Madina Arabic Book 1 Class Notes AbdurRahman.Org

Anatomy of The Past Tense Verb

ٌ‫لٌ َك ِل َمة‬ ٌ‫عٌ َك ِل َمة‬ ‫فٌ َك ِل َمٌة‬ Meaning ٌ‫ِف ْعل‬
ٌ‫َب‬ ٌ‫َه‬ ٌ‫َذ‬ ‫َذ َه ٌَب‬
ٌ‫َس‬ ٌ‫َل‬ ٌ‫َج‬ He left ٌ‫َج َل َس‬
ٌ‫َر‬ ٌ‫َص‬ ‫ٌَن‬ He sat ‫نَ َص ٌَر‬
ٌ‫َع‬ ٌ‫ِم‬ ٌ‫َس‬ He helped ‫َس ِم ٌَع‬
ٌ‫َم‬ ٌ‫ُر‬ ٌ‫َك‬ He heard ٌ‫َك ُر َم‬
He became noble

 In the base form for all 3 letter past tense verbs:

 ‫ فٌ َك ِل َمٌة‬and ‫ لٌ َك ِل َمٌة‬always have a ‫َف ْت َحٌة‬
 ‫ عٌ َك ِل َمٌة‬can have a ‫ َض َّمٌة‬, ‫ َف ْت َحٌة‬, orٌ‫َك ْس َرة‬

ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 4 (ver. 5) 20

Conjugation of The Past Tense Verb

This alif is called ‫( ّالِ ُفٌال ِو َقا َي ٌِة‬alif of ٌ‫ َفا ِعل‬Suffix
protection). It protects the ‫ و‬from ‫َخ َر ٌَج‬ ‫ ُه ٌَو ُمس َت ِتٌر‬He
being mistaken for the conjunction ‫و‬ ٌْ‫َخ َر َجٌا‬ ‫ ُه َما ْاٌ ٌْا‬They (2)
‫َخ َر ُجٌ ٌْوا‬
(and). It is written but not pronounced ‫َخَخَر َر َجَج ٌَتْاٌٌْت‬ ‫ْوا ٌْو‬ ٌ‫ ُه ْم‬They (>2)
ٌ‫َخ َر ٌْج َن‬ ٌ‫ْتٌ ُمس َت ِتر‬ ‫ِه ٌَي‬
All ٌ‫ َفا ِعل‬in this group are ‫َخ َر ْجٌ ٌَت‬ ‫ُه َما‬ She
either ٌ‫ ُمس َت ِتر‬or have a ‫َخ َر ْجٌ ُت َما‬ ‫َتاٌْ ٌْا‬ They (2)
sukun oisnctahlleemd ,‫ٌن‬s‫ ِك‬o‫سا‬tَ his ‫ََخخ َرَر ْْجٌجٌ ُت ِ ْمٌٌت‬
group ‫َخ َر ٌْج ُت َما‬ ٌ‫ ُه ٌَّن َنٌ َن‬They (>2)
ٌ‫َخ َر ٌْج ُت َّن‬ ٌ‫ اّ ْن ٌَت ٌَت َت‬You
‫َخ َر ٌْج ٌُت‬ ‫ ّا ْن ُت َما تُ َما ُت َما‬You (2)
This is ٌ‫( َتا ُءٌال َّتانِ ْي ِث‬ta of feminine) ‫َخ َر ٌْج َنا‬ ‫ اّنْ ُت ٌْم تُ ٌْم تُ ٌْم‬You (>2)
ٌ‫ اّنْ ٌِت ِتٌ ِت‬You
All ‫ َفا ِع ٌل‬in this group ‫ اّنْ ُت َما ُت َما تُ َما‬You (2)
‫ اّ ْن ُت َّنٌ تُ َّنٌ ُت ٌَّن‬You (>2)
have some vowel sign on ٌ‫اّنَا ُتٌ ُت‬
them so this group is I

