120 SIMULATION ON PERFORMANCE OF MALAYSIA NUCLEAR AGENCY – PLASMA FOCUS (MNA-PF) WITH VARIATION LENGTH OF INNER ROD ELECTRODE FOR PLASMA FOCUS DEVICE Abd Halim bin Baijan, Mohd Faiz bin Mohd Zin, Rokiah binti Mohd Sabri, Dr. Leo Kwee Wah, Puteri Nuraliah Husna binti Mohd Tajuddin, Azhar bin Ahmad, Mukhlis bin Mokhtar, Mohammad Karimi bin Manawir and Mohd Noor Shafeek bin Jaafar ABSTRACT Malaysia Nuclear Agency-Plasma Focus (MNA-PF) device with a typical inner rod electrode would give approximately 3 kJ of energy. A different length of electrode would give a different focusing factor thus a different energy would be produced. This simulation would give a rough idea on different length electrode would do to the energy of the plasma focus.
121 MEASUREMENT OF ION BEAM IN MALAYSIAN NUCLEAR AGENCY PLASMA FOCUS Rokiah Mohd Sabri, Abd Halim Baijan, Mohd Faiz Mohd Zin, Puteri Nuraliah Husna Mohd Tajuddin, Leo Kwee Wah, Mukhlis Mokhtar, Mohd Azhar Ahmad, Mohammad Karimi Manawir and Mohd Noor Shafeek Jaafar ABSTRACT The Malaysian Nuclear Agency Plasma Focus (MNA-PF) is a compact version of a Mather-type machine MNA-PF device operated by a single 12.5 kV, 30 µF aimed to have a small cost-effective facility for the study of neutron production, x-ray production and understanding of the basic physics of the device. The design of MNA-PF device is based on UNU/ICTP PFF (The United Nation University/International Center for Theoretical Physics Plasma Focus Facility) in Asian– African Association for Plasma Training Network (AAAPT) program [1] and originated from University Malaya. The MNA-PF system is sufficiently simple in design and reliable inoperation and production of ion beam, x-ray and neutron source [2,3]. The application of a dense plasma focus device for various material processing utilizes high energy ions. The characterization of these ions beam is very important, not only for understanding the mechanism of the production of high-energy ions, but also for their applications in different fields, including plasma processing (ion implantation, surface modification, thermal surface treatment, ion assisted coating, device fabrication, thin film deposition, etc.).
122 SIGNIFICANT FUNCTIONS OF SCRAM WITH ASSOCIATED ALARMS FOR RTP SAFE OPERATION Nurfarhana Ayuni Joha, Mohd Sabri bin Minhat, Zareen Khan bin Abdul Jalil Khan, Mohd Khairulezwan bin Abdul Manan and Khairul Anwar bin Bapujee ABSTRACT A reactor SCRAM is the rapid insertion or fall of all control rods into the core to instantaneously stop the fission chain reaction. This action can be accomplished automatically or manually by the reactor operator to immediately shut down the reactor when certain predetermined parameters indicate that reactor is not operating as expected. Control rods are essential for safe control of nuclear reactors as their prompt action and response to the reactor are indispensable. SCRAM functions are integrated with alarms to alert the reactor operators so they can respond quickly and efficiently. This paper aims to define the SCRAM functionability for RTP safe operation including related test procedures as well as control rod mechanism during SCRAM. Keywords: RTP, SCRAM, alarms, nuclear research reactor
123 DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSE FOR ESTABLISHING INITIAL NOISE LEVELS DATABASE IN RTP PLANT ROOM AND BASEMENT Mohamad Amirudin Mohamad Rosli, Ahmad Nabil Ab Rahim, Ridzuan Abdul Mutalib, Julia Abdul Karim, Muhammad Zulhelmi Mahadi and Khairul Anwar Bapujee ABSTRACT The maintenance and condition monitoring of machine are very important factors in saving cost and energy conservation in industries (Supachai, et al., 2017). By monitoring the machine or equipment, preventive measure can be taken earlier thus save cost, manpower and prolong the life or machine and equipment. The machine will eventually fail to do its functionality for several reasons beyond one’s control, such as mechanical wear and tear issues, including but not limited to bearing failure, metal fatigue, and corrosion (Rashad et al., 2023). There is no noise database exist at Reaktor TRIGA Puspati (RTP) to do comparison with surrent data collected. This data collection is for establishing initial database for future reference and comparison. One of method can be used for collecting data of noise level is by recording of sound (dBA) of machine or equipment. Obeserving the noise level by plotting the graph can predict and study the trend of every machine and equipment.
124 SIMULATION OF FUSION NEUTRON EMISSION FOR D2-AR GAS MIXTURES IN THE MNA PLASMA FOCUS Mohd Faiz bin Mohd Zin, Abd Halim bin Baijan, Rokiah binti Mohd Sabri, Leo Kwee Wah, Puteri Nuraliah Husna binti Mohd Tajuddin, Mukhlis bin Mokhtar and Mohd Azhar bin Ahmad ABSTRACT The Malaysia Nuclear Agency Plasma Focus device (MNA-PF) is a 3.3 kJ UNU-ICTP Mather- type device, emitting various radiation types like xrays, electron beams, ion beams, andneutrons based on the gas used. This adaptability is valuable for various material exposure applications. Plasma focus devices like MNA-PF are advantageous for neutron production due to their ease of use, low charging voltage, safety features, and absence of radioactive source. For neutron-based research, MNA-PF is capable to produce 103 neutrons in previous experiments (Zin et al., 2017). This value is considered relatively low compared to other similar type of UNU-ICTP devices. On the other hand, studies have shown that adding noble gases like argon to deuterium gas can substantially enhance neutron yield,mainly due to induced radiative collapse and improved plasma compression (Yap et al., 2005). To improve fusion neutron emission in MNA-PF, the Lee Model Code (Lee 2014) was employed for simulation, aiming to validate the potential benefits of deuterium-argon gas mixtures.
125 KEY ELEMENTS OF THE AGEING MANAGEMENT FOR PUSPATI TRIGA REACTOR Phongsakorn a/l Prak Tom, Sayyidatul Latifah binti Asha’Ari, Zaredah binti Hashim, Tonny anak Lanyau, Mazleha binti Maskin, Hasniyati binti Md Razi, Norfarizan binti Mohd Said, Ahmad Nabil bin Ab Rahim, Mohd Fairus bin Abdul Farid, Ridzuan bin Abdul Mutalib, Muhammad Khairul Ariff bin Mustafa, Na’im Syauqi bin Hamzah, Alfred Sanggau anakLigam, Muhammad Zulhelmi bin Mahadi and Julia binti Abdul Karim ABSTRACT PUSPATI TRIGA Reactor (RTP) operated for 41 years and have intention to keep the reactor in operation as long as technically feasible. The preconditions of the long-term operation are the safety and reactor in good condition. In the paper, the review of ageing management covers the structures, systems and components (SSCs). Key elements of ageing management are identified and described. Proper level of understanding of the ageing phenomena is reached and adequate ageing management programmes. The practice and solution of identified ageing management issues will ensure the safety of long-term operation of RTP. Keywords: Ageing Management, PUSPATI TRIGA Reactor, Long-term operation ABSTRAK Reaktor PUSPATI TRIGA (RTP) telah beroperasi selama 41 tahun dan mempunyai hasrat untuk memastikan reaktor itu beroperasi selagi boleh dilaksanakan secara teknikal. Prasyarat operasi jangka panjang ialah keselamatan dan reaktor dalam keadaan baik. Dalam kajian ini, semakan pengurusan penuaan merangkumi struktur, sistem dan komponen (SSCs). Elemen utama pengurusan penuaan dikenal pasti dan diterangkan. Tahap pemahaman yang betul tentang fenomena penuaan dicapai dan program pengurusan penuaan yang mencukupi. Amalan dan penyelesaian isu pengurusan penuaan yang dikenal pasti akan memastikan keselamatan operasi jangka panjang RTP.
