URULI_22

’ÚÀ˘ ’±1n∏ ¤È¬± ø‰¬·±À1Ȭ ;˘±˝√◊ ˘˚˛... ŒÒ±ª±À¬ı±1 ’±1n∏ ’˘¬Û ’±&ª±˝√◊ Δ· ø¸ ˘±˝√Ú◊ ÀȬ± ŒÍ¬ø˘ ¤Àfl¡¬ı±À1 Ê√≈˜ÀȬ±1
’±Àfl¡Ã fl≈¡G˘œ ¬Ûfl¡±˝√◊ Î◊¬ø1 Ô±Àfl¡... Î◊¬ø1 Ô±Àfl¡ Œ¸˝√◊ ŒÒ±ª±1 øˆ¬Ó¬1 ¬Û±À˘Õ·º
˜±Ê√Ó¬ ¶Û©Ü Δ˝√ ’±À˝√ ¬ı˚˛À¸ ’“±‰¬ Ȭڱ Œ¸±ÀÓ¬±1± Œ˜±ÀÓ¬±1±
¤‡Ú ˝√“±ø˝√˜≈ª± ˜≈‡º ˝√◊˜±Ú ˙±ôL/... ˝√◊˜±Ú Œ¸Ã˜…º ¸˜¢∂ ñ˘í1± Ú˝√˚˛, ŒÂ√±ª±˘œº... Œ˜ø1˚˛±˝√◊ ŒÔ±ª± fl¡±À¬Û±1‡ÚÕ˘
˜≈‡˜G˘Ó¬ Œfl¡ÀÚ√À1 ˝√◊˜±Ú õ∂˙±øôL1 Â√±˚˛±∑... ‰¬±˝√◊ ˆ¬±˘ ‚1À1 ˝√í¬ı Œ˚Ú ˘±ø·ÀÂ√º

øfl¡ Ê√±ÀÚ± ˝√˚˛, ˝√ͬ±» ¬Û±·˘1 √À1 ø‰¬¤ûø1 Î◊¬Àͬ ø¸..., ñ≈√ø√Ú˜±Ú ˝√í¬ıº ‡≈ª Œ¬ıøÂ√ øÓ¬øÚø√Úº Ó¬±Ó¬Õfl¡ Œ¬ıøÂ√
’ø¶ö1 Δ˝√ ø¸ ˝√±Ó¬ ≈√‡Ó¬ ˙”Ú…ÀÓ¬ ‚”1±¬ıÕ˘ ’±1y fl¡À1... Ú˝√˚˛º