called ٌ‫ُم َت َح ِّرك‬

‫ نَ ْح ُنٌ نَا َنا‬We

ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 4 (ver. 5) 21

‫‪Conjugation of The Past Tense Verb Examples‬‬

‫ََََََََسسََسسسسََسسَسسسسَسِِسِِِِِممِمممممِِمِِممممَِِْْْْْمْععٌٌْعٌٌعععٌمعٌْعٌَُْعٌٌعُُتتعٌعَُتُتعٌٌَََْتنٌعوٌٌاََََُِْْااٌْممْانٌَّمٌٌنٌتٌتٌٌتتاا‬ ‫‪َ Suffix‬فا ِعلٌ‬
‫َك ُر َمٌ‬ ‫َذ َه ٌَب‬ ‫َخ َر َجٌ‬ ‫‪ُ He‬ه ٌَو ُمس َت ِترٌ‬
‫َك ُر ٌَمٌاْ‬ ‫َذ َه ٌَبٌاْ‬ ‫َخ َر ٌَجاٌْ‬ ‫)‪ُ They (2‬ه َما ٌْا ٌْا‬
‫َك ُر ٌُم ْوٌا‬ ‫َذ َه ٌُب ْوٌا‬ ‫َخ َر ُجٌ ْوٌا‬ ‫ْوا ٌْو‬ ‫)‪ُ They (>2‬ه ْمٌ‬
‫َك َكُر ُرَمَم ٌَتٌْاٌْت‬ ‫َذَذ َهََهب َب َتٌْاٌٌْت‬ ‫َخَخَر َر َجَج َتٌْاٌٌْت‬ ‫ٌْت ُمس َت ِترٌ‬ ‫ِه َيٌ‬
‫َك ُر ْمٌ َنٌ‬ ‫َذ َه ٌْب ٌَن‬ ‫َخ َر ٌْج ٌَن‬ ‫ُه َما‬ ‫‪She‬‬
‫َك ُر ٌْم ٌَت‬ ‫َذ َه ٌْب ٌَت‬ ‫َخ َر ٌْج ٌَت‬ ‫َتٌاْ ٌْا‬ ‫)‪They (2‬‬
‫َك ُر ْمٌ ُت َما‬ ‫َذ َه ٌْب ُت َما‬ ‫َخ َر ٌْج ُت َما‬
‫َكَك ُرُر ٌْْمٌم ُت ِ ٌْمٌت‬ ‫َذ َه ٌْب ُت ٌْم‬ ‫ََخخ َرَر ْْجٌجٌ ُت ِ ْمٌٌت‬ ‫)‪ُ They (>2‬ه َّنٌ ٌَن ٌَن‬
‫َك ُر ْمٌ ُت َما‬ ‫َذ َه ٌْب ٌِت‬ ‫َخ َر ٌْج ُت َما‬ ‫‪ You‬اّنْ ٌَت ٌَت ٌَت‬
‫َك ُر ٌْم ُت ٌَّن‬ ‫َذ َه ْبٌ ُت َما‬ ‫َخ َر ٌْج ُت َّنٌ‬ ‫)‪ You (2‬اّنْ ُت َما ُت َما تُ َما‬
‫َك ُر ٌْم ٌُت‬ ‫َذ َه ٌْب ُت ٌَّن‬ ‫َخ َر ْجٌ ٌُت‬ ‫)‪ You (>2‬اّ ْن ُت ْمٌ تُ ْمٌ ُت ْمٌ‬
‫َك ُر ٌْم َنا‬ ‫َذ َه ٌْب ٌُت‬ ‫َخ َر ْجٌ َنا‬ ‫‪ You‬اّ ْن ٌِت ٌِت ٌِت‬
‫َذ َه ْبٌ َنا‬ ‫)‪ You (2‬اّ ْن ُت َما ُت َما ُت َما‬
‫)‪ّ You (>2‬ا ْن ُت ٌَّن تُ َّنٌ ُت َّنٌ‬
‫اّنَا ُتٌ ٌُت‬
‫‪I‬‬

‫‪ We‬نَ ْح ٌُن َنا نَا‬

‫)‪ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 4 (ver. 5‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬

‫بِ ْس ِم اللِ ِه ال َّر ْحم ِن ال َّر ِح ْي ِم‬

ARIC – Arabic Class Notes

Part 5 (ver. 7)

Topics

Attached Pronoun (‫)ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم َتّ ِص ٌل‬
Early Predicate and Late Subject ( ‫)خب ٌر ُمق َّد ٌم و ُمبتداٌ ُمؤ َّخ ٌر‬

Plural (‫)ج ْم ٌع‬
Numbers (‫) َاعدا ٌد‬
Diptotes (‫)المم ُنو ُع ِمن ال َّصر ِف‬
Types of khabar (‫)اَنوا ُع الخب ِر‬

1

Revision History

Date Ver Author Revision Comments

Apr. 24, 2010 1 Zahid Naeem Initial version

May 1, 2010 2 Zahid Naeem Added more notes on Attached Pronoun

May 8, 2010 3 Zahid Naeem Added Early Predicate and Late Subject ( ‫)خب ٌر ُمق َّد ٌم و ُمبتداٌ ُمؤ َّخ ٌر‬

May 15, 2010 4 Zahid Naeem Added Plural (ٌ‫ ) َجمْع‬slides

Jun. 19, 2010 5 Zahid Naeem Added a slide for plurals of irrationals and adjective for muda’f vs. muda’f
ilaihi
Jun. 26, 2010 6 Zahid Naeem
Added slides for Numbers (‫)اَعدا ٌد‬
Jul. 10, 2010 7 Zahid Naeem
Added slides for singular, dual and plural case endings, grammatical analysis
Jul. 24, 2010 8 Zahid Naeem & Diptotes

Added slide for types of khabar

There are no copyrights reserved for this material. You may make copies and distribute them Fi Sabilillah – ‫ِفي س ِبي ِل اللَّ ِه‬ 2

Report any errors, omissions or suggestions to [email protected]

ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8)

Attached Pronoun (‫)ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل‬

Muhammad’s book. His book H‫ه‬iُ s‫ا ُب‬b‫ت‬o‫ ِك‬ok

‫ِكتا ُب ُمح َّمد‬ ‫ ُه‬+ ‫ِكتا ُب‬ ‫ُمضا ٌف و ُمضا ٌف ِال ْي ِه‬
‫ُمضا ٌف ُمضا ٌف اِل ْي ِه‬ ‫ُمضا ٌف ُمضا ٌف ِال ْي ِه‬
Y‫ك‬our‫ ُب‬b‫تا‬o‫ ِك‬ok
‫ك ُه‬and are attached Your book
‫ُمضا ٌف و ُمضا ٌف اِل ْي ِه‬
pronouns (‫)ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل‬ ‫ ك‬+ ‫ِكتا ُب‬
‫ُمضا ٌف ُمضا ٌف ِال ْي ِه‬

 aAlnwaatytsa‫ه‬cِ ‫ْي‬h‫اِل‬e‫ٌف‬d ‫ا‬p‫ض‬ro‫ ُم‬naonudnth(‫ٌل‬e‫ ِص‬n‫َّت‬o‫ ُم‬u‫ ٌر‬n‫ ِم ْي‬i‫ض‬t i)s, when attached to a noun, is

attached to is ‫ُمضا ٌف‬
 The attached pronoun in this case is always ‫م ْج ُر ْو ٌر‬

ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8) 3

Attached Pronoun (‫)ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل‬

From Muhammad Him From Fro‫ُه‬m‫ِم ْن‬him

‫ِم ْن ُمح َّمد‬ ‫ ُه‬+ ‫ِم ْن‬ ‫جار وم ْج ُرو ٌر‬
‫جار وم ْج ُرو ٌر‬ ‫ح ْر ُف جر اِ ْس ٌم م ْج ُر ْو ٌر‬
Fro‫ ْم‬m‫ ُه‬t‫ْن‬h‫ِم‬em
‫ ُه‬and ‫ ُه ْم‬are attached Them From
‫جار وم ْج ُرو ٌر‬
pronouns (‫)ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل‬ ‫ ُه ْم‬+ ‫ِم ْن‬
‫ح ْر ُف جر اِ ْس ٌم م ْج ُر ْو ٌر‬

 A(pnreapttoascithieodn)p,risonalowuany(s‫اِ) ْسض ٌم ِم ْيم ٌر ْج ُمُرَّت ْو ٌِرص ٌل‬, when attached to a ‫ح ْر ُف جر‬

ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8) 4

Attached Pronoun (‫ )ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل‬vs. Detached Pronoun (‫)ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم ْنف ِص ٌل‬

‫( ض ِم ْي ٌر ُمتَّ ِص ٌل‬Attached Pronoun) ‫( ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم ْنف ِص ٌل‬Detached Pronoun)
‫ُه‬ ‫ُم ْفر ٌد ُهو‬
Singular He, It

Masculine “Dual” They (2) ‫ُهما‬ ‫ُمذكَّ ٌر ُمث َّنى ُهما‬

3rd Person Plural They ‫ُه ْم‬ ‫ج ْم ٌع ُه ْم‬ ‫غايِ ٌب‬
Singular She, It ‫ها‬ ‫ُم ْفر ٌد ِهي‬
2nd person
1st person Feminine “Dual” They (2) ‫ُهما‬ ‫ُمؤنَّ ٌث ُمث َّنى ُهما‬

Plural They ‫ُه َّن‬ ‫ج ْم ٌع ُه َّن‬
Singular You ‫ك‬ ‫ُم ْفر ٌد اَنْت‬

Masculine “Dual” You (2) ‫كُما‬ ‫ُمذكَّ ٌر ُمث َّنى اَ ْن ُتما‬

Plural You (>2) ‫ُك ْم‬ ‫ج ْم ٌع َا ْن ُت ْم‬ ‫ُمخاط ٌب‬
Singular You ‫ِك‬ ‫ُم ْفر ٌد اَنْ ِت‬

Feminine “Dual” You (2) ‫ُكما‬ ‫ُمؤنَّ ٌث ُمث َّنى َانْ ُتما‬

Plural You (>2) ‫كُ َّن‬ ‫ج ْم ٌع اَنْ ُت َّن‬
Singular I ‫ي‬ ‫َانا‬ ‫ُم ْفر ٌد‬
Masc. & Fem. Plural ‫نا‬ ‫ن ْح ُن‬ ‫ج ْم ٌع‬ ‫ُمتكلِّ ٌم ُمذكَّ ٌر و ُمؤنَّ ٌث‬
We

ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8) 5

Attached Pronoun (‫ )ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل‬vs. Detached Pronoun (‫)ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم ْنف ِص ٌل‬

‫ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل‬ ‫ُهو ُه‬ ‫ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم ْنف ِص ٌل‬
‫ُهما ُهما‬
 Always ‫( م ْع ِرف ٌة‬definite) ‫ُه ْم ُه ْم‬  Always ‫( م ْع ِرف ٌة‬definite)
 Are ‫( م ْب ِن ٌي‬fixed) ‫ِهي ها‬  Are ‫( م ْب ِن ٌي‬fixed)
 Always ‫( مج ُرو ٌر‬genitive) or ‫ُهما ُهما‬  Always ‫( م ْرفُ ْو ٌع‬nominative)
‫ُه َّن ُه َّن‬
‫( من ُصو ٌب‬accusative) ‫اَنْت ك‬ 6
‫اَنْ ُتما ُكما‬
 Can be attached to a noun, ‫اَنْ ُت ْم ُك ْم‬
verb or a particle ‫اَ ْن ِت ِك‬
‫َا ْن ُتما كُما‬
This ‫ ي‬is called ‫( يا ُء ا ْل ُمتكلِّ ِم‬ya-ul ‫َا ْن ُت َّن ُك َّن‬
‫اَنا ي‬
mutakallim) – Ya of the first ‫ن ْح ُن نا‬
person

ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8)

‫ُمضا ٌف اِل ْي ِه ‪) as‬ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل( ‪Attached Pronoun‬‬

‫‪ changes‬التا ُء المر ُبوط ُة ‪The‬‬ ‫س َّيار ٌة‬ ‫ِِككِِِكككِكِكِكِِتتككِتتتِكِكتكتِكتاِاتتكاااتتاتاتاُُببااتُُُببباُبااُبُباُُبباُببُُُِبُُبُههُُكهكهُنٌكُكُهِْهايباممَّْككممْمَّنمااناا‬ ‫‪His‬‬ ‫ُه‬ ‫ُهو‬
‫‪ when it‬التا ُء المف ُتوح ُة ‪to a‬‬ ‫س َّيارتُ ُه‬ ‫)‪Their (2 mas.‬‬ ‫ُهما‬ ‫ُهما‬
‫س َّيارتُ ُهما‬ ‫)‪Their (>2 mas.‬‬ ‫ُه ْم‬ ‫ُِهه ْمي‬
‫‪is followed by an‬‬ ‫س َّيارتُ ُه ْم‬ ‫ها‬ ‫ُهما‬
‫‪attached pronoun.‬‬ ‫س َّيار ُتها‬ ‫‪Her‬‬ ‫ُهما‬ ‫ُه َّن‬
‫س َّيار ُت ُهما‬ ‫)‪Their (2 fem‬‬ ‫ُه َّن‬ ‫اَنْت‬
‫‪The last letter of the‬‬ ‫س َّيارتُ ُه َّن‬ ‫)‪Their (>2 fem‬‬ ‫ك‬ ‫اَنْ ُتما‬
‫س َّيارتُك‬ ‫ُكما‬ ‫َانْ ُت ْم‬
‫‪e. nA‬يا‪ُ h‬ء ا‪ْ w‬ل ُمكتسكرلِّ ٌة ِم‪ُ hgeedtstoa‬م‪ac‬ضا‪aٌ tt‬ف‬ ‫س َّيار ُت ُكما‬ ‫‪Your‬‬ ‫كُ ْم‬ ‫اَ ْن ِت‬
‫‪ on the last letter‬ض َّم ٌة‬ ‫س َّيارتُ ُك ْم‬ ‫)‪Your (2 mas.‬‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اَنْ ُتما‬
‫س َّيارتُ ِك‬ ‫)‪Your (>2 mas.‬‬ ‫كُما‬ ‫َا ْن ُت َّن‬
‫‪would have made the‬‬ ‫س َّيار ُت ُكما‬ ‫)‪Your (fem‬‬ ‫ُك َّن‬ ‫اَنا‬
‫‪pronunciation difficult.‬‬ ‫س َّيساَّيار ُترتِ ُكْي َّن‬ ‫)‪Your (2 fem‬‬ ‫ْي‬ ‫ن ْح ُن‬
‫س َّيارتُنا‬ ‫)‪Your (>2 fem‬‬ ‫نا‬