126 SPENT FUEL DISPOSAL SCENARIOS OPTION FOR REACTOR TRIGA PUSPATI (RTP) Muhammad Khairul Ariff bin Mustafa, Julia binti Abdul Karim, Tonny anak Lanyau, Mohd Fairus bin Abdul Farid, Ahmad Nabil Bin Ab Rahim, Phongsakorn a/l Prak Tom, Na’im Syauqi bin Hamzah, Rohyiza binti Ba'an and Kang Wee Siang ABSTRACT RTP has been in safe operation since 1982. For over 40 years, various experiments and utilizations has been conducted in RTP. RTP used standard TRIGA fuel element (FE). The fuels have been remained in the reactor core since it first criticality. When reactor need to be decommissioned, all the FE will be removed from the reactor and will be managed as the spent fuel also categorized as high-level waste (HLW). As Malaysian did not participate in Foreign Research Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel Acceptance Program (FRR-SNF-AP), Nuklear Malaysia has responsibility to manage all the spent fuel in facility. A few scenarios have been considered to find the best solution for RTP spent fuel disposal. These scenarios can be modelled in BRIDE Tool introduced to Malaysia by IAEA in 2022 as a pilot project. BRIDE tool is a decisionmaking tool and the output may help the government to select the best option for the nuclear spent fuel disposal in the country. This paper will discuss about spent fuel disposal scenarios option for RTP that can be modelled in BRIDE tool. Keywords: RTP, Spent fuel, disposal, BRIDE tool ABSTRAK RTP telah beroperasi dengan selamat sejak tahun 1982. Selama lebih dari 40 tahun, pelbagai eksperimen dan kegunaan telah dijalankan di RTP. RTP menggunakan elemen bahan api TRIGA standard (FE). Bahan
127 api tersebut telah kekal di teras reaktor sejak kali pertama mencapai kritikal. Apabila reaktor perlu dinyahtauliah, semua FE akan dikeluarkan daripada reaktor dan akan dikelola sebagai sisa bahan api dan juga dikategorikan sebagai sisa radioaktif tahap tinggi (HLW). Oleh kerana Malaysia tidak mengambil bahagian dalam Program Penerimaan Bahan Bakar Nuklear Terpakai Reaktor Penyelidikan Asing (FRR-SNF-AP), Nuklear Malaysia bertanggungjawab untuk menguruskan semua sisa bahan api di fasiliti tersebut. Beberapa senario telah dipertimbangkan untuk mencari penyelesaian terbaik bagi pelupusan sisa bahan api RTP. Senario-senario ini boleh dimodelkan dalam BRIDE Tool yang diperkenalkan kepada Malaysia oleh IAEA pada tahun 2022 sebagai projek perintis. BRIDE Tool adalah kaedah membuat keputusan dan hasilnya dapat membantu kerajaan memilih penyelesaian terbaik bagi pelupusan sisa bahan api nuklear di negara ini. Kertas ini akan membincangkan tentang pilihan senario pelupusan sisa bahan api nuklear untuk RTP yang boleh dimodelkan dalam BRIDE Tool.
128 RADIOISOTOPE IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE TESTING AND ASSESSMENT AT REAKTOR TRIGA PUSPATI Hamzah, N.S., Lanyau, T.A., Haslan, A.S., Abdul Farid, M.F., Abdul Mutalib, R., Ligam, A.S., Ab Rahim, A.N., Mustafa, M.K.A., Prak Tom, P., Md Razi, H. and Abdul Karim, J. ABSTRACT The detection and identification of radiological and nuclear threats is essential to support national nuclear defense and security programme. The radioisotope identification system must be able to reliably identify a wide range of radionuclides, including of natural occurring radioactive material (NORM), industrial and medical radioactive material, and special nuclear material (SNM). The growing sophistication, availability and adaptability of radioisotope identification systems that use algorithm embedded in the detector has been very useful to detector users. For instance, automatic background suppression and rejection function is able to discriminate surrounding background radiation data. The other way around, without clear understanding on the strength and limitation of how the decisions are made by the algorithm, this might lead to introduction of unintended effect of ignoring indication of possible threat and false identification of radionuclides. In this study, the performance of two-unit radioisotope identification systems at Reaktor TRIGA PUSPATI (RTP) were assessed using single radionuclide sealed sources and standard fresh fuel element. The detection abilities were also test under high background level, and presence of various radionuclides and shielding materials. Keyword: Radioisotope Identification System, Reaktor TRIGA PUSPATI, Radionuclides, Nuclear Fuel Element.
129 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF STANDARD TANK FOR EVAPORATION RATE MEASUREMENT AT RTP SPENT FUEL POOL FACILITY Tonny Anak Lanyau, Ahmad Nabil bin Abdul Rahim, Mohd Sabri bin Minhat, Julia binti Abdul Karim, Mohd Fairus bin Abdul Farid, Ridzuan bin Mutalib, Mohd Huzair Hussain, Muhammad Khairul Ariff bin Mustafa, Phongsakorn Prak Tom, Naim Syauqi Hamzah, Alfred Sanggau Anak Ligam, Mohammad Zulhelmi bin Mahadi, Shahril bin Mohd Shah, Mat Zin bin Mat Husin and Muh Kasim bin Abdul ABSTRACT Evaporation Standard Tank (EST) has been designed and developed for evaporation rate measurement at RTP Spent Fuel Pool (SFP). The EST is installed to measure the water loss due to evaporation. The evaporation rate of the water inside the EST is used to estimate the evaporation rate of the spent fuel pool. Several factors that may influence the rate of evaporation have been considered such as ambient temperature, humidity, air flow and location inside the SFP building. Important design criteria to be considered are stability, loading, installation, sizing, material and fabrication limitation. This paper discussed the conceptual design of the EST. Keyword: RTP, evaporation, spent fuel pool, EST
130 SISTEM PEMBUMIAN UNTUK PERALATAN NUKLEAR Mohamad Firdaus bin Yusop dan Nur Hamizah binti Mohd Zaini ABSTRAK Sistem pembumian untuk peralatan nuklear adalah komponen yang sangat penting untuk menjaga keselamatan dan prestasi peralatan nuklear. Pembumian ialah proses menyambungkan peralatan nuklear ke garisan bumi atau tanah fizikal untuk mengalirkan arus yang tidak diingini dan melindungi pengguna dan peralatan daripada bahaya elektrik. Salah satu sebab utama mengapa pembumian sistem diperlukan adalah untuk melindungi pengguna daripada bahaya kejutan elektrik. Apabila peralatan nuklear tidak disambungkan ke sistem pembumian, ia boleh menjadi sumber arus elektrik yang berbahaya. Jika litar pintas atau kebocoran arus berlaku, elektrik mungkin mengalir melalui badan manusia dan menyebabkan kecederaan serius dan merosakkan peralatan nuklear.
131 PENYENGGARAAN SEMI-KOMPREHENSIF PERALATAN KUASA TANPA GANGGUAN (UPS) Izuhan bin Ismail, Mohd Ghazali bin Bachok. Ramzah bin Mohamed dan Saiful Bahri bin Saim ABSTRAK Kertas kerja ini membincangkan mengenai Perkhidmatan Penyenggaraan SemiKomprehensif Peralatan Kuasa Tanpa Gangguan (UPS). Serbis kontrak ini mula dilaksanakan pada tahun 2014 melibatkan kerja utama Preventive Maintenance (PM) dan Corrective Maintenance (CM). Objektif perkhidmatan penyenggaraan adalah untuk memastikan peralatan sentiasa berkeadaan baik, memanjangkan jangkahayat operasi peralatan, mengurangkan downtime dan kos penyenggaraan. Kerja-kerja terlibat dalam penyenggaraan termasuk pembersihan peralatan, pemeriksaan tempoh jangkahayat bateri dan pengujian operasi peralatan UPS tersebut. • UPS merupakan sebuah peralatan elektrik/elektronik yang memberikan bekalan kuasa kecemasan kepada peralatan elektrik yang lain apabila terputusnya bekalan kuasa utama dari punca TNB. • Peralatan UPS ini memberikan perlindungan serta merta dengan membekalkan tenaga yang disimpan didalam bateri dengan menukarkan bekalan kuasa arus terus (DC) kepada arus ulang alik (AC). • Keupayaan UPS untuk membekalkan kuasa adalah singkat dan bergantung kepada kapasiti kuasa yang boleh disimpan oleh bateri serta beban yang disambung kepada peralatan UPS tersebut, Namun bekalan kuasa kecemasan ini mencukupi sehingga bekalan kuasa daripada penjana (gensets) diterima atau memberikan ruang dan masa kepada pengguna untuk menutup peralatan (switch off) secara sempurna. • Selain itu UPS juga bertindak sebagai pelindung peralatan elektrik daripada kerosakan akibat gangguan yang wujud didalam bekalan kuasa utama seperti lonjakan kuasa (power surge) dan juga sebagai penstabil voltan.
132 PROSES KERJA BAGI UJIAN TEKNIKAL ALAT BARU (UTAB) DI AGENSI NUKLEAR MALAYSIA Siti Noor Rahayu binti Mohamed Daie, Saiful Bahri Saím, Noor Hafizah Omar dan Noorhaizal Ishak ABSTRAK Aset alih kerajaan dalam kategori alat elektronik baru (alat makmal, alat saintifik dan alat nuklear) yang diperolehi sama ada secara perolehan atau alat hadiah (IAEA, JAEA dan lain-lain) perlulah menjalani proses pemeriksaan, pengujian dan pengesahan oleh pegawai verifikasi daripada Pusat Instrumentasi Dan Automasi (PIA). Objektif utama Ujian Teknikal Alat Baru (UTAB) adalah untuk memastikan setiap aset alih (alat elektronik) yang diterima menepati spesifikasi yang ditetapkan, menentukan kualiti dan kuantiti sebenar mengikut pesanan, memastikan aset yang diterima sempurna dan dapat berfungsi dalam keadaan yang selamat untuk digunakan.