ñ&ø‰¬ Œ˚±ª± ’±˝√◊Ó¬±... ˝√◊˚˛±Õ˘ Ú±ø˝√¬ı± Ó≈¬ø˜... ’±øÊ√fl¡±ø˘ ñÚ±˝√◊ Œ¬ıøÂ√ ¸˜˚˛ Ú˝√˚˛, ’˘¬Û ’±·Õ˘Àfl¡ ¬ı≈fl≈¡‡Ú
˝√◊˚˛±Ó¬ ˜±Ú≈À˝√ ˜±Ú≈˝√ ˜±À1... ˜Ú ·À˘˝√◊ ˜±À1º ¶§±Ô«1 ¬ı±À¬ı˝√◊ Ò¬ÛÒ¬Û±˝√◊ ’±øÂ√˘º ¤øÓ¬˚˛± ¸±1¸≈1 Ú±˝√◊º
¬ı±À¬ÛÀfl¡ ¬Û≈ÀÓ¬fl¡1 ˝√Ó¬…± fl¡À1 ’±1n∏ ¬Û≈ÀÓ¬Àfl¡ ¬ı±À¬Ûfl¡1, Œõ∂ø˜Àfl¡
õ∂ø˜fl¡±1, ¬ıi§≈+Àª ¬ıi§≈+1º ‡„√ÀÓ¬± ˜±À1, ≈√‡ÀÓ¬± ˜±À1, ¸Àμ˝√Ó¬ ñŒfl¡±ÀÚ±¬ı± ÒÚœ1 ≈√˘±À˘ ¬Û±¬Û Ò≈˝√◊ ΔÔ ·í˘º øfl¡ Œ˚
˜±À1 ’±Úøfl¡ ¶£≈¬øÓ¬«ÀÓ¬› ˜±Ú≈˝√ ˜±ø1 Œ¬Û˘±¬ı ¬Û±À1 ’±˝√◊Ó¬±/ ø√Ú fl¡±˘ ˝√í˘ Ú˝√˚˛/
’±Úøfl¡ √œ‚˘Õfl¡ 1‡± ‰≈¬ø˘1 ¬ı±À¬ı› ¤Ê√±fl¡ ˜±Ú≈˝√ ˘· Δ˝√
’fl¡˘˙1œ˚˛± ˘í1±fl¡ Œfl¡±¬ı±˝√◊ Œfl¡±¬ı±˝√◊ ˜±ø1 Œ¬Û˘±¬ı ¬Û±À1º ˜±Ú≈À˝√ ¸√…Ê√±Ó¬ ¤øȬ fl¡Ú…± ø˙qº ¸¬ı«˙1œ1Ó¬ ŒÓ¬Ê√ ŒÎ¬±„√±
¬ı…Ô« Œõ∂˜1 ¬ı±À¬ı ˜±Ú≈˝√ ˜±À1, øÚÊ√1 Δ¬Û˙±ø‰¬fl¡ UÓ¬±˙ ¬Û≈1Ì ¬ı±øg Ôfl¡± ‚“± øfl¡Â≈√˜±Ú Δ˘ øÚ–¸±1 Δ˝√ ¬Ûø1 ’±ÀÂ√º ‡≈ª ˙±øôLÓ¬
fl¡ø1 Î◊¬øͬ ø˙qÀ¬ı±1fl¡ ˜±À1, ¸1n∏ ¸1n∏ fl¡Ô±ÀÓ¬ fl¡±øÊ√˚˛± ˘±ø· q˝√◊ ’±ÀÂ√ Ó¬±˝√◊º Œ˚Ú Ê√ij ˝√í¬ı˘·œ˚˛±ÀȬ± Ó¬±˝√◊1 ¬ı±À¬ı Œfl¡±ÀÚ±¬ı±
¤Àfl¡¬ı±À1 Ê√œªÀÚ˝√◊ fl¡±øϬˇ øÚÀ˚˛º ¤˝√◊ ͬ±˝√◊ ‡≈¬ı Œ¬ı˚˛± Δ˝√ ·í˘ Ó¬±ø¬ÛÓ¬ ˜≈øÚÀ˚˛ ø√˚˛± ’Àˆ¬√… ’øˆ¬˙±¬ÛÀ˝√ ’±øÂ√˘, ô¶t Δ˝√
’±˝√◊Ó¬±... ˝√◊˚˛±Õ˘ ŒÓ¬±˜±À˘±fl¡ Ú±ø˝√¬ı±º... ’±øÊ√fl¡±ø˘ ˝√◊˚˛±Ó¬ Œ˚±ª±1 ¬Û±Â√Ó¬ ¤øÓ¬˚˛± ¸fl¡À˘± ˆ¬±˘º
˜±Ú≈˝√ Ú˝√˚˛ ˝√◊Ó¬1 õ∂±Ìœ Ô±Àfl¡º ¬Û±1± ˚ø√ ’˘¬Û ŒÓ¬±˜±À˘±fl¡1
¸˜˚˛ Ò±1Õ˘ ø√˚˛± › ’±˝√◊Ó¬±, ’˘¬Û ˙œÓ¬˘ ¬ıÓ¬±˝√, ’˘¬Û ˝√ͬ±» ’Ú˘1 ˜”1ÀȬ± ‚”À1±ª± Œ˚Ú ˘±