‫‪My‬‬
‫‪Our‬‬

‫)‪ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪) with Special Nouns‬ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل( ‪Attached Pronoun‬‬

‫‪ between‬و ‪Notice the extra‬‬ ‫اَ ٌخ َا ٌب‬
‫‪ُ . By same‬مضا ٌف اِل ْي ِه ‪ُ and‬مضا ٌف‬ ‫ُهو ُه اَ ُخ ْو ُه َا ُب ْو ُه‬
‫ُهما ُهما َا ُخ ْو ُهما َا ُب ْو ُهما‬
‫”‪token “Muhammad’s father‬‬ ‫ُه ْم اَ ُخ ْو ُه ْم َا ُب ْو ُه ْم‬ ‫ُِهه ْمي‬
‫ها اَ ُخ ْوها َا ُب ْوها‬
‫اَ ُبو ُمح َّمد ‪will be‬‬ ‫ُهما ُهما َا ُخ ْو ُهما اَ ُب ْو ُهما‬
‫‪َ are 2 of the 4 special‬ا ٌب و َا ٌخ‬ ‫ُه َّن ُه َّن اَ ُخ ْو ُه َّن اَ ُب ْو ُه َّن‬
‫‪.‬و ‪nouns, which take this extra‬‬ ‫َانْت ك اَ ُخ ْوك اَ ُب ْوك‬
‫َا ْن ُتما ُكما َا ُخ ْوكُما َا ُب ْو ُكما‬
‫‪Will learn the other two later.‬‬ ‫َااَُب ُبْوْو ُكِكْم‬ ‫كُ ْم اَ ُخ ْوكُ ْم‬ ‫اَنْ ُت ْم‬
‫ِك َا ُخ ْو ِك‬ ‫اَنْ ِت‬
‫‪ does not‬و ‪The rule for extra‬‬ ‫َا ْن ُتما ُكما َا ُخ ْوكُما َا ُب ْو ُكما‬
‫َا ُب ْو ُك َّن‬ ‫اَاََاُخ ُِْخوخْو ُْكنيا َّن‬ ‫ُك َّن‬ ‫اَ ْن ُت َّن‬
‫‪apply when these nouns are‬‬ ‫َااَُببِْو ْنيا‬ ‫ْي‬ ‫اَنا‬
‫نا‬ ‫ن ْح ُن‬
‫يا ُء ا ْل ُمتكلِّ ِم ‪followed by‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫)‪ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8‬‬

‫اس ٌم مج ُرو ٌر ‪) as‬ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل( ‪Attached Pronoun‬‬

‫اِلى ‪َ at the end of‬الِف م ْق ُصورة ‪The‬‬ ‫اِلى‬ ‫ع ْن‬ ‫ُه‬ ‫ُهو‬
‫‪ (ya) when it is‬ي ‪changes to a‬‬ ‫اِل ْي ِه‬ ‫ع ْن ُه‬ ‫ُهما‬
‫ُهما ع ْن ُهما اِل ْي ِهما‬ ‫ُِهه ْمي‬
‫‪followed by an attached‬‬ ‫ُهما‬
‫ُه َّن‬
‫‪pronoun.‬‬ ‫اِل ْي ِه ْم‬ ‫ع ْن ُه ْم‬ ‫ُه ْم‬ ‫َا ْنت‬
‫اِل ْيها‬ ‫ع ْنها‬ ‫ها‬ ‫اَ ْن ُتما‬
‫‪Also‬‬ ‫‪notice the change from‬‬ ‫ُه‬ ‫‪to‬‬ ‫اِل ْي ِهما‬ ‫ع ْن ُهما‬ ‫ُهما‬ ‫َانْ ُت ْم‬
‫‪the attached pronoun.‬‬ ‫اِل ْي ِه َّن‬ ‫ع ْن ُه َّن‬ ‫ُه َّن‬ ‫اَ ْن ِت‬
‫‪ِ for‬ه‬ ‫اَ ْن ُتما‬
‫اَ ْن ُت َّن‬
‫على ‪Same is true for‬‬ ‫َانا‬
‫ن ْح ُن‬
‫ك ع ْنك اِل ْيك‬
‫كُما ع ْن ُكما اِل ْي ُكما‬
‫كُ ْم ع ْن ُك ْم اِل ْي ُك ْم‬
‫ِك ع ْن ِك اِل ْي ِك‬
‫كُما ع ْن ُكما اِل ْي ُكما‬
‫ُك َّن ع ْن ُك َّن اِل ْي ُك َّن‬
‫اِلي ‪ْ +‬ي = اِل َّي‬ ‫اِاِلل ْينَّيا‬ ‫ْي ع ِّن ْي‬
‫نا ع َّنا‬