133 KAJIAN SEMAKAN PEMERIKSAAN DAN PERAKUAN PELUPUSAN ASET ALIH BAGI TAHUN 2021-2022 Nur Hamizah Mohd Zaini, Noor Hafizah Omar dan Syirrazie Shaari ABSTRAK Pelupusan aset merupakan satu proses melupuskan sesuatu aset alih kerajaan dimana secara fizikalnya masih ada dalam simpanan tetapi tidak digunakan atau diperlukan dan perlu dikeluarkan dari simpanan dan rekod. Proses pelupusan aset alih haruslah dilaksanakan mengikut Pekeliling Perbendaharaan Malaysia (AM2.7) “Tatacara Pengurusan Aser Alih Kerajaan: Pelupusan”. Pelupusan aset alih kerajaan bertujuan untuk memastikan agensi kerajaan tidakmenyimpan aset alih yang tidak boleh digunakan atau tidak diperlukan disamping menjimatkan ruang simpanan atau pejabat. Selain itu, pelupusan aset juga boleh menjana hasil kepada kerajaan dan juga kaedah pelupusan ini dipilih bersifat mesra alam dan lestari.
134 WAFER SINGULATION BY CNC DICING MACHINE FOR WAFER CUTTING APPLICATION IN NUCLEAR MALAYSIA M.H. Sayuti, U.Z. Mohd Azmi, N. Saad, K.N. Mohamed, M.A. Che Mat Isa, S. Mohd and I. Mansor ABSTRACT Fabrication of electronic components in micro and nanoscale nowadays are due to the miniaturization of the electronic devices. Thus, wafer singulation plays an early and vital role in the quality of the final product. In order to have bulkier quantity and great quality of chips the precision in wafer cutting is the main focus. Moreover, todays silicon wafers are getting more thinner; very fragile, can caused crack and larger size of chipping during the cutting process.This study was aimed to give an overview on the complete process of wafersingulation which is a part of process in developing the radiation semiconductor detector.
135 SPECIFICATION AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF SPLIT TUBE FURNACE U. Z. Mohd Azmi, N. F. Ahmad Redzuan, N. Saad, M. H. Sayuti, K. N. Mohamed, M. A. Che Mat Isa, I. Mansor and S. Mohd ABSTRACT Furnace is a container or enclosed space in which a very hot fire is made. It can be used for a broad range of thermal processes (Massoud et al.,1985; Jenkins & Mullinger, 2023). Split tube furnace is a type of furnace that can be opened to allow forthe easy installation and removal of work tubes and reaction vessels. Located in the cleanroom laboratory at Block 75, Dengkil Complex, a model of VT Tube Furnace, STF-1200- 450-100 with maximum temperature of 1200°C and maximum operating temperature of 1100°C is ready to be used. Meanwhile, the maximum continuous temperature is set at 1150°C. This tube furnace is a single zone furnace, meaning that it has only one set of heating elements and controller. Kanthal Coil elements are embedded into the ceramic by surrounding a central chamber for uniformly distributed heaters. It has one (1) unit FUJI programmable temperature control with 64 ramps/soaks that are fitted with type K thermocouple. In this study, the split tube furnace has been used to grow the oxide layer on silicon (Si) wafer to form silicon dioxide (SiO2) layer by using dry oxidation method. The thickness and surface roughness of wafers after different oxidation time have been studied.
136 PEMBANGUNAN MODUL ALAT BAGI MAKMAL FABRIKASI PENGESAN NUKLEAR SEMIKONDUKTOR U. Z. Mohd Azmi, N. Saad, M. H. Sayuti, K. N. Mohamed, M. A. Che Mat Isa, I. Mansor dan S. Mohd ABSTRAK Makmal Fabrikasi Pengesan Nuklear Semikonduktor yang terletak di Agensi Nuklear Malaysia Kompleks Dengkil mempunyai dua Bilik Bersih (Clean Room) kelas 100 dan 1000, Bilik Pembersihan (Cleaning Room), Bilik Persediaan Cukup Bersih (Clean Enough Room), Bilik Persalinan dan Bilik Persediaan Makmal. Selain itu, ia mempunyai kemudahan pejabat pegawai bagi Pusat Teknologi Emerging Nuklear (NET) di Bahagian Sokongan Teknikal (BST). Makmal Fabrikasi Pengesan Nuklear Semikonduktor ini turut dilengkapi dengan alat-alatan berteknologi tinggi bagi tujuan fabrikasi peranti pengesan nuklear seperti Mesin Pemotong Dicing, Relau Bersuhu Tinggi, Kemudahan Fotolitografi, Alat Sistem Pengukuran I-V (I-V Measurement Probe), Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition System (PECVD), Reactive Ion Etching Polymide System, Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA), Integrated Coating System, Backside IR Mask Aligner dan Sputtering System. Kertas kerja ini akan menerangkan fungsi, spesifikasi dan status semasa kebolehgunaan alat bagi setiap alatan di Makmal Fabrikasi Pengesan Nuklear Semikonduktor. Ia bertujuan memberi kefahaman dan pengetahuan mengenai alat dan seterusnya membuka peluang bagi kegunaan aktiviti penyelidikan dan pembangunan kepada semua warga Nuklear Malaysia yang berminat. Kata kunci: Peranti Pengesan Nuklear
137 PROVE OF CONCEPT FOR HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUITS FOR RADIATION DETECTION DEVICE Nor Arymaswati Abdullah, Maslina Mohd. Ibrahim, Noor Farhana Husna A. Aziz, Nabilah Ramli, Muhd. Izzuan Mohd. Ghazali and Khairunnisa Nadrah Md. Zahir ABSTRACT Many ionizing radiation detectors rely on the application of high voltage to initiate their operational state. There are different types of detectors used in ionizing radiation detection such as ionizing chambers, proportional counters, Geiger Mueller (GM) counters, and luminescence detectors. Each of these detectors requires a different high voltage value when operating. Therefore, this project is to develop in-house of wide range high voltage (HV) modules. Not only to support for small detector such as GM tube but these modules will be able to support detectors such as HPGE or ion chamber as well. Hence, the objective of this project is to develop internally a versatile range of HV modules. These modules will not only cater to small detectors like GM tubes but also provide support for larger detectors such as HPGE or ion chambers. This initiative aims to not only save costs but also facilitate HV applications in other projects and foster in-house skill development.
138 MENGENALPASTI PUNCA KEROSAKAN DAN PELAKSANAAN KERJA BAIK PULIH LIF DI BLOK 57 AGENSI NUKLEAR MALAYSIA Mohamad Suhaimi Yahaya, Mohd Khafidz Shamsuddin, Nordin Salleh, Mohamad Fazreen Abdul Mutalib, Mohd Fabli Abu, Abdul Hafid Mohamad dan Muhammad Syukri Azean ABSTRAK Lif di Blok 57 jenama Dover telah dipasang pada tahun 2010 dan beroperasi selari dengan Akta Kilang dan Jentera 1967 (Akta 139). Lif tersebut diselenggara oleh Firma Yang Kompeten (FYK) yang berdaftar dengan Jabatan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan Malaysia (JKKP). Pada penghujung bulan Mei 2022, pihak Bahagian Kejuruteraan (BKJ) Nuklear Malaysia menerima laporan dari pengguna di mana lift car bergegar semasa naik dan turun dari aras lain yang boleh mendatangkan kemalangan jiwa dan ketakutan di kalangan kakitangan dan pelawat. Kertas kerja ini akan menerangkan punca kerosakan dan langkahlangkah yang diambil untuk membaik pulih kerosakan lif di Blok 57. Pembaikan lif Blok 57 adalah penting kerana banyak kursus dan latihan dianjurkan oleh Pusat Kecemerlangan Nuklear, Agensi Nuklear Malaysia dibuat di Blok 57 yang melibatkan pihak industri.
