TRANSPORT INFORMATION SYSTEM: RFID IN LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORTATION IN MALAYSIA

RADIO FREQUENCY

IDENTIFICATION

(RFID) JUN 2021

TRANSPORT #MEANING
INFORMATION #FUNCTION
#ADVANTAGES
STRYRFSIADTNEISMNP:LOORGTIASTTIIOCNS AND #DISADVANTAGES
#EXAMPLE
IN MALAYSIA #CURRENT SCENARIO
DUE TO COVID- 19
PANDEMIC

UNIVERSITY
UTARA

MALAYSIA

GROUP PROJECT: BPMG3043 TRANSPORT
INFORMATION SYSTEM
EB-YM:AGGRAOZUINPE 8
(EIGHT) (GROUP C)

Author

Muhammad Haikal Bin Pakhru-Razi
261966

Operations Management
016-932 2849

Siow Tong En
279874
Logistics and Transportation
017-825 6638

Nurul Azmira Binti Mohd Razip
264117

Decision Sciences
014-616 2051

Wong Soo Wen
276956
Logistics and Transportation
011-1157 8211

Chen Cah Wah
281113

Logistics and Transportation
0 18-277 5663

Nurul Fahira Fazleen Binti Che Abas
270883
Logistics and Transportation
011-1940 6298

Dear readers,
greeting to all of

you!

Firstly, we are thankful because we are
given an opportunity to take part in this
project. This is a good chance for us to
learn more depth on transport planning
and policy by establishing our own
magazine. In this acknowledge segment,
we are grateful to our respectable
lecturer, Sir Mazri Bin Yaakob, whose
insightful leadership and knowledge
benefited us to complete this project
successfully. Thank you so much for your
continuous support and presence
whenever needed for enhance our
magazine. Without his kind direction and
proper guidance this magazine would not
be success. On this occasion as well,
would like to thank everyone who is
involved in the project directly or
indirectly.

Last but not least, we would like to thank
to all group members who have
contributed in completing this magazine.
The successful completion of this project
is the evidence of the positive cooperation
and information sharing among the
group members. Above all, we would like
to thank the Great Almighty for always
having his blessing on us.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

01

01 THE MEANING OF TRANSPORT
INFORMATION SYSTEM
02 Main components of Information System
03 Meaning of Transport and Logistics
04 Transport Information System in Malaysia

05

05 RFID

06 Background of RFID
07 The meaning of RFID
08 The different between RFID and Barcode
09 The type of RFID

10

10 THE COMPONENTS FUNCTION OF RFID
13 RFID works in Toll
15 RFID works in Warehouse

16

16 THE ADVANTAGES OF RFID
20 The Advantages of RFID Tag

22 34

22 THE DISADVANTAGES OF RFID

28 Interference and Reading 34 CURRENT SCENARIO FOR RFID

Considerations and Privacy Concerns SYSTEM DUE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC

29 35 What is Covid-19
36 Application for RFID in the fight

29 TNG RFID TAG against COVID-19
30 Moving Towards a Gateless Gantry Toll 37 How can RFID technology help
31 Inventories and Warehouses during covid-19

32 RFID in warehouse 38
33 Understanding RFID Technology
38 CONCLUSION

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 01

"Transport Information System"

Information System (IS)
BY: SIOW TONG EN

An Information System (IS) is defined as a collection,
stockpile and analysis data to provide information and

knowledge from a set of components.
Information Systems (IS) is the study of complementary
networks of hardware, software and telecommunications
that people apply to collect, process, distribute useful data
and store to support the decision making in an organization.

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 02

Transport Information System
Information System

*Computer
Hardware

*Computer
Software

*Telecom- *Data
munications Warehouse

*Databases *Procedures

*Human
recources

*Information
Technology

There have 8 main components of Information
System (IS)

TRANSPORT INFORMATION

SYSTEM (RFID) | 03
1 LogisticsTRANSPORT

Transport is a movement of people or goods from one place to

one place. Transport means the movement is fulfilled. The

ability and the need to carry vast volumes of goods or large

groups of people over long distances in comfort and safety has

grown as a society and technical development has progressed.

2Logistics means the generalhowmilitaryforces
method of managing how
resources are obtained,
processed, and delivered to
their final destination is
referred to as logistics. The
word "logistics" was coined
by the military to describe
collected, handled, and

transported equipment and

supplies. The term is now

commonly used in the

business world to describe

3 how resources are managed
and transported across the
supply chain.

Hence, when transport attach with
Information System (IS), it will
transfer the data or information to
that people. This means that the
Transport Information System
(TIS) will arise, and it will be a

useful, realistic, functional system

in logistics and transportation

sector.

