Describing Language

a

Preface

The objectives of this seminar are to develop learners’ speaking and discussion skills,
strengthen discussion leadership abilities, develop internet research skills, increase vocabulary
knowledge, improve reading and listening comprehension, develop learner autonomy and build
confidence to use English for oral communicative purposes.

This seminar report on describing language consisted of the main topic describing
language and subtopic meaning of English language, the elements of language, form and
meaning, parts of speech, hypothetical meaning, words together, language functions, text and
discourse, language variables and the results of the seminar.

The evaluation of the seminar resulted that knowledge and understanding gained after
training/seminar was the most satisfied mean score ( ̅ = 4.92) which is in a very satisfaction
level, followed by the item on preparation and readiness of the speakers ( ̅ = 4.85), knowledge
of speakers ( ̅ = 4.85), appropriateness of explanations as a whole ( ̅ = 4.85) and the content
of the training/seminar is appropriate to the current working situation ( ̅ = 4.79) which are in
very satisfaction level.

We hope that this seminar will benefit to teacher students of the way to teach effectively
for their internship and their working life in the future. The seminar on describing language
also provided the knowledges of the learning strategies and the teaching strategies for applying
in different class room in the future.

Organizing team

Date 03/03/2022

Table of Contents b

Content Page
Preface a
Table of contents b
1
Introduction 1
- Meaning of English language 3
- The elements of language 4
- Form and meaning 4
- Parts of speech 5
- Hypothetical meaning 5
- Words together 6
- Language functions 6
- Text and discourse 7
- Language variables 9
11
The results analysis of the satisfaction questionnaire 15
Reference 16
Appendixes
23
Appendix A Script of the seminar on Effective Method of Phonics
Teaching 26

Appendix B Poster and invitation Card of the seminar on Effective 33
Method of Phonics Teaching

Appendix C PowerPoint Presentation of Guest speaker about Effective
Method of Phonics Teaching

Appendix D Information of Padlet

D Describing Language 1

Introduction

"Language is the road map of a culture. It tells you where its people come from and
where they are going."(Frank Smith)

In systemic functional linguistics, language is viewed as a meaning potential, thus
embracing the view, now supported by contemporary theories of the evolution of human
consciousness, that language has evolved in the living of life in society. Using the
theoretical framework of systemic functional linguistics, the chapters of this book explore
the nature of language, the relations of meaning and society, of form and meaning, and of
grammar and lexis. Halliday has referred to the level of lexicogrammar as the powerhouse
of language: this is where the resource for creating linguistic meaning resides. But language
as resource cannot be adequately described as a set of syntagmatic structures; instead, the
primary focus must be on the paradigmatic axis, which after all furnishes the principle for
the actualization of syntagma. Accordingly, aspects of Urdu and English semantics,
grammar and lexis are presented here in terms of systemic options, realized as structures.

Describing Language is essentially practical in its orientation. It is useful for anyone
who wishes to refer to technical literature involving linguistic description, who requires a
basic conceptual framework and technical vocabulary with which to discuss language, and
who needs to make elementary but principled descriptions and analyses of real data (such
as classroom interaction or counselling sessions). Topics covered include phonetics,
prosody, word structure, syntax, text and discourse structure, word and utterance meaning,
and non-verbal behaviour. This is a significantly revised, updated and expanded version of
the successful first edition. In particular, it uses a new approach to syntax and a broader
review of grammar including an accessible introduction to both Chomsky's Universal
Grammar and Halliday's Systematic Grammar. It is an invaluable textbook for students
across the social sciences.

language, a system of conventional spoken, manual (signed), or written symbols by
means of which human beings, as members of a social group and participants in its culture,
express themselves. The functions of language include communication, the expression of
identity, play, imaginative expression, and emotional release.

A language is a structured system of communication. The structure of a language
is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary
means of communication of humans, and can be conveyed through speech (spoken
language), sign, or writing. Many languages, including the most widely-spoken ones, have
writing systems that enable sounds or signs to be recorded for later reactivation. Human
language is unique among the known systems of animal communication in that it is not
dependent on a single mode of transmission (sight, sound, etc.), is highly variable between
cultures and across time, and affords a much wider range of expression than other systems.

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D Describing Language 2

Meaning of English language

Nordquist (2020) identifies the term "English" is derived from Anglisc, the speech
of the Angles—one of the three Germanic tribes that invaded England during the fifth
century. The English language is the primary language of several countries, including
Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and many of its former colonies,
and the United States, and the second language in a number of multilingual countries,
including India, Singapore, and the Philippines.

