Foreword
The Schoolwide English Enrichment and Development Strategies (SEEDS) is a programme
specially designed to arrest the declining standard of English among Malaysians. It is a
comprehensive programme that takes into account every facet of language learning and the
unique problems faced by Malaysians when striving to learn a foreign language. It uses a 3-
pronged strategy namely,
(i) Plan for Improving English in Schools (PIES)
(ii) Formal English Classes (FEC)
(iii) English Immersion Activities (EIA)
This booklet is compiled to facilitate the running of the first component (PIES) and is to be used
for the broadcast and R & R sessions.
The rationale behind PIES is that vocabulary forms the foundation of any language learning. Thus,
PIES is the strategy in the SEEDS programme, designed to help the learner acquire 1500 words
or more within a span of 5 months. The acquisition of 1500 words serves as a springboard,
enabling the learner to participate confidently in the other components of SEEDS (FEC & EIA).
Introduction
SEEDS is designed to be used in a school environment. However, it can be adapted for
individual use. If you are using this booklet and CD-ROM on your own, you should follow these
steps in order to get the maximum benefit.
Steps:
1. Listen to one article at a time, beginning with Article 1.
2. Listen two or three times a day to each article, with a break of at least an hour after each
listening. Note the pronunciation of new words.
3. After each listening, replay the article. Without looking at the article on screen or referring
to your booklet, but merely based on what you hear, write down as much as you can on a
piece of paper. You may only be able to catch some words and phrases the first time.
4. Repeat Step 3 for the second and third listening, using the same piece of paper. Fill in as
much as you can of what you missed previously. By the third listening, you should be able
to reproduce most of the article.
SEEDS
The Schoolwide English Enrichment and Development Strategies (SEEDS) is a
programme designed as part of the English Everyday Programme (EEDP). Articles in this
booklet are suitable for secondary school students and are taken from various resources
to meet students’ needs. It is hoped that the implementation of this SEEDS programme
will provide a platform for the assimilation of the language into the English language
learners’ world.
Let’s cherish the power of READING!
SEEDS 2021 TEAM
MRSM TAIPING
MRSM TUN MUSTAPHA
MRSM SUNGAI BESAR
MRSM SULTAN AZLAN SHAH
Cover Design by
RASYIDI MUHAMMAD RADZI
MRSM TAIPING
Table of Contents
Article 1. How is Asthma Related to the Neighbourhood You Live In?............................. 5
Article 2. Space Robots .................................................................................................................. 6
Article 3. Global Positioning System (GPS).............................................................................. 7
Article 4. Worth the Shot ................................................................................................................ 8
Article 5. What is Oceanography? ............................................................................................... 9
Article 6. Fireball Dropping Drones........................................................................................... 10
Article 7: Life under the sea ........................................................................................................ 11
Article 8: Venus Flytrap ................................................................................................................ 12
Article 9: Caterpillar Cannibalism.............................................................................................. 13
Article 10. Military Cetaceans ..................................................................................................... 14
Article 11. “Littering” Problem in Space? ............................................................................... 15
Article 12. What is Ultrasound?.................................................................................................. 16
Article 13 Biomass- Waste or energy? ..................................................................................... 17
Article 14. GM Tomatoes to the Rescue! ................................................................................. 18
Article 15. Medicine in Our Waters ............................................................................................ 19
Article 16. Does Eating Blue Cheese Contribute to Antibiotic Resistance? ............... 20
Article 17. Chewing Gum Takes Seven Years to Digest .................................................... 21
Article 18. Are Our Pets Bad for the Environment? ............................................................ 22
Article 19. My Chair is Killing Me.............................................................................................. 23
Article 21. The Goblin Shark ...................................................................................................... 24
Article 22. What are Smart Homes? .......................................................................................... 25
Article 23. Development of Vacuum Cleaner Robot ............................................................. 26
Article 24. Sepang International Circuit (SIC)......................................................................... 27
Article 25: Turbocharger .............................................................................................................. 28
Article 26. Hovercraft .................................................................................................................... 29
Article 27: Hidden Mental Toll of the Pandemic..................................................................... 30
Article 28: Childhood Obesity..................................................................................................... 31
Article 29: Gadget Addiction....................................................................................................... 32
Article 30: Attitude Is a Little Thing That Makes a Big Difference .................................... 33
Article 31: Why Do We Love Junk Food? ................................................................................ 34
Article 32: How Emojis Could Help People with Food Allergies ....................................... 35
Article 33: Italy’s Covid-19 Death Toll Tops 50,000............................................................... 36
Article 34: Grab That Mop for an Indoor Workout!................................................................ 37
Article 35: Mental Health Day...................................................................................................... 38
Article 36: To Screen or Not To Screen? ................................................................................. 39
Article 37: The Life-Wasting Potion .......................................................................................... 40
Article 38: Cockroaches Could Be Good Medicine? ............................................................ 41
Article 39: Where Is the Healthiest Seat on an Airplane? ................................................... 42
Article 40: You can smell when someone’s sick. .................................................................. 43
Article 41: You Eat Thousands of Bits of Plastic Every Year............................................. 44
Article 42: Pandemic ..................................................................................................................... 45
Article 43: Pollutions Threaten Taj Mahal................................................................................ 46
Article 44. Reducing Food Waste Helps Fight Climate Change ........................................ 47
Article 45: Trees Are Our Best Friends .................................................................................... 48
Article 46: Greta Thunberg’s Speech........................................................................................ 49
Article 47: Piranhas ....................................................................................................................... 50
Article 48: Coldplay Goes Green................................................................................................ 51
Article 49: London in the Sea? ................................................................................................... 52
Article 50: Endangered Species................................................................................................. 53
Article 51: The Disappearing Honeybee .................................................................................. 54
Article 52: Is Water Crucial in Our Life? .................................................................................. 55
Article 53: Rafflesia ....................................................................................................................... 56
Article 54: How Harmful Is Noise To You? .............................................................................. 57
Article 55: The Legendary Diego Maradona............................................................................ 58
Article 56: Why is the moon called the moon? ...................................................................... 59
Article 57: Word of the Year ........................................................................................................ 60
Article 58: The Wooden Leg ........................................................................................................ 61
Article 59: Cultural Behaviour in Business............................................................................. 62
Article 60: Buyers, Beware!......................................................................................................... 63
Article 61: Malaysian Food: A Fusion of Fantastic Flavours.............................................. 64
Article 62: Kidnapped Brides in Lombok................................................................................. 65
Article 63: Sky Burials .................................................................................................................. 66
Article 64: Matriarchal Societies ................................................................................................ 67
Article 65: Language Acquisition in Babies............................................................................ 68
Article 66: The Last Nomadic Penan......................................................................................... 69
Article 67: Famadihana................................................................................................................. 70
Article 68: Restrictions in North Korea .................................................................................... 71
Article 69: Penang Asam Laksa ................................................................................................. 72
Article 70: Siesta ............................................................................................................................ 73
Article 71: French and Fragrance .............................................................................................. 74
Article 72: Wasabi .......................................................................................................................... 75
Article 73: The Korean Skin Care............................................................................................... 76
Article 74: Trust it or not?............................................................................................................ 77
Article 75: The Tattooed Lady..................................................................................................... 78
Article 76: The Color Purple ........................................................................................................ 79
Article 77: Comfort Foods............................................................................................................ 80
Article 78: Edo culture .................................................................................................................. 81
Article 79: Melanau ........................................................................................................................ 82
Article 80: Maori Culture .............................................................................................................. 83
Article 81: Turkish Hospitality .................................................................................................... 84
Article 82: Online Seller 101........................................................................................................ 85
Article 83: Black Friday ................................................................................................................ 86
Article 84: Cyber Monday............................................................................................................. 87
Article 85: Making the Most of Online Shopping ................................................................... 88
Article 86: The Basic Idea of Financial Literacy..................................................................... 89
Article 87: How to Save Money................................................................................................... 90
Article 88: An Introduction to Consumerism.......................................................................... 91
Article 89: The Good and Bad Side of Consumerism........................................................... 92
Article 90: Ethical Shopping........................................................................................................ 93
Article 91: As Consumerism Spreads, Earth Suffers, Study Says.................................... 94
Article 92: Financial Education .................................................................................................. 95
Article 93: When Kids Watch a Lot of TV, Parents May End Up More Stressed ........... 96
Article 94: What Are Unit Trusts? .............................................................................................. 97
Article 95: Malaysia Online Food Delivery Market................................................................. 98
Article 96: Credit Cards ................................................................................................................ 99
Article 97: Kylie Jenner- the World’s Youngest Self-made Billionaire .......................... 100
Article 98: J&T Express yet again successfully delivered Year-End Sales to
consumers ..................................................................................................................................... 101
Article 99: Tim Brown from Allbirds........................................................................................ 102
Article 100: Smart Consumer.................................................................................................... 103
Article 101: Rice-ing up to the Challenge .............................................................................. 105
Article 102: Starting Emergency Savings Fund ................................................................... 106
Article 103: Consumers - Needs vs. Wants........................................................................... 107
Article 104: Financial Struggles at University..................................................................... 108
Article 105: School’s Consumer Club..................................................................................... 109
Article 106: Pocket Money: Children and Teenagers ........................................................ 110
Article 107: Safety is not a choice. .......................................................................................... 111
Table of Contents
Article 1. How is Asthma Related to the Neighbourhood You Live In?............................. 5
Article 2. Space Robots .................................................................................................................. 6
Article 3. Global Positioning System (GPS).............................................................................. 7
