FERROUS METAL

STAINLESS VRT 3013
STEEL TEKNOLOGI
KNIVES BAHAN
(FERROUS
METAL) Lecturer’s name:
Profesor Madya Dr. Mohamed

Nor Azhari bin Azman

Group 1 :

NURUL SYAFIQAH BINTI INTAN SYAHKINA BINTI PRISILA RHINA ANAK NANG
NASARRUDDIN ABDUL RAHMAN (D20201095533)
(D20201095553) (D20201095517)

AINAA NADHIRAH BINTI NURUL ALIA NAJWA BINTI ZULAIMAN
RAZMI (D20201095403)

(D20201095404)

Introduction Metal

Table Of Ferrous Metal Element
Content Stainless
Steel

05 Pros Cons 06 Stainless or
carbon

07 08Comparison Application
& Function

09 Conclusion

Introduction

❖ Stainless steel is one of the types of alloy steels & is made primarily
from iron and carbon in a two-step process.

❖ What makes stainless steel different is the addition of chromium (Cr)
and other alloying elements such as nickel (Ni) & magnesium (Mg) to
create a corrosion-resistant product.

❖ Stainless steel is a popular class of material for knife blades because it
resists corrosion and easy to maintain.

❖ Stainless steel knives are commonly used in our daily life such as for
culinary uses.

What Is ❖ A metal is a material (an element,
Metal ? compound, or alloy) that is typically
hard when in solid state, opaque,
shiny, and has good electrical and
thermal conductivity.

❖ Metals are generally malleable—that
is, they can be hammered or pressed
permanently out of shape without
breaking or cracking—as well as
fusible (able to be fused or melted)
and ductile (able to be drawn out into
a thin wire)

❖ Presently, 91 out of the 118 total
elements on the periodic table are
classified as metal.

❖ Metal are classified as ferrous and
non-ferrous metal.

Types Of Metals

FERROUS NON FERROUS

❏ Ferrous metals are metals ❏ Non-ferrous metals do not
that contain iron. contain iron.

❏ Most ferrous metals are ❏ Have iron composition of
magnetic. less than one percent
measured by weight.
❏ Common ferrous metals :
alloy, steel, carbon steel and ❏ Non-ferrous metals :
cast iron. aluminium, copper, lead, zinc
and tin.

Non-Ferrous Metals

ALUMINIUM COPPER LEAD

Pure aluminium is A A very soft,
soft, ductile, reddish-gold dense and
corrosion resistant colored metal ductile
that is ductile, (moldable
malleable metal)

ZINC TIN

A bluish-silver, A silvery-white,
lustrous metal that soft, malleable
tarnishes in moist metal that can
air, producing a be highly
layer of carbonate polished

What Is ❖ Ferrous metals are metals that
Ferrous contain of iron(Fe) element.
Metal ?
❖ It can be grouped into steel and
cast iron.

❖ The common ferrous metal is
alloy, steel, carbon steel and cast
iron.

❖ Most ferrous metals are
magnetic which makes them
very useful for motor and
electrical.

Types Of Ferrous Metals

IRON & STEEL STAINLESS STEEL MEDIUM CARBON
STEEL
Pure iron is soft Hard and
and ductile but tough, More hardness and
when carbon is corrosion toughness
added, they are resistance.
known as carbon HIGH CARBON
steel
High hardness and toughness
CAST IRON LOW CARBON STEEL

Contain 2%-4% Ductile, can
of carbon, very malleable,
hard and brittle, easy to
strong under machine.
compression

Element In Stainless Steel

Chromium Nickel

Chromium is essential in the The majority of stainless
production of stainless steel. steels have a nickel content of
The majority of stainless steel 8-10%. Nickel alloys have the
contains about 18% advantage of being heat
chromium. It is what hardens resistant. They can work in
and toughens steel and extreme temperatures and
increases its corrosion conditions. They have low
resistance, especially at high expansion, which is extremely
temperatures. advantageous for stainless
steel industries.

Pros

❖ Resistance to corrosion
- contain a minimum of 10.5% chromium content
that prevent cases of rust and corrosion.

❖ Fire and heat resistance
- retaining their strength at high temperatures
because of high chromium and nickel content in
stainless steel knife

❖ Most durable
- last longer than some of the other knives

Cons

● Price
- more expensive than some of their competitors
● The Sharpness
- Need to be sharpened regularly to hold a decent

edge

Why Stainless Steel is better than
carbon steel ?

❖ Unlike stainless steel, carbon steel contains either little
or no elements that reduce corrosion, which means
that it can discolor and rust relatively easily.
Therefore, carbon steel knife can easily corrosion
caused by water and humidity

❖ Carbon steel requires more care and maintenance than
stainless steel.

❖ Carbon steel also can leave a slight metallic taste when
used to cut food, especially acidic fruits and
vegetables.

Experiment comparing a Result
carbon steel knife against a
stainless steel knife by coating Over a period of 45 minutes, the
each with water, saltwater, and carbon steel knife was darkening
lemon juice and a bit of staining.around the
saltwater and lemon juice
stainless steel knife

carbon steel knife

Stainless Steel VS Ceramic

Stainless steel knives are made up from Composition Ceramic blades are made up up of
chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) Zirconium oxide.

Stainless steel knives are usually extremely Sharpness Ceramic knives maintain their sharpness
sharp when unboxed but become dull upon for a long time. Their edge retention is
continued usage. Sharpening the blades is long. Still, in instances where it dulls,
easy and straightforward. sharpening the blade is difficult and
impossible to perform at home.

Stainless steel knives not easily rust because Rust In the case of ceramic knives it goes
contain a minimum of 10.5% chromium without saying that these knives are rust
content that prevent cases of rust and proof because no metal, no rust.
corrosion



Culinary uses Application Surgical tools and medical
Architecture of Stainless equipment

Steel

Automotive and aerospace
applications

Function of Stainless Steel Knife

Available in a wide variety of different types and sizes,
a knife is used for cutting, chopping, dicing, slicing,
mincing, peeling, separating, and other kitchen tasks
where the thin metal shaft of a blade is of value for food
preparation.

Knife blades, which are made from steel, may be
stamped or forged metal. Knives that are stamped are
cut from a sheet of steel and then machined to form a
taper ground blade, which is one that decreases in size
from the handle to the tip and from the top (spine) to
the bottom or cutting edge of the blade. If the knife
were not machine tapered, the blade would be
considered to be a constant or uniform thickness blade,
which is not very functional hand cutting. Fully forged
knives made from forged carbon or high-grade carbon
stainless steel are of higher quality and provide better
cutting and slicing performance.

Conclusion

In conclusion, stainless steel are steel alloyed containing at least 10.5%
chromium, less than 1.2% carbon and other alloying elements such as nickel
and magnesium. Stainless steel has different corrosion properties which
include being non-corrosive, rust-resistant steel which is simply designated as
stainless steel. Moreover, most of the stainless steel is made from recycled
steel and impressively, its qualities do not deteriorate once the metal is
recycled which allowing it to be reused continuously and benefits the
environment. Also, stainless steel is easy to sterilize and used in many
applications. In fact, ordinary citizens interact with products made of stainless
steel on daily basis. Whether we are in the kitchen, on the road, or in the
buildings, stainless steel is there too.

Making a Knife from Stainless Steel Ruler

Thank you!