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 04

TRANSPORT
INFORMATION SYSTEM
(TIS) IN MALAYSIA

In fact, Transport Information Moreover, there have a lot of Transport
System (TIS) in Malaysia is more Information System (TIS) using in
relate to Integrated Transport Malaysia. For instance, Radio-frequency
Information System (ITIS). Identification (RFID), blockchain
Integrated Transport Information technology, Global Positioning System
System (ITIS)’s main goals are to (GPS), Artificial Intelligence (AI), digital
detect disruptive traffic occurrences twins and so forth.
early and, in coordination with first
responders, clear the obstructions Therefore, Radio-frequency Identification
quickly so that regular traffic flows (RFID) is the theme we choose in this topic
may be resumed. which attach with Transport Information
System (TIS) in Logistics and
Transportation in Malaysia.

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 05

INFORMATION Charles Walton
SYSTEM YEAR 1983

Radio-frequency NOW
Identification
(RFID)

RFID

RFID was officially invented in 1983 by Charles Walton
when he filed the first patent with the word ‘RFID’.
NFC started making the headlines in 2002 and has since
then continued to develop.

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 06

SOMETHING YOU NEED BE AWARE ABOUT...

RFID

RFID is a technology has been applied in a variety of
industries, including production, where it can used to
control or manage commodities and inventories as well
as data identification in travel like passports or airline

luggage.

In reality, many of us apply RFID on a daily basis
without realizing it. In addition to credit cards that may
be waved to pay goods, RFID is also used in workplace

access cards and season parking or housing entrance
pass cards for automobiles.

Moreover, RFID has a large-scale adoption across a
variety of platform scope. It provides good, consistent
signaling with quick reaction times. Besides, the tags are
very inexpensive to install. Scanning range can cover a
large area and long distance, but it is depending on the

system and necessity.

TRANSPORT INFORMATION SYSTEM TRANSPORT
INFORMATION
RFID SYSTEM (RFID)

| 07

MEANING > FULL TERM>

RFID RADIO-FREQUENCY
IDENTIFICATION (RFID)
    FID is a is the non-contact
R FID also known as Radio-
R frequency Identification.

wireless data transmission using
radio frequency waves. Users
may automatically and uniquely

identify and track inventories

and assets by tagging them with

RFID tags. RFID advances auto-

ID technology by allowing tags

to be read without requiring line

of sight, with read ranges

ranging from a few centimeters

to over 20 meters and above

depending on the type of RFID.

RFID is an automated

identification method that allows

data to be communicated from a

miniature silicon chip at MEANING >
extremely high rates and
without the requirement for line RFID READER
of sight, as required by barcodes.
    FID reader is the brain of the RFID system and is needed for it to

R

work. Reader also known as interrogators, are devices that

RFID has gone a long way since communicate with RFID tags by transmitting and receiving radio tags.
its original use in World War II, RFID readers will be divided into two main types, which are Fixed RFID
when it was used to determine readers and mobile RFID readers.

whether planes were friendly or Fixed readers are often fixed on walls, desks, gateways, or other
hostile. Not only is technology immovable positions and stay in one place. For example, warehouse
improving year after year, but using.
the cost of adopting and

operating an RFID system is also Mobile readers are mobile devices that enable for RFID tag scanning
decreasing, making RFID more flexibility while also communicating with a host computer or smart
cost-effective and efficient. RFID device. Mobile RFID readers are divided into two categories: readers
readers will be divided into two with an inbuilt computer, known as Mobile Computing Devices, and
main type, which are Fixed RFID readers that link to a smart device or tablet through Bluetooth,
readers and mobile RFID readers. known as Sleds. For instance, highway toll using. (TNG RFID Tag)

A bar code is a visible sign that
contains data and can be read by
a bar code scanner utilizing
optical or infrared wavelengths.

The black and white lines of a
barcode are “read” by a beam of
light in barcode scanning. The
scanner incorporates a sensor
that generates a signal from
reflected light, which is
subsequently translated into
text and sent to a computer or
database via a decoder. In order
to collect data, barcode
scanners require line of sight
and must “see” each barcode
one at a time.

RFID tags work on a wide variety THE DIFFERENT
of radio frequencies and carry BETWEEN RFID AND
data loaded onto a tiny computer
chip. BARCODE.

The RFID tag has a sensor and an DATA RELATING TO AN ITEM IS STORED ON AN
antenna that allows data to be RFID TAG, WHICH IS ATTACHED TO THE ITEM.
sent to the reader. A reader may
scan more than 100 tags at once
and does not require line of sight
vision. Each sensor often has
unique identification. This makes
it simple to automate procedures
that would otherwise take more
time and money, as well as be
vulnerable to human mistake.

RFID appears to be the obvious TRANSPORT INFORMATION
choice. It can scan numerous SYSTEM (RFID) | 08
objects at once, whereas
barcoding necessitates manually
scanning each item one at a time.
But, if it's actually more
efficient, why hasn't it
completely replaced barcoding?
Both have advantages and
disadvantages, just like any other
technology.

RFID Active Tag

RFID Passive Tag

TYPE OF
RFID TAG

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 09

THE TRANSPORT INFORMATION
COMPONENTS SYSTEM (RFID) | 10
OF RFID
TECHNOLOGY
BY: WONG SOO WEN

In this advanced technologies age, there are many NOW
Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC)
invented by man. The AIDC technologies we have
seen in the market now include Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID), barcode, identification card and
etc. All these technologies require transmitter and
receiver while RFID is no exception. There are several
components that require to support the whole system
performance. The major components of RFID are
reader, Antenna and transponder or tag.

