moodel

Chapter 12: Lesson 194

Figure 12-9 Adding true/false question page

Chapter 12: Lesson 195

Moving your lesson forward

• Once you have added your first content or question page, you reach the next screen
which displays your page title/type/jumps (i.e. where the responses take the student to)
and actions you can take next.

• The Actions icons allow you to move (if you have more than one), edit, and preview or
delete your pages.

• The drop down allows you to create another page of your choice:

Figure 12-10 Collapsed view of Edit lesson page

• Note the different view options:
– Collapsed view: This gives a brief outline of the lesson structure.
– Expanded view: This shows more detail as in the screenshot below:

Figure 12-11 Expanded view of the edit lesson page

Ending your lesson

• To bring the lesson to a close, select the “End of Lesson” option from the Jump menu on
any relevant pages.

• The student will then see a generic message as in the next screenshot, with a direction
back to the main course page or to view their grades:

Chapter 12: Lesson 196

Figure 12-12 End of lesson

Managing Lessons

When you click on the lesson then you will see tabs at the top offering the chance to preview,
edit, view reports or grade essays in the lesson.

• Preview Tab: The lesson opens up in preview mode for the teacher. However, it will not
show the score unless the teacher switches their role to a student.

• Edit Tab: The Edit tab allows teachers to alter the lesson once it has been set up. There are
two views - Collapsed and Expanded.

• Reports Tab: The reports tab shows the performance of students taking the lesson. There
is a general “Overview” and a “Detailed Statistics” tab.
– Overview Tab: By clicking on the specific attempt, the teacher can view the student’s
answers to specific questions. It is also possible to delete a student attempt by
checking the attempt and using the pull down menu to change “Choose” to “Delete”.
Below the “Overview” can also be seen general statistics: Average score, Average
time, High score, Low score, High time, Low time.
– Detailed Statistics: More detailed reports on individual questions are available from
this tab.

• Grade essays Tab: Any essay questions which have been set in the lesson can be accessed
and graded here.

As students complete the lesson, their scores will be recorded in the gradebook. If you’ve allowed
students to attempt each lesson multiple times, their scores may change as they repeat the lesson.

Lesson capabilities

The lesson module has only two capabilities:

• Edit a lesson activity - This allows a user to edit a lesson. If you create a blank lesson and
allow students to edit it, they can create a new lesson for the rest of the class.

• Manage a lesson activity - This allows a user to manage a lesson and grade essay questions.

Figure 12-13 Grading an essay

Chapter 12: Lesson 197

Effective Lesson Practices

Lessons can be an interesting change of pace for your students. They may require more upfront
development time than many other types of tools, but they do provide some benefits. The two
basic lesson types, branching quizzes and flash cards, are relatively easy to set up.

Branching Quizzes

The most basic lesson structure is a branching quiz. You use branches to organize sets of questions
around different topics or concepts in your course. Each branch of the quiz leads to a linear series
of pages and test questions, then returns to the main branch.

The main-branch page acts as a table of contents for the lesson, if you decide to build this type
of lesson, be sure to include a link to the end on the main page. If not, the students will have no
way of ending the lesson and recording their scores.

If you create a lesson with a branch table and strings of questions, be sure to set a reasonable
minimum number of questions. Otherwise, students will be able to visit one branch and receive
a maximum score for the lesson, even though they didn’t look at any other branches.

Figure 12-14 Branching quiz schematic

To create a branching quiz:

Chapter 12: Lesson 198

1. Create the lesson and the first question page by following the instructions.
2. Create a question page for the first question in each branch.
3. Create a branch table with a branch for each of the questions you just created.
4. Be sure to make the last branch a link to the end of the lesson.
5. After you’ve saved the branching table, move it to the top of the pages list.
6. Under the first question for the first branch, create the second question page for the next

step in the branch.
7. Fill in the question page for the second question. Put the correct answer in the first answer

slot if you are creating a true/false or multiple-choice question.
8. Continue adding questions to the branch until you are finished.
9. Add an end of branch after the last question in the branch.
10. Below the first question for the each of the remaining branches, repeat steps 6 through 9.
11. When you have added all your pages, review your lesson by clicking the Check Navigation

link.