Article 4. Worth the Shot ................................................................................................................ 8
Article 5. What is Oceanography? ............................................................................................... 9
Article 6. Fireball Dropping Drones........................................................................................... 10
Article 7: Life under the sea ........................................................................................................ 11
Article 8: Venus Flytrap ................................................................................................................ 12
Article 9: Caterpillar Cannibalism.............................................................................................. 13
Article 10. Military Cetaceans ..................................................................................................... 14
Article 11. “Littering” Problem in Space? ............................................................................... 15
Article 12. What is Ultrasound?.................................................................................................. 16
Article 13 Biomass- Waste or energy? ..................................................................................... 17
Article 14. GM Tomatoes to the Rescue! ................................................................................. 18
Article 15. Medicine in Our Waters ............................................................................................ 19
Article 16. Does Eating Blue Cheese Contribute to Antibiotic Resistance? ............... 20
Article 17. Chewing Gum Takes Seven Years to Digest .................................................... 21
Article 18. Are Our Pets Bad for the Environment? ............................................................ 22
Article 19. My Chair is Killing Me.............................................................................................. 23
Article 21. The Goblin Shark ...................................................................................................... 24
Article 22. What are Smart Homes? .......................................................................................... 25
Article 23. Development of Vacuum Cleaner Robot ............................................................. 26
Article 24. Sepang International Circuit (SIC)......................................................................... 27
Article 25: Turbocharger .............................................................................................................. 28
Article 26. Hovercraft .................................................................................................................... 29
Article 27: Hidden Mental Toll of the Pandemic..................................................................... 30
Article 28: Childhood Obesity..................................................................................................... 31
Article 29: Gadget Addiction....................................................................................................... 32
Article 30: Attitude Is a Little Thing That Makes a Big Difference .................................... 33
Article 31: Why Do We Love Junk Food? ................................................................................ 34
Article 32: How Emojis Could Help People with Food Allergies ....................................... 35
Article 33: Italy’s Covid-19 Death Toll Tops 50,000............................................................... 36
Article 34: Grab That Mop for an Indoor Workout!................................................................ 37
Article 35: Mental Health Day...................................................................................................... 38
Article 36: To Screen or Not To Screen? ................................................................................. 39
Article 37: The Life-Wasting Potion .......................................................................................... 40
Article 38: Cockroaches Could Be Good Medicine? ............................................................ 41
Article 39: Where Is the Healthiest Seat on an Airplane? ................................................... 42
Article 40: You can smell when someone’s sick. .................................................................. 43
Article 41: You Eat Thousands of Bits of Plastic Every Year............................................. 44
Article 42: Pandemic ..................................................................................................................... 45
Article 43: Pollutions Threaten Taj Mahal................................................................................ 46
Article 44. Reducing Food Waste Helps Fight Climate Change ........................................ 47
Article 45: Trees Are Our Best Friends .................................................................................... 48
Article 46: Greta Thunberg’s Speech........................................................................................ 49
Article 47: Piranhas ....................................................................................................................... 50
Article 48: Coldplay Goes Green................................................................................................ 51
Article 49: London in the Sea? ................................................................................................... 52
Article 50: Endangered Species................................................................................................. 53
Article 51: The Disappearing Honeybee .................................................................................. 54
Article 52: Is Water Crucial in Our Life? .................................................................................. 55
Article 53: Rafflesia ....................................................................................................................... 56
Article 54: How Harmful Is Noise To You? .............................................................................. 57
Article 55: The Legendary Diego Maradona............................................................................ 58
Article 56: Why is the moon called the moon? ...................................................................... 59
Article 57: Word of the Year ........................................................................................................ 60
Article 58: The Wooden Leg ........................................................................................................ 61
Article 59: Cultural Behaviour in Business............................................................................. 62
Article 60: Buyers, Beware!......................................................................................................... 63
Article 61: Malaysian Food: A Fusion of Fantastic Flavours.............................................. 64
Article 62: Kidnapped Brides in Lombok................................................................................. 65
Article 63: Sky Burials .................................................................................................................. 66
Article 64: Matriarchal Societies ................................................................................................ 67
Article 65: Language Acquisition in Babies............................................................................ 68
Article 66: The Last Nomadic Penan......................................................................................... 69
Article 67: Famadihana................................................................................................................. 70
Article 68: Restrictions in North Korea .................................................................................... 71
Article 69: Penang Asam Laksa ................................................................................................. 72
Article 70: Siesta ............................................................................................................................ 73
Article 71: French and Fragrance .............................................................................................. 74
Article 72: Wasabi .......................................................................................................................... 75
Article 73: The Korean Skin Care............................................................................................... 76
Article 74: Trust it or not?............................................................................................................ 77
Article 75: The Tattooed Lady..................................................................................................... 78
Article 76: The Color Purple ........................................................................................................ 79
Article 77: Comfort Foods............................................................................................................ 80
Article 78: Edo culture .................................................................................................................. 81
Article 79: Melanau ........................................................................................................................ 82
Article 80: Maori Culture .............................................................................................................. 83
Article 81: Turkish Hospitality .................................................................................................... 84
Article 82: Online Seller 101........................................................................................................ 85
Article 83: Black Friday ................................................................................................................ 86
Article 84: Cyber Monday............................................................................................................. 87
Article 85: Making the Most of Online Shopping ................................................................... 88
Article 86: The Basic Idea of Financial Literacy..................................................................... 89
Article 87: How to Save Money................................................................................................... 90
Article 88: An Introduction to Consumerism.......................................................................... 91
Article 89: The Good and Bad Side of Consumerism........................................................... 92
Article 90: Ethical Shopping........................................................................................................ 93
Article 91: As Consumerism Spreads, Earth Suffers, Study Says.................................... 94
Article 92: Financial Education .................................................................................................. 95
Article 93: When Kids Watch a Lot of TV, Parents May End Up More Stressed ........... 96
Article 94: What Are Unit Trusts? .............................................................................................. 97
Article 95: Malaysia Online Food Delivery Market................................................................. 98
Article 96: Credit Cards ................................................................................................................ 99
Article 97: Kylie Jenner- the World’s Youngest Self-made Billionaire .......................... 100
Article 98: J&T Express yet again successfully delivered Year-End Sales to
consumers ..................................................................................................................................... 101
Article 99: Tim Brown from Allbirds........................................................................................ 102
Article 100: Smart Consumer.................................................................................................... 103
Article 101: Rice-ing up to the Challenge .............................................................................. 104
Article 102: Starting Emergency Savings Fund ................................................................... 105
Article 103: Consumers - Needs vs. Wants........................................................................... 106
Article 104: Financial Struggles at University..................................................................... 107
Article 105: School’s Consumer Club..................................................................................... 108
Article 106: Pocket Money: Children and Teenagers ........................................................ 109
Article 107: Safety is not a choice. .......................................................................................... 110
Article 1. How is Asthma Related to the Neighbourhood You Live In?
Do you have asthma? In the US, asthma is more common in communities of colour. But why is
that? People of colour are more likely to live in neighbourhoods with worse air quality and more
poverty. But this is only the start of the answer. Why are those neighbourhoods like that?
A discriminatory system from 85 years ago labelled Black and Hispanic neighbourhoods
as worse (lower grade) than white neighbourhoods. This meant these neighbourhoods received
less investment (money) than white neighbourhoods. Scientists wanted to find out if this grading
system from the past might relate to asthma rates in these neighbourhoods today.
It was found that asthma emergencies are more common in those neighbourhoods that
were once labelled low grade. So was air pollution, the percentage of people living in poverty, and
the percentage of people of colour. A discriminatory plan from many years ago may be one of the
underlying causes of asthma emergencies among people of colour today.
To fight asthma, we need to uplift all communities, especially those harmed by the low-
grade label. We also need to ensure that outlawed and outdated policies are not still harming
people living in these places.
sciencejournalforkids.org/articles/how-is-asthma-related-to-the-neighborhood-you-live-in/
WORD LIST - masyarakat societies
1. communities - kawasan kejiranan localities
2. neighbourhoods - kemiskinan deprivation
3. poverty - berat sebelah unfair
4. discriminatory - pelaburan expenditure
5. investment - asas elemental
6. underlying - menaikkan boost
7. uplift - dilarang prohibited
8. outlawed - ketinggalan zaman antiquated
9. outdated - memudaratkan ruining
10. harming
Article 2. Space Robots
There are lots of places in the universe people would like to explore. They want to go to Mars or
Saturn’s moon Titan and see if they could hold signs of life. But while some of these places might
hold new forms of life, they are not very good at holding humans. People may soon travel to the
Moon or Mars, but they will need to bring everything with them. The journeys are long,
dangerous, and expensive. In many cases, it is much easier to send a robot.
Space exploration by robot still is not cheap or easy. These robots cost billions of dollars,
and sometimes they break. But robots have many advantages over humans. For instance, they
do not require food, water, or oxygen. And robots can be very handy space explorers. They can
take samples and help scientists find out if a planet’s surface could host life. Other robots use
lasers to scout below the surface of Mars to find out what they are made of and if there are
quakes. And they can send back pictures, giving us a glimpse of places most of us will never
go.
sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/lets-learn-about-space-robots
WORD LIST
1. signs - tanda-tanda indications
2. dangerous - merbahaya deadly
3. expensive - mahal lavish
4. exploration - penerokaan investigation
5. break - tidak berfungsi malfunction
6. advantages - kelebihan benefits
7. handy - berguna useful
8. scout - meninjau search
9. quakes - gegaran shakes
10. glimpse - sekilas pandang glance
Article 3. Global Positioning System (GPS)
This is a system that can track location by using satellites in space and receivers on Earth. These
satellites send out regular signals that can be detected on Earth. Any device with a GPS receiver
can receive these signals.