139 DETERMINING THE CAUSE OF THE GROWTH OF FUNGUS ON THE WALLS IN BLOCK 34 AND THE MEASURES TAKEN TO PREVENT IT Mohamad Suhaimi Yahaya, Nordin Salleh, Mohd Khafidz Shamsuddin, Mohamad Fazreen Abdul Mutalib, Sabriansah Sahudi and Nalla Sevam A/L Jeganathan ABSTRACT EngineeringDivision (BKJ) hasreceived reportfrom staff in Block 34 since 2021 about the fungus grown badly on the walls in block 34 as shown in figure 1 below. The Block 34 consists of number of offices and laboratories that use centralised air conditioning system packaged type. Some laboratories equipped with scientific equipment that need 24 hours air conditioning. Those laboratories have been installed with air conditioning split unit (ACSU) to meet the requirement. The fungus on wall or known as mold can cause health problem among the Malaysian Nuclear staff. The staff in Block 34 may experience symptoms such as stuffy nose, sneeze, cough, red or itchy eyes, or skin. Some people such as those who have asthma may experience more severe reactions include fever and shortness of breath. This paper will describe the causes of fungus growth on Block 34 wall and also the method taken to control it. Figure 1. Wall with fungus existence in Block 34
140 INTRODUCTION OF FRESH AIR INTAKE IN CENTRALISED AIRCONDITIONING SYSTEM IN BLOCK 18 AND 19 AGENSI NUKLEAR MALAYSIA Mohamad Suhaimi Yahaya, Muhammad Ariff Ismail, Nordin Salleh, Muhammad Azli Shariff and Mohd Abdul Karim Kamaruddin ABSTRACT In centralised air conditioning system, it will either use recirculation indoor air from the building or mixing with fresh air from ambient. In some cases, such as for radioactive laboratory and medical facilities, 100% fresh air are used for air conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) system. Air ducts are used to distribute cooled air throughout the building. Centralised air- conditioning also used to provide ventilation inside the building in order to maintain appropriate indoor air quality and eliminating contaminants like coronavirus. During pandemic of Covid-19 in 2020 until 2022, the centralised air conditioning potentially spread the virus throughout the building. Hence, Ministry of Health Malaysia had recommended to use fresh air to control the spread of covid-19. However, by using fresh air intake, the air conditioning system need to re- setting so it will not overload the existing system. Most of the building in Bangi Complex, Agensi Nuklear Malaysia use centralised air-conditioning system with recirculating of air from the building. To have good ventilation inside the building, Engineering Division (BKJ) has decided to re-introduce fresh airintake in centralised air-conditioning system in Block 18 and 19. The reason for only Block 18 and 19 selected to use fresh air intake is because there is an existing primary AHU that can be utilized to cool down the fresh air. Moreover, the initial design of the ACMV system in Block 18 and 19 was to use recirculating air mixed with fresh air for ventilating the radioactive laboratory before those laboratories been converted to general laboratory and office. This paper will describe the important of fresh air intake in centralised air conditioning system in order to reduce the spread of covid-19.
141 REKABENTUK LITAR DAN SISTEM KAWALAN BAGI KOTAK PROTOTAIP SINARAN ULTRALEMBAYUNG (UV) Siti Hajar binti Said, Muhammad Hannan bin Bahrin, Anwar bin Abdul Rahman, Mohd Zaid bin Hassan @ Abdul Rahman, Mohd Rizal bin Mamat @ Ibrahim, Azraf bin Azman, Wan Ismail bin Wan Yusof, Muhamad Nor bin Atan, Sofian bin Ibrahim dan Noor Mohd Rizwan bin Brahim ABSTRACT Electrical components and circuit design are the main components in development of the prototype of the Ultraviolet (UV) box. The electrical components consist of UV lamps, ballast for UV lamps, indicator lights, fan, limit switch, timer with buzzer, socket and plug power cord. The specification of these components has been identified earlier during the design stage of the control system and electrical circuit. This paper will discuss the control system, circuit design and the specifications of each electrical component for the prototype of UV box. Keywords: efficient and secure information exchange, technological change challenges, unified communication. ABSTRAK Komponen elektrik dan rekabentuk litar adalah komponen utama dalam pembangunan prototaip kotak sinaran ultralembayung (UV). Antara komponen elektrik adalah terdiri daripada lampu UV, ballast untuk lampu UV, lampu penunjuk, kipas, suis pengehad, peranti penetapan masa, penggera, palam dan soket. Spesifikasi untuk setiap komponen elektrik ini dikenalpasti pada peringkat awal semasa semasa merekabentuk sistem kawalan dan litar. Kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan rekabentuk litar, sistem kawalan dan spesifikasi komponen elektrik yang terdapat di dalam kotak sinaran UV. Kata kunci: Rekabentuk litar, penyinar ultralembayung, pemvulkanan lateks, rekabentuk, prototaip
142 KIMPALAN KAPSUL DAN BEKAS PENYIMPANAN DSRS Mohd Yusof Abdullah Sani, Salim bin Hassan, Muhammad Ibrahim bin Mohd Aminuddin, Kang Wee Siang, Anwar bin Abdul Rahman dan Muhammad Hannan bin Bahrin ABSTRAK Malaysia adalah salah sebuah negara yang menggunapakai kaedah lubang gerek untuk melupuskan bahan radioaktif terkedap terpakai (DSRS). Sebelum memasukkan bahan radioaktif kedalam lubang gerek, kaedah yang dipanggil pra pelupusan yang melibatkan proses pengkondisian dijalankan terlebih dahulu keatas DSRS tersebut. Kaedah ini melibatkan susunan proses yang terdiri daripada proses pemilihan bahan radioaktif, pengkelasan mengikut jenis yang sama dimasukkan kedalam satu kapsul, dikimpal, pengujian kebocoran dan akhir sekali dimasukkan kedalam bekas penyimpanan sebelum dkimpal semula. Proses pengkondisian ini dijalankan oleh Pusat Pengurusan Sisa (Wastec), Bahagian Alam Sekitar. Memandangkan tiada kemahiran kimpalan bertauliah di Wastec, Kumpulan ini memohon kerjasama Pusat Pembangunan Loji dan Prototaip, Bahagian Sokongan Teknikal untuk membantu dalamproses kimpalan.Objektif kertas kerja ini adalah berkongsi pengalaman dalam melaksanakan proses pra-pelupusan bahan radioaktif berdasarkan skop kimpalan bahan radioaktif DSRS
143 FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR REUSE AND RECYCLE SOURCE FROM SINAGAMA BY RAYMINTEX Muhammad Hannan bin Bahrin, Anwar bin Abdul Rahman, Mohd Zaid bin Hassan@Abdul Rahman, Mohd Rizal bin Mamat @ Ibrahim, Azraf bin Azman, Chai Chee Keong, Ahsanulkhaliqin bin Abdul Wahab and Shukri bin Mohd ABSTRACT Sinagama irradiation plants have 362 Cobalt-60 pencil sources aged more than 20 years. Currently, Radioactive Waste Management Centre (WasTeC) is unable to manage andstore Sinagama’s Cobalt- 60 pencil sources. Based on the market survey, the cost to return the source to the original country are expensive. Meanwhile, the Raymintex irradiation plant requires additional Cobalt-60 sourcesas the current activity is very low. Therefore, this research paper will discuss the feasibility study on reusing and recycling Cobalt-60 sources from Sinagama to Raymintex. Factors such as the activity of the Cobalt-60 sources, source dimension, the transfermethod, and the estimated cost ofthis project are discussed. Keywords: Cobalt-60, Sinagama, Raymintex, Feasibility study, Reuse and recycle ABSTRAK Pusat khidmat penyinaran Sinagama mempunyai sejumlah 362 pensel Cobalt60 yang berusia melebihi 20 tahun. Buat masa ini, Pusat Pembangunan Teknologi Sisa (WasTeC) tidak mempunyai kemudahan yang mampu untuk menampung penyimpanan pensel Cobalt-60 tersebut. Berdasarkan kajian pasaran pula, kos penghantaran ke negara asal adalah sangat mahal. Dalam masa yang sama, pusat khidmat penyinaran lateks Raymintex memerlukan tambahan keradioaktifan punca Cobalt-60 kerana aktiviti keradioaktifan semasa adalah sangat rendah. Oleh yang demikian, kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan kajian kebolehlaksanaan penggunaan semula pensel Cobalt60 Sinagama oleh Raymintex. Antara faktor yang diambil kira adalah aktiviti bahan radioaktif, ukuran Cobalt-60 dan kapsul penyimpanan, kaedah pemindahan Cobalt-60 dari Sinagama ke Raymintex termasuk anggaran kos projek. Kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan semua faktor -faktor yang dikenal pasti dalam kajian projek ini.
144 FEASIBILITY STUDY OF DC POWER SUPPLY FOR AC LOAD BASED OF RADIATION SURVEY METER MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT Syirrazie Shaari, Saipo Bahari bin Abdul Ratan, Mohd Hazri bin Mohd Salleh, Izuhan bin Ismail, Mohamad Azwan Nizam bin Mohd Nasir and Saiful Bahri bin Saím ABSTRACT Essential of mobility maintenance equipment to serve quick diagnostic on site for a radiation survey meter requires mobile DC Power Supply such as battery. Since the equipment are AC loads, DC to AC signal converter is required to fulfill this purpose. However, supplying AC load with DCcauses losses of 5% to 15% during conversion of DC to AC signal. Other than that, 1.5 to 2% losses of transformer during step up voltage from low AC voltage to 240V AC voltage. Therefore, this study is purposely to determine power consumption of AC loads. AC loads in this study are referred to module devices such as oscilloscope, digital multimeter, pulser and scalar rate meter. Knowing this, the expected battery capacity could be determined sufficiently.