Flash Cards

Flash cards can be a useful way to practice recalling basic facts and definitions. Flash cards
allow students to practice rapidly recalling definitions as an initial step toward learning how to
communicate in a new field. The lesson module can act like a deck of flash cards, presenting
either the whole deck or a subset of cards to students when they want to study the new terms.
Each question page is a separate card, and students can rapidly react to each one in turn. This
is a very different structure than the branching quizzes. Setting up a flash-card lesson requires
specifying options when you first create the lesson.

To create a flash-card lesson:

1. Follow steps 1 through 4 for creating a lesson in the “Creating a Lesson” section.
2. Consider setting a low value for the maximum grade. You want to reward students for

using the flash cards but also make them a valuable learning tool.
3. Use the following options:

1. Maximum grade: Consider setting a low value for the maximum grade. You want to
reward students for using the flash cards but also make the cards a valuable learning
tool.

2. Student can re-take: Unless you have a very specific reason for limiting re-takes, it’s
best to set this to yes. Flash cards are used to practice recalling information rapidly.
Save the assessment of students’ recall skills for a quiz.

3. Handling of re-takes: If you set this to use maximum, it will encourage students to
reuse the flash cards to attempt to get the maximum score.

4. Action after correct answer: Set this to unseen or unanswered. This tells the lesson
module you don’t want it to present the next page in order.

5. Minimum number of questions: Keep this at zero. The students shouldn’t have a
choice about the number of cards they see.

Chapter 12: Lesson 199

6. Number of pages (cards) to show: If you want to limit the number of questions
students see each time they practice with the cards, set this to a nonzero number.
Make it large enough to give students enough practice, but not so large that they
become fatigued by the sheer volume of questions.

4. Once you save the lesson options, simply create question pages. The order doesn’t matter.
You’re basically creating a deck of questions to draw from. Once you’ve created the deck of
flash cards, you can release it to your students so they can practice answering the questions
you’ve created.

Creative Lesson uses

While branching quizzes and flash cards are interesting applications, there is a hidden potential
in the lesson module that makes it much more interesting than it at first appears. If you take
advantage of the ability of each answer in a question page to link to any other page, you can
create branching Choose Your Own Adventure-style simulations or case studies.

Self-directed learning of a new topic

Use the lesson to introduce a new topic. The learner starts out knowing nothing but can progress
at his own pace, reviewing what he is not sure of and moving on when he feels ready.

Allow for different learning styles

When using the lesson to introduce a new topic, offer pages that deliver the content in different
ways, according to how the students prefer to learn. For example the button “do you prefer to
read?” goes to a page of text; “do you prefer to watch a video?” goes to a screencast; “do you
prefer to listen to instructions?” - goes to a podcast and so on.

Role play simulations/Decision-making exercises

Use the lesson to set up situations where the learner has to make a choice each time and the
scenario changes according to their selection. This could be a medical emergency for example,
deciding upon the correct treatment, or a customer relations exercise, learning how best to deal
with an awkward client. In an educational establishment it could serve well in Humanities
subjects considering moral/ethical issues.

Interactive fiction

For younger (and not so younger!) students, the lesson can be used to create a “choose your own
ending” type of story where the student reads a page (or even watches a video/listens to an audio
file) and then decides upon the character’s next move. Apart from the entertainment value of
this, it could be used to help guide pre-teens to behave responsibly by taking decisions for a
character that is in a potentially dangerous situation.

Chapter 12: Lesson 200

Differentiated revision guides

Students can be taken to different sets of revision questions according to their answers, allowing
them to progress from basic to intermediate to advance according to their prior knowledge.

Summary

A lesson activity is self-directed learning tool. The lesson activity’s adaptive ability is what makes
it unique. Questions in a lesson can be used to create branch points where students are taken
down different paths in the lesson depending on how they answer the question. When each
answer to a question takes a student to a different series of pages, the lesson becomes a self-
directed teaching tool.