READER

The RFID reader is the most important
component of the system, as it is responsible
for activating the transponder and therefore
commencing data exchange. The reader can
send the radio waves that range from one
centimeter to 30 meters or even more. It
depends on the frequency utilized and the
reader’s functionality. When a transponder
reaches the electromagnetic zone, the
transponder will detect the reader’s activation
signal. The reader decodes the data contained
in the transponder’s integrated circuit (silicon
chip) and transfers it to a host system. The
reader also can execute a two-way data
transmission receiver. It is also known as a
transceiver.

ANTENNA TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 11
The RFID Antenna consists of a coil
with one or more windings. It TRANSPONDER
releases electromagnetic waves
generated by the reader and A transponder is a data carrier. It is
receives radio frequency signals considered the core of the RFID
from the transponder. The Antennas system. The transponder comes in
come in a variety of sizes and various shapes and sizes and it
designs, it depends on the depends on the environment or
frequency, coverage zone, and read ranges. There is a unique ID
whether they are utilized in a tag or a number stored on the chip. The ID
reader. Panel antennas are the most number can be linked to data in a
common types. A couple of database. There is a coil design
antennae can be installed in one on the transponder that is used in
reader for greater reading range or the magnetic near of antennas.
different locations of a transponder.
The antennas are different in terms
of configuration and mode of
operation depending on the
frequency involved.

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 12

FREQUENCY

RFID operate in several frequencies. The common frequencies are Low
Frequency (LF), High Frequency (HF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF).

Frequency Frequency Read Applications
LF Range Range
RF Animal Tracking
UHF 125 – Less than Access Control

134 kilohertz 10 cm Smart Phone Tracking
Gaming Chips
13.56 Less than
megahertz 1m Inventory Tracking
Logistics
860 – Less than

960 megahertz 12 m

Today, there is a variety of applications that adopting the RFID system. The
applications range from inventory tracking to supply chain management. A
few applications that successfully the technology are:
• Supply Chain Management
• Pharmaceutical Tracking
• Inventory Tracking
• Vehicle Tracking
• Logistics Tracking
• Tolling
• Animal Tracking

Nowadays, applications that using RFID systems are more than the listed,
but today the topic is focused on the usage of RFID in the sector of logistics
and transportation in Malaysia. The most common RFID in our routine is
using at the highway toll.

RFID WORKS IN TOLL

Malaysia tolls are shifting toward Since the tag-detected, it will be
the involvement of RFID linked to the owner’s Touch ‘n Go
technology. The RFID will replace eWallet to pay the toll payment
the Smart TAG lanes. The Touch ‘n automatically. If a vehicle is using
Go has integrated with RFID to the RFID tag and it moving at a
provide the toll fare payment. It is a high speed, it still can be detected
sticker known as the RFID tag that and the transaction still can be
is fixed on the headlights or completed. This is because the tag
windscreen of a vehicle. The tag is will be read by the reader through
a sticker-based passive tag and it is electromagnetic waves with a
a UHF type. Each tag contained a frequency of 850 MHz to 950 MHz
unique ID that represents the and it can scan the range of over
vehicle and it only can be 27 meters, within a 10 millisecond
registered for only one vehicle. By response time.
using the RFID, does not
necessitate contact between the TRANSPORT INFORMATION
car owner and the toll, but only SYSTEM (RFID) | 13
requires the vehicles to pass over a
toll gantry where an RFID will
detect the tag.

According to Road Transport Touch ‘n go RFID is a
Department of Malaysia, all foreign progressive development for
registered vehicles (individuals and Malaysia toll system. It is a
companies vehicles for private significant improvement over the
usage, commercial vehicles, and IR-based SmartTAG, whose weak
vehicles own by government) that points frequently result in delays at
entering Peninsular Malaysia the lane. Equally essential, the
compulsory to register for Vehicle introduction of this system would
Entry Permit (VEP) through the effectively eliminate the continual
Road Transport Department of concern of SmartTAG thefts, which
Malaysia portal. All the VEP are too frequent in Malaysia.
registered vehicles will be
provided a non-transferable RFID
tag. The tag is valid for 5 years. All
the VEP registered vehicles will be
provided a non-transferable RFID
tag. The tag is valid for 5 years.

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 14

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 15

RFID WORKS IN

WAREHOUSE

An RFID tracking system is a crucial As the item moves through the
tool in warehouse management. warehouse system, the warehouse
RFID tracking often involves many management system will analyzes
stages. Inventory is effectively and updates the data. The RFID
brought under greater control at tag is unlike the barcode system
each step. First, the shipment will be that was once common in
unloaded from the truck when it warehouse management, it does
arrives at the warehouse receiving not require line-of-sight scanners.
dock. An RFID tag will apply to the Workers no need to be within
items or entire pallet. Each tag inches of an item to scan it
includes internal memory that stores manually anymore because the
and modifies an item’s information items may be scanned and
as it passes through the categorized from anywhere using
warehouse’s various processes. The an RFID tracking system even if
item’s details will be transmitted they are hidden behind other
accurately to the central database boxes.
through an electromagnetic signal.