145 PENYENGGARAAN TETINGKAP SEL AKTIF MUDAH ALIH (MHC) Muhamad Nor bin Atan, Muhammad Hannan bin Bahrin, Anwar bin Abdul Rahman, Mohd Zaid bin Hassan@Abdul Rahman, Mohd Rizal bin Mamat @ Ibrahim, Azraf bin Azman dan Wan Ismail bin Wan Yusof ABSTRACT Zink Bromide (ZnBr2) liquid was used as Mobile Hot Cell (MHC) window liquid shielding. The main criteria of this liquid shielding are it is optically clear, colourless, high density and suitable as radiation shielding. However, after being left for two years, the ZnBr2 turned cloudy and disturbed the vision quality during operating MHC. Therefore, it is compulsory to do maintenance of the MHC window. This paper will discuss the factor that causes the decline of clarity level and the maintenance operation of the MHC window. ABSTRAK Larutan Zink Bromida (ZnBr2) digunakan sebagai perisai sinaran bagi tetingkap Sel Aktif Mudah Alih (MHC). Antara kriteria utama pemilihan larutan ini adalah larutan ini jernih, berketumpatan tinggi dan sesuai digunakan sebagai perisai sinaran. Namun begitu, setelah dibiarkan selama dua tahun, didapati larutan ini semakin keruh dan menggangu tahap penglihatan semasa mengendalikan MHC. Oleh yang demikian, penyenggaraan perludilakukan untukmemastikantetingkap MHC dalam keadaan seperti asal. Kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan faktor yang menyebabkan tahap kejernihan larutan zink bromida merosot dan kerja-kerja penyenggaraan yang dilakukan. Kata kunci: Sel Aktif, tetingkap, penyenggaraan, ZnBr2
146 PROGRESS ON TROUBLESHOOTING AND RESTORATION OF THE CURETRON LOW VOLTAGE ELECTRON BEAM ACCELERATOR Khairul Azhar bin Abdul Halim, Ahmad Zuhdi bin Mohd On, Abdul Muizz bin Mohd Sani, Mohammad Karimi bin Manawir, Mohd Noor Shafeek bin Jaafar, Naurah Mat Isa and Leo Kwee Wah ABSTRACT The Curetron machine (see Figure 1), a self-shielded, area type electron beam accelerator, has been instrumental in research and development activity involving the use of ionizing radiation forradiation curing ofsurface coatings and radiation-induced surface modification of polymers for Malaysian Nuclear Agency since its acquisition through JICA cooperation in August 1991. However, in 2012, the machine experienced a breakdown in the vacuum system, rendering it inoperable. This paper presents the progress made in troubleshooting and repairing the Curetron machine, outlining the extensive maintenance work undertaken since 2016. Figure 1: Curetron, Electron Processing System (EBC-200-AA2) As illustrated in Figure 2, a low energy electron beam (EB) accelerator operates using the following process (Lund T., 2010): Free electrons are generated by heating tungsten cathode with an electrical current in a high vacuum environment. The electrons that gather on the tungsten surface are accelerated towards the anode by a high voltage and deflected to the EB exit window. In the radiation chamber or product treatment area, the electrons emerge from vacuum conditions into the atmosphere through the
147 window as electron beams where they interact with the product. The window has a unique design where a titanium foil of 7 to 25 micrometres thick is stretched over copper plates and supported by a support grid as shown in. Water and convection are used to cool the air through the copper plate which provides cooling to the titanium window foil. Figure 2: Electron crosslinking EB accelerator linear type (Lund T. et al, 2010) One valuable application of this technology is radiation curing and crosslinking of polymers, where the high energy electron beam is employed to efficiently and rapidly cure or crosslink polymeric materials such as coatings, inks and adhesives. This technology possesses several benefits over conventional crosslinking processes such as, it minimises or eliminates the use of hazardous chemicals for crosslinking, and the crosslinking occurs rapidly which promotes productivity. The EB curing process is similar to the UV photopolymerizationprocess, but the electrons are accelerated to a much higher energy to start the polymerization of monomers (Taniguchi, 2005). The electrons’ impact on the material is high enough to cause certain chemical bonds to break and form ions. These ions later become free radicals that kickstart polymerization. As a result, the EB curing process does not require a photoinitiator. Toenable these functions, a low energy electron beam machine typically consists of multiple components, including a power supply, vacuum systems, electron gun assembly, cooling system, product conveyor, and other necessary components.
148 HARI KEDUA KATEGORI PEMBENTANGAN POSTER
149 PROSEDUR DAN PENENTUAN PARAMETER BAGI PENYARINGAN SIFAT MORFOLOGI SERTA AGRONOMI MUTAN UBI KAYU DI LADANG Shakinah Salleh, Norazlina Noordin, Affrida Abu Hassan, Mustapha Akil, Zaiton Ahmad, Nor Hafiz Talib, Nur Hayati Irwan, Nashimatul Adadiah Yahya dan Mohamed Hasyraf Mat Nawi ABSTRAK Di Malaysia, ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta) merupakan salah satu tanaman utama dalam kategori akar dan umbisi yang boleh dimakan. Ia sesuai dituai selepas 9 hingga 12 bulan ditanam dan dijadikan sebagai bahan mentah dalam industri pemprosesan agro-makanan. Kebanyakan ubi kayu ditanam oleh petani secara kecil-kecilan menggunakan keratan batang. Masalah utama penanaman ubi kayu di Malaysia ialah kekurangan variasi genetik, antaranya disebabkan oleh keupayaan pembungaan yang lemah dan kadar multiplikasi yang rendah. Nuklear Malaysia sedang melaksanakan penyelidikan aruhan mutasi menggunakan sinaran gama ke atas kultur tisu ubi kayu bagi menambahbaik ciri-ciri agronomik seperti hasil yang tinggi, saiz akar yang bersesuaian dan juga tempoh matang awal serta bekalan anak benih yang bermutu tinggi. Pemilihan mutan baharu ubi kayu perlu melalui proses penyaringan di ladang dan objektif kertas kerja ini ialah untuk membangunkan prosedur dan menentukan parameter yang sesuai untuk penyaringan dan pemilihan mutan baharu tanaman ubi kayu.
150 IMPORTANT REQUIREMENTS IN CULTURE MEDIA PREPARATION TO ENSURE QUALITY AND INTEGRTY OF MICROBIOLOGICAL LABORATORY TEST RESULTS Nur Humaira’ Lau Abdullah, Phua Choo Kwai Hoe, Mariani Deraman and Azania Shazlin Mohamad Razali ABSTRAK Culture medium is vital to microbiology for the production of reliable laboratory results. Culture medium in the form of liquid, semi-solid or solid forms is formulated with natural and/or synthetic constituents intended to support the multiplication, identification or preservation of viability of microorganisms. Accurate culture media preparation is one of the fundamental steps to ensure the integrity of microbiological examination and it shall be given special care (International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 2014). For successful and reproducible preparation of culture media, several aspects need to be considered including the dehydrated media and ingredients, glassware, equipment, water, weighing, dissolving the medium, sterilization, adding supplements, pH, dispensing the media, storage and quality control. In all cases, good laboratory practice and manufacturer’s instructions regarding the handling of dehydrated media and other components need to be followed (The United States Pharmacopeia [USP], 2011). This paper aimed to provide information regarding the important aspects and requirements in culture media preparation in a microbiological laboratory to ensure quality and integrity of laboratory analysis results.
