Space Exploration - Chapter 10 Form 3

SPACE
EXPLORATION

KHAIRIN HUSAINI $ KHAIRUL IZZAT
3 AL-KHAWARIZMI

>Development in astronomy
>Development of technology and its

application in space exploration















10.2 DEVELOPMENT OF
TECHNOLOGY & ITS
APPLICATION IN
SPACE EXPLORATION

11th century:

Chinese invented gunpowder and
used primitive rockets in battles

1609:

Galileo Galilei invented the first
telescope

1957:

First satellite - USSR Sputnik 1
launced in space

1961:

First human to orbit the Earth -
Yuri Gagarin, aboard USSR Vostok
1

1969:

First human to set foot on the Moon
- Neil Armstrong with US Apollo 11

1973:

First Jupiter flyby - US Pioneer 10

1981:

First flight of US space shuttle -
Columbia

1989:

First Neptune flyby - US Voyager 2

1990:

US launched Hubble Space
Telescope from space shuttle
Discovery

1996:

Malaysian Satellites, MEASAT 1 and 2
launched

2000:

Malaysia's first microsatellite
TiungSAT-1 launched

2002:

National Space Agency (ANGKASA)
established

2011:

Construction of International Space
Station completed

2018:

Nasa Space shuttle InSight
successfully landed on the surface of
Mars

Space Telescope

> A telescope is used to observe and collect information about
objects and phenomena

> There are three types of telescope for space exploration:
i. Refracting (uses lense to take or send photographs of outer
space)
ii. Reflecting telescope (uses mirror to take or send photographs of
outer space)
iii. Radio telescope (used to receive electric signals and radiation
from outer space)

Development of the telescope:

The astronomical sextant is used Galileo's Telescope became Hubble space telescope was
to measure the altitude of stars the most widely used placed in an orbit 500 km
astronomical instrument from the surface of Earth

Apart from optical telescope, radio The Spitzer space telescope
telescope are also used to detect detects very distant activities
radio waves from space in space

Rocket

> When the fuel in a rocket burns, hot gases are released at
high speed through the bottom of the rocket.

> The released of these gases produces a force which pushes
the rocket upwards.

> Used to launch satellites, space probes, space shuttles and
also to send astronauts to outer space.

Satellite

> A satellites is an object that orbits around another object.
> Man-made satellites are launched into certain orbits for remote sensing

purpose.
> Sputnik 1 satellite was the first satellite sent to outer space in1957.
> Satellites that are launched are very beneficial, especially for the following

fields:
a. Telecommunications

- Communications satellites are satellites that transmit signal for television,
radios, telephones, telexes, the internet and another communication
devices.

b. Meteorological and disaster monitoring
- Meteorological satellites help us to accurately predict the weather.

c. Navigation
- Navigational satellites help ships and the accurately aircrafts determine
their locations, especially in bad weather.

d. Geology
- Satellites help geologist in the exploration of oil and minerals.

e. Agriculture
- Satellites are used to detect the location of soil that is suitable for
specific crops.

f. Forestry
- Satellites provide information on how forests are destroyed by fires,
pests or diseases.

g. National security
- Satellites can detect pollution, suh as oil spills at sea.

Space Station

> space stations provide a place in space for astronaut to carry
out studies while in space.

> Russia's space station - Salyut, America's - Skylab
> The International Space Station (ISS) has been built in orbit

through the cooperation of 16 countries.

Space Shuttles

> this type of spacecraft can be launched, returned to the Earth
and can be used several times.

> nowdays, the launching of a spacecraft with rockets has been
replaced by space shuttles.

> space shuttles are used to ferry astronaut and research
equipments as well as to launch space probes and satellites.

Space Probe

> A space probe is a spacecraft that gathers information from the
outer space and sends it back to the Earth.

> Do not orbit Earth like satellites but travel further into and out of
the Solar System.

> Carry cameras and remote sensing intruments as well as radio
transmitters and receivers for the purpose of communicating
with scientists on Earth.

Remote Sensing

> Remote sensing is a method of gathering and recording information from
a distance.

> For example, the information about the surface of the Earth is scanned by
satellite and then gathered and recorded.

> Remote sensing technology is used in various fields in daily life as follows: