions for one-pot synthesis; reaction in which the intermediate

compound is unstable, reaction in which the intermediate compound is hazardous, reactions

in which there is equilibrium between intermediate compounds, reaction in which the starting

compound is in equilibrium with the intermediate, reaction in which same reagents are

employed in subsequent reactions an example each (self study). Restriction for one-pot

reactions; reaction, solvent, amount of reagent. Case study: Passerini and Ugi

reactions.

References
1. Advanced Organic Chemistry, J. march, 4th edn. John Wiley, (2008).
2. Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, W. Carruthers, 2nd edn.

Cambridge Uni. Press London.
3. Organic Synthesis: Special Techniques, V . K. Ahluwalia and R. Aggarwal,

Norosa, New Delhi, (2003).
4. Organic chemistry, J. Clayden, N. Greeves, S. Warren, 2nd edn, Oxford Uni.

Press, (2001).
5. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part-A, F. A. Carey, R. J. Sundberg, 5th edn,

Springer International edition, 3rd Indian reprint, (2015).
6. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part-B, F. A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, 4th edn,

Springer international edn, (2001).
7. Green chemistry: Environmental friendly alternatives, R. Sanghi and M. M

Srivastava, Norosa, New Delhi, (2003).
8. Green Chemistry-an introduction text, The Royal Society of Chemistry, UK, 2002.
9. Crownethers and Cryptands, G. W. Gokel, Monograph, The Royal society of

Chemistry, (1991).

81 | P G C h e m i s t r y S y l l a b u s 2 0 1 8

10. Macrocyclic Polyether Chemistry, G. W. Gokel, S. M. Korzeniowski, Vol 1 to 3,
Wiley, NY, 111978, 1981, 1987.

11. Phase Transfer Catalysis in Organic Synthesis, W. B. Weber, G. K. Gokel,
Springer, Berlin, (1977).

12. Polymers as Aids in Organic Synthesis, N. K. Mathur, C. K. Narang and R. E.
Williams, Academic Press, NY, (1980).

13. Green Chemistry. Ball milling towards green synthesis-applications, projects,
challenges, Ed: Brindaban Rann and Achim Stolle, The Royal Society of
Chemistry, (2015).

14. Multicomponent Reactions-Concepts and applications for design and synthesis,
Ed: Raquel P. Herrera and Eugenia Marquis-Lopez, 1st edn, Wiley, (2015).

15. Multicomponent Reaction in Organic Chemistry, ed: Jieping Zhu, Quian Wang,
Meixiang Wang, Wiley VCH, (2014).

Code number and Title of the paper: CH DE 0318; Green Chemistry

82 | P G C h e m i s t r y S y l l a b u s 2 0 1 8

Chapter Title Number of Maximum marks for
Number teaching hours which questions are to be
(As mentioned framed from this chapter
in the syllabus)
(including bonus
1. C-C and C-N bond 8 questions)
forming reactions 14

2. Selective organic name 12 20
Reactions
17
3. Reagents in organic 10
Synthesis 5

4. Principles of green 3 9
chemistry
5
5. Use of ultra sound and 5 14
microwaves in organic
synthesis 14

6. Mechanochemistry 3 5

7. Polymer supported 8 70
reagents in organic 103
synthesis

8. Phase transfer catalysis 8
(PTC) and crown ethers

9. Multicomponent one -pot 3
reactions

Total marks excluding bonus questions

Total marks including bonus questions

83 | P G C h e m i s t r y S y l l a b u s 2 0 1 8

Semester IV
Paper Code CH 0PR
Paper Title Project Work

Number of teaching hrs per week 42

Total number of hrs per semester 300
Number of credits 14

84 | P G C h e m i s t r y S y l l a b u s 2 0 1 8