151 ISO FLOW SYSTEM FOR EFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF STABLE ISOTOPE IN LIQUID SAMPLES Mohd Noor Hidayat bin Adenan, Azilah binti Abdul Malek, Dr. Shyful Azizi bin Abdul Rahman, Salmah binti Moosa and Rafiah binti Mohamed Roshidi ABSTRACT Iso FLOW is a fully automated, continuous flow sample preparation system for the Isotopic analysis of samples from a variety of application fields, including geoscience, climate change, food adulteration, hydrology, and clinical investigations. This system offers distinct analytical advantages for Isotopic analysis in comparIson to other prevalent methods. The system's equilibration method is better than direct injection into an elemental analyzer for measuring 2H and 18O water Isotopes because it gets rid of the bad effects of organic compounds in the water, whether they are dissolved or in small particles. The system is capable of measuring both water and gas samples. Human breath, river, and sea water, as well as potable water, are the most typicalsources of samplesfor Iso FLOW analysis. Measurements of oxygen and hydrogen gas Isotopes comprise the two modalities of direct analysis of water using Iso FLOW. For monitoring oxygen and hydrogen gases, purified helium (95%) mixed with 5% CO2 gas and purified helium (90%) mixed with 10% hydrogen gas are used, respectively. Both oxygen and hydrogen Isotope analyses in water require only 200 µl of sample volume. Hydrogen analysis requires a specialised hakko coil to minimise errors involving exchangeable hydrogen factors in the environment. This water analysis requires neither additional compounds nor reagents. After being placed in the proper vial, the sample is available for analysis. Previous results from the Proficiency Test for the oxygen and hydrogen Isotopes in watershowed that the z-score values are both 0.1, which is considered a low standard deviation from the mean value. Using this advanced analytical method, the Iso FLOW analysis of a watersample providesinsight to expand research scopes and ensure quality and reliable results. Keywords: Iso FLOW, water analysis, isotope, hydrogen, oxygen
152 ABSTRAK Iso FLOW ialah sistem penyediaan sampel secara aliran berterusan dan automatik sepenuhnya untuk analisis Isotop bagi pelbagai bidang aplikasi, termasuk geosains, perubahan iklim, pemalsuan makanan, hidrologi dan penyiasatan klinikal. Sisteminimenawarkan kelebihan analisis yang berbeza untuk analisis Isotop berbanding dengan kaedah lain. Kaedah sistem ekuilibrasi bagi sistem ini adalah lebih baik berbanding suntikan terus ke dalam penganalisis unsur untuk mengukur Isotop air 2H dan 18O kerana ia menyingkirkan kesan buruk sebatian organik dalam air,sama ada ia terlarut atau dalam zarah kecil. Sistem ini mampu mengukur kedua-dua sampel air dan gas. Nafas manusia, air sungai dan laut, serta air yang boleh diminum, adalah sumber sampel yang paling tipikal untuk analisis Iso FLOW. Pengukuran Isotop oksigen dan gas hidrogen terdiri daripada dua modaliti analisis terus air menggunakan Iso FLOW. Bagi piawai gas oksigen dan hidrogen, masing-masing helium tulen (95%) dicampur dengan gas CO2 5% dan helium tulen (90%) dicampur dengan gas hidrogen 10% digunakan. Analisis Isotop oksigen dan hidrogen dalam air hanya memerlukan 200 µl isipadu sampel. Analisis hidrogen memerlukan gegelung hakko khusus untuk meminimumkan ralat yang melibatkan faktor hidrogen yang boleh ditukar dalam persekitaran. Analisis air ini tidak memerlukan sebatian atau bahan kimia tambahan. Selepas diletakkan di dalam botol yang betul, sampel tersedia untuk dianalisis. Keputusan sebelum ini daripada Ujian Kecekapan bagi Isotop oksigen dan hidrogen dalam air menunjukkan bahawa nilaiskorz adalah kedua-duanya 0.1, yang dianggap sebagaisisihan piawai yang rendah daripada nilai purata. Menggunakan kaedah analisis terkini ini, ianya dapat memberikan galakan untuk meluaskan skop penyelidikan dan memastikan hasil yang berkualiti dan boleh dipercayai.
153 DEVELOPING LABORATORY SCALE REARING OF ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY BACTROCERA DORSALIS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) Aisyah, N.S., Salmah, M., Ahmad Zainuri M.D., Iffa, N. S., and Ashraf, M. ABSTRACT The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is native to large parts of tropical Asia and been recorded as highly destructive pest species to cause damage to more than 150 fruit crops (Ren et al., 2023). In Malaysia, there have been reports of severe attacks by B. dorsalis on various economically valuable crops such as papaya, mango, guava, and star fruit (Mohamed et al., 2020). Female fruit fly laying eggs inside the fruit and after the egg hatches, it become larvae. Controlling the fruit fly population during the larval stages is challenging because they actively bore into and consume the flesh inside the fruits. The fruit itself acts as a safe environment for them from any control methods. Sterile Insect Techniques (SIT) are environmentally friendly and species-specific approaches utilized in the management of pests (Zhao et al., 2022). SIT has shown promising potential as a strategy for the biological control of B. dorsalis (Zhao et al., 2013). However, no laboratory-scale rearing of fruit flies has been conducted at the Malaysia Nuclear Agency before. Therefore, laboratory rearing for fruit flies has been established to initiate a preliminary study for SIT. The objectives of this study are to optimize the feeding routine of fruit flies, determine the duration taken for fruit fly life stages in the laboratory, and examine the morphology of the fruit fly.
154 MICROPROPAGATION PROCEDURE OF VARIEGATED HAWAIIAN AND BLUE JAVA BANANA VARIETIES Norazlina Noordin, Wan Norhanis Ahmad Yarani, Nurhayati Irwan, Nashimatul Adadiah Yahya, Mustapha Akil, Norhafiz Talib, Zaiton Ahmad and Muhammad Rizal Doliman ABSTRACT Ornamental bananas i.e., Variegated Hawaiian and Blue Java banana are considered rare and are only found in limited availability in tropical regions, including Southeast Asia, the South Pacific, Hawaii, and Florida. The fruits exhibit qualities of both a cooking and dessert banana. These banana varieties are currently gaining popularity to breeders, nursery owners and collectors in Malaysia. However, planting materials are scarce with limited and exclusive availability. Hence, the price of seedlings is expensive due to limited supply of seedlings and suckers. Therefore, to ensure sustainable supply of these ornamental banana seedlings, plant tissue culture technique offers attractive and reliable solution for rapid and continuous production of these rare banana. A procedure has been successfully established and optimized for these banana varieties pisang via tissue culture, from initiation of shoot cultures until hardening and transplanting. This procedure will enable production for continuous and sustainable supply of Variegated Hawaiian and Blue Java banana seedlings. Keywords: Micropropagation, Banana, Variegated Hawaiian, Blue Java
155 THE USE OF ACUTE GAMMA IRRADIATION FOR EDIBLE MUSHROOM IMPROVEMENT Azhar bin Mohamad, Dr Seri Chempaka binti Mohd Yusof, Dr Nur Diyana binti Osman, Mohd Hafiz bin Abd Nasir and Irwan Syafri bin Rusli ABSTRACT Acute gamma irradiation is one of the physical mutation methods that can produce variations in mushroom species through changes to external properties (phenotype) and internal properties (genotype). This variation is important for growers and consumers to choose mushroom needs according to suitability and demand in the mushroom industry. Three commercial mushroom species have been developed through the acute use of gamma radiation. The acute gamma irradiations were carried out in Gamma cell located at Nuclear Malaysia. The irradiation process involves two stages, namely the laboratory stage and the farm stage. At the laboratory level, identification of strains from superior species, irradiation, screening and selection are done intensively in vitro. While in vivo cultivation is done in multiple locationsin the mushroom farm. The study shows that the species used, namely Pleurotus florida, Plourotus pulmonarius and Volvarela volvacea, have certain specificities in terms of temperature and humidity in the growth room. The humidity required during mycelium development is 70% whereas for fruiting is 80%. In the field, the same parameters are found tovary according to the planting location. The growth and development of mycelium in vitro for the mushroom Pleurotus sp. and Volvariella sp. is between 25-28℃. In vivo growth requires temperatures between 22-28℃ and 28-35℃ for both Pleurotus and Volvariella respectively. Both stages require good aeration to enable the production of fruit bodies and mycelium development more actively. This study allows the development of smart mushroom houses to be developed. Currently, the agricultural sector is needed new strains in making mushrooms one of the commodities that can be used for the country. Keywords: Gamma greenhouse, chronic irradiation, plant breeding, mutation breeding, plant improvement
156 ABSTRAK Penyinaran gamma akut merupakan salah satu kaedah mutasi fizikal yang boleh menghasilkan variasi spesies cendawan melalui perubahan sifat luaran (fenotip) dan sifat dalaman (genotip). Variasi ini penting untuk penanam dan pengguna memilih keperluan cendawan mengikut kesesuaian dan permintaan dalam industri cendawan. Di Nuklear Malaysia, tiga spesies cendawan komersial telah dibangunkan melalui penggunaan akut sinaran gamma. Ianya dilakukan menggunakan Kebuk Gamma. Teknik penyinaran melibatkan dua peringkat iaitu peringkat makmal dan peringkat ladang. Di peringkat makmal, pengenalpastian strain daripada spesies unggul, penyinaran, saringan dan pemilihan dilakukan secara intensif secara in vitro. Manakala penanaman in vivo dilakukan di beberapa lokasi di ladang cendawan. Kajian menunjukkan spesies yang digunakan iaitu Pleurotus florida, Plourotus pulmonarius dan Volvariella volvacea mempunyai kekhususan tertentu dari segi suhu dan kelembapan di dalam bilik tumbesaran. Kelembapan yang diperlukan semasa pembangunan miselium ialah 70% manakala untuk berbuah ialah 80%. Di lapangan, parameter yang sama didapati berbeza mengikut lokasi penanaman. Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan miselium secara in vitro untuk cendawan Pleurotus sp. dan Volvariella sp. adalah antara 25-28 ℃. Pertumbuhan in vivo memerlukan suhu antara 22-28 ℃ dan 28-35 ℃ untuk kedua-dua Pleurotus dan Volvariella masing-masing. Kedua-dua peringkat memerlukan pengudaraan yang baik untuk membolehkan pengeluaran badan buah dan perkembangan miselium dengan lebih aktif. Kajian ini membolehkan pembangunan rumah cendawan pintar dibangunkan. Pada masa ini, sektor pertanian memerlukan strain baru dalam menjadikan cendawan sebagai salah satu komoditi yang boleh digunakan untuk negara.