A GPS receiver measures how long it takes for signals from different satellites to hit it.
Once the GPS receiver knows its own position it can place that location on a map. Then, the
map can use the location information to calculate how to get from that spot to wherever a person
wants to go.
The system relies on stations on Earth to communicate with the satellites. These stations
track each satellite’s location in space and the health of its batteries. They can also change a
satellite’s position around the Earth.
Lots of things now have GPS receivers inside, including smartphones, cars and even dog
collars. People put GPS receivers on anything they want to find if it gets lost, or to travel to a new
place. But they will not help you if you are inside a building. GPS signals are very weak. They can
be blocked by mountains or buildings.
sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/scientists-say-gps
WORD LIST
1. track - menjejaki trace
2. regular - biasa usual
3. device - peranti gadget
4. receiver - penerima recipient
5. measures - mengira calculates
6. position - kedudukan location
7. spot - tempat place
8. relies - bergantung depends
9. travel - mengembara journey
10. blocked - disekat restricted
Article 4. Worth the Shot
In the current climate of Covid-19 it is more important than ever to ensure the protection of older
adults, and those with underlying chronic conditions, against vaccine preventable diseases.
While there has recently been necessary focus on the importance of influenza vaccination
from governments and public health leaders around the world, pneumococcal pneumonia has
unfortunately been left out of the spotlight. This is especially worrying, considering people
infected with influenza who contract pneumonia experience even worse outcomes and increased
hospitalisation rates.
As a result, The World Coalition on Adult Vaccination is calling on professional, patient
and advocacy organisations, together with all levels of government to increase their investment
in educating and encouraging older adults and those with chronic diseases to be vaccinated
against influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia.
In line with the WHO Immunisation Agenda 2030, the World Coalition on Adult Vaccination
urges a cross-sectoral approach to investment and communication regarding the importance of
vaccination against respiratory disease to reduce functional decline, hospitalisations, morbidity,
mortality and healthcare costs, especially in light of the Covid-19 pandemic.
nst.com.my/lifestyle/heal/2020/11/642685/worth-shot
WORD LIST
1. ensure - memastikan secure
2. preventable - dapat dicegah avoidable
3. left out - diabaikan overlooked
4. coalition - gabungan alliance
5. advocacy - sokongan support
6. vaccinated - divaksinkan immunized
7. urges - menggesa presses
8. decline - merosot decrease
9. morbidity - keadaan tidak sihat unhealthy
10. mortality kesan dari penyakit death
- kematian
Article 5. What is Oceanography?
Oceanography is an interdisciplinary science integrating the fields of geology, biology,
chemistry, physics, and engineering to explore the ocean. Oceanography is a relatively young
field of science. Despite covering 71% of the planet, only 5% of the ocean has been explored.
Now more than ever in human history, tools and technologies are providing oceanographers to
explore the depths of the ocean.
Modern oceanography did not begin until World War II, when the U.S. Navy wanted to
learn more about the oceans to gain advantages in communicating across the Atlantic and
implementing submarine warfare.
Today, buoys and water column samplers are used to monitor sea surface conditions
and water quality factors, coring devices collect sediment samples, sonar helps create maps of
the seafloor, and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) allow us to safely and efficiently explore all
parts of the ocean. As ocean exploration increases and technology advances, so does our
understanding of the way the ocean functions and supports life on Earth.
Despite all of these technological advances, there is still so much more to learn and
explore. It is difficult to predict what ocean exploration will look like in the future.
nationalgeographic.org/media/ocean-exploration/
WORD LIST
1. interdisciplinary - antara bidang multidisciplinary
2. integrating - menyepadukan combining
3. relatively - secara perbandingannya comparatively
4. gain - memperoleh obtain
5. implementing - melaksanakan applying
6. warfare - peperangan combat
7. monitor - memantau surveil
8. sediment - mendapan residue
9. advances - semakin maju progresses
10. predict - meramalkan forecast
Article 6. Fireball Dropping Drones
The profession of firefighting must be quicker, safer, and cover greater ground. Fighting fires
still depends on cutting firebreaks, setting backfires, and spraying water. The best tools are
often simple ones: water hoses, bulldozers, brush-clearing axes.
Firefighters have taken innovative steps to try to keep up with the flames. An array of
new and existing technologies has been pulled into the fray including fireball-dropping drones.
Because of their size and manoeuvrability, drones can access places that fixed-wing aircraft
and helicopters cannot, making them arguably the greatest innovation in firefighting this year.
The drone can release 450 incendiary devices in less than four minutes. The small balls
are pin injected with antifreeze, which reacts with the ethylene glycol inside. The drone will
drop ping pong ball-sized devices that explode when they hit the ground, starting small fires
that will rob an approaching fire of the fuel it needs to spread. These small fires are known as
backfires.
The small balls enable the backfire to cover a strip of land that is 300 to 400 feet wider,
which made it a much more effective barrier against the spread of the wildfire.
nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/10/fireball-dropping-drones-new-technology-helping-fight-fires/
WORD LIST
1. firebreaks - pemecah api fire line
2. array - pelbagai variety
3. fray - kekalutan clash
4. maneuverability - keupayaan untuk bergerak controlled movement
5. incendiary - bahan mudah terbakar combustable
6. pin-injected - suntikan bahan lebur ke dalam acuan a molding process
7. ethylene glycol - cecair sintetik yang menyerap air compound (ch₂oh)₂
8. approaching - menghampiri close in
9. barrier - penghalang prevention
10. wildfires - kebakaran blaze
Article 7: Life under the sea
The ocean covers roughly 71% of our planet’s surface and is by far, the most dominant feature
of our world. About 60% of the ocean is the cold and dark region known as the deep ocean. It
reaches down 11,000 meters. This remote zone, once thought to be devoid of life due to lack of
sunlight, is one of the greatest habitats on Earth, harbouring a huge diversity of life.
There is an abundance of weird and wonderful life forms that have adapted to the
darkness. The anglerfish, with its cavernous mouth, spiky teeth, and a lamp-like structure jutting
from its head, is just one of these otherworldly creatures.
The deep sea is also the land of giants. Gargantuan squids can reach 18 meters long,
and isopods scuttle around the sea floor like enormous woodlice. There are also long-limbed
Japanese spider crabs, and oarfish, whose bodies stretch to 15 meters.
The oceans’ predators come in all shapes and sizes. Do not be fooled by a jellyfish’s
beautiful and gelatinous body - they pack a painful punch. With bodies made up of 95% water,
these delicate creatures must rely on thousands of venom containing stinging cells
called cnidocytes for protection and prey capture.
blog.ed.ted.com/2018/09/10/what-is-life-like-under-the-sea/
WORD LIST
1. feature - ciri – ciri important characteristic
2. devoid - tiada being without
3. harbouring - habitat to be the home of
4. abundance - banyak many
5. cavernous - seperti gua as if in caverns
6. jutting - terjuntai extend out
7. gargantuan - besar enormous
8. scuttle - bergerak ke sana ke mari scamper
9. long-limbed - anggota yang panjang expanded portion of an organ
10. gelatinous - bergelatin gooey
Article 8: Venus Flytrap
North Carolina is the one place on the planet where Venus flytraps are native. It is also home to
a number of other species of carnivorous plants, less famous and more widespread but no less
bizarre.
After years of study, Alexander Volkov, a plant physiologist at Oakwood University in
Alabama, believes he has figured out the Venus flytrap's secret. "This," Volkov declares, "is an
electrical plant.”
"When an insect brushes against a hair on the leaf of a Venus flytrap, the bending triggers
a tiny electric charge. The charge builds up inside the tissue of the leaf but is not enough to
stimulate the snap, which keeps the Venus flytrap from reacting to false alarms like raindrops. A
moving insect, however, is likely to brush a second hair, adding enough charge to trigger the leaf
to close.”
Volkov's experiments reveal that the charge travels down fluid-filled tunnels in a leaf,
which opens up pores in cell membranes. Water surges from the cells on the inside of the leaf
to those on the outside, causing the leaf to rapidly flip in shape from convex to concave, like a
soft contact lens. As the leaves flip, they snap together, trapping an insect inside.
nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2010/03/carnivorous-plants/
WORD LIST
1. native - berasal indigenous inhabitant
2. widespread - tersebar luas prevalent
3. bizarre - pelik odd
4. triggers - mencetus activate
5. builds up - terkumpul accumulate
6. stimulate - merangsang animate
7. fluid-filled - dipenuhi cecair contained with liquid
8. pores - liang pori passage of liquid
9. surges - lonjakan to rise suddenly
10. flip - berubah to turn
Article 9: Caterpillar Cannibalism
Some plants have been found to use nature’s dog-eat-dog world to their advantage, forcing
herbivores to become cannibals when the plants feel threatened by a caterpillar’s endless
appetite.
A new study published in the Nature Ecology and Evolution journal found that when
some plants are under attack from hungry herbivores, they emit defenses that make themselves
incredibly foul-tasting to caterpillars, which spurs the caterpillars to eat each other.