Merriam-Webster (2021) identifies the history of English is conventionally, if
perhaps too neatly, divided into three periods usually called Old English (or Anglo-Saxon),
Middle English, and Modern English. The earliest period begins with the migration of
certain Germanic tribes from the continent to Britain in the fifth century A.D., though no
records of their language survive from before the seventh century, and it continues until
the end of the eleventh century or a bit later. By that time Latin, Old Norse (the language
of the Viking invaders), and especially the Anglo-Norman French of the dominant class
after the Norman Conquest in 1066 had begun to have a substantial impact on the lexicon,
and the well-developed inflectional system that typifies the grammar of Old English had
begun to break down.

Nelson (2015) identifies English is the language of Shakespeare and the language
of Chaucer. It’s spoken in dozens of countries around the world, from the United States to
a tiny island named Tristan da Cunha. It reflects the influences of centuries of international
exchange, including conquest and colonization, from the Vikings through the 21st century.
Here are 25 maps and charts that explain how English got started and evolved into the
differently accented languages spoken today.

Oxford International English Schools (2021) explain the history of the English
language from Charles Laurence Barber comments, “The loss and weakening of unstressed
syllables at the ends of words destroyed many of the distinctive inflections of Old English.”
Similarly, John McWhorter points out that while the Norsemen and their English
counterparts were able to comprehend one another in a manner of speaking, the
Norsemen’s inability to pronounce the endings of various words ultimately resulted in the
loss of inflectional endings. This brings to mind a colleague’s lisp and I take to wondering:
if this were a few hundred years ago, and we were in medieval Britain, could we have
imagined that a speech defect would bring about the amazing changes modern history is
now looking back on? Something to ponder… Refer to the image below for an idea of the
changes to the English language during this time frame.

English Club (1997) suggest that English is a language-originally the language of
the people of England. Today, English is the main language of the United Kingdom,
Ireland, the United States of America, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and more than fifty
other countries. (Interestingly, until as recently as 2017 English was NOT the official

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D Describing Language 3

language of the USA, although it had long been the official language of several US states.)
Worldwide, there are over 400 million native speakers of English, and over one billion
more people speak it as a second language. English is probably the third language in terms
of number of native speakers (after Mandarin and Spanish); and probably the most widely
spoken language on the planet taking into account native and non-native speakers.

Potter (2020) mentions that English belongs to the Indo-European family of
languages and is therefore related to most other languages spoken in Europe and western
Asia from Iceland to India. The parent tongue, called Proto-Indo-European, was spoken
about 5,000 years ago by nomads believed to have roamed the southeast European plains.
Germanic, one of the language groups descended from this ancestral speech, is usually
divided by scholars into three regional groups: East (Burgundian, Vandal, and Gothic, all
extinct), North (Icelandic, Faroese, Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish), and West (German,
Dutch [and Flemish], Frisian, and English). Though closely related to English, German
remains far more conservative than English in its retention of a fairly elaborate system of
inflections. Frisian, spoken by the inhabitants of the Dutch province of Friesland and the
islands off the west coast of Schleswig, is the language most nearly related to Modern
English. Icelandic, which has changed little over the last thousand years, is the living
language most nearly resembling Old English in grammatical structure.

Wil (2021) mentions that the English language is one of the linguistic success
stories of the last five hundred years. If you’re reading this article here on the EF English
Live blog then you are one of the estimated 1 billion plus people who are studying the
language worldwide.

iTEP International (2021) demonstrate the English language came from England.
Experts believe the language originated from nomads, people who travel from place to
place without a specific home. These nomads are believed to have traveled amongst the
European plains about 5,000 years ago. Their dialect was called Proto-Indo-European, and
its speakers were located in southeastern Europe north of the Black Sea. Over time, Proto-
Indo-European morphed into the ancient variations of Latin, Greek, and German. Latin
changed into Spanish, French, and Italian. Ancient German evolved to become Dutch,
Danish, German, Norwegian, Swedish, and eventually English.

The elements of language

Language is the ability to produce and comprehend both spoken and written (and
in the case of sign language, signed) words. Understanding how language works means
reaching across many branches of psychology—everything from basic neurological
functioning to high-level cognitive processing. Language shapes our social interactions and
brings order to our lives. Complex language is one of the defining factors that makes us
human. Two of the concepts that make language unique are grammar and lexicon was
supposed by research (Lumen, 2021)

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D Describing Language 4

Language cannot be described as a behavior because of its changing nature—its
unpredictability. There are small variations in tone that portray a different meaning for
words when uttered that prove processes beyond physical biochemical reactions affect
speech. Tens of thousands of words exist in the English lexicon. Though the words are
defined and have a specific meaning, the nature of the lexicon changes as the generations
change was supposed by research (Rodric, 2021)

Language is a very important aspect of anyone’s public speaking performance.
Whether a speaker uses lots of complicated words or words most people have in their
vocabularies, language will determine how an audience experiences the speech. To help
you think through your language choices, we are going to talk about six important elements
of language and how they affect audience perceptions was supposed by research
(Lardbucket, 2021)

The overall structure and organization of the communication (sometimes called
textual grammar) must also be considered, as should the individual characteristics of the
sender and the receiver. Any concurrent messages, especially non-verbal ones, will exert
an influence, as will the pre-existing knowledge posessed by each person, and the
relationship between them was supposed by research (Wanterfall, 2021)

The Elements of English has been used very successfully in classrooms across the
country. This revised and expanded edition includes new entries plus three additional
appendices. This is a little book that fills a big need, and it deserves a wide distribution and
readership was supposed by research (Rowman, 2021)

The Elements of Language is the terminology that will allow us to articulate what
we actually mean when we talk about effective reading and writing. Divided into 10
elements – five for reading and five for writing with corresponding assessment objectives
– each element is embodied by a single word was supposed by research (Stock, 2014)

An inverted pyramid with Pragmatics on the topmost and Phonology/Phonetics at
the bottom. Before, Pragmatics is not in the picture. It was considered to be the wastebasket
of linguistics - meaning, anything that cannot be explained in terms of structure is thrown
into the basket of pragmatics was supposed by research (Parreno, 2017)

There is much more to be said about language form. The understanding of syntax,
morphology, and phonology helps in better understanding language acquisition. Therefore,
ESL teachers need an exposure to the basics of this in order to be able to provide better
support for their students was supposed by research (Techniques and Education, 2021)

Form and meaning

Form in linguistics and language refers to the symbols used to represent meaning.
Each form has a particular meaning in a particular context. This cannot be stressed enough.

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D Describing Language 5

It implies that a form can have different meanings in different contexts. However, the range
of meanings for a form is usually limited to a prototype or prototypes based around an
image schema to a set of extensions was supposed by research (Wmtang.org, 2018)

According to Eyre (2021) form is the name of the text type that the writer uses. For
example, you can have short stories, plays, scripts, sonnets, novels etc. All of these are
different text types that a writer can use. The form of a text is important because it tells you
about the writer's intentions, characters or key themes. In this case, we are looking at the
novel form and how Brontë uses the first person.

Maryland Language Science Center (2014) explain that words and sentences have
parts that combine in patterns, exhibiting the grammar of the language. Phonology is the
study of patterns in sound or gesture. Syntax and semantics involve studying patterns in
sentence structure, from the vantages of form and meaning, respectively. The shared aim
is a general theory of human grammars, one that allows us to understand speakers' ability
to use language and the rapid development of language in every normal child.

In general, form refers to the shape and structure of something. It can also mean the
organization, placement and relationship between things. As such, language form refers to
the so-called surface features of language and how these are arranged. The rules that govern
how particular language features are arranged are the grammar of the language was
supposed by research (Lahey, 1988)

Parts of speech

There are eight parts of speech in the English language: noun, pronoun, verb,
adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. The part of speech indicates
how the word functions in meaning as well as grammatically within the sentence. An
individual word can function as more than one part of speech when used in different
circumstances. Understanding parts of speech is essential for determining the correct
definition of a word when using the dictionary was supposed by research (Butte College,
2019)

According to Nordquist (2020) a part of speech is a term used in traditional
grammar for one of the nine main categories into which words are classified according to
their functions in sentences, such as nouns or verbs. Also known as word classes, these are
the building blocks of grammar.

We can categorize English words into 9 basic types called "parts of speech" or
"word classes". It's quite important to recognize parts of speech. This helps you to analyze
sentences and understand them. It also helps you to construct good sentences was supposed
by research (EnglishClub, 1997)

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D Describing Language 6

Woodward Education (2021) described there are eight main parts of speech (also
known as word classes): nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions,
conjunctions and interjections. Most parts of speech can be divided into sub-classes.
Prepositions can be divided into prepositions of time, prepositions of place etc. Nouns can
be divided into proper nouns, common nouns, concrete nouns etc. It is important to know
that a word can sometimes be in more than one part of speech.

Hypothetical meaning

Merriam-Website (2021) define essential meaning of hypothetical is involving or
being based on a suggested idea or theory: being or involving a hypothesis: conjectural.