157 RADIOSENSITIVITY TEST OF IN VITRO REGENERATION TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM) IN RADIATION MUTATION Saw Peng Chong, Zaiton Ahmad, Norellia Bahari and Shuhaimi Shamsudin ABSTRACT Solanum lycopersicum known as tomato is a flowering plant of the nightshade family Solanaceae (OECD, 2017). Tomatoes are one of the most commonly consumed fruits around the world. One of the most significant problems in tomato cultivation is pests and diseases. Tomatoes are susceptible to a wide range of pests, including aphids, whiteflies, mites, and various types of caterpillars (Brezeanu et al., 2014). To overcome these problems, various approaches have been studied. One of the methods is through plant mutation breeding to produce a new trait which has resilient to pests or diseases. To study the plant mutation breeding in tomatoes in the future, a radiosensitivity test was conducted in this study to determine the LD50 of in vitro regenerationtomatoes.
158 DEVELOPMENT OF WEB-BASED DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS) FOR FIELDWORK SITE SERVICE: ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY SURVEY Mohd Faizun Khalid, Dr. Rahman Yaccup, Dr. Lakam Mejus, Nor Dalila Desa, Mohd Muzamil Mohd Hashim, Dr. Nurul Fairuz Diyana Bahrudin, Muhammad Syahiran Mustaffa, Engku Mohd Fahmi Engku Chik, Rozilawati Mohd Japar, Kamaruzaman bin Mohamad @ Mamat and Mohamad Wafiy Abdul Wahab ABSTRACT Electrical Resistivity Survey is one of two fieldwork site services that carried out by E-Tag Group. Terrameter LS 2 is the latest ABEM device used by the team to perform resistivity fieldwork. After team completed resistivity fieldwork, researcher has to retrieve result from device for technical report preparation. The number of resistivity reports are increasingly prepared to be published, so development of web-based database management system (DBMS) is purposed to manage and organize a large number of resistivity reports with moreefficiently. This web-based DBMS is also organizing and store details of clients that request forresistivity fieldwork. This part assists researcher to manage details of new resistivity fieldwork for the particular client's company on request. Keywords: electrical resistivity survey, web-based DBMS
159 CABARANPENGURUSANTEKNIKALLAMANWEBAGENSINUKLEAR MALAYSIA Nursuliza binti Samsudin, Norzalina bintiNasirudin, Mohd Dzul Aiman bin Aslan, Mohd Hasnor bin Hasan, Raja Murzaferi bin Raja Moktar, Siti Nurbahyah binti Hamdan, Mohamad Safuan bin Sulaiman, Khairiel Adyani binAbd.Ghani dan Shahrizan bin Saharudin ABSTRAK Laman web agensi adalah gerbang utama Agensi Nuklear Malaysia untuk menyampaikan maklumat kepada rakyat dan mematuhi keperluan inisiatif kerajaan digital. Pentadbir laman web terbahagi kepada dua jawatankuasa iaitu Jawatankuasa Pengurusan Kandungan dan Jawatankuasa Teknikal. Jawatankuasa Pengurusan Kandungan menyediakan kandungan yang relevan dan menarik, manakala Jawatankuasa Teknikal merancang, membangun, dan menjaga laman web untuk memastikan keselamatan siber dan pematuhan dengan Garis Panduan Pengurusan Laman Web Sektor Awam. Dalam menguruskan laman web agensi, pasukan teknikal menghadapi cabaran dalam meningkatkan infrastruktur, mengikuti perkembangan teknologi, dan memantau prestasi laman web serta berkolaborasi dengan pihak berkaitan untuk memastikan kefungsian laman web NUKLEAR MALAYSIA. Dengan kesedaran dan usaha yang berterusan, pentadbir laman web dapat menjadikan laman web ini berfungsi dengan baik sebagai medium penyampaian maklumat dan perkhidmatan kepada pengguna.
160 DESIGNING AND INSTALLATION OF INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) SYSTEM FOR SMART MUSHROOM HOUSE Mohamad Suhaimi Yahaya, Azhar Mohamad, Mohamad Safuan Sulaiman, Mohd Dzul Aiman Aslan, Nordin Salleh, Mohamad Fazreen Abdul Mutalib, Mohd Hafiz Abd Nasir, Juhari Yasiran, Sani Mohamad and Tan Pong Seng ABSTRAK Agrotechnology & Biosciences Division (BAB) has received development expenditure (DE) allocation to build smart mushroom house in 2022. This smart mushroom house is important to study the potential of mushroom to be commercialized and as a reference centre among the mushroom entrepreneurs. One of the features in smart mushroom house that has been developed was the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) system in parallel with industrial revolution (IR) 4.0. In this facility, the mushrooms that will be studied include the main commercial mushrooms in Malaysia such as Volvariella (Rice Straw), Pleurotus (Grey and White Oyster) and Auricularia (Black Jelly) mushrooms. The important parameters to be controlled in mushroom house are temperature, humidity level, light intensity and Carbon dioxide level. This paper will describethe design process and advantages of IOT system for smart mushroom house in order to control temperature and humidity level. Figure 1. Mushroom house located near to Block 46 Kompleks Dengkil
161 KEPENTINGAN PENYELENGGARAAN SISTEM MAKLUMAT DALAM KITARAN HAYAT PEMBANGUNAN SISTEM (SDLC) DAN PELAN KESINAMBUNGAN PERKHIDMATAN (PKP) AGENSI Siti Nurbahyah binti Hamdan, Mohamad Safuan bin Sulaiman, Maizura binti Ibrahim, Saa'idi bin Ismail, Amy Hamijah binti Ab Hamid, Mohd Hasnor bin Hasan, Sufian Norazam bin Mohamed Aris, Mohd Dzul Aiman bin Aslan, Nur Fatini binti Abd Ghani, Radhiah binti Jamalludin, Nursuliza binti Samsudin, Norzalina binti Nasirudin, Raja Murzaferi bin Raja Moktar dan Mohd Fauzi binHaris ABSTRAK Agensi Nuklear Malaysia (Nuklear Malaysia) merupakan peneraju utama dalam bidang penyelidikan dan pembangunan (R&D)sains dan teknologi nuklear di Malaysia. Di dalam industri negara, Nuklear Malaysia tidak ketinggalan turut memainkan peranan dengan memberikan perkhidmatan dan menghasilkan produk berasaskan teknologi sinaran yang memberi impak kepada ekonomi dan pembangunan negara. Justeru itu, Nuklear Malaysia memerlukan satu landskap sistem penyampaian yang efektif, reliable dan selamat sebagai tulang belakang agensi untuk menyokong aktiviti R&D, operasi, transaksi perkhidmatan dan perniagaan, proses pembuatan keputusan dan saluran penyampaian maklumat dan komunikasi untuk berinteraksi dengan pihak yang berkepentingan. Sistem maklumat Nuklear Malaysia dibangunkan dengan menggunakan metodologi kitaran hayat pembangunan sistem (System Development Life Cycle - SDLC). SDLC menyediakan rangka kerja berstruktur untuk menguruskan proses pengautomasian operasi dan proses perniagaan dalam agensi. Salah satu fasa penting dan fasa terakhir dalam SDLC ialah fasa penyelenggaraan. Fasa ini digunakan bagi memantau sistem yang telah dibangunkan berfungsi mengikut keperluan yang telah ditetapkan. Dalam fasa penyelenggaraan juga, kumpulan pembangunan sistem akan membetulkan sebarang ralat, memberi sokongan teknikal dan
162 mengenalpasti keperluan penambahbaikan kepada sistem yang perlu dilakukan bagi manfaat pengguna. Pada masa yang sama, Nuklear Malaysia turut melaksanakan pelan kesinambungan perkhidmatan sektor awam (PKP) bagi memastikan agensi dapat mengekalkan fungsi penting semasa menghadapi gangguan atau bencana. PKP penting untuk meminimumkan impak gangguan atau bencana ke atas sistem penyampaian yang boleh menjejaskan aktiviti utama agensi. Abstrak lanjutan ini meneroka peranan penting penyelenggaraan sistem dalam SDLC dan impaknya terhadap keberkesanan strategi PKP.