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 16

Advantages of RFID
RFID IS AT THE HEART OF THE INTERNET OF THINGS AND MAY
SERVE AS THE FOUNDATION FOR A SUCCESSFUL ASSET

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. THERE IS THE BENEFIT ABOUT RFID.

BY:CHEN CAH WAH

First and foremost, asset tracking This makes stock checks and audits,
and inventory management . Most shrinkage control a breeze, and
businesses struggle to keep track of inventory management. RFID can
assets and materials, whether finished also assist in the recovery of objects
goods being delivered, it's components that have been misplaced on the
on a production line, industrial goods premises.
that need to be returned, or laptops,
tools and other advanced equipment
that go missing often. RFID devices
allow you to monitor items quickly and
accurately without having to count
each one individually.

With RFID applications, you can
instantly know how many of each sort
of item you have, as well as their
position and stage in the process. You
can trace things from the time they
arrive in stores to the moment they
are assigned to production and finally
used in a finished product.

Besides, automation allows you to save

both time and money. RFID systems can

track the movement of objects and

automatically communicate the

information to a financial management

system or ERP. As a consequence, they

may get rid of laborious form filling and

outdated spreadsheets. Fixed readers at

strategic positions can save much more

time, and can fully remove the need for

manual intervention in a production line,

for example. RFID can be used with

other supply chain technology or

industrial, such as stock selection Furthermore, increasing the
accuracy and availability of data .
systems and automated pallet handling,
Because data is recorded and
to shorten the time between delivery and uploaded electronically when RFID is
used to record data on a large
order. number of items at once, it avoids
"missing items", transcription errors,
RFID is an extremely cost saving, and duplication of data, everyone in
technology that is cost-effective, and the organization has access to the
increased revenues soon pay for the most up-to-date information on the
original investment. Organizations that status and location of the item
use RFID to improve inventory because of using the cloud-based
management may provide a service that technology.
differentiates them from the competition
and encourages enhanced customer Customers might also be given
happiness, as well as prospects for larger access to data. RFID also can
sales and improved profitability.
enhance safety. Companies can
use RFID systems to verify when
equipment and vehicles have been
examined or when they are scheduled
for inspection, and to prohibit their
usage if specific requirements are not
satisfied. Checked offers an easy
approach to handle inspection and
reporting regimes, as well as ensuring
that protocols are followed by
insurers and regulatory agencies.

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 17

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 18

Moreover, RFID is better

production control . RFID can

identify components or individual goods;

it is excellent for customized or

complicated production processes. For

instance, it can guarantee that certain

molds are filled with the right amount of

liquid and fired for the right amount of

time, or that certain components are

placed on the right manufacturing line.

This contributes to increase efficiency

and waste reduction. RFID also can

Improved traceability and quality.

RFID technology may also assist in
ensure that items have gone through all
of the necessary processes and
inspections , such as ensuring that a
boiler has been properly approved,
assembled and inspected before
being delivered to the customer. it can
reduce the number of goods returned by
improving quality of good by tracking
an object from its place of origin, RFID
tagging may assist assure traceability.

Last but not least, RFID can more
comprehensive management data.
RFID allows for real-time data
capturing at all phases of an asset's or
product's life cycle, it provides
additional management information
for planning and operational purposes.
This information may be used to help
companies enhance their efficiency
even further.

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 19

FOR MORE THAN 30 YEARS, IN RETAIL
AND LOGISTICS, BARCODE LABELS HAVE
LONG BEEN THE INDUSTRY STANDARD.

 BUT COMPETING TECHNOLOGIES, SUCH
AS RADIO-FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION
(RFID), HAVE SUBSTANTIALLY DIMMED
BARCODE'S SPARKLE IN THE LAST
DECADE. WHILE BOTH ARE USEFUL IN
CERTAIN SITUATIONS, THE BENEFITS OF
RFID OVER BARCODES ARE NUMEROUS
AND SIGNIFICANT.

RFID Tag

Line of sight isn't required for

RFID. To read a barcode, the two

labels must be aligned and placed on

the front of the scanner in order to

function correctly. On the other

hand, RFID tags are not required to

be visible to an RFID scanner. RFID

tags only need to be within the read

range of the reader, which varies

depending on the equipment,

because RFID communicates via

radio waves. The rate of reading

has significantly risen. To be

entered into the system, each

barcode must be scanned separately.

RFID systems do not require line of

sight to read many tags at the same

time. The enhanced read rate of

RFID scanners allows you to scan a

few Hundred of tags can be at once,

saving you time that you may put to

greater use.