A meaning that refers to situations which are unlikely or impossible. Hypothetical
meaning is frequently expressed by conditional constructions was supposed by research
(Macmillan Education Limited, 2009)

Hypothetical meaning based on situations or ideas that are possible and imagined
rather than real and true such as a hypothetical question/situation/example, let us take the
hypothetical case of Sheila, a mother of two…, I wasn't asking about anybody in
particular—it was a purely hypothetical question was supposed by research (Oxford
University Press, 2021)

Words together

7ESL (2021) described words together are words that connect ideas together in a
piece of writing. It shows that two things are related in some way, or that the point you are
making has supporting information. The difference between linking words and simple
paragraph starters that we looked at previously, is that linking words can be found at the
start of paragraphs, but also in the middle of sentences to connect two ideas together too.

Portmanteau word, also called blend, a word that results from blending two or more
words, or parts of words, such that the portmanteau word expresses some combination of
the meaning of its parts was supposed by research (The Editors of Encyclopaedia
Britannica, 2021).

Language functions

Language is a medium through which one can express one’s ideas, thoughts,
feelings, and messages. To teach language is somehow a difficult task as is basically
conditioned by the nature of the subjects. The primary function of the language is
communication, Self- expression, and thinking. A language is a social act, a means of
adjustment to control over other people was supposed by research (Nauriyal,2021)

A language function explains why someone says something. For example, if you
are teaching in a class you'll have to give instructions. "Giving Instructions" is the language

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D Describing Language 7

function. Language functions then require certain grammar. To use our example, giving
instructions requires the use of the imperative. was supposed by research (Beare,2018)

Functional language is language that you need in different day-to-day situations.
For example: greeting, introducing yourself, asking for or giving advice, explaining rules,
apologising, or agreeing and disagreeing. Any one of these functions can have a number of
different exponents, or fixed expressions. For example, giving advice we could say: I think
you should …, Why not …’ How about …? Have you thought about …? Or, to explain
rules, we can say: We can’t …, we’re not allowed to …, and we have to …. was supposed
by research (Net Languages, 2017)

Language is very important factor of communication among society. Using
language has some functions. We need to use language to fulfill our needs. It is a crucial
part in our life. If a person uses his language, he chooses words that matches his needs.
People use some functions to say a sentence, to ask, to reply, to greet and etc. In fact, forms
are important part of our discussion because they are related to functions. A person who
says, what is your name? He is showing a form of a question. Let us take another example,
I want to play football, functions as a statement. was supposed by research (Leech, 1974)

Text and discourse

The study of how language is used in diverse social and discursive contexts, and
how it is shaped by them. We are interested in the linguistic and non-linguistic rules and
principles that underlie and regulate our use of (the English) language is monologic and
dialogic communication and in monolingual or multilingual settings (including settings
where English is not the mother tongue of any of the participants). We are also interested
in the role that English-language texts and discourses play in societies and cultures, how
they contribute to the construction of world views, thought styles and ideologies, in general
and in relation to particular topics (e.g. ecology, crime), how they interact with, impact and
are conditioned by social domains such as the media, health, the law, religion or politics,
and how they are produced and processed and how text types, genres, and media (including
new media) affect this. We use approaches such as pragmatics, Conversation Analysis,
Critical Discourse Analysis, ecolinguistics, forensic linguistics, Internet linguistics or
media linguistics and employ qualitative and quantitative (including corpus linguistics)
methods and observational (independent from the research process, e.g. media texts,
recordings) and elicitative (created for the research process, e.g. experiments, interviews,
questionnaires) data. was supposed by research (University of Graz, 2021)

Discourse and Text in English. This course examines English discourse and text
from socio-cognitive, functional paradigms. The approach used combines theory and
practice, and aims to provide an introduction to the analysis and production of English with
attention to issues such as register and genre, cohesion and coherence, topicality and

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D Describing Language 8

thematic structure, and conversation analysis. was supposed by research (Degree in English
Studies, 2021)

Discourse analysis is the study of the relationship between language and its context.
It is associated with different disciplines, including linguistics, semiotics, psychology,
anthropology and sociology. It was American linguist Zellig Harris who was the first
linguist to bring forward discourse analysis. In 1952, in his Discourse Analysis, he tried to
use structural methods to analyze coherent spoken and written discourse beyond sentence
and link language study with culture. In 1960s, some sociologists (e.g. Sacks, Schegloff,
Jefferson, et al) raised to a new level the studies of discourse analysis. They tried to reveal
the role of human beings and the influence of language use with discourse analysis in social
communication and context as well as to explore the principles in communication. At the
same time, German linguists made a great contribution to discourse analysis. Text
linguistics was first put forward by a former West German linguist H. Winrich in 1967. He
said that all of the language study should between discourse framework, otherwise there is
no linguistics. In 1970s, a lot of famous scholars (e.g. T. A. Van Di ji, Leech, Grice, Brown,
Levinson, Sacks, Schegloff, Jefferson) were engaged in discourse analysis research.
Among them, Jefferson, Sacks and Schegloff made a great contribution to it. They realized
the importance of taking turn when people are talking to each other and summarized rules
and regulations of conversations. They created turn-taking theory on the basis of
conversational analysis. During this period the famous book cohesion in English was
published by Halliday and Hasan (1972, p. 2)