Chapter 13: Wikis

A wiki is a collection of collaboratively authored web documents. A good example of such a tool
is WikiPedia which has become a knowledge encyclopedia for world information. Basically, a
wiki page is a web page everyone in your class can create together, right in the browser, without
needing to know HTML. A wiki starts with one front page. Each author can add other pages to
the wiki by simply creating a link to a page that doesn’t exist yet.
A wiki is indeed a fast method for creating content as a group. It’s a hugely popular format
on the Web for creating documents as a group. There is usually no central editor of a wiki, no
single person who has final editorial control. Instead, the community edits and develops its own
content. Consensus views emerge from the work of many people on a document.
In Moodle, wikis can be a powerful tool for collaborative work. The entire class can edit a
document together, creating a class product, or each student can have their own wiki and work
on it with you and their classmates. You can also consider using wikis for online collaborative
assignments ranging from peer reviewing of papers to group reports, to even a new Wikipedia
like page based upon your course or a single assignment learning outcomes.
A history of previous versions of each page in the wiki is kept, listing the edits made by each
participant.
Wikis have many uses, such as

• For group lecture notes or study guides
• For members of a faculty to plan a scheme of work or meeting agenda together
• For students to collaboratively author an online book, creating content on a topic set by

their tutor
• For collaborative storytelling or poetry creation, where each participant writes a line or

verse
• As a personal journal for examination notes or revision (using an individual wiki)

Creating Wikis

Creating a wiki is very simple and most of the work involved with creating wikis becomes easier
once you start using them.
To add a wiki to your course:

• Click Turn Editing On if you are not already in the editing mode.
• Click ‘Add an activity or resource’ link, then in the activity chooser, select “Wiki” and click

the Add button.

201

Chapter 13: Wikis 202

Figure 13-1 Adding a new wiki

• Enter a name* and describe the purpose of the wiki and what you expect students to
contribute in the description* field.

• The wiki mode determines whether everyone can edit the wiki - a collaborative wiki - or
whether everyone has their own wiki which only they can edit - an individual wiki.

• Enter the first page name of the Wiki in the “First Page Name”* field.
• In the Format Section, you can set the Format of the Wiki. There are 3 options to choose

from:
– HTML- The HTML editor is available
– Creole - A common wiki markup language for which a small edit toolbar is available
– Nwiki - Mediawiki-like markup language used in the contributed Nwiki module.

• If the format is forced (checkbox ticked), there is no option to choose a format when editing
a wiki page.

• In the “Common Module Settings” section, You can choose to either completely hide the
Wiki from students by choosing Hide in the Visible dropdown.
– You can also set an ID number: Setting an ID number provides a way of identifying
the activity for grade calculation purposes.

Chapter 13: Wikis 203

– The group mode defined at course level is the default mode for all activities within
the course. Each activity that supports groups can also define its own group mode,
though if the group mode is forced at course level, the group mode setting for each
activity is ignored. This setting has 3 options:
* No groups - There are no sub groups, everyone is part of one big community
* Separate groups - Each group member can only see their own group, others are
invisible
* Visible groups - Each group member works in their own group, but can also see
other groups

– A grouping is a collection of groups within a course. If a grouping is selected, students
assigned to groups within the grouping will be able to work together.

• Click Save and Display at the Bottom of the page.

There are two wiki types (modes), collaborative and individual. In addition, like any activity, the
wiki has the Moodle group modes: “No Groups”, “Separate Groups” and “Visible Groups”.

According to the wiki mode and the group options selected by you the format of wiki which will
be displayed to the students and the permissions for them will be different.

• Collaborative
– No Groups: There is only one wiki. The teacher and all students can view and edit
this wiki.
– Separate Groups: There is one wiki per group. Students can view and edit the wiki
of their own group only.
– Visible Groups: There is one wiki per group. Students can change the wiki of their
own group only. They can view the wikis for all groups.