Besides, a RFID tag is can be read or written. A barcode can only

be read after it has been printed on a label, and the data cannot be

changed. RFID tags may be read and their data updated or updated as

needed. Also, a ll information is encrypted. Barcodes are easy to forge,

yet the information is always readable. Because the information on RFID

tags may be encrypted, your data is considerably secure. It's also

considerably more difficult to duplicate RFID tags that have already been

identified by your system.

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 20

Moreover, RFID tags are reusable and long-lasting.
Barcodes are readily damaged and rendered illegible
since they are often printed on paper labels or other
exposed surfaces. You may acquire RFID tags that are
particularly engineered to function in hostile
environments depending on your application. These
RFID tags are protected from collisions, changing
environmental conditions, moisture and heat by a tough
hardcase.

RFID tags may be reused, as previously indicated,
because they are updatable, reducing expenses in your
installations. And RFID tags can store more
information. The amount of information that can be
represented by standard barcodes is restricted. Data is
stored in non-volatile memory on RFID tags, with some
tags capable of storing up to 8 KB of data.

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 21

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 22

CATCH SOME ISSUES IN : ALTHOUGH RFID HAS MORE
ADVANTAGES TO ITS
DISADVANTAGES
PREDECESSOR THAN ITS BAR
OF RFID IN CODE, AT THIS POINT THE
TRANSPORTATION
AND LOGISTICS PRICE IS STILL CONSIDERED
EXORBITANT BY MANY
BY: MUHAMMAD HAIKAL
BIN PAKHRU- RAZI COMPANIES. INCREASES RFID
IS, ON THE ONE HAND,

BECAUSE IT REQUIRES NO
LINE-OF-SIGHT SCANS, WORK

LEVELS ARE REDUCED,
VISIBILITY IS INCREASED AND
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT IS

IMPROVED.
ON THE OTHER HAND, RFID IS
NOW AN EXPENSIVE OPTION,

WITHOUT STANDARDS AND
HAS A SMALL NUMBER OF
PROVIDERS WHO PRODUCE
END-TO-END SOLUTIONS,
HAVE CERTAIN UNPLEASANT

NOMADIC | 24

IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEMS
AND ARE SHROUDED BY

WORRIES ABOUT PRIVACY.

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 23

THE RFID TAG HAS ITS OWN
ISSUES TOO

First, the RFID tag is attached to the number YOU CAN'T USE THE RFID TAG
plate of your car. Every car can therefore have a IMMEDIATELY AFTER
single RFID tag and that tag cannot be removed INSTALLATION
by the user. Actually, it is purposely meant not to
be removable if the entire sticker is broken if you Just after installation don't
try and peel it off. expect to drive directly into
your favorite tollbooth on
The good news is, however, that you can have the RFID lane and expect it
several RFID tags tied to a single e-wallet. This to operate. Before you can
implies you can have all those RFID tags start using your RFID tag,
synchronized if you have more than one car and you will need to wait for a
deduct money in one wallet. TNG activation SMS. You
should receive your SMS
Unfortunately, this will make it harder for you, for within 24 hours by the
instance, to share your RFID-ed vehicles, as you company.
won't be able to use your own e-wallet to pay any
RFID toll. It will admit that this is quite unlikely to
become a major issue with this particular case,
but it can divorce the RFID from the wallet and
add somebody else in it. With the same QR code
as WhatsApp, maybe?

FOR NOW, TRANSPORT INFORMATION
INSTALLATION SYSTEM (RFID) | 24
CAN ONLY BE
DONE AT Having said that, TNG is working on
SELECTED remedies to this problem. They have
FITMENT warned us that as more individuals
CENTRES. board, more Fitment Centers would
eventually open, including the Tank
Probably the most difficult element of Stations, along highways, even car
the entire process of registration. manufacturers/dealers. You are also
Although anything like a SmartTAG looking at various systems, such as a
device can be purchased or set alone mobile installer, where the professional
in your automobile, the RFID tag at comes to you and installs yourself so
least cannot be auto-installed, not at that the user can do this by himself. But
the moment. Instead, you need go to when these steps are being put into
specialized facility centers to have a practice, they didn't say anything so we
"specialist" installed for you. will simply have to wait and watch.
Now we can grasp some sort of where
TNG goes. Since the sticker is a single- REGISTRATION
use device because it's going to be
destroyed if you try to take it away, REQUIRES A LOT OF
possibly it's a good idea to have
somebody who knows what to do DOCUMENTATION
instead of amateurs.
Instead of purchasing a SmartTAG from
The question here, though, is how TNG a seller, the procedure of registering the
RFID tag requires a bunch of material.
expects to manage the vast number of You need your IC or passport, drivers'
licenses and a copy of the grant or
people who will probably want their insurance note of your car right now.
This is lots of documentation for a
RFID tag installed after this inevitably sticker which is effectively a SmartTAG.

happens. There were just five Fitment That's because there's no RFID
authentication on your app as it doesn't
Centers in this trial program, for seem to make logical to demand that
many informations. authentication
example. Imagine that on occurs in your app.

overcrowded highways in Malaysia Honestly, their answer felt really
unclear. It is essentially part of a Know
they had to accommodate the Your Vehicle (KYV) method which will
provide TNG information on your
projected millions of vehicles. Not to automobile and double it as safety, so
that nobody can register for an RFID tag
mention the time everybody had to on a car that is not theirs.

take out of the day to install the tag.