“Plants can defend themselves so much that they food-stress the herbivore, and then the
herbivores determine that rather than have plants on their menu, they should have caterpillars at
the top of their menu,” said John Orrock, the author of the study and a researcher in the
Department of Zoology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.
This phenomenon has been documented in a variety of plants, and research has
suggested that plants can sense when surrounding plants are under attack, which can spur the
production of methyl jasmonate in entire communities of plants.
Methyl jasmonate is a substance plants produce in response to environmental stresses—
to trigger the plants’ defense mechanisms. This chemical allows the plant to change its chemistry,
which makes it less appetizing to the beet armyworm caterpillars that are placed on a treated
plant.
nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/07/caterpillar-cannibalism-plant-defense-spd/
WORD LIST
1. cannibals - makan spesis sendiri one that eats the flesh of their own kind
2. endless - berpanjangan seeming to be without end
3. study - kajian research
4. ecology - ekologi interrelationship between organism and
environment
5. emit - mengeluarkan expel
6. foul-tasting - rasa tidak sedap offensive to the senses
7. food-stress - tekanan makanan stress that affect food preferences
8. determine - membuat keputusan decide
9. documented - dicatatkan written
10. spur - merangsang stimulate
Article 10. Military Cetaceans
When a beluga whale started approaching fishing boats and pulling on ropes near a small
Norwegian town in April, people became suspicious. The beluga was wearing a harness that
looked like it could carry a camera, and “Equipment of St. Petersburg" was stamped on the inside.
Marine experts have suggested that the whale was part of a Russian military program that
trains cetaceans for operations. The ability of these animals to detect and find targets at depth
or in murky water is something technology cannot duplicate yet, but which militaries find very
valuable.
The U.S. Navy trains its marine mammals including California sea lions and bottlenose
dolphins—to find and retrieve equipment lost at sea and to identify intruders swimming into
restricted areas. The dolphins are also used to detect mines that are either buried in the seafloor
or floating in the water, tethered to an anchor.
Both California sea lions and bottlenose dolphins are fairly hardy, smart, and very
trainable. Sea lions also have the advantage of being amphibious. That is why the U.S. Navy
ended up using them instead of other marine mammals like false killer whales or belugas, which
they also initially looked at.
nationalgeographic.com/news/2019/5/140328-navy-dolphin-sea-lion-combat-ocean-animal-science/
WORD LIST
1. harness - abah-abah attach
2. cetaceans - mamalia laut marine mammals
3. murky - keruh muddy
4. duplicate - tiru copy
5. intruders - penceroboh trespassers
6. mines - periuk api explosive that is placed in the ground
7. tethered - ditambat fastened to
8. anchor - sauh kapal device used to hold ship at its place
9. hardy - berani brave
10. amphibious - dua alam adapt to both land and water
Article 11. “Littering” Problem in Space?
Space debris (also known as space junk) is a term for defunct human-made objects in space,
which no longer serve a useful function. The junk includes the stages from rocket parts that
launch satellites into orbit, and the satellites themselves once they die. But it also includes
smaller bits and pieces lost to space including paint chips that flake away from the outsides of
devices even a spatula.
Space junk has been amassing since the first human-made satellite, Sputnik 1, escaped
Earth's gravitational pull on 1957 which marks the start of the Space Age as humans began to
explore ever further away from our home world until now. But that also indicates we have left
our mark on space in the form of trash. This issue had not been taken seriously before, until the
incidents of satellite collisions happened in 2006 and 2009.
We have become increasingly reliant on the growing constellation of satellites up
above. Not only are they invaluable for science but we use them for communication, navigation,
weather forecasting, and more. So rather than halting future launches, researchers have been
investigating an array of methods to both remove and reduce the space junk.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/reference/space-junk/
WORD LIST
1. debris - serpihan rubbish
2. defunct - tidak berfungsi obsolete
3. flake - mengelupas chip away
4. spatula - sudip a big spoon
5. amassing - terkumpul buildup
6. indicates - bermaksud means
7. reliant - bergantung dependent
8. constellation - kumpulan / buruj arrangement
(bintang & angkasa)
9. halting - menghentikan hesitant
10. array - pelbagai range
Article 12. What is Ultrasound?
Ultrasound is sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human
hearing. Human ears can hear anything between 20 and 20,000 hertz. Ultrasound consists of
sound waves higher than that; this is the reason why humans could not hear them.
For many decades, medicine has relied on ultrasound to picture soft tissues inside the
body. This type of diagnostic ultrasound, usually with a transducer, uses low-energy waves. That
makes it safe for checking the health of unborn babies in the womb. Doctors also use it to scan
for diseases in children and adults. More recently, researchers have been studying how
ultrasound with higher energy might be used to treat certain diseases. This is
called therapeutic ultrasound. In fact, doctors already use therapeutic ultrasound to treat kidney
stones. The high-energy sound waves break kidney stones into tiny pieces, thus makes it easier
for the body to flush them out.
Researchers are also studying other possible therapeutic uses for ultrasound, too. For
example, they would like to destroy cancer cells without harming neighbouring cells. They also
have shown that ultrasound can trigger brain cells to release signalling chemicals. This might
one day lead to treatments for brain diseases and mood disorders.
https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/explainer-what-ultrasound
WORD LIST
1. audible - dapat didengar loud
2. hertz - hertz (unit) a measuring unit for sound waves
3. relied - bergantung depend
4. waves - gelombang signal
5. scan - imbas skim
6. recently - baru-baru ini lately
7. treat - merawat remedy
8. flush out - mengusir cleanse
9. harming - memudaratkan damaging
10. trigger - pencetus spark
Article 13 Biomass- Waste or energy?
Biomass is a modern name for the technology of incinerating or composting plant / animal
material for energy production or in various industrial processes as raw substance for a range of
products. Most trash items such as banana peels, used napkin, and even a broken pencil, are
considered as biomass waste. We can convert that energy into other forms and use it to light a
reading lamp, cook a meal, or as fuel in our cars.
Furthermore, using solid waste instead of fossil fuels reduces air and water pollution as
well. For example, when we drive our cars, we use fossil fuels that took Nature millions of years
to make and we emit harmful waste like carbon dioxide and toxic chemicals in the air. We need
to find other resources that make inexpensive energy to safeguard our planet for future
generations.
There are four major types of biomass waste: agricultural, animal manure, forestry, and
landfill. By using different technologies, we can recycle them as biofuels or electricity. These
biofuels are already used recently in cars, trucks, ships, and airplanes (even in jets). Additionally,
we can send less trash into landfills and operate closer to a closed-loop system, just like Nature.
https://sciencejournalforkids.org/articles/waste-to-energy-how-can-we-get-the-most-from-our-waste/
WORD LIST
1. incinerating - pembakaran to burn
2. composting - membajai fertilising
3. convert - mengubah change
4. emit - mengeluarkan release
5. toxic - toksik poisonous
6. inexpensive - tidak mahal not costly
7. safeguard - melindungi protection
8. manure - baja (dari najis haiwan) compost
9. biofuel - sistem kitaran tertutup Fuel that is made from renewable plant or
animal sources
10. additionally - tambahan moreover
Article 14. GM Tomatoes to the Rescue!
Fruits and vegetables contain powerful agents called antioxidants that can help us fight many
diseases, including one of the biggest culprits of all: cancer. Scientists are working hard on
finding or developing substances that help fight or prevent cancer, in which one of them is through
the fabrication of genetically modified (GM) fruits and vegetables, particularly tomatoes! It is
proven that a tomato contains huge number of antioxidants (called flavonoids) that can help
combat or thwart cancer and other diseases.
The genetically modified tomato has even more of these lucrative antioxidants, and could
be useful for cancer prevention, whether as a whole fruit or as an extract or food supplement. In
fact, few lab experiments made by scientists around the world demonstrated that the extract of
genetically modified tomatoes killed more cancer cells than traditional ones. Plus, they are even
able to identify various compounds of the tomato extract that might be key players in eradicating
cancer.
Now, with genetic analysis and engineering, this shows what exactly is happening when
beneficial compounds from our food encounter harmful cells in our body. So next time you hear
“Eat your veggies,” do not just roll your eyes or ignore this advice!
https://sciencejournalforkids.org/articles/how-can-gm-tomatoes-help-fight-cancer/
WORD LIST
1. antioxidants - antioksidan A substance that slows down the rate of decay due to
oxidization process
2. culprits - petualang A person or thing responsible for something wrong
3. fabrication - pengeluaran production
4. combat - melawan fight
5. thwart - menghalang Prevent
6. lucrative - penting beneficial
7. supplement - tambahan an addition made to supply something lacking
8. eradicating - membasmi Eliminating
9. genetic - genetik Of genes or genetics
10. encounter - menemui Come in contact with
Article 15. Medicine in Our Waters
Each medicine comes with a long description of side effects on its packet outlining what
reactions might occur in our body when we take it. What it does not warn us about is that these
side effects can also occur outside our body – in nature! That is because our bodies do not use
up medicines completely. Whatever is left over must come out the other side, making its way into
toilets, and from there, via the sewage systems, into ponds, rivers, lakes, and oceans
Could they have a damaging impact on aquatic ecosystems? Few researchers from
Merrimack College Department of Biology, USA, conducted an experiment on how drugs may
affect the behaviour of a male Betta fish. Using the metformin drug which doctors prescribe it to
confront diabetes, it is observed that the male Betta fish became less aggressive as the
chemicals from the drug in the water has altered the amount of hormones that it produces and in
turn, changed their behaviour. Less aggressive actions mean less able to defend their territory,
make nests, and find mates which is vital for the stability of their aquatic ecosystem.
https://sciencejournalforkids.org/articles/medicine-in-our-waters-so-what/
WORD LIST
1. description - penerangan An act of describing
To take place / to happen
2. occur - berlaku By way of / through
Waste matter (carried away in sewers)
3. via - melalui Also known as Siamese fighting fish
To bring face to face with / to oppose
4. sewage - kumbahan seen
ready to attack or oppose; quarrelsome
5. Betta fish - ikan laga changed
6. confront - berhadapan important; crucial
7. observed - diperhatikan
8. aggressive - agresif
9. altered - menukar
10. vital - penting
Article 16. Does Eating Blue Cheese Contribute to Antibiotic Resistance?
Discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928, the antibiotic properties of penicillin, derived from
a species of Penicillium fungus, are still widely used today, though many bacteria have become
resistant to the drug over time.
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria are regularly exposed to doses of antibiotic
that are not quite strong enough to kill all the bacteria. In these situations, the antibiotics only
kill off the weakest bacteria, which leaves the slightly stronger ones to multiply and spread
their more resistant genes.
Blue cheese does contain cultures of Penicillium mould. You might therefore think that
eating too much blue cheese could have a similar effect to antibiotic resistance, by
overexposing the bacteria in your body to Penicillium.
However, the strains of Penicillium that are used in cheesemaking are different to the
ones in the drug, and do not have any significant antibiotic properties to begin with. Besides,
they are destroyed by your stomach acid any way.
BBC Science Focus (October 2019)
WORD LIST - penisilin A type of antibiotic of low toxicity
1. penicillin
2. derived - memperoleh To obtain from something
3. widely
4. resistant - secara meluas In many or various cases
5. regularly
6. slightly - bersifat melawan / menentang Withstand or oppose something
7. spread
8. mould - secara tetap, biasa, yang kerap Usually, ordinarily,at regular times
9. overexposing
10. strains - lebih, yang sedikit A small measure or degree
- menyebar, tersebar Expand, in growth
- cetakan Specific nature type
- terlalu banyak terdedah To expose too much
- Keturunan (pelbagai) A variety of an organism
Article 17. Chewing Gum Takes Seven Years to Digest
The digestive system is not like an in-tray, where everything remains until fully processed; it is
more like a conveyor belt. Whatever you eat moves through your intestines at roughly the same
speed, and anything that does not get broken down and absorbed into your bloodstream passes
out the other end. Chewing gum cannot stick to the wet intestinal wall, so a single piece of
swallowed gum normally gets swept along with everything else. There a few cases in the
medical literature of small children swallowing many pieces of gum that formed a lump too large
to pass. But this quickly caused severe constipation and pain and needed surgery to remove.
But supposing some gum did somehow get trapped, would it take seven years to digest?
Chewing gum is 70 to 85 per cent sweeteners, flavourings, and starch, all of which are
digestible. The remaining 15 to 30 per cent is a blend of synthetic polymers, often including
butyl rubber. This rubber is also used to make the seals on chemistry lab flasks and is rated as
suitable for storing hydrochloric acid that is 30 times more concentrated than the acid in your
stomach. So, if you could somehow withstand the severe constipation, the gum would likely
last at least seven years.
BBC Science Focus (October 2019)
WORD LIST
1. digestive - penghadaman Promotes the digestion of food
2. conveyor - alat pembawa barang A medium to transport things
3. swallowed - menelan Allow food to pass down to throat
4. lump - ketulan, gumpalan A compact mass
5. severe - teruk, parah, yang serius Something bad, undesirable, intense
6. constipation - sembelit A difficult condition to empty the bowel
7. synthetic - sintetik (tiruan, buatan) Not genuine, to imitate natural product
8. polymers - polimer A chemical substance
9. seals - penutup A device to close or trap something
10. withstand - bertahan daripada sesuatu Remain undamaged or unaffected
Article 18. Are Our Pets Bad for the Environment?
In a word, yes. The biggest environmental impact associated with our animal companions
comes from producing meat-based pet food, which uses land, water, and energy resources,
and is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions.
According to one estimate, owning a medium-size dog can have a similar carbon
footprint to a large SUV. Plant and grain-eating pets such as rabbits and rodents have a much
smaller impact. As well as food, pets need toys, grooming products, and various accessories,
which also come at an environmental cost. To reduce the strain on the environment, buy only
the food they need, and have your pet spayed or neutered to reduce the chance of unwanted
litters, which can lead to overpopulation in rescue shelters.
Finally, some cat owners worry about the wild animals killed by their moggy. But while
UK cats are estimated to kill up to 300 million prey a year – mostly small mammals and birds –
there’s no clear evidence that this causes a decline in wild populations.
BBC Science Focus (December 2019)
WORD LIST - mengaitkan Make a conceptual connection between
1. associated - peneman, sahabat A person or thing to spend time with
2. companions - pengeluaran The action of emitting something
3. emissions - kesan jejak A set of actions that leave a trace
4. footprint - tekanan A force that affecting to an extreme degree
5. strain - memandulkan (betina) Sterilise by removing the ovaries
6. spayed - memandulkan (jantan) Sterilise by removing the testicles
7. neutered - seperindukan A number of young animals born from an
8. litters animal at one time
- tempat perlindungan A place for protection
9. shelters - kucing A cat, particularly as a pet
10. moggy
Article 19. My Chair is Killing Me
Sixty years ago, researchers found that bus drivers had twice as many heart attacks as bus
conductors. The difference was that the bus conductor was on his feet all day, whereas the
driver was sitting down. Long periods of sitting are typically associated with and inactive
lifestyle, which is a risk factor for heart disease, dementia, and diabetes.
It is a vicious cycle because the collagen around your tendons and ligaments tends
to harden when the joints are not moving, and the postural muscles around your trunk
gradually get weaker. This reduces your flexibility and makes you more likely to strain your back
or shoulders when you bend or lift. Without the need to support your weight, your leg bones
become more porous and blood tends to pool your ankles, which can lead to varicose veins
and even deep vein thrombosis.
The good news is that a 2016 analysis of studies of over a million people found that you
can completely counter the negative effects of a desk job by doing 50 to 75 minutes of moderate
physical exercise every day.
BBC Science Focus (August 2019)
WORD LIST
1. dementia - demensia A chronic mental disorder marked by memory
failures
2. vicious - ganas Cruel or violent
3. tendons - urat A flexible, inelastic tissue attaching a muscle
4. ligaments - ikatan sendi tulang Tough, flexible tissue connecting two bones
5. joints - sendi A structure where two bones are fitter
together
6. trunk - tubuh badan Torso, the body excludes head and limbs
7. porous - berongga A condition where liquid or air may pass
8. varicose - mengembang Swollen, twisted, and lengthened
9. thrombosis - pembekuan darah Clotting of blood
10. moderate - sederhana Average in amount, intensity, quality, or
degree
Article 21. The Goblin Shark
Forget the great white shark from Jaws or the megalodon from The Meg: there is a new
superstar shark in town, and it will give you more nightmares than both of them combined. Meet
the goblin shark.
This secretive, four-metre long fish was first found off the eastern coast of Japan, where
it was described in 1898. With its unusually long snout and fleshy skin tone, the shark was
given the name tenguzame – a reference to a mythical Japanese monster with a long face,
pink skin and demonic jaws, which led to the Western translation ‘goblin shark’. In recent years,
rare video of footage has shown just how incredible its jaws are. First, the goblin shark uses
electroreceptors on its long nose to detect the electrical fields of fish. Then, when prey is
located, it uses the natural buoyancy provided by its large, oil-rich liver to float silently towards
it. When the unwary fish gets within the range – SMASH! – a pair of extendable jaws filled with
nail-like teeth lunge out from its face.
In every sense, the goblin shark is a creature ripe for Hollywood to exploit. Let’s just
hope that it doesn’t follow in the path of many of its shark cousins and become exploited by
fishing fleets, too.
BBC Science Focus (June 2019)
WORD LIST
1. megalodon - sejenis jerung besar An extinct giant shark
yang sudah pupus
2. coast - kawasan pantai The part of land near the sea
3. snout - muncung The projecting nose and mouth of an animal
4. fleshy - berdaging Plump, having a substantial amount of flesh
5. mythical - mitos, dongeng A widely held but false belief
6. electroreceptors - penerima eletrik An array of tiny, electrically sensitive ampullar
organs present in sharks
7. buoyancy - keapungan Ability to keep afloat
8. unwary - tidak berhati-hati Not cautious
9. lunge - serbuan mengejut Make a sudden forward thrust
10. fleets - armada A group of ships sailing together
Article 22. What are Smart Homes?
A convenient home setup where appliances and devices can be automatically controlled
remotely from anywhere in the world using a mobile or other networked device. A smart home
has its devices interconnected through the Internet, which control functions such as security
access to the home. It is also known as a Home Automation. In short, this means that the
technology in your house enables you to control your house remotely.
A smart home consists of multiple smart applications whereby in most cases, connected
with each other and can be accessed through a central point. Examples of central points are
laptops and tablets. The smart applications can be used to execute various tasks in your house.
For instance, smart applications can control the temperature of your home, switch appliances on
or off, or control lighting and program.
Smart Home appliances also have the possibility to include self-learning skills. With
these appliances’ homeowners could be warned if any motion is detected in their homes while
they are away, or the Smart Home appliance can call the fire department in case of a house fire.