• Individual
– No Groups: Every student has their own wiki which only they and their teacher can
view and edit.
– Separate Groups: Every student has their own wiki, which only they and their teacher
can edit. Students can view the wikis of other students in their group.
– Visible Groups: Every student has their own wiki, which only they and their teacher
can edit. Students can view the wikis of all other students in the course.

Creating first page of your wiki

After you create the wiki activity, Moodle will itself take you to the first page; there also you can
change the format of the wiki. Click “Create Page” to proceed.
On the edit page screen:

• Enter the content of the first page of your wiki in the HTML format field, if you are using
the HTML format.

• You can use the Moodle’s native HTML editor for showcasing your content.

Adding more pages:

Chapter 13: Wikis 204

• Type the name of your page inside double brackets. (as shown in fig 11-2 below) You can
preview it by clicking the “preview” button towards the bottom of the screen.

• Press the “save” button.

• Now click the (red) link for one of the pages (as shown in screenshot below) and you will
be prompted to create it in the same way you create the first page.

• A page once created has a blue link.

If you use the New option from the navigation block you will still need to copy and paste
the name of the new page onto the immediate parent page and surround it with double
brackets. This creates a link to your new page and makes it accessible from the main
Wiki page. Otherwise nobody will recognize the so called lost new page.

Editing Wiki activity

Depending on the type of the wiki, there are several ways to edit your page. The best thing of a
wiki is, that nothing is lost. The old version will be there - and if someone changes your version
of the page - your version will also be there.

Chapter 13: Wikis 205

Figure 13-2 Editing a wiki page

The options for editing, commenting viewing history, map and files may all be accessed both
from tabs at the top and links in the navigation block:

• View: The View tab at the top or link in the navigation block allows users to display and
view the wiki page.

• Edit: The Edit tab at the top or link in the navigation block allows users to edit the wiki
page.

• Comments: The Comments tab at the top or link in the navigation block allows users to
see and add comments about the wiki.

• History: The History tab at the top or link in the navigation block allows users to see what
has been altered in the wiki. You can compare the edits by clicking the “Compare Selected”

Chapter 13: Wikis 206

button. You can also restore by clicking the “Restore” button of the version you wish to
restore if the latest edit is unsuitable as shown in the figure 11-4.

• Map: The Map tab at the top or link in the navigation block allows users to view areas of
the wiki such as a list of pages (as in the following screenshot), updated or orphaned pages
etc. To select what you want to see, click the Map menu dropdown box.

• Files: The Files tab at the top or link in the navigation block allows users to access any files
which have been added to the wiki. By default, the Teacher role can add and manage files
to the Files tab, but the Student role can only view them. You could change this though
with a permissions override to the Manage wiki files capability (mod/wiki:managefiles) in
any particular wiki.

• Administration: The Administration tab at the top or link in the navigation block is
available to editing teachers in the course so they can delete page versions or selected
pages. Clicking the “list all” button will list available pages to delete. The first page of the
wiki cannot be deleted.

Figure 13-3 Viewing a wiki page

Wiki capabilities

• Create new wiki pages: This allows a user to create new pages in a wiki. This capability is
allowed for the default roles of manager, teacher, non-editing teacher and student

• Add comments to pages: This allows a user to add a comment to wiki pages. This capability
is allowed for the default roles of manager, teacher, non-editing teacher and student.

• Save wiki pages: This allows a user to edit the wiki pages. This capability is allowed for
the default roles of manager, teacher, non-editing teacher and student.

• Manage wiki comments: This allows a user to delete comments on wiki pages. This
capability is allowed for the default roles of manager, teacher and non-editing teacher.

• Manage wiki files: This allows a user to manage, delete files attached to the wiki. This
capability is allowed for the default roles of manager, teacher and non-editing teacher.

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Figure 13-4 History of a wiki page

• Manage wiki settings: This allows a user to edit the wiki settings. This capability is allowed
for the default roles of manager, teacher and non-editing teacher.

• Override wiki locks: This allows a user to override locked wiki pages. This capability is
allowed for the default roles of administrator, teacher and non-editing teacher.

• View page comments: This allows a user to view comments on wiki pages. This capability
is allowed for the default roles of manager, teacher, non-editing teacher and student.