Language variables

A fully multi-lingual site will need to display all site elements in different
languages, including not just content but also common elements such as navigation menus,
buttons, header and footer images, etc. You can enable a single Template, content, or other
dotCMS object to support multiple different languages using Language Variables.
Language Variables allow you to create multiple versions of the variable in different
languages, all of which use the same key, but have different values depending on the
language. You can then reference the key from within any element, and dotCMS will
automatically return the appropriate value for the key depending on the user's chosen
language was supposed by (dotCMS, 2021).

Language variables are one of the primary means for internationalization and
localization of CS-Cart, Multi-Vendor, and their add-ons was supposed by (CS-Cart, 2021)

Tagliamonte (2012) defines the most fundamental construct in variation analysis is
the ‘linguistic variable’. The quote above is the most recent one I could find from Labov
himself; turning back to the original definition of the linguistic variable you find something
a little more complicated.

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D Describing Language 9

The results analysis of the satisfaction questionnaire of the participants
in the seminar on being an English teacher in the global.

5-level estimation scale questionnaire and one open-ended question asked for
additional opinions or suggestions from seminar participants.

Specify the score weight of the 10 questions that are a 5 -level approximation
scale questionnaire as follows:

Satisfaction Level Score
Most 5
More 4
Moderately 3
Low 2
Least 1

The criteria for determining the average message value are as follows:

4.51-5.00 satisfaction level. Most

3.51-4.50 satisfaction level More

2.51-3.50 satisfaction level Moderate

1.51-2.50 satisfaction level Low

1.00-1.50 satisfaction level Very Low

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D Describing Language 10

No. List of questionnaires X S.D. Interpretation

1. Preparation and readiness of the speakers. 4.85 0.36 Most
Most
2. Sequence of the content of the lectures is easy to 4.77 0.42
understand continuously. Most

Use techniques and training methods that are 4.73 0.44 Most
3. interesting, easy to understand, promote Most

learning.

4. The language used in the narrative is 4.80 0.39
appropriate.

5. Knowledge of speakers. 4.85 0.36

6. The content of the training/seminar is 4.81 0.39 Most
appropriate to the current working situation.

7. Appropriateness of the duration used for 4.77 0.42 Most
training/seminars on this topic. Most
Most
8. Knowledge and understanding gained after 4.92 0.27 Most
training/seminars

9. Proper use of media. 4.69 0.54

10. Appropriateness of the Faculty of Explanations 4.85 0.36
as a whole.

Total 4.80 0.07

Suggestion
- The lecturer is very understanding and it's fun.
- The speaker very much. She presents well. I give ten hearts.

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D Describing Language 11

Reference

Berare. (2018). Using Language Functions to Learn and Teach English.
https://www.thoughtco.com/using-language-functions-to-learn-3888185

Butte College. (2019). TIP SHEET THE EIGHT PARTS OF SPEECH.
http://www.butte.edu/departments/cas/tipsheets/grammar/parts_of_speech.html

CS-Cart. 2021. Language Variables. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
https://docs.cs-cart.com/latest/developer_guide/core/language_variables.html.

Degree In English Studies. (2021). Discourse and Text in English.
https://www.ucm.es/data/cont/docs/1154-2016-12-20-

DotCMS. (2021). Global Language Variables.
https://dotcms.com/docs/latest/global-language-variables.

English Club. (1997). What is English? Retrieved December 16, 2021.
https://www.englishclub.com/what-is-

english/?fbclid=IwAR2GQj_D_QKGNZP7h-
EnglishClub. (1997). Parts of Speech. Retrieved December 16, 2021.

https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/parts-of-speech.htm
Eyre. (2021). Form, structure and language. Retrieved December 16, 2021.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zgckd2p/revision/1
Halliday and Hasan. (1972). Discourse analysis. Retrieved December 16, 2021.

