Action Planning: Urban Regeneration and Slum/Peri Urban ...

Action Planning: Urban
Regeneration and Slum/Peri

Urban Upgrading

Paul Chege
Practical Action – Eastern Africa

Nairobi – Kenya

Global Trends

Current global urban population will double by 2050 from current figures of 3.3
million people

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7 Year 2050
6

5 3.3

4
3
2
1
0

Year 2010

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Eastern African Trend

120 Year 2020
100

80
60
40
20

0
Year 2010

However in East Africa urban population will double in 9 years from 50.6
million people to 106.7million by 2017. (UN- Habitat 2007)

Introduction

 Nairobi holds 37.7% of Kenya’s Urban
Population

 Nairobi Metropolitan Nairobi has 4.73 million
people and by 2030 will reach 8 has strong
relationship with the outlaying areas satellites
in terms of urban growth and land use

 High demand for land has caused outward
movement of population to outlaying areas

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Urban Planning Challenges in
Nairobi

 Kenya’s rate of urbanisation is estimated at
7.05% p.a

 The average for African cities is 4.37%
 The urban growth rate for the world is 2.57%.
 This has over-stretched the capacity of

infrastructure and services.
 60% of the population live in slums and

informal settlements.

Urban Planning Challenges in
Nairobi

 Kenya’s rate of urbanisation is estimated at
7.05% p.a

 The average for African cities is 4.37%
 The urban growth rate for the world is 2.57%.
 This has over-stretched the capacity of

infrastructure and services.
 60% of the population live in slums and

informal settlements.

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Emerging Urban Planning
Challenges in Nairobi

 The current planning approaches are unable to
guide the city’s growth.

 Current Master plan was prepared on basis of an
integrated but defined land uses with the approach
geared to provision of infrastructure planned areas
and for public functions.

 The plan didn’t take into account the large growth of
informal settlement/sector

 Urban informal sector is the fast sector - housing,
business, transport among urban functions

 Growing informality is associated with conventional/
traditional planning failure to projection of rapid
urbanisation and plan for it.

What needs to be done?

 Adopt a regional planning and economic
decentralisation to promote growth in satellite towns
and urban corridors to hence economic, spatial and
infrastructure compatibility (with radius of 60-100Km)

 Urban expansion to prevent further encroachment of
the farm lands.

 Integrate slums and informal settlements with urban
planning and economic growth strategies to address
growing urban poverty.

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What needs to be done?

Recognising access to land- critical to the livelihoods of
the urban poor :

 Many slum people live and work in the settlements
where tenure/rights are irregular/illegal. 96% are
tenants.

 Individuals have over time negotiated informal
arrangements with authorities to erect structures and
collect rents. Structure owners are under no
obligation to maintain premises or provide basic
services.

What needs to be done?

 Planning to provide a regulatory framework that
responds to the needs of the urban poor

 Access to land not only for housing but also to
support other livelihoods systems.

 Need adopt innovative planning that will response
adopting conventional land administration , regulation
and support economic activities, regularization and
upgrading of informal settlements as opposed to
demolitions and evictions.

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The Emerging Participatory
Planning Paradigm

Conventional planning can be cumbersome, not flexible,
and set standards which are too high

 New planning methodology with both participation &
partnership building taking root in the country
championed by CSOs and donors

 New constitution offers more hope towards
realization of development through participatory
planning approaches

 New approaches need to find ways of planning
proactively in new ways which do not price the poor
out of the market but actually help them achieve their
rights

Case Study on Practical Action
Experiences on Peri Integrated
approaches to reducing poverty –

improving health in informal
settlements of Nairobi Kenya

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Project Data

 Name: Integrated approaches to reducing poverty –
improving health in informal settlements of Nairobi Kenya

 Location: Mukuru informal settlement
 Context: The larger Mukuru (12 villages) have an

estimated population of 250,000 people
 Target population: 67,000 residents in the 3 settlements

About Mukuru

 Mukuru informal settlement located on the South
Eastern side of Nairobi

 Administratively traverses districts Makadara and
Embakasi

 Has an estimated population of about 250,000 people
 Slum is located along the Ngong river stretching to over

6 kilometres

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Location of Mukuru settlement

Mukuru water sanitation and
health

 Water is provided by the Nairobi
City Water and Sewerage
Company to central metering
points (chambers) on the
periphery of the settlement

 Internal supply is done by small
water enterprises who connect
water from the chambers to
various locations in the
settlement

 Toilets are provided by
organised groups, landlords as
well as private enterprises

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Project intervention sectors

 Relationships – Fear dominated previous relations and
important to build confidence

 Water – improve access to reliable and good quality
water

 Sanitation – greater access/use of improved sanitation
for residents

 Health – greater awareness, reliable and good quality
water and better sanitation also result in reduction in
incidence of sanitation related illnesses

Overall objective Objectives…

To improve the incomes and health of
poor people in Nairobi’s informal
settlements, through participative and
sustainable service delivery of good
quality water and environmental
sanitation

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Specific Objective Objectives…

… ensure regular supply of good quality water
and sanitation services to Mukuru …by
improving the working relationship between
NCWSC and the Mukuru community, using a
participatory planning process

Expected outputs

 Better engagement between the water
company and the water user/residents of
Mukuru

 Identifying, developing and constructing
appropriate sanitation technology

 Ensure reliable supply of good quality
water

 Construct 100 water points

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Relevance to MDGs

 MDG target 10: Reduce by half the

proportion of people without sustainable
access to safe drinking water and improved
sanitation.

 MDG Target 11: Achieve a significant

improvement in the lives of at least
100,000,000 slum dwellers –

What has been achieved?

Better Relationships:
Improved Water?
Improved Sanitation?
Improved Health?
Neighbourhood Planning

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The means – what has been
done

How we will achieve those targets

 Community capacity building in health and hygiene
 SWE SACCO – access financing with micro financing

institutions
 Construct facilities (3 ablution blocks and 20 stand

alone toilets
 Extend pipe network into the neighbourhood (2500

metres)
 At least 50 new water point
 Community office, chief and Water company office

END…

Thank you

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