These examples are just some of the many tasks that can be performed by Smart Home
technology.
written by Ivo Hulman for IThappens.nu
WORD LIST
1. Convenient - Sesuai Suitable
2. Interconnected - Saling berhubungan To connect
3. Remotely - Dari jauh From a distance
4. Accessed - Akses Entry
5. Execute - Melaksanakan Carry out
6. Appliances - Alat perkakas Devices
7. Possibility - Kemungkinan Chances
8. Homeowners - Pemilik rumah Landlord
9. Tasks - Role Function
10. Performed - Menjalankan Execute
Article 23. Development of Vacuum Cleaner Robot
Modern households are becoming more automated thereby delivering convenience and reducing
time spent on house chores. While vacuum cleaners have made home cleaning easier, they are
largely noisy and bulky for everyday use. It is therefore sine qua non to improve the technology
of vacuum cleaning to reduce these deficiencies.
The developed robot is disk-shaped, equipped with vacuuming and cleaning technology
and controlled by Arduino mega microcontroller. It sucks dirt via a retractable dustbin on top of
which a cooling fan is mounted, and two sweepers each driven by a 3 V DC motor. The robot
navigates via two motor shield controlled rear wheels and a front caster wheel which also governs
its turning. Four ultrasonic sensors, placed at 90° apart, detect obstacles and subsequently help
the robot navigate.
The robot is powered by 3 batteries (28.8 V DC), rechargeable via an embedded AC-DC
adapter. It is 12 cm wide and 9 cm tall making it easy for maneuvering its environment. Its weight
is about 1.5 kg. When fully charged, a 2200 mAh-capacity battery works continuously for two
hours and cleans floor efficiently. With this capability, the device will be deployed for office and
home use thereby making cleaning a fully autonomous duty.
WORD LIST - Automatik Alexandria Engineering Journal
1. Automated - Semahu-mahunya
2. Sine qua non - Kekurangan Operate automatically
3. Deficiences - Menyedut Without which, not
4. Vacuuming - Melalui A lack or shortage
5. Via - Kemudi Sucking
6. Navigates - Seterusnya Through
7. Subsequently - Tertanam Steer
8. Embedded - Bergerak Afterwards
9. Manuevering - Dikerahkan Fixed firmly
10. Deployed Move skillfully
Station
Article 24. Sepang International Circuit (SIC)
The Sepang International Circuit was constructed between 1997 and 1999. It is close
to Putrajaya, the then-newly founded administrative capital of the country, with the intent of
hosting the Malaysian Grand Prix. The circuit is known for its unpredictable humid tropical
weather, varying from clear furnace hot days to tropical rain storms.
The inaugural Grand Prix at Sepang was held in 1999, and saw Michael
Schumacher return to the sport after his absence due to a broken leg sustained at that
year's British Grand Prix. Ferrari dominated the race, with Schumacher handing the victory to
title-hopeful teammate Eddie Irvine, only for both Ferraris to be disqualified due to a technical
irregularity, before later being reinstated.
From 2001, the Malaysian Grand Prix moved from the end of the season to the beginning,
which has seen some topsy-turvy results with many races heavily influenced by the winners and
losers of the scramble for position into the tight double hairpin bend at the first corner.
The 2001 event was led by Jos Verstappen with a heavy rainstorm in the middle of the
race. As the track begun to dry, he fell back to seventh, but his efforts to keep positions were
memorable.
Wikipedia
WORD LIST
1. Founded - Diwujudkan Set up
2. Intent - Niat Wish
3. Humid - Lembap Damp, wet
4. Furnace - Panas Piping hot
5. Inaugural - Kemunculan sulung Debut
6. Dominated - Menguasai Control
7. Reinstated - Dikembalikan semula Restore
8. Topsy-turvy - Turun naik Upside down
9. Hairpin - Selekoh tajam U-shaped corner
10. Elsewhere - Tempat lain Other places
Article 25: Turbocharger
A turbocharger, colloquially known as a turbo, is a turbine-driven, forced induction device that
increases an internal combustion engine's efficiency and power output by forcing extra
compressed air into the combustion chamber. This improvement over a naturally aspirated
engine's power output is because the compressor can force more air—and proportionately more
fuel—into the combustion chamber than atmospheric pressure (and for that matter, ram air
intakes) alone.
Turbochargers were originally known as turbosuperchargers when all forced
induction devices were classified as superchargers. Today, the term "supercharger" is typically
applied only to mechanically driven forced induction devices. The key difference between a
turbocharger and a conventional supercharger is that a supercharger is mechanically driven by
the engine, often through a belt connected to the crankshaft, whereas a turbocharger is powered
by a turbine driven by the engine's exhaust gas. Compared with a mechanically driven
supercharger, turbochargers tend to be more efficient, but less responsive. Twincharger refers to
an engine with both a supercharger and a turbocharger.
Manufacturers commonly use turbochargers in truck, car, train, aircraft, and construction-
equipment engines. They are most often used with Otto cycle and Diesel cycle internal
combustion engines.
Wikipedia
WORD LIST
1. Colloquially - Slanga Informallly
2. Induction - Daya aruhan Compressed motor air
3. Combustion - Pembakaran High temperature burning
4. Aspirated - Aspirasi Naturally aspirated engine
5. Proportionately - Kadaran Ratio
6. Atmospheric - Tekanan atmosfera Air/atmospheric pressure
7. Classified - Diklasifikasikan Categorised
8. Crankshaft - Engkol Shaft driven by crank mechanism
9. Exhaust - Ekzos Waste gases
10. Otto cycle - Kitaran otto Idealized thermodynaic cycle
Article 26. Hovercraft
The Hovercraft began its life in 1955 when inventor Sir Christopher Cockerell tested out his idea
for a floating/flying craft by putting a cat food tin inside a coffee tin. To test his 'hover' theory the
inventor then blew a jet of air through the gap between the two tins to create a cushion of air.
After fine-tuning his designs, he secured funding to build a Hovercraft with the help from
Saunders Roe, a flying boat firm. It took them eight months to build the 20ft craft which first took
to the seas on 25th July 1959, crossing the English Channel from Calais to Dover in two hours
with Christopher Cockerell onboard.
Hovercraft, any of a series of British-built and British-operated air-cushion vehicles (ACVs)
that for 40 years ferried passengers and automobiles between southern England and northern
France. The cross-Channel Hovercraft were built by Saunders-Roe Limited of the Isle of
Wight and its successor companies. The first in the series, known as SR.N1 crossed the
Channel for the first time on July 25, 1959. The Hovercraft was a revolution in sea travel. In the
1960's the fleet of craft could be seen plying the English Channel and The Solent.
Hampshire & Isle of Wight Local History BBC Home
WORD LIST - Pencipta A person who invent
1. Inventor - Kapal Vessel
2. Craft
3. Hover - Apung Levitate
4. Fine-tuning
5. Crossing - Penalaan halus Make small adjustment, tweaking
6. Ferried
7. Successor - Menyeberangi Action of crossing
8. Onboard
9. Revolution - Diangkut Transported
10. Plying
- Pengganti Replacement/heir
- Atas kapal On or in a ship
- Titik perunahan Turning point
- Terbang Travel/fly
Article 27: Hidden Mental Toll of the Pandemic
Increased feelings of isolation amid the Covid-19 pandemic may be causing many people
to suffer from mental health problems including feeling suicidal, said Befrienders Penang. Its
vice-chairman Saras Pillay said restrictions under the Movement Control Order, including having
to work or study from home, have caused loneliness.
She said the signs included sudden changes in behaviour, lack of motivation, being non-
communicative, insomnia, extreme sadness, being slow to function or respond and being unable
to focus. Saras said the economic downturn, which led to many people losing their jobs, was
another cause that could trigger a sense of hopelessness. “Many are struck with panic attacks
and uncertainties when they lose their jobs and face sudden financial difficulties.”
She said that following the various stages of the movement control order implemented
since March, volunteers at Befrienders Penang had been trying their best to provide emotional
support to those in need.
thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2020/11/27/hidden-mental-toll-of-the-pandemic
WORD LIST - terasing separation
1. isolation menderita afflict
ingin bunuh diri desire to kill themselves
2. suffer - kesunyian unhappiness
penyakit susah tidur sleep disorder
3. suicidal - kejatuhan ekonomi recession
putus asa despair
4. loneliness - serangan ketakutan intense fear
keraguan doubts
5. insomnia - sokongan emosi psychological support
6. economic downturn -
7. hopelessness -
8. panic attacks -
9. uncertainties -
10. emotional support -
Article 28: Childhood Obesity
Children who have a body mass index (BMI) at the same level or higher than 95 percent
of their peers are considered to be obese. BMI is a tool used to determine your “weight status.”
BMI is calculated using your height and weight. Your BMI percentile (where your BMI value falls
in relation to other people) is then determined using your gender and age.
Childhood obesity is a serious health threat to children. Kids in the obese category have
surpassed simply being overweight and are at risk for a number of chronic health conditions.
Poor health stemming from childhood obesity can continue into adulthood. Childhood obesity
doesn’t just affect physical health. Children and teens who are overweight or obese can become
depressed and have poor self-image and self-esteem.
Family history, psychological factors, and lifestyle all play a role in childhood obesity.
