ASSIGNMENT BIOLOGY FLIPBOOK SB015

(ASSINGMENT BIO FLIPBOOK: MOLECULE OF LIFE & CELL
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS)

NAME: NUR ASHREZA AFINA BT ASHRI
MATRIC NUMBER : MS2113173385
PRACTICUM: K5P04A

LECTURER’S NAME : MADAM KHAIRUL ANIDA BT OMAR

1

2

1 23 3
45

HYDROGEN BOND BETWEEN WATER MOLECULE 1. Consists of an oxygen atom & two hydrogen atoms.
2. Two hydrogen atoms form polar covalent bonds (sharing
ONE MOLECULE OF WATER of electrons) with an oxygen atom.
3. Water is a polar molecule
• a polar molecule: have opposite charges (unequal
distribution of electrical charge)
• oxygen region has a partial negative charge (∂-)
• both the hydrogen regions have a partial positive charge (∂+)
4. Angle between the 2 hydrogen atoms is 104.5°
• 3 atoms form a wide V shape, not a straight line.
5. Water molecules are held together by a hydrogen bond.
• formed when a hydrogen atom is attracted to another
strongly electronegative atom (e.g. F, O & N)
• a partial positive (∂+) hydrogen of one H2O molecule is
attracted to the partial negative (∂-) oxygen of nearby H2O
molecule.
6. Each water molecule can form hydrogen bonds with up to
maximum 4 other water molecules.
• hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds
• but they are strong enough to hold H2O molecules
together

4

THE CONCEPT RELATED TO PROPERTIES OF
WATER IS HIGH LATENT HEAT OF
VAPORISATION

❑ High amount of heat energy (580 calories of heat) is required or absorbed (to break hydrogen bonds)
❑ to turn 1 g of water from liquid state into water vapor.

“❑ This is to break hydrogen bonds to separate water molecules.

❑ Evaporation of water in sweat on a skin and transpiration from leaves as heat is removed will give a cooling
effect.

❑ When our body temperature begins to rise , we will sweats and evaporation of sweat uses a lot of heat energy.
❑ This energy has a cooling effect to the skin and helps prevent overheating.

❑ For animal such as elephant , they do not sweat will bathe or wet themselves
with water

❑ to prevent their bodies from overheating during
hot days.

❑ evaporative cooling.in hot weather an elephant sprays water from its trunk onto its head. evaporation of this
water cool the elephant down.

❑ water molecules with the greatest kinetic energy leaves as gas , making the remaining liquid water cooler.

5

.
OSMOSIS

6

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN OSMOSIS AND OTHER TYPES OF
PASSIVE TRANSPORT.

DIFFERENCES OSMOSIS SIMPLE FACILITATED
TYPE OF MOLECULE DIFUSSION DIFUSSION
Water molecules
CONCERNTRATION small noncharged involves insoluble compounds
GRADIENT move from a region molecules or lipid soluble such as sugars, amino acids and
of low solute molecules ions
concentration to a
region of high solute moving from areas of from a high concentration
concentration high concentration to to a low concentration
areas of low gradient
concentration

PRESENCE OF MEMBRANE a membrane is essential does not require the presence or absence of a
membrane
assistance of membrane
Carrier/channel
REQUIREMENT Aquaporins(protein) Carrier phospholipids

7