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1075217.pdf
ITEP International. (2021). Where English started. Retrieved December 16, 2021.

https://www.itepexam.com/history-of-the-english-language/.
Lahey. (1988). Language Form. Retrieved December 16, 2021.

https://www.sltinfo.com/language-form/
Leech. (1974). Five Functions of Language. Retrieved December 16, 2021.

https://www.ukessays.com/essays/english-language/five-functions-of-language-
english-language-essay.php

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D Describing Language 12

Maryland language science center. (2014). Language Structure and Meaning.
https://languagescience.umd.edu/language-structure-and-meaning

Merriam-Webster. (2021). What are the origins of the English Language?
https://www.merriam-webster.com/help/faq-

Nauriyal. (2021). Function & Principle of English Language.
https://byjusexamprep.com/ctet-eng-functions-i-0d7fc040-0971-11e7-8fa8-

Nelson. (2015). 25 maps that explain the English language. Retrieved December 16,
2021.

https://www.vox.com/2015/3/3/8053521/25-maps-that-explain-english.
Nelson. (2015). English Language: History, Definition, and Examples.

https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-the-english-language-1690652
Nordquist. (2020). The Prehistory of English. Retrieved December 16, 2021.

https://www.thoughtco.com/events-history-of-the-english-language-1692746.
Nordquist. (2020). The 9 Parts of Speech: Definitions and Examples.

https://www.thoughtco.com/part-of-speech-english-grammar-1691590
Nordquist. (2020). English language. Retrieved December 16, 2021.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/English-language
Oxford International English Schools. (2021). A brief history of the English language.

https://www.oxfordinternationalenglish.com/a-brief-history-of-the-english-
language/
Parreno. (2017). Elements of a Language. Retrieved December 16, 2021.

https://sites.google.com/site/lang502structuresofenglish/elements-of-a-
Python. (2015). Components of Language. Retrieved December 16, 2021.

https://educatio.znalresearchtechniques.com/2015/03/02/components-of-
language/?fbclid=IwAR0Eceup8jDDog0p8K8ugtnJNz11ROLqpxo3o-
hvfib357jid5K_FpcyDBs
Stan Malless And Jeff Mcquain. (2014). The Elements of English.
https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781442241954/The-Elements-of-English-A-
Glossary-of-

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D Describing Language 13

Basic-Terms-for-Literature-Composition
Stock. (2014). What we are using in place of levels. Retrieved December 16, 2021.

https://joeybagstock.wordpress.com/2014/01/25/the-elements-of-language-what-
we-

are-using-in-place-of-
Tagliamonte. 2012. Defining the linguistic variable. Retrieved December 16, 2021.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/analysing-sociolinguistic-
Universität Graz. (2021). Text and Discourse. Retrieved December 16, 2021.

https://anglistik.uni-graz.at/en/research/linguistics/text-and-discourse/
Wantefall. (2021). Some Thoughts About Language. Retrieved December 16, 2021.

http://www.wanterfall.com/Communication
Wil. (2021). A brief history of the most widely used language in the world.

https://englishlive.ef.com/blog/english-in-the-real- world/english-language-
come/.
Wmtang.org. (2018). Form and meaning in linguistics. Retrieved December 16, 2021.

https://wmtang.org/2018/01/25/form-and-meaning-in-linguistics/.
Woodward Education. (2021). Parts of Speech English Grammar.

https://www.grammar.cl/english/parts-of-speech.htm.

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D Describing Language 14
Members
Miss Thitaree Sohmanee No. 028
Miss Wannapha Supapongsri No. 034
Miss Areerat Raruaysong No. 035
Miss Nawaporn Matthong No. 036
Sec.2

Seminar in English Language Teaching Section 2 / 2021

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Appendix

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Appendix A
Program and script of the seminar on Effective Method of Phonics Teaching

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Program of the Seminar on "Effective
method of phonics teaching" Date: Thursday,

3rd March 2022
Via: Zoom https://zoom.us/my/suwanpnk?pwd=M3J2QVhmRkpFamJGRmJsY2tpdWpEdz09

Time Activity
1.00 - 1.15 p.m.
Welcoming participants and guests by Miss Kornkanok Jewsuk, MC
1.15 - 1.30 p.m.
1.30 - 3.00 p.m. Report by Miss Thitaree Sohmanee, Group leader
3.00 - 3.15 p.m.
3.15 - 4.45 p.m. Opening remarks by Miss. Thunjira ChuChat, Chairperson
4.45 - 5.45 p.m.
Guest speaker introduction by Miss Kornkanok Jewsuk, MC
5.45 - 6.00 p.m. Presentation and discussion on “Effective method of phonics teaching” by
Dr. Piyalak Akkararat

