Chemi brochure

Uses of Transition Element in









Various Industries














Name : Cindy Tan Xin Yue








Class: 4 Einstein

Objectives














✓Determine the position of transition elements in the Periodic



Table of Elements







✓Explain the special characteristics of a few transition elements



with examples








✓List the uses of the transition elements in industry

Iron





-located in group 8,period 4


-melting point 1,538 degree Celsius


-boiling point 2,862 degree Celsius

-ductile


-gray


-good conductor of heat and electricity




Uses as catalyse in the Haber process







+WHAT IS THE ROLE OF CATALYSTS



-catalysts work by catalytic pathways into the reaction.


-they increase the frequency of collisions between reactants but do not


change their physical or chemical properties.


-catalysts speed up a chemical reaction by lowering the amount of heat

+WHY USE IRON


-iron is a cheap catalysts


-iron is a good catalysts because it can lend electrons or withdraw electrons

from the reagent, depending on the nature of the reaction.


-iron help to achieve an acceptable yield in an acceptable time


-iron increase the reactivity between nitrogen and hydrogen to make ammonia





+WHAT IS HABER PROCESS


-an industrial process for producing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen,


using an iron catalyst at high temperature and pressure


-also called the Haber-Bosch process


-the reaction is carried out at pressures ranging from 200 to 400 atmospheres

and at temperatures ranging from 400°C to 650° C (750° to 1200° F)


-it involve a reversible reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen

+USES OF AMMONIA



-used in wastewater treatment, leather, rubber, paper, food and


beverage industries


-used cold storage or refrigeration systems and in the


production of pharmaceuticals

Copper



-located in group 11,period 4


-melting point 1,083 degree Celsius


-boiling point 2,567 degree Celsius

-malleable


-ductile

-excellent conductor of heat and electricity

Used in electrical wiring







+WHY USE COPPER



-has low resistivity, the lower the level of resistivity, the more electrical

conductivity


-does not rust


-does not react with water in room temperature and can be hammered or bent

into shape


- excellent conductor of electricity, this means electricity can pass through it with


greater ease

+HOW COPPER CONDUCT ELECTRICITY


-connect a copper wire to a battery and a switch


-electrons have a negative charge. They are attracted to the positive end of the

battery. The free electrons move through the copper, flowing from the negative to


positive terminal of the battery


-the copper ions in the wire vibrate and the electricity is transferred

+WHERE DOES COPPER WIRE USE



-copper wires are used in mains cables in



houses and underground


- used in power generation, power


transmission, power distribution,


telecommunications, electronics circuitry and


electrical equipment

Chromium

-located in group 6,period 4


-melting point 1,907 degree Celsius

-boiling point 2,617 degree Celsius


-brittle


-lustrous

-steely-grey
Used for electroplating







+WHAT IS ELECTROPLATING



-the process involves depositing material using an electric current

-this process results in a thin layer of metal being deposited onto


the surface of a workpiece called the substrate


-electroplating is primarily used to change the physical properties

of an object


- this process can be used to give objects increased wear


resistance, corrosion protection or aesthetic appeal, as well as


increased thickness

+WHY USE CHROMIUM IN ELECTROPLATING



-has a high melting point, stable crystalline structure, and moderate thermal

expansion


-produce a shiny, hard surface


-does not corrode

-it resists scratches +CHROME PLATING PROCESS



1.) electroplating is achieved by passing an


electric current between two electrodes


which are immersed in an electrolyte bath

comprising of chromic acid.


2.) one of the electrodes will be the substrate


which is to be plated.


3.) during the flow of electricity between the


two electrodes, chromium atoms are

deposited in a layer on the electrode to be


plated.

+ADVANTAGES OF CHROME PLATING


- creates a barrier on the substrate, protecting it against


environmental conditions


-improve the strength and durability of substrate materials,


making them less susceptible to damage from stress or rough

-help increase the lifespan of plated parts, reducing the need for


replacement.





+WHERE IS THE CHROME PLATING USE


-hydraulic cylinders and pistons


-automotive and mechanical components

References





➢https://www.bbc.co.uk

➢https://www.molpi.com


➢https://www.hunker.com


➢https://brainly.in

➢https://www.deltaspecialty


➢https://en.Wikipedia.org

➢https://www.chemicool.com


➢https://www.lenntech.com

Appreciation






I would like to show my appreciation to my Chemistry teacher ,

Miss Yuu for imparting me with her wealth of knowledge,valuable


guidance and experience.





Besides that , I would also like to say thank you to my friends


for helping me by giving me some ideas . Without their help , I

can’t complete my work and hand it on time . Other than that ,I


would also like to apologise if there is any mistake in this


brochure .





By doing this , I had learnt the uses of several transition

elements such as iron use as catalysts in Haber Process , copper


use in electrical wiring and chromium use in electroplating .The


moral value that I had learnt is hard-working so we can know

more about the properties and the uses of the element.