Children whose parents or other family members are overweight or obese are more likely to
follow suit. However, the main cause of childhood obesity is a combination of eating too much
and exercising too little.
healthline.com/health/weight-loss/weight-problems-in-children
WORD LIST - indeks jisim tubuh body fat measure
1. body mass index rakan sebaya friends of the same age
sangat gemuk extremely fat
2. peers - ancaman danger
melebihi exceeded
3. obese - berisiko exposed to
bermula coming from
4. threat - murung unhappy
mengikut langkah be the same
5. surpassed - punca utama major factor
6. at risk -
7. stemming -
8. depressed -
9. follow suit -
10. main cause -
Article 29: Gadget Addiction
Gadget addiction among young people, especially students, is at a worrying level. Too
many young people are too dependent on digital devices and are completely disregarding the
real world.
Dr Wan Azizah, who is also the Women, Family and Community Development Minister,
said that children as young as two or three years old have started playing with digital devices.
She was quoted as saying that the problem of “digital drugs” occurred when an individual spent
more than four hours using the Internet for something unrelated to work or study.
Other studies have shown that extreme Internet usage of more than six hours per day –
the average is two hours a day – would negatively impact the well-being of children. Apart from
addiction, there is also concern about children’s eyesight being affected. A global study
concluded that children should not be exposed to electronic gadgets, including television, for more
than two hours a week to avoid serious implications for their eyes. This means that children
should only be allowed to play with or watch such devices about 17 minutes daily.
thestar.com.my/opinion/letters/2019/09/24/watch-out-for-gadget-addiction
WORD LIST - membimbangkan alarming
1. worrying - bergantung relied on
2. dependent - mengabaikan ignoring
3. disregarding - peranti digital electronic gadgets
4. digital devices - terjadi happened
5. occurred - tidak berkaitan irrelevant
6. unrelated - berlebihan high
7. extreme - kesihatan health
8. well-being - daya penglihatan vision
9. eyesight - kesan-kesan consequences
10. implications
Article 30: Attitude Is a Little Thing That Makes a Big Difference
There’s a direct correlation between a positive attitude and better relationships, superior
health, and greater success. Some studies show that personality traits like optimism and
pessimism can affect many areas of your health and well-being.
A positive attitude can boost your energy, heighten your inner strength, inspire others,
and garner the fortitude to meet difficult challenges. According to research from the Mayo Clinic,
positive thinking can increase your lifespan, decrease depression, reduce levels of distress,
offer better psychological and physical well-being, and enable you to cope better during hardships
and times of stress.
One theory is that having a positive outlook enables you to cope better with stressful
situations, which reduces the harmful health effects of stress on your body. It’s also thought that
positive and optimistic people tend to live healthier lifestyles — they get more physical activity,
follow a healthier diet, and don’t smoke or drink alcohol in excess.
foundationforpn.org/living-well/lifestyle/power-of-attitude/
WORD LIST - terbaik finest
1. superior
2. traits - ciri-ciri attributes
3. optimism - kepercayaan positif positive belief
4. pessimism - kepercayaan negatif negative belief
5. inner strength - kekuatan dalaman mind power
6. garner - mengumpul reserve
7. fortitude - kecekalan endurance
8. lifespan - jangka hayat lifetime
9. distress - kebimbangan misery
10. positive outlook - perspektif yang baik constructive view
Article 31: Why Do We Love Junk Food?
You asked us, “Why do we love junk food?” A lot of money and strategy goes into
designing junk food. A lot of effort also goes into designing junk food too. The goal is to make it
cheap and handy. Even though it has little to no nutritional value, the goal is to keep you wanting
more.
It is typically high in things like salt, sugar, and fat. They trigger pleasure centres in our
brains, making us feel oh-so-yummy-good and making us want to keep eating. See, our brains
are relatively big. They require a lot of energy to do their things, so we evolved in high-energy
food. Beyond the super high calorie count, junk food makers have a million tricks up their sleeves
when it comes to making their products tempting.
Like the melt-in-your-mouth quality that tricks us. We think the calories have magically
floated away. It is flavour that is so big, it overwhelms your brain, and you end up not wanting
anymore. So despite knowing it is not good for us, eating it is linked with things like obesity,
diabetes, heart disease and even cancer. Junk food can be hard to resist.
tweentribune.com/article/tween56/why-do-we-love-junk-food/
WORD LIST - mudah dicapai useful
1. handy - mencetuskan bring about
2. trigger - keseronokan delight
3. pleasure - secara perbandingannya compared with
4. relatively - berevolusi turned into
5. evolved - muslihat ploys
6. tricks - menyelerakan intriguing
7. tempting - mengalahkan conquers
8. overwhelms - berat badan berlebihan corpulence
9. obesity - melawan refrain
10. resist
Article 32: How Emojis Could Help People with Food Allergies
Someday soon, an emoji might literally save lives. Hiroyuki Komatsu is an engineer. He
works at Google and proposed to add a range of new icons. They would be added to the standard
emoji library. “Emoji should cover characters representing major food allergens.” That's what
Komatsu wrote in his proposal. “It enables people to understand what ingredients are used in
foods even in foreign countries and safely select meals.”
Emojis are everywhere. They are iconic. This makes them helpful for restaurants. They
are helpful for food packaging designers as they can communicate whether a product is made
with common allergens. Many of the most common food allergens are missing. If they do exist,
they may be poorly represented. This is regarding the current emoji library. These common food
emojis include peanuts, soy, and milk.
That's what Komatsu’s proposal argues. There is an emoji for octopus but there is nothing
for squid. There is a loaf of bread that could symbolise gluten, but a bundle of wheat could be
clearer. It could be more direct when labelling foods.
tweentribune.com/article/junior/how-emojis-could-help-people-food-allergies/
WORD LIST - secara nyata exactly
1. literally - mencadangkan suggested
2. proposed - bahan yang alergi antigens
3. allergens - memungkinkan allows
4. enables - luar non-native
5. foreign - terkenal well-known
6. iconic - memberitahu convey
7. communicate - dengan teruk badly
8. poorly - membincangkan asserts
9. argues - melambangkan signify
10. symbolise
Article 33: Italy’s Covid-19 Death Toll Tops 50,000
ROME: Italy, the first European country to be hit by the global coronavirus pandemic,
passed the threshold of 50,000 deaths from Covid-19.Most took place earlier this year, but
around 15,000 deaths have been reported since the beginning of September. The health ministry
recorded 630 new deaths in the past 24 hours, bringing the total to 50,453. There were 22,930
new cases, to total more than 1.4 million.
Italy joins the United States, Brazil, India, Mexico, and the United Kingdom in passing the
symbolic 50,000-death mark. A punishing lockdown of all its 60 million residents brought the first
outbreak under control but, as elsewhere, the number of cases has risen sharply in recent
months. Deaths have followed, with more than 750 recorded in one 24-hour period last week. The
worst daily toll in Italy was 969 deaths, on March 27.
The Italian government has sought to avoid another lockdown after it crippled the
economy, focusing instead on regional restrictions alongside a nationwide night-time curfew.
Officials say the measures, which include the closure of bars, restaurants and shops in the worst-
hit areas, are having an effect. Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte said last week that Italians should
expect a "more sober Christmas, without Christmas Eve gatherings, hugs and kisses.
nst.com.my/world/world/2020/11/643771/italys-covid-19-death-toll-tops-50000
WORD LIST - peringkat tertinggi maximum level
1. threshold
2. punishing - menyeksakan stressful
3. outbreak - gelombang eruption
4. elsewhere - tempat lain other places
5. sharply - dengan mendadak dramatically
6. toll - jumlah total
7. sought - mencuba tried
8. lockdown - penutupan detention
9. crippled - melumpuhkan destroyed
10. curfew - perintah berkurung stay indoors
Article 34: Grab That Mop for an Indoor Workout!
Instead of suggesting the traditional jumping jacks, planks, and crunches, I am going to
recommend something different – a combination of cardio and strength training exercises – to
spice things up and spring clean your home at the same time. All you need is a mop (or vacuum
cleaner if your space is carpeted), a rag cloth and a pail of water.
First, get the furniture out of the way to ensure that you do not miss any spots on the floor.
Put on some music so that you can follow a rhythm. Then, grab a mop (or vacuum cleaner) and
start mopping, using big strokes – up, down, left, right and diagonal. Do each stroke 10 times
before changing direction. Use both hands to move the mop first, then switch to a single hand,
alternating between both your hands. That way, you will not overwork your dominant arm. To
mop under the sofa, chair, or bed, get into a deep squat position or kneel to get to those hard-to-
reach places.
Most household chores burn calories using some of the same physical movements that
you do in the gym. Apparently, mopping can burn roughly 240 calories an hour. The more you
move, the more calories you will burn, as every activity can add up. Who says you need a gym?
thestar.com.my/lifestyle/health/2020/04/10/grab-that-mop-for-an-indoor-workout
WORD LIST - senaman kardio physical exercise
1. cardio - pembersihan thorough cleaning
2. spring clean - irama beat
3. rhythm - garisan pepenjuru sloping line
4. diagonal - tukar transform
5. switch - bersilih ganti rotating
6. alternating - terlalu mengunakan overburden
7. overwork - belah utama preferred side
8. dominant - melutut genuflect
9. kneel - secara kasar approximately
10. roughly
Article 35: Mental Health Day
The 10th of October marks World Mental Health Day, which aims to raise awareness and
start more discussions pertaining to mental health. Having sound mental health does not mean
that you are always happy. On the opposite end, having mental health issues also does not mean
that you are always melancholic. There should be a balance between the two extremes.