THE RFID TAG INSTALLED IN

FAIRLY PRECARIOUS LOCATION

The RFID TNG website states that there are
two spots where RFID tags can be installed:
one is inside your car windscreen and the
other is at the headlamp of your car. But
Touch 'n Go elected to implant the RFID tags
solely for the pilot program on the car's
headlamps.

When he speaks to the TNG rep, he says that
based on his tests it is the best and most
reliable place. It was also suggested that the
reason the windshield was not ideal was
because these passive RFID tags should not
be retained metallised, and because of the
beautiful sunshine weather, even the most
Malaysian cars need tint.

However, not really convinced of the lifespan
of the tag if you install anything as frail as an
onto something as sensitive as a headlamp.
There is surely a risk of elemental exposure,
but there is also a chance that the unsaveable
characters that hide in our society will just be
a vandal.

Yes, you can't stolen them since when you
pull them off, they are destroyed, but how
can you stop a small road rager from rubbing
the tag because it has fallen on you?

The silver fill is that TNG assures you that RFID
these stickers are quite resistant to things SMART
like rain, heat and are even unlikely to be STICKER
stone damaged by the size of the tag. It
should also last five to 10 years before you
have to change it. Moreover, although your
tag is covered by fancy, the overhead scanner
should still be readable because radio waves
are used by RFID and no sighting lines are
required.

However, the potential of a mounted
windscreen label after the pilot program has
not exactly been ruled out by TNG but it
didn't confirm whether it would open the
option in the future.

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COST OF
TECHNOLOGY

RFID technology is currently
expensive and the cost of RFID
tags is a major hindrance to the
broad use of Supply Chain
Management. One of the two
main obstacles to RFID
implementation has been
revealed in an Accenture survey.
Current RFID tags reporting
varies, but they all share the view
that the current tag cost is too
costly to warrant the labeling of
all tags. Therefore, in contrast to
item level tracking, most
organizations requiring use of
RFID focus on pallets and cases.
Present cost estimates for
passive tags with a considerable
price impact with the volume of
tags acquired.

MANUFACTURING

SECTOR CONCERNS

Mainly merchants are pushing RFID higher, requiring
manufacturers to bear the higher expenses connected with the
tagging of things and the information generated by them. Many
makers of consumer goods struggle to benefit in their
packaging and delivery systems from updating to RFID
technology. As a result, the costs of doing business with
significant customers like as Wal-Mart are perceived as having
obliged suppliers to take use of RFID. Some manufacturers look
at the 'slap and ship' option where their current procedures are
maintained. This just includes the labelling of things as
dispatched to minimize expenses and to fulfill mandatory
standards. Even such minimum techniques could, however,
lead to difficulties like inaccuracies in the placement and the
design of tags which customers need to interpret. There are
clearly no standards for integration of RFID in their everyday
procedures for enterprises.

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SUPPLIER AND
RETAILER
COOPERATION

Only a serial number contains

RFID tags utilizing the EPC

standard. This information is

then required to be used

from databases linked to

these serial numbers.

"Technology works for

enterprises through data LACK OF STANDARDS

synchronization, integration, Although RFID technology has existed for decades,
recently it has only been introduced to Supply Chain
transformation and Management. Consequently, the acceptance and
support for wider use in supply chains is impeded by
communications. Previous apparently lack of standards. Past RFID products had
no interoperable qualities, cannot simply be included
efforts to cooperate among amongst partners in the supply chain, and as such have
not added value. Standards development has
organisations, as information proceeded somewhat with the establishment of
EPCglobal, a member-based company made up of many
cannot easily be retrieved significant companies that finance its activities.
However, the International Organization for
and shared, have not been Standardisation still has to support EPCglobal's
standards (ISO).
successful. Everyone must

work together to specifically

identify what information

they need and how it should

be disseminated.

All stakeholders do not yet have a standard to suit the
needs of every user. Incompatible systems exist in
various industries, including rail, truck, toll collection,
retail and production.. Therefore, the smooth usage of
RFID in supply chains is a primary concern for
interoperability. For the success of RFID the EPC
standard is crucial. Ongoing modifications and the
support of several global companies suggest that the
Supply Chain Management Standard will most likely
become a standard. Another puzzling problem is the
allotment of radio spectrum. Radio spectrum is a final
resource, which is ultimately controlled by state agency
in various states, while multiple institutions endeavor to
ensure spectrum management.