‫)‪ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫اس ٌم مج ُرو ٌر ‪) as‬ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل( ‪Attached Pronoun‬‬

‫ف ْتح ٌة ‪The preposition gets a‬‬ ‫ل ُه‬ ‫ُهو ُه بِ ِه‬
‫ل ُهما‬ ‫ُهما ُهما بِ ِهما‬
‫‪when it is followed by an‬‬ ‫ل ُه ْم‬ ‫بِ ِه ْم‬ ‫ُه ْم‬ ‫ُِهه ْمي‬
‫‪attached pronoun, with one‬‬ ‫لها‬ ‫بِها‬ ‫ها‬
‫‪exception; see below.‬‬ ‫ل ُهما‬ ‫ُهما ُهما بِ ِهما‬
‫ل ُه َّن‬ ‫ُه َّن ُه َّن بِ ِه َّن‬
‫كسر ٌة ‪The preposition retains its‬‬ ‫لك‬ ‫َا ْنت ك بِك‬
‫يا ُء ال ُمتكلِّ ِم ‪when it is attached to‬‬ ‫ل ُكما‬ ‫َا ْن ُتما كُما بِ ُكما‬
‫ل ُك ْم‬ ‫َا ْن ُت ْم كُ ْم بِ ُك ْم‬
‫)‪ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8‬‬ ‫ل ِك‬ ‫َانْ ِت ِك بِ ِك‬
‫ل ُكما‬ ‫اَ ْن ُتما كُما بِ ُكما‬
‫للِ ُكْي َّن‬ ‫َا ْن ُت َّن ُك َّن بِ ُك َّن‬
‫لنا‬ ‫بِبِن ْاي‬ ‫َانا ْي‬
‫ن ْح ُن نا‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم ْنف ِص ٌل ‪ vs.‬ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل ‪Past Tense Verb Suffix vs.‬‬

‫‪Past Tense Verb Suffix‬‬ ‫ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل‬ ‫ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم ْنف ِص ٌل‬
‫ُه‬ ‫ُهو‬
‫ْا‬ ‫ُهما‬ ‫ُهما‬
‫ْوا‬ ‫ُه ْم‬ ‫ُِهه ْمي‬
‫ْت‬ ‫ها‬ ‫ُهما‬
‫تاْ‬ ‫ُهما‬ ‫ُه َّن‬
‫ن‬ ‫ُه َّن‬ ‫َا ْنت‬
‫ت‬ ‫ك‬ ‫َا ْن ُتما‬
‫ُتما‬ ‫ُكما‬ ‫َانْ ُت ْم‬
‫تُ ْم‬ ‫كُ ْم‬ ‫َانْ ِت‬
‫ِت‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫َانْ ُتما‬
‫تُما‬ ‫كُما‬ ‫اَ ْن ُت َّن‬
‫تُ َّن‬ ‫ُك َّن‬ ‫َانا‬
‫ُت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ن ْح ُن‬
‫نا‬ ‫نا‬

‫)‪ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

Early Predicate and Late Subject ( ‫)خب ٌر ُمق َّد ٌم و ُمبتداٌ ُمؤ َّخ ٌر‬

A ‫( ِش ْب ُه ال ُج ْمل ِة‬phrase), e.g. The man is in the house ‫ال َّر ُج ُل‬
ٌ‫ُم ْبتدا‬
‫ِفي البي ِت‬
‫ خب ٌر‬،‫ ِش ْب ُه ال ُج ْمل ِة‬،‫جار وم ْج ُر ْو ٌر‬

‫( جار وم ْج ُر ْو ٌر‬prepositional A man is in the house
phrase) coarn‫ ٌف‬ne‫ظ ْر‬ve(radbveeٌ‫دا‬rb‫م ْبت‬iُ al
phrase) ‫ر ُج ٌل‬ ‫ِفي البي ِت‬
‫ُم ْبتداٌ ُمؤ َّخ ٌر‬ ‫ خب ٌر ُمق َّد ٌم‬،‫ ِش ْب ُه ال ُج ْمل ِة‬،‫جار وم ْج ُر ْو ٌر‬
(subject), even though a

sentence may begin with it.

A garden is in front of the masjid

‫المس ِج ِد ح ِديق ٌة‬ ‫اَمام‬
‫ خب ٌر ُمق َّد ٌم مضا ٌف اِلي ِه ُم ْبتداٌ ُمؤ َّخ ٌر‬،‫ ِش ْب ُه ال ُج ْمل ِة‬،‫ظ ْر ٌف‬

ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8) 12

Has an ûna ( ‫ ) ْون‬ending, Plural ( ‫)ج ْم ٌع‬
e.g. ‫ ُمس ِل ٌم‬-> ‫ُمس ِل ُم ْون‬
Has an âtun (‫ )ا ٌت‬ending,
e.g. ‫ ُمس ِلم ٌة‬-> ‫ُمس ِلما ٌت‬

Sound‫لِ ٌم‬M‫سا‬a‫ٌر‬sَّ‫ك‬c‫ذ‬u‫ُم‬lin‫ ٌع‬e‫ج ْم‬Plural Soun‫ٌم‬dِ‫ال‬F‫س‬e‫ث‬mٌ iَّ‫ن‬n‫ُمؤ‬in‫ٌع‬e‫ ْم‬P‫ج‬lural Some nouns have
multiple plural
forms, e.g., ‫ اَ ٌخ‬has
Sound Plural ‫ج ْم ٌع سالِ ٌم‬
two plural forms
Plural ‫ج ْم ٌع‬
1) ‫ اِ ْخو ٌة‬and 2) ‫اِ ْخوا ُن‬

The singular word stays

intact in the plural, e.g. Broken Plural ‫ج ْم ٌع تك ِسي ٌر‬

‫ ُمد ِّر ٌس‬-> ‫ُمد ِّر ُس ْون‬

The ‫ب‬sٌ inِ‫ال‬g‫ط‬u-l>ar‫ٌب‬w‫ا‬o‫ ُط َّل‬rd, is broken to create the plural,
e.g.
‫ قل ٌم‬-> ‫اَ ْقلا ٌم‬. Broken plurals have
many patterns, as explained later.

ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8) 13

‫‪Patterns of Broken Plural‬‬

‫فُ ُع ْو ٌل‬ ‫فُ ُع ٌل‬ ‫ُك ُت ٌب‬
‫نُ ُج ْو ٌم ن ْج ٌم‬ ‫ِكتا ٌب‬ ‫ُر ُس ٌل‬
‫ُش ُي ْو ٌخ ش ْي ٌخ‬ ‫ر ُس ْو ٌل‬

‫ِفعا ٌل‬ ‫فُ َّعا ٌل‬
‫ِجبا ٌل جب ٌل‬ ‫تُ َّجا ٌر تا ِج ٌر‬
‫ِرجا ٌل ر ُج ٌل‬ ‫ُط َّلا ٌب طالِ ٌب‬

‫)‪ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫‪Patterns of Broken Plural‬‬

‫َا ْفعا ٌل‬ ‫اَ ْف ِعلا ُء‬
‫َا ْولا ٌد ول ُد‬ ‫اَ ْص ِدقا ُء ص ِد ْي ٌق‬
‫َا ْعما ٌم عم‬ ‫اَ ِط َّبا ُء اَ ْطبِبا ُء طبِ ْي ٌب‬

‫ِف ْعل ٌة‬ ‫فُعلا ُء‬
‫اِ ْخو ٌة َا ٌخ‬ ‫ُزملا ُء ز ِم ْي ٌل‬
‫ِف ْتي ٌة فتى‬ ‫فُقرا ُء ف ِق ْي ٌر‬

‫‪We will learn more patterns later‬‬ ‫)الم ْم ُنو ُع ِمن ال َّص ْر ِف( ‪Diptote‬‬

‫)‪ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

Plural Demonstrative Pronouns

‫اِ ْس ُم ا ْل ِاشار ِة لِ ْلب ِع ْي ِد‬ ‫اِ ْس ُم ا ْل ِاشار ِة لِ ْلق ِر ْي ِب‬ ‫ُمزكَّ ٌر‬ ‫ُم ْفر ٌد عا ِق ٌل وغ ْي ُر عا ِقل‬
‫ذلِك‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫ُمؤنَّ ٌث‬
‫تِ ْلك‬ ‫ه ِذ ِه‬ ‫ُمزكَّ ٌر و ُمؤنَّ ٌث‬ ‫عا ِق ٌل‬ ‫ج ْم ٌع‬
‫ه ُؤلا ِء‬ ‫ُمزكَّ ٌر و ُمؤنَّ ٌث‬ ‫غ ْي ُر عا ِقل‬
)‫ُا ْولائِك (اُ ْولِِئك‬ ‫ه ِذ ِه‬
‫تِ ْلك‬

This is a teacher ‫هذا ُمد ِّر ٌس‬
This is a (female) teacher ‫ه ِذ ِه ُمد ِّرس ٌة‬
These are teachers ‫ه ُؤلا ِء ُمد ِّر ُس ْون‬
This is a book ‫هذا ِكتا ٌب‬
These are books ‫ه ِذ ِه ُك ُت ٌب‬

There are exceptions to these rules, which we will learn later 16
ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8)

Treatment of ‫ عا ِق ٌل‬vs. ‫ غ ْي ُر عا ِقل‬Plurals

‫ج ْم ٌع‬ ‫ُم ْفر ٌد‬
‫عا ِق ٌل ُم ْفر ٌد‬
‫مك ُسو ٌر‬ ‫ُمؤنَّ ٌث ُم ْفر ٌد‬ ‫سالِ ٌم‬ ‫غ ْي ُر عا ِقل ُم ْفر ٌد‬
‫ج ْم ٌع مك ُسو ٌر‬ ‫ج ْم ٌع سالِ ٌم‬

This is a new student ‫ هذا طال ٌب ج ِدي ٌد‬This is a new teacher ‫هذا ُمد ِّر ٌس ج ِدي ٌد‬
These are new students ‫ ه ُؤلا ِء ُط َّلا ٌب ُج ُد ٌد‬These are new teachers ‫ه ُؤلا ِء ُمد ِّر ُسون ُج ُد ٌد‬

This is a new book ‫ هذا ِكتا ٌب ج ِدي ٌد‬This is a new watch ‫ه ِذ ِه ساع ٌة ج ِديد ٌة‬
These are new books ‫ ه ِذ ِه ُك ُت ٌب ج ِديد ٌة‬These are new watches ‫ه ِذ ِه ساعا ٌت ج ِديد ٌة‬

Is the door of the house open? Yes, it is open. .‫ ُهو مف ُتو ٌح‬،‫اَبا ُب البي ِت مف ُتو ٌح؟ نعم‬

Are the doors of the house open? Yes, they are open .‫ ِهي مف ُتوح ٌة‬،‫َا َا ْبوا ُب البي ِت مف ُتوح ٌة؟ نعم‬

In classical Arabic, sometimes broken plural for rational being is also treated as feminine singular. 17
ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8)

‫ ن ْع ٌت‬for ‫ُمضا ٌف و ُمضا ٌف اِل ْي ِه‬

The new teacher’s book The teacher’s new book

‫ِكتا ُب ال ُمد ِّر ِس الج ِدي ِد‬ ‫ال ُمد ِّر ِس الج ِدي ُد‬ ‫ِكتا ُب‬
‫ُمضا ٌف ُمضا ٌف اِل ْي ِه ومن ُعو ٌت ن ْع ٌت‬ ‫ُمضا ٌف ومن ُعو ٌت ُمضا ٌف ِال ْي ِه ن ْع ٌت‬