Things you can do to help your mental wellbeing include making time for yourself.
Revel in things you enjoy doing and help you be at ease. For example, play sports, go for walks,
or be with friends. If you are feeling stressed or overwhelmed, take a break and step away from
the situation you are in. A change of scene could help rejuvenate your mind. Things you can
do to help a friend include checking up on them. Take the time to talk to your friends about how
they are and what is going on at home. If you notice your friend is not doing too well, spend some
time outdoors together. You could kick a ball around, play with your pet, or gaze at the sky.
kiwikidsnews.co.nz/mental-health-day-10th-october/
WORD LIST - menandakan represents
1. marks - mengenai about
2. pertaining to - sihat healthy
3. sound - murung depressed
4. melancholic - bersuka ria celebrate
5. revel - selesa comfortable
6. at ease - tidak tertanggung beaten
7. overwhelmed - pergi escape from
8. step away - menyegarkan refresh
9. rejuvenate - memandang look
10. gaze
Article 36: To Screen or Not To Screen?
Tyson rises and gets ready. It’s his first day of school. He opens his laptop. He is not
going anywhere. The COVID-19 pandemic has made it hazardous for many students around the
world to gather in person for classes. Online learning means lots of screen time. Research has
indicated that kids who spend a lot of time on screens are prone to have eye problems, weight
problems and trouble with reading and language.
How should kids and teens navigate this predicament? Having at least one daily work
out is great, but you should still get up and move around regularly throughout the day — even if
it is just to get a drink of water. Professionals highlight the importance of getting up at least once
an hour. Next, refrain from staring at the screen for too long. When you only look at things close-
up, your eyes don’t get practice focusing on distant objects. Eye experts recommend looking
away from a screen every 20 minutes to look at something at least 6 metres away. If you cannot
get outside that often, looking out a window during intervals should help.
www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/healthy-screen-time-is-one-challenge-of-distance-learning
WORD LIST - bangun gets up
- berbahaya risky
1. rises - menunjukkan shown
2. hazardous - cenderung likely
3. indicated - menangani handle
4. prone - kesukaran dilemma
5. navigate - menekankan emphasise
6. predicament - elak avoid
7. highlight - sangat dekat very near
8. refrain - selang waktu breaks
9. close-up
10. intervals
Article 37: The Life-Wasting Potion
Many years ago everyone was robust and healthy. The Earth was the healthiest place
you could imagine. All that made the dark witches furious. They wanted to harm people. They
then worked together on a malevolent spell. However, the spell went wrong and turned the
witches into a potion.
This potion was found by a little boy who then drank it. As a result, the boy refused to eat
vegetables, fruit, or fish. All he wanted to do was gorge on ice cream and pizza. He detested
playing and running about with his friends. The evil potion had worked! Worst of all, the boy
infected others, like a virus. The virus has now become a disease; the disease of wasting your
life.
It was long before Doctor Fitton-Helthie discovered that the little witches were causing all
this misfortune. The doctor also learnt that the witches could not stand joy and good humour.
The best remedy was not pills or injections, but just a little bit of effort to eat some healthy fibre
and protein, and to do some exercise! Whoever came to see Doctor Fitton-Helthie and adhere to
his advice, ended up cured of the waste-of-life disease.
freestoriesforkids.com/children/stories-and-tales/life-wasting-potion
WORD LIST - kuat strong
1. robust - amat marah livid
2. furious - jahat evil
3. malevolent - bendalir liquid
4. potion - enggan rejected
5. refused - makan dengan gelojoh overeat
6. gorge on - benci hate
7. detested - musibah trouble
8. misfortune - penawar cure
9. remedy - mematuhi obey
10. adhere
Article 38: Cockroaches Could Be Good Medicine?
Scientists recently reported on a repulsive new idea for human health: The ground-up
brains of cockroaches may help fight infectious diseases! Cockroaches are insects with simple,
small brains. Sheltered in those tiny heads are chemical compounds that can kill bacteria.
Scientists decided to study insects after noticing an interesting pattern. Some soldiers who
came back from the Middle East were down with strange infections — but locusts from the same
areas were infection-free. The scientists started to wonder how insects that live in unsanitary
places manage to elude infection. In order to find out, the researchers ground up different parts
of locusts and cockroaches and put the mixtures in Petri dishes with types of the harmful bacteria.
Ground-up tissue from cockroach and locust brains and locust nerves killed almost all the harmful
bacteria — nearly 100 percent. That means that the bug brains and nerves must contain
chemicals that kill the bacteria.
It is too soon to go to your local drugstore and ask for cockroach brains to treat an
infection, but that might be a reality in the future. However, it is not today. Today, cockroaches
are still nasty minute insects.
www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/cockroaches-could-be-good-medicine
WORD LIST - menjijikkan disgusting
1. repulsive - berjangkit contagious
2. infectious - terlindung hidden
3. sheltered - sakit sick
4. down with - belalang tropika tropical grasshoppers
5. locusts - kotor dirty
6. unsanitary - elak escape
7. elude - hancur squashed
8. ground-up - kedai ubat pharmacy
9. drugstore - tidak penting unimportant
10. minute
Article 39: Where Is the Healthiest Seat on an Airplane?
Short answer: Pick a window seat. Nsikan Akpan and writer Amy McKeever have been
tracking the story from all angles. At any rate, the dirtiest spots on an airplane include: tray
tables, air vents, seatbelt buckles, restrooms, and seatback pockets. Germs are everywhere,
so a smart practice is to carry and use disinfectant wipes and hand sanitizers when you travel.
One fascinating question they are asking: Are some seats on airplanes better choices
for reducing the risk of coming into contact with a contagion? It seems that while jetliners can
act as germ vectors, seats with a view are safer. Finally, there is a good reason to sit in a
window seat. According to researchers, passengers in aisle seats have a greater likelihood of
coming into contact with communicable viruses due to the proximity of other passengers; it is
also possible that passengers in window seats are more likely to stay put for the duration of a
flight. Microbes aside, there is another advantage of sitting by the window: epic views!
www.nationalgeographic.com/newsletters/travel/2020/01/where-healthiest-seat-airplane-january-28/
WORD LIST
1. buckles - kepala tali pinggang keledar clasp
2. disinfectant - pembasmi kuman antiseptic
3. fascinating - mempersonakan captivating
4. jetliners - kapal terbang aircrafts
5. vectors - pembawa penyakit carriers
6. aisle - lorong walkway
7. likelihood - kemungkinan chance
8. proximity - jarak dekat closeness
9. stay put - tetap remain
10. epic - mengagumkan exceptional
Article 40: You can smell when someone’s sick.
I am sick, and I don’t smell right. I don’t mean that my nose isn’t working—though this cold has
me stuffed up. Instead, my own body odour seems somehow different, sour and unfamiliar.
I’m far from the first person to notice this nasty side effect.
Scientists have found that dozens of illnesses have a particular smell: Diabetes can
make your urine smell like rotten apples, and typhoid turns body odour into the smell of baked
bread. Worse, yellow fever apparently makes your skin smell like a butcher’s shop, if you can
imagine that. Some scientists think that if we could identify particular sick smells, we might
sniff out diseases that are otherwise hard to detect early, like cancers or brain injuries. We
marvel at such a skill, but anyone with working olfactory senses could probably learn to
recognize various “sick smells.”
Humans are very good at detecting illness. Signs of sickness are some of the things
people find most disgusting; mucus, vomit, or pus. Disgust is our way of avoiding things that
could harm us. Basically, you’re a walking factory of smells. And if you start paying attention to
them, you might notice when something’s off.
www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2018/01/smell-sickness-parkinsons-disease-health-science/
WORD LIST
1. stuffed up - hidung tersumbat blocked
2. dozens - set dua belas sets of twelve
3. apparently - nampaknya seemingly
4. particular - tertentu specific
5. sniff - menghidu smell
6. marvel - kagum adore
7. olfactory - deria bau sense of smell
8. detecting - mengesan discovering
9. vomit - muntah puke
10. pus - nanah discharge
Article 41: You Eat Thousands of Bits of Plastic Every Year
The tiny pieces of plastic scientists call microplastics are everywhere. They sit at the
bottom of the sea, mix into beach sand, and blow in the wind. They’re also inside us. Humans
consume microplastics via many channels. We might ingest them while eating seafood, breathe
them in through the air, or consume food with trace amounts of its plastic packaging. For this
reason, it's difficult to completely avoid them. A microplastic particle is any piece of plastic
smaller than five millimetres, but many are much smaller and only visible under a microscope.
So what happens to plastic once it's in your body? Does it enter your bloodstream? Does it sink
into your gut? Or does it simply pass through without doing harm?
Scientists still aren't quite sure about the amount of microplastics a body can tolerate
or how much impairment they do. In 2017, a study out of King's College in
London hypothesized that, over time, the cumulative effect of ingesting plastic could be toxic. A
build-up of these toxins over time could impact the immune system. We haven’t considered
ourselves to be a potential impact of plastic pollution, but actually we are.
www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/06/you-eat-thousands-of-bits-of-plastic-every-year/
WORD LIST
1. consume - makan eat
2. trace - sedikit/sisa too small/little
3. visible - kelihatan seen
4. gut - perut stomach
5. pass through - melalui go
6. tolerate - terima accept
7. impairment - kerosakan damage
8. cumulative - pertambahan growing
9. build up - binaan collection
10. potential - berpotensi possible
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