• View wiki pages: This allows a user to view the wiki pages. This capability is allowed for
the default roles of manager, teacher, non-editing teacher and student.

If you have group wiki projects, consider assigning the “Override locked pages”
capability to the students so they can manage their own wikis.

Effective Wiki practices

Wikis are gaining popularity as a collaborative tool in many environments. There are now several
commercial vendors offering wikis for group collaboration in corporate settings. Many social web
sites also have wikis to allow their members to collaborate on documents. Effective management
practices are the key to a wiki’s success. You’ll need to think about your wiki’s editorial policy,
as well as its educational objectives.

Chapter 13: Wikis 208

Figure 13-5 A Version diff

Wiki basics

Wikis are a simple, flexible tool for collaboration. They can be used for everything from simple
lists of web links to building entire encyclopedias. Wikipedia is the largest wiki in the world
(http://www.wikipedia.org). The entire Wikipedia site is written by volunteers from around the
world. An article is started by someone with an interest in the subject, and then anyone in the
community can add content, edit other people’s work, or add another page elaborating on a
sub-topic. It has become so large and so frequently used that there is a lively debate about how
authoritative a collaborative work without a central editor can be.

Of course, wikis in your own class won’t be that extensive. But it’s important to have a plan for
your wiki before you release it to the class. Students need to know the purpose of the wiki and
how it fits in with the class. If it’s a personal wiki, will they be graded? Is it simply a staging
area for group work that will be submitted later? Students need to know so they can submit
appropriate work. A brainstorming wiki is very different from one that will be submitted for a
grade.

You’ll also need to decide on an editing policy. Will you be a central editor? Or will you let the
students be completely responsible for the work? How will you deal with offensive content?

In most circumstances, you’ll find that you can trust students. But on the rare occasion a student
does do something offensive, you will need to have a policy to deal with it. Will you roll back
the changes by that author? Or will you create a new version by deleting her content? Creating
a new version leaves a trail you can use for evidence later, but it also makes it easier for the
perpetrator to restore her comments.

Creative wiki practices

The free-form, collaborative nature of wikis makes them easy to apply in creative ways. Any
sort of group process can be facilitated using a wiki.

Chapter 13: Wikis 209

Group lecture notes

Creating a wiki for group lecture notes after a lecture gives students a chance to combine all
their notes. Those that missed information can get it from their peers. The group can also decide
what information is critical and give it proper emphasis. Group lecture notes could be done with
the entire class, if it is small enough, or with small working groups. Groups can also compare
notes for further discussion and refinement.

Group Project management

A teacher assigning a group project can give students a place to work by creating a wiki with the
group mode enabled. This will give each group their own space to record research, to develop
outlines and to create the final product.

Idea Generation

Idea generation is a non-judgmental group creative process in which group members are
encouraged to give voice to any ideas they personally consider relevant to the group exercise. In
a face-to-face meeting, a facilitator will usually stand in front of a big piece of paper and elicit
ideas from the participants in the room. A teacher can create an online version of this process by
setting up a wiki for the entire class or for smaller student groups and asking people to submit
ideas around a topic. People can add ideas as they occur and link to other pages for elaboration.

Contribute to other wikis

A teacher might assign his or her class the task of contributing to Wikipedia, Wikiversity, or to
another wiki on the Web, on any class topic, perhaps by assigning students to groups (or making
it a class project if the class is small enough and the topic broad enough) and challenging them to
collaboratively create an article they would feel confident posting to a public-information space.
Students will use the course wiki to create drafts of the article they will eventually publish to the
community at the end of the semester.

Collaborative story-telling

Younger students could be encouraged to work together on a wiki to build up a story -each adding
a sentence following on from the previous contribution.

Summary

Wikis can be used to help promote group-based learning by providing spaces for students to
work together to create pages built on ideas, constructive feedback, and current projects. Wikis
are flexible tools for collaboration that you can implement to improve your course and students’
understanding of the material. In the next chapter we will take a look on Blogs and how it inspires
course participants for purposeful online writing.