 ‫ف‬mٌ u‫ضا‬st‫ ُم‬caonmde‫ْي ِه‬a‫اِل‬f‫ف‬tٌ er‫اِلُمْي ِهضا‬ always come together, so the ‫ن ْع ٌت‬ for either one of them

‫ُمضا ٌف‬
 The case ending of the ‫ ن ْع ٌت‬tells us if it is for ‫ ُمضا ٌف‬or ‫ُمضا ٌف اِل ْي ِه‬
 Note the ‫ ُمضا ٌف‬is definite if its ‫ ُمضا ٌف اِل ْي ِه‬is definite, so its ‫ ن ْع ٌت‬must also be

ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8) 18

Numbers - ‫اَعدا ٌد‬

 Numbers (‫ َاعدا ٌد‬singular: ‫ )عد ٌد‬in ‫ُمزكَّ ٌر ُمؤنَّ ٌث‬ ١
٢
Arabic are fully declinable nouns ‫وا ِح ٌد وا ِحد ٌة‬ ٣
 The noun being counted with a ‫اِ ْثنا ِن اِ ْثنتا ِن‬ ٤
٥
number is called ‫مع ُدو ٌد‬ ‫ثلا ٌث ثلاث ٌة‬ ٦
 The rules for the ‫ عد ٌد‬and the ٧
‫اَ ْرب ٌع َا ْربع ٌة‬ ٨
‫ مع ُدو ٌد‬change after every few ‫خ ْم ٌس خ ْمس ٌة‬ ٩
‫ِست ِس َّت ٌة‬ ١٠
numbers ‫س ْب ٌع س ْبع ٌة‬
‫ثمانِ ْي ثمانِي ٌة‬ 19
ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8) ‫تِ ْس ٌع تِ ْسع ٌة‬
‫ع ْش ٌر عشر ٌة‬

‫‪Rules for Numbers 1 to 10‬‬

‫‪Numbers 1 - 2‬‬ ‫ُمزكَّ ٌر مع ُدو ٌد‬ ‫ُمؤنَّ ٌث مع ُدو ٌد‬
‫‪ Both 1 and 2 follow the noun as‬‬
‫اَ ٌخ وا ِح ٌد‬ ‫اُ ْخ ٌت وا ِحد ٌة‬
‫مع ُدو ٌد ‪ and the‬عد ٌد ‪adjective, so the‬‬ ‫اَخوا ِن اِ ْثنا ِن‬ ‫اُ ْختا ِن اِ ْثنتا ِن‬
‫‪.‬نع ٌت ومن ُعو ٌت ‪follow all the rules of‬‬ ‫ثلا ُث َاخوات‬
‫ثلاث ُة اِ ْخوة‬ ‫َا ْرب ُع َاخوات‬
‫‪Numbers 3 - 10‬‬ ‫خ ْم ُس َاخوات‬
‫َا ْربع ُة اِ ْخوة‬ ‫ِست َاخوات‬
‫)عد ٌد ( ‪ Number‬‬ ‫خ ْمس ُة ِا ْخوة‬ ‫س ْب ُع َاخوات‬
‫مع ُدو ٌد ‪• Comes before the‬‬ ‫ِس َّت ُة اِ ْخوة‬ ‫ثمانِ ْي َاخوات‬
‫)ال ‪ُ (hence no tanwin or‬مضا ٌف ‪• Is‬‬ ‫س ْبع ُة اِ ْخوة‬ ‫تِ ْس ُع اَخوات‬
‫ثمانِي ُة ِا ْخوة‬ ‫ع ْش ُر اَخوات‬
‫)مع ُدو ٌد ( ‪ Noun being counted‬‬ ‫تِ ْسع ُة اِ ْخوة‬
‫)مج ُرو ٌر ‪ُ (hence‬مضا ٌف اِلي ِه ‪• Is‬‬ ‫عشر ُة اِ ْخوة‬
‫جم ٌع ‪• Is‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪ is‬مع ُدو ٌد ‪ and‬عد ٌد ‪ The gender of‬‬

‫‪opposite‬‬

‫)‪ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8‬‬

‫‪Case Endings for Singular, Dual and Sound Plural‬‬

‫مج ُرو ٌر‬ ‫ُمؤنَّ ٌث‬ ‫مرفُو ٌع‬ ‫مج ُرو ٌر‬ ‫ُمزكَّ ٌر‬ ‫مرفُو ٌع‬ ‫ُم ْفر ٌد‬
‫من ُصو ٌب‬ ‫من ُصو ٌب‬
‫(علام ُة جر)‬ ‫(علام ُة رفع)‬ ‫(علام ُة جر)‬ ‫(علام ُة رفع)‬ ‫ُمث َّنى‬
‫(علام ُة نصب)‬ ‫(علام ُة نصب)‬ ‫جسالِم ٌٌمع‬
‫ُمس ِلمة‬ ‫ُمس ِلم ٌة‬ ‫ُمس ِلم‬ ‫ُمس ِل ٌم‬
‫ُمس ِلمة‬ ‫ُمس ِلما‬
‫(الكسر ُة)‬ ‫(ال َّض َّم ُة)‬ ‫(الكسر ُة)‬ ‫(ال َّض َّم ُة)‬
‫(الفتح ُة)‬ ‫(الفتح ُة)‬
‫ُمس ِلمتي ِن‬ ‫ُمس ِلمتا ِن‬ ‫ُمس ِلمي ِن‬ ‫ُمس ِلما ِن‬
‫ُمس ِلمتي ِن‬ ‫ُمس ِلمي ِن‬
‫(اليا ُء)‬ ‫(اَلِ ٌف)‬ ‫( اليا ُء )‬ ‫( َالِ ٌف)‬
‫(اليا ُء)‬ ‫(اليا ُء)‬
‫ُمس ِلمات‬ ‫ُمس ِلما ٌت‬ ‫ُمس ِل ِمين‬ ‫ُمس ِل ُمون‬
‫ُمس ِلمات‬ ‫ُمس ِل ِمين‬
‫(الكسر ُة)‬ ‫(ال َّض َّم ُة)‬ ‫(اليا ُء)‬ ‫(الوا ْو)‬
‫(الكسر ُة)‬ ‫(اليا ُء)‬