163 BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON THE RESEARCH TRENDS OF DUST EXPLOSIONS FROM THE YEAR 2001 TO 2023 Fazila binti Said, Yuganvarma Ramasamy and Almas Sayuni binti Syafei ABSTRACT Highly destructive combustible dust explosions, which is prone to cause secondary explosion, has been a concern in industrial processes. To understand the current development and status of research on dust explosions, 244 publications related to dust explosions from 2001 to 2023 were indexed through the Scopus database. All the articles resulted in the Scopus database were then screened based on selected keywords, open access, year, subject area, document type, publication stage, source type and language. The selected articles were then further sorted by availability to access the full article and issues regarding dust explosions. RStudio were used to visualize and analyze the collected literature information. China, United States of America, and United Kingdom are the major contributors in this field. Henan Polytechnic University, Delft University of Technology and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health are the top instutions that are carrying out the dust explosion research. In the year 2021 is the most annual scientific production regarding dust explosions followed by the year 2022 and 2017. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Powder Technology, Journal of Hazardous Materials, and Process Safety and Environmental Protection are the major sources of publications related to dust explosions. The research topic of dust explosions mainly evolves into three aspects: explosion characteristics and influencing factors, explosion suppression, and types of dust particles. New research hotspots have appeared related to gas–dust hybrid mixtures, nanomaterials, and powder suppressants. The results can help researchers in the dust explosion field to quickly determine the research frontier and the overall situation.
164 UTILIZING ONTOLOGY FOR MODELLING THE EXISTING PERSONNEL TRUSTWORTHINESS EVALUATION PROCESS Maizura binti Ibrahim and Mohamad Safuan bin Sulaiman ABSTRACT In Artificial Intelligent, the term ontology has largely come to mean one of two related things. Ontologies are content theories about the sorts of objects, properties of objects, and relations between objects that are possible in a specified domain of knowledge. They provide potential terms for describing our knowledge about the domain. In other words, ontology is defined as a shared understanding of some domain of interest, which is often realized as a set of classes (concepts), relations, functions, axioms, and instances. This paper reveals the result of a conceptual design process of an ontology for personnel trustworthiness evaluation. ABSTRAK Dalam bidang kepintaran buatan, istilah ontologi sebahagian besarnya membawa maksud satu daripada dua perkara yang berkaitan. Ontologi ialah teori kandungan tentang jenis objek, sifat objek, dan hubungan antara objek yang mungkin dalam domain pengetahuan tertentu. Mereka menyediakan istilah yang berpotensi untuk menerangkan pengetahuan kami tentang domain tersebut. Dalam erti kata lain, ontologi ditakrifkan sebagai pemahaman bersama tentang beberapa domain kepentingan, yang sering direalisasikan sebagai satu set kelas (konsep), hubungan, fungsi, aksiom, dan kejadian. Kertas kerja ini mendedahkan hasil proses reka bentuk konsep ontologi untuk penilaian kebolehpercayaan kakitangan.
165 PREPARATIVE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY: IMPURITIES REMOVAL TECHNIQUE R. Razali, Z. Adam, D. Jesus Arapoc, N. Shafie, A.H. Abd Aziz, A. Abdul Rahim Ossen, N. A. Marsiddi, H. Ahmad Hassali and V. Kasiraja ABSTRACT The chalcone is a simple chemical scaffold of many naturally occurring compounds and has a widespread distribution in vegetables, fruits, teas, and other plants. Chalcone is a key intermediate in the synthesis of flavonoids, which exhibit a wide range of biological activities (Santosh et al. 2017). Despite its importance, obtaining chalcone with high purity can be challenging due to the presence of impurities from the synthesis process. Purification is a process of removing impurities, contaminants or unwanted elements froma substance to make it cleaner, saferormore refined. The purity of a compound is crucial because it directly impacts the compound properties and its intended use. Preparative liquid chromatography (Prep-LC) offers an efficient and scalable solution for the purification of chalcone, allowing for the isolation of the compound from impurities with high selectivity and yield (Yanping et al. 2008). Prep-LC is a type of chromatography that is used to separate and purify larger amounts of a desired compound from a mixture. It is commonly used in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and chemical industries to isolate and purify compounds for further use or analysis. In preparative liquid chromatography, a sample mixture is passed through a column filled with a stationary phase that interacts with the different components of the mixture to varying degrees. The components are separated based on their different affinities for the stationary phase, and the desired component(s) are collected in pure form as they elute from the column.
166 Prep-LC is different fromanalytical liquid chromatography, which is used for analyzing small amounts of compounds in a mixture. In analytical liquid chromatography, the goal is to separate and identify different components of a mixture, while in Prep-LC, the goal is to isolate and purify a specific compound in larger quantities. Prep-LC is a powerful tool for the production of pure compounds, but it requires appropriate optimization ofthe chromatography conditions, including the choice of stationary and mobile phases, column dimensions, and flow rate, to achieve the desired separation and purity (G. Guiochon 2002).
167 PRE-TREATMENT WITH RNASE A IN CYTOKINESIS BLOCK MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY FOR ANALYSIS USING AUTOMATED SYSTEM Juliana Mahamad Napiah, Rahimah Abdul Rahim, Nurul Nazeerah Juarimi and Noraisyah Mohd Yusof ABSTRACT The dicentric chromosome assay is the “gold standard” in biodosimetry for estimating radiation exposure, meanwhile the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is a comprehensive technique for measuring DNA damage, including lymphocytes. CBMN assay is a simple and an alternative way for indicator of chromosome damage. It is because researchers only need to measure visible micronuclei (MN) in binucleated cells, micronuclei analysis is much easier than metaphase chromosome aberration analysis. The micronucleus technique was proposed as a reliable method for measuring chromosomal damage caused by cytotoxic agents “in vivo” (Fenech and Morley, 1985) and very useful in a large radiation accident case because of its simplified technique and much easier to analysis. Treatment with RNase A is a pretreatment step in the protocol to remove any residual RNA present. Objective of this study to prove RNase A is a treatment that very useful for analyse binucleated cell using automated analysis system. Automated system is more sensitive to analyse image compared to manual microscope. Digital image analysis tools help automate and quantify findings, reducing or eliminating manual work and providing more objective and quicker input to the final diagnosis compared to traditional microscopy. It helps handle high sample volumes efficiently, improving productivity and reducing turnaround time.
168 KHIDMAT PENGELUARAN PUNCA TERKEDAP IRIDIUM-192 KEPADA INDUSTRI RADIOGRAFI 2008 – 2023 Siti Selina Abdul Hamid, Mohd Hafiz Ishak, Wan Mohd Ferdaus Wan Ishak dan Azahari Kasbollah ABSTRAK Pusat Khidmat Bekalan Radioisotop (BRI), Bahagian Teknologi Perubatan (BTP) mempunyai kepakaran dalam pemasangan punca terkedap Iridium-192 (Ir-192). Ir-92 adalah sejenis bahan radioaktif berjangka hayat 73.83 hari dan menyusut kepada zarah beta dan sinar gama. Pada tahun 2008, BRI bekerjasama dengan sebuah syarikat ujian tanpa musnah (NDT) iaitu Syarikat Edaran Prestasi dalam menawarkan perkhidmatan pemasangan punca terkedap Ir-192. Sel aktif di BTP telah diubah suai khusus untuk pemasangan dan pengeluaran Ir-192 berdasarkan teknologi yang diperolehi daripada Korea. Punca Ir-192 yang diimport dari Korea adalah dalam bentuk double encapsulated disc. Ir-192 yang dikeluarkan di BTP digunapakai dalam bidang radiografi industri iaitu bagi ujian tanpa musnah untuk mengenalpasti keretakan atau kebocoran paip dalam sektor industri terutamanya industri minyak dan gas. Objektif kertas kerja ini adalah untuk melaporkan pengeluaran Ir-192 yang telah dilaksanakan di BTP semenjak dari tahun 2008 hingga 2023.
169 PROSES PEMASANGAN PUNCA TERKEDAP IRIDIUM-192 UNTUK INDUSTRI RADIOGRAFI DI MAKMAL PENGELUARAN IRIDIUM-192, BAHAGIAN TEKNOLOGI PERUBATAN Siti Selina binti Abdul Hamid, Wan Firdaus bin Wan Ishak, Mohd Hafiz bin Ishak dan Azahari bin Kasbollah ABSTRACT The installation of the Ir-192 sealed source in the hot cell is based on technology tranferred to Nuclear Malaysia namely the Medical Technlogy Division (BTP), from the Korean Atomic Energy Agency Research Institute (KAERI) and Ho Jin Industry Ltd. The use of BTP's production facilities for the installation of an Ir-192 sealed source is authorised by the Department of Atomic Energy.The procedures for putting Ir-192 into source charger, which will be used in the industrial radiography, are described in thisstudy. A pictureofserial number pigtail is taken for record-keeping and security reasons, and each task must independently validated. In conclusion, competence is required to install an Ir-192 sealed source correctly and to preventleaksto the Ir-192 sealed source. Keywords: Iridium-192, Installation, Competence