Refreshments

Presentation and discussion on “Effective method of phonics teaching” by
Dr. Piyalak Akkararat (continue)

Presentation on teaching

reading:
Meaning of context and The elements of language by Miss.
Thitaree Sohmanee
Forms and meanings and Parts of speech by Miss. Wannapha
Supapongsri Hypothetical meaning and Word together by Miss.
Nawaporn Matthong Language functions, Text and discourse
and Language variable by
Miss. Areerat Raruaysong

Wrap up, evaluation and closing remarks

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REPORT
The Seminar on “Effective method of phonics teaching”

By Miss Thitaree Sohmanee
Zoom link (https://zoom.us/my/suwanpnk?pwd=M3J2QVhmRkpFamJGRmJsY2tpdWpEdz09)

Thursday, 3rd March 2022, 01:00 P.M. – 04:00 P.M.
___________________________________________________________________________
Miss Thunjira Chuchat our chairperson of the seminar on “Effective method of phonics
teaching”.

Phonics is a way of teaching children how to read and write. It helps children hear,
identify and use different sounds that distinguish one word from another in the English language.
Written language can be compared to a code, so knowing the sounds of individual letters and how
those letters sound when they’re combined will help children decode words as they read.
Understanding phonics will also help children know which letters to use when they are writing
words.

Phonics instruction teaches the relationships between the letters of written language and
the sounds of spoken language. Children's reading development is dependent on their
understanding of the alphabetic principle — the idea that letters and letter patterns represent the
sounds of spoken language. "Decoding" is the act of sounding out words using phonics. The goal
of phonics instruction is to help children learn the alphabetic principle — the idea that letters
represent the sounds of spoken language — and that there is an organized, logical, and predictable
relationship between written letters and spoken sounds. Learning that there are predictable
relationships between sounds and letters allows children to apply these relationships to both
familiar and unfamiliar words, and to begin to read with fluency.

Programs of phonics instruction should be: Systematic: the letter-sound relationship is
taught in an organized and logical sequence. Explicit: the instruction provides teachers with precise
directions for teaching letter-sound relationships. Effective phonics programs provide: Frequent
opportunities for children to apply what they are learning about letters and sounds to the reading
of words, sentences, and stories. Systematic and explicit phonics instruction: Significantly
improves children's word recognition, spelling, and reading comprehension.

We hope that this seminar will benefit third-year students to complete one-year internships in
the next academic year and prepare them to teach students and become professional teachers in the
future.

Now it’s time for the seminar to start, may I call upon, Miss Thunjira Chuchat, chairperson of
the seminar on Effective method of phonics teaching; to deliver the opening remarks for our
seminar, please welcome. Miss Thunjira Chuchat.

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OPENING REMARKS
The Seminar on “Effective method of phonics teaching”

By Miss Thunjira Chuchat
Live seminar via zoom at
https://zoom.us/my/suwanpnk?pwd=M3J2QVhmRkpFamJGRmJsY2tpdWpEdz09
Thursday,3rd March 2022, 01.00P.M.– 04.00 P.M.

Dr. Piyalak Akkararat, our guest speaker.

My dear third year English major students,

Ladies and gentlemen,

Phonics is an approach to teaching reading, and some aspects of writing, by developing
learners’ phonemic awareness. This involves the skills of hearing, identifying and using phonemes
or sound patterns in English. The aim is to systematically teach learners the relationship between
these sounds and the written spelling patterns, or graphemes, which represent them. Phonics
emphasizes the skills of decoding new words by sounding them out and combining or ‘blending’
the sound-spelling patterns.

Phonics approaches have been consistently found to be effective in supporting younger
readers to master the basics of reading, with an average impact of an additional four months’
progress. Research suggests that phonics is particularly beneficial for younger learners (4-7-year
olds) as they begin to read. Teaching phonics is more effective on average than other approaches
to early reading (such as whole language or alphabetic approaches), though it should be
emphasised that effective phonics techniques are usually embedded in a rich literacy environment
for early readers and are only one part of a successful literacy strategy.

We are glad to have teacher Dr. Piyalak Akkararat with us today to help us to prepare for
taking the responsibility in achieving relevant changes. Many thanks to English major students for
organizing the seminar on “Effective method of phonics teaching”. Now, I would like to declare
the official opening of the seminar. Thank you!

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The Online Seminar on “Effective method of phonics
teaching” Thursday, 3rd. March 2022 At 01:00 P.M.
– 04:00 P.M.

Important notes

1. The activities should be arranged in order, welcoming by MC, reporting,

opening remarks, group photo, introducing the speaker and the team,
refreshment, thanks session and closing ceremony by MC

2. Chairperson – Miss Thunjira Chuchat, Miss. Thitaree Sohmanee (report

person),

3. Participants, 45 students, English major (3rd year students).

Time Dialogue

01:00 Welcoming Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the seminar on
by Master of “Effective method of phonics teaching”.
My name is Kornkanok Jewsuk, it’s my honor to be your master of
- Ceremony
01:2 ceremony for today.
This seminar is organized by the Bachelor of Education, English
0 Program, College of Teacher Education, Phranakhon Rajabhat
P.M. University.

Introducing Before we start, I would like to briefly inform you the
the program program of the seminar, our seminar will be kicked off at 01:00
P.M. by report, opening remarks, group photo, guest speaker
presentation on “Effective method of phonics teaching" by Dr.
Piyalak Akkararat, follow by the presentation on “Effective
method of phonics teaching” by Miss Thitaree Sohmanee, Miss
Wannapha Supapongsri, Miss Areerat Raruaysong and Miss
Nawaporn Matthong, our main speakers. At the end, we will have
an evaluation and closing remarks. The ceremony would be started
shortly. We would appreciate it if you could kindly turn your
camera on during the seminar.

Time 21

Opening Dialogue
Ceremon
y 1. And Now, our chairperson has already been with us.

Let’s start our program, it’s my great honor to invite
Miss Thunjira Chuchat, our chairperson of the
seminar on the spotlight.

2. And next may I invite Miss Thitaree Sohmanee, our

group representative to report the organizing of the
seminar, please welcome Miss Thitaree Sohmanee.

(Miss Thitaree Sohmanee, reporting)
(Miss Miss Thunjira Chuchat, giving opening
remarks) Thank you for a meaningful opening
remark.
3. After this seminar, we will deliver a token of appreciation
to our chairperson’s office. Next, May I invite our
chairperson, organizing team, and our participants to take
photos by screenshot the picture from the screen, once
again please keep your camera on.

01:20 Introducing Now it’s time to start our seminar, let's begin with the first
guest session, I’m really excited to meet our guest speaker. It’s my
- speaker pleasure to introduce our guest speaker, Dr. Piyalak Akkararat
02:2
Guest Speaker Introduction
0
Dr. Piyalak Akkararat is a Head of Master of Education
P.M. Program in Early Childhood Education at College of Teacher
Education, Phranakhon Rajabhat University. Dr. Piyalak
Akkararat graduated Bachelor Degree in Preschool
Administration and Master of Education in Curriculum and
Instruction, from Los Angeles California State University, United
States of America. Then, she graduated Doctoral Degree in Early
Childhood Education from Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand.
Before being here with us at College of Teacher Education,
Phranakhon Rajabhat University, she gained several years of
teaching experience as a Special Lecturer in Advanced Reading and
Business English at University of Thai Chamber and Commerce,
International Lecturer at Can Tho University,

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Time Dialogue

Vietnam. She was also an English Camp Manager for
Nonthaburi and Phuket Municipality.

Guest May I ask your full attention to Dr. Piyalak Akkararat’s
speaker presentation on “Effective method of phonics teaching”, please
presentation welcome Dr. Piyalak Akkararat’s on spotlight.

Giving Thank you so much for your insightful presentation on
thanks and “Situation based Teaching to develop English skills”, Dr.
summarizin Piyalak Akkararat described many points to us include
g speaker …….……………………………………….
presentation ….………………………………………………………………
………. we appreciate your thoughtful ideas that can be applied
for our student teacher’s life. The team organizing will deliver a
token of appreciation to your office, thank you!

02.35 Refreshment Let’s take a ten-minute break and we will come back at
– 02:45 P.M. Thank you.
02.45

P.M.

02.45 “Effectiv Welcome back to our seminar. It’s time to join the second session
e of the seminar. Are you ready to start the seminar? May I invite
Miss Thitaree Sohmanee who presentation on “Describing
– method language”: please welcome. Miss Thitaree Sohmanee

03.25 of We would like to thank you for spending time with us today.
phonics I hope the seminar is knowledgeable with insight information
that can be applied into practical use to achieve what you have
P.M. teaching expected.
Thank you once again and don’t forget to scan our QR code for
03.25 ”Evaluation evaluation. Have a nice day.
and closing

– remarks

04.00
P.M.

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Appendix B
Poster and invitation card of Effective Method of Method of Phonics Teaching

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Poster

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Invitation card
Backdrop

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Appendix C
Pictures of operations in the seminar

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Pictures of operations in the seminar

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Appendix D
Padlet

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Third Year English Major Students
College of teacher Education, Phranakhon Rajabhat University