‫)‪ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬

‫)‪“My Class” - Grammatical Analysis (Book 1, Ch. 21‬‬

‫‪doors‬‬ ‫‪three‬‬ ‫‪it has‬‬ ‫‪big school it‬‬ ‫‪the masjid from near it‬‬ ‫‪my school this‬‬

‫لها ثلاث ُة اَبواب‬ ‫ِهي مدرس ٌة ك ِبير ٌة‬ ‫ِهي ق ِريب ٌة ِمن المس ِج ِد‬ ‫ه ِذ ِه مدرس ِتي‬

‫ُم اِلضيا ِه ٌف‬ ‫ُمبتداٌ ُمؤ َّخ ٌر‬ ‫اولم ُجج ُمرلو ِةٌر‪،،‬‬ ‫جار‬ ‫ُمبتداٌ نع ٌت‬ ‫جار ومج ُرو ٌر‬ ‫ُمبتداٌ‬ ‫ُم اِلضيا ِه ٌف‬ ‫ُمبتداٌ‬
‫و ُهو‬ ‫ِشب ُه‬ ‫خب ٌر‬ ‫خب ٌر‬ ‫خب ٌر و ُهو‬
‫ُمضا ٌف‬ ‫خب ٌر ُمق َّد ٌم‬
‫ُمضا ٌف‬

‫‪spacious class‬‬ ‫‪it and‬‬ ‫‪our class this‬‬ ‫‪many classes the school in now open it’s doors‬‬

‫و ُهو فص ٌل وا ِس ٌع‬ ‫هذا فصلُنا‬ ‫اَبوا ُبها مف ُتوح ٌة الان ِفي المدرس ِة فُ ُصو ٌل ك ِثير ٌة‬

‫نع ٌت‬ ‫ُم اِلضيا ِه ٌف ُمبتداٌ‬ ‫ُمبتداٌ‬ ‫نع ٌت‬ ‫جِاشبر ُهوالم ُجج ُرمول ٌرِة‪،،‬‬ ‫ظر ٌف‬ ‫ُم اِلضيا ِه ٌف‬ ‫ُمبتداٌ‬
‫حر ُف‬ ‫خب ٌر و ُهو‬ ‫ُمبتداٌ ُمؤ َّخ ٌر‬ ‫خب ٌر ُمق َّد ٌم‬ ‫خب ٌر‬ ‫و ُهو‬
‫خب ٌر‬ ‫عطف‬ ‫ُمضا ٌف‬ ‫ُمضا ٌف‬

‫)‪ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬

The Diptote – ‫المم ُنو ُع ِمن ال َّصر ِف‬

 ‫ المم ُنو ُع ِمن ال َّصر ِف‬literally means “indeclinable”
 ‫ – مم ُنو ٌع‬Impermissible, prohibited
 ‫ – صر ٌف‬Inflection, declension

 Diptote (‫ )المم ُنو ُع ِمن ال َّصر ِف‬is category of nouns and adjectives

1. Which never get a tanwin and

2. Their genitive (‫ )مج ُرو ٌر‬case is represented by fathah (‫)فتح ٌة‬

 Compare diptotes to regular nouns (a.k.a Triptotes), which
1. Get a tanwin, when they’re indefinite and

2. Decline to kasrah (‫ )كسر ٌة‬in their genitive (‫ )مج ُرو ٌر‬case

‫مرفُو ٌع من ُصو ٌب مج ُرو ٌر‬
‫ مسا ِج ُد مسا ِجد مسا ِجد‬Diptote - ‫المم ُنو ُع ِمن ال َّصر ِف‬
‫ِكتا ٌب ِكتابا ِكتاب‬
Triptote - ‫ُمعر ٌب‬

ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8) 23

‫) َانوا ُع الخب ِر( ‪Types of News‬‬

‫‪ ٣‬ظر ٌف‪ِ ،‬شب ُه ال ُجمل ِة‬ ‫‪٢‬جا ٌر ومج ُرو ٌر‪ِ ،‬شب ُه ال ُجمل ِة‬ ‫‪ُ ١‬مفر ٌد‬

‫ال ِكتا ُب تحت المكت ِب‬ ‫ال ِكتا ُب على المكت ِب‬ ‫ال ِكتا ُب ج ِدي ٌد‬

‫اَمام البي ِت ح ِديق ٌة‬ ‫ِفي البي ِت ر ُج ٌل‬ ‫ال ُق ْراَ ُن ِكتا ُب اللِ ِه‬

‫ال ُجمل ُة ‪Sentence‬‬ ‫ِشب ُه ال ُجمل ِة ‪Phrase‬‬ ‫ُمفر ٌد ‪One word‬‬

‫‪ ٥‬ال ُجمل ُة ال ِفع ِل َّي ُة‬ ‫‪ ٤‬ال ُجمل ُة ال ِاس ِم َّي ُة‬ ‫خب ٌر‬

‫بِلا ٌل خرج ِمن الفص ِل‬ ‫حا ِم ٌد َا ُخو ُه و ِزي ٌر‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫ال َّطالِبا ُت ذهبن اِلى المدرس ِة‬
‫فا ِطم ُة ِعندها س َّيار ٌة‬
‫)‪ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8‬‬