INTERFERENCE The determination of the most
appropriate site for RFID tags can
AND READING take time, with one firm evaluating
six sites for a fluid product with just
CONSIDERATIONS one or two of the best reading.
Procter & Gamble produced "RF-
RFID is sensitive to interference, friendly" & "RF-unfriendly"
since it uses the radio spectrum to categories of products which
broadcast its signals, preventing it frequently make them RFun-
from transmitting clear and friendly, with those that have some
confident information to RFID type of metal packaging or liquid.
readers. Similarly, radio spectrum-
associated RFID suffers from the PRIVACY
inherent restrictions of range.
Tagging isn't just about adding CONCERNS
RFID tags on goods. Readers can
only read tags in a given fashion, Data protection problems are one of the
thus products must be packed greatest dangers to RFID's unbreakable
correctly. success. Concerns about privacy are likely
to "halt a dead technology." Current RFID
There is another challenge when protocols offer the best performance
you read a pallet with different between scanners and tags, without any
packaged things, as the reader attention to customer privacy issues.
must be conscious that it reads Proponents of privacy worry that when
several categories of objects. RFID tags are inserted in common things,
However, RFID is one of its most the product can be traced after consumers
important assets in reading most have purchased it. Human rights
packaging materials including organizations have raised concerns about
plastic wraps and cards. The metal the technology already. The Auto-ID Center
and liquid "Kryptonite to RFID," as is publishing a paper describing three key
they are able to ravage RFID privacy standards for all users of EPC
signals, were described. technology in an effort to mitigate privacy
concerns. Benetton clothing retailer was
burned with RFID tags in his items. Once
public opinion became known, the
consumers demanded that Benetton be
boycotted and the distributor gave up his
RFID schemes. One of the main concerns of
the public with the proposal was that
information regarding how the tags can be
shut off once an item is purchased was
lacking.

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CATCH SOME WAVES IN PLUS RFID TOLL PLAZAS. Touch 'n Go RFID is a new
electronic toll payment system that will employ a sticker
TNG to pass through the toll. The RFID sticker has a radio
RFID frequency chip and may be attached to the vehicle's
TAG windscreen or headlights. As the car goes through the
toll, an overhead scanner detects the radio frequency
"!!!CHECK THE E-WALLET BALANCE OR from the Touch 'n Go RFID sticker, causing the toll
SET AUTOMATIC TOP-UP FOR A barrier to rise and the toll fare to be charged. The use of
RFID by Malaysia's leading highway operator is a step
CONTINUOUS TOP-UP EXPERIENCE WITH toward a Multi-Lane Free Flow (MLFF) payment system
NO COSTS!!!" that eliminates the need for toll booths. An open road
toll system would not only assist to relieve congestion,
BY: NURUL AZMIRA BINTI but it will also maximise RFID's potential. Existing TNG
MOHD RAZIP RFID users will be able to drive through the RFID band
as soon as it becomes available, without the need for a
separate sign. In case you're wondering, cars using the
open toll system must pay a toll every time they travel
through a road stretch. Meanwhile, with a closed toll
system, prices are computed based on entries and
exits, as is prevalent on the North-South Highway.
PLUS, in addition to the TNG e-Wallet, will let customers
to pay tolls using their preferred bank account or card.
We were advised that TNG is the only e-Wallet choice
for the time being. Eventually, PLUS has informed that
people who still want to use TouchN‘OnMGAoDaInCd S| m2a4rtTAG
cards no need to worry as they will be supported and
there would be no disruptions when RFID is introduced.

Moving towards a
gateless gantry toll

The RFID sticker has a radio
frequency chip and may be

attached to the vehicle's
windshield or headlights. As
the car goes through the toll,
an overhead scanner detects
the radio frequency from the

Touch 'n Go RFID sticker,
causing the toll barrier to rise
and the toll fare to be charged.

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INVENTORIES
AND
WAREHOUSES

In The primary goal of

RFID is to boost

warehouse efficiency

by lowering labour and

logistics expenses.

Similarly, to obtain an

immediately accurate

inventory of items with

all kinds of

characteristics such as

size, quality, country,

and so on. Physical

inventory counts,

which are costly and

incorrect, are no

longer required. You

save money and time

this way

.

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 32

RFID IN

WAREHOUSE
AN RFID TAG (OR CHIP) IS CONNECTED TO THE SHIPMENT'S GOODS
- EITHER INDIVIDUAL BOXES OR A WHOLE PALLET. EACH TAG HAS

AN INTERNAL MEMORY THAT STORES THE ITEM'S INFORMATION,
WHICH MAY BE CHANGED AS IT PASSES THROUGH THE
WAREHOUSE'S VARIOUS OPERATIONS.

“Can you imagine what would happen

if huge food firms did not have Because information is sent so quickly
constant and immediate control over between tags and RFID devices, updating
the commodities on hand? When you databases is immediate and in real-time.
buy anything in a store, you have no

clue how far it has travelled, but RFID RFID tags are the most dependable
technology maintains track of its identification components for individual
movements.” subject and object control. Its operation
may be broken down into four steps:

When objects and pallets are labelled, you 1. Each thing has its own label, which
can immediately determine what you have, identifies it with a unique number that it
how many of them you have, and how much does not share with any other object; this
space they take up in your warehouse or back number is known as the ID of each item.
store. 2. The mobility of these ID numbers is
Winning in the supply chain means automatically controlled by a radio
increasing efficiency, reducing errors, and frequency emitting antenna that
improving quality. In chaotic manufacturing, "interrogates" the RFID tag's chip.
shipping, and distribution circumstances, 3. The RFID tag uses radiofrequency to
real-time data on the status of individual "respond" the information contained on its
commodities provides insights that may be chip.
transformed into effective interventions. 4. An RFID reader receives data from the
You'll be on your road to Six Sigma Master chip and saves it on a server for
Black Belt certification in no time with RFID management.
visibility.

UNDERSTANDING RFID TECHNOLOGY

Every product has an RFID tag attached to it. A reading
device is often positioned at the warehouse's entry/exit
point. The reader registers the RFID and maintains the data
recorded in the warehouse's computer system up to date.
The information acquired aids in the precise tracking of the
merchandise. It also aids in the strategic planning of product
placements.
On the flip side of the logistics cycle, the RFID system
functions similarly. It helps to speed up the delivery
management system. It aids in the appropriate selection of
the product for further distribution. The reader positioned at
the entry-exit points registers the products that have moved
out of the warehouse, and this information is sent to the
warehouse's computer in real time.

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 33

CURRENT SCENARIO FOR RFID
SYSTEM DUE TO COVID-19
PANDEMIC

BY: NURUL FAHIRA FAZLEEN BINTI CHE ABAS

IN THIS ISSUE:
- WHAT IS COVID-19?
- APPLICATION FOR RFID IN THE FIGHT AGAINST
COVID-19
- HOW CAN RFID TECHNOLOGY HELP DURING
COVID-19?

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
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WHAT IS COVID-19?

COVID-19 is a coronavirus illness produced by a novel

strain. The letters 'CO' represent for corona, 'VI' for virus, and

'D' for disease. Previously, this illness was known as the ‘2019

novel coronavirus,' or ‘2019-nCoV.' The COVID-19 virus is a

novel virus that belongs to the same viral family as Severe

Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and some forms of

common cold. The majority of patients infected with the

COVID-19 virus will develop mild to moderate respiratory

disease and will recover without the need for specific

treatment. People over the age of 65, as well as those with

underlying medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease,

diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer, are more

prone to acquire severe illness. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 35

APPLICATION FOR RFID
IN THE FIGHT AGAINST

COVID-19

RFID technology has made
a resurgence in recent

years, with applications in
retail, airline logistics and

baggage tracking, and
healthcare.

Now it’s being used in the
fight against COVID-19

Microchips embedded in RFID From collection to dissemination, the
tags can track and authenticate technology enables real-time visibility. A
the vaccine journey from government-contracting package maker is
manufacturing to clinical. For supplying room for RFID chip on each
example, real time visibility prefilled syringes. The chip connects to a
plasma and vaccines. Life Share health worker's phone, allowing managers
Blood Center uses RFID to track to follow each injection in real time. RFID and
convalescent plasma. This blockchain tracking ensure that
plasma is collected from COVID- vaccinations are neither counterfeit or
19 patients in order to offer tampered with, and they validate the chain
antibodies to people combating of command. Sensors may help ensure that
the condition. vaccinations are delivered to the correct
regions and places.

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
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HOW CAN RFID
TECHNOLOGY HELP DURING

COVID-19?

With global concerns growing Mattresses, surgical equipment, and
over health issues and the spread medical gadgets are examples of potentially
of viruses such as COVID-19, radio contaminated products. RFID eliminates the
frequency identification (RFID) has need to handle these things when locating
the potential to reduce the impact and auditing, lowering the danger of
of such situations. infection spreading across the workplace.

There are few ways RFID can help during In addition, for the inventory
COVID-19. First of all is can reducing the management. Stock visibility is vital in
spread of this virus. hospitals, especially during pandemics,
because key supplies such as masks, gowns,
When identifying assets, RFID technology and gloves are frequently utilised and
can lessen the amount of touch you have with discarded. RFID technology can monitor
them. The tags and the information stored supply levels in real time, alerting medical
within them may be picked up by a fixed or workers of impending shortages or numbers
portable scanner, so you don't have to touch in general. Staff are able to give products to
the products. Because the tag does not need people who have been most affected and
to be in the line of sight of these readers to be prioritise available supplies to places where
picked up, little to no physical contact is there is a larger demand because of this
required, as opposed to barcodes, which visibility. During the COVID-19 pandemic,
must be visible to be scanned, lowering the hospitals can use RFID-enabled
danger of infection spread. technologies to better monitor patient and
employee safety. The tags have a lot of
advantange during this COVID-19. RFID
solutions, which employ wireless
communication to identify and monitor
assets and equipment, have experienced
rapid acceptance in the healthcare industry
in recent years.

TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SYSTEM (RFID) | 38

CONCLUSION

We need to use RFID because
RFID IS a technology that
allows data to be

transmitted from a microchip
to a computer at a very fast
rate and without the need for
human intervention. When we

use RFID in our everyday
routines, we are more
relaxed and have a better
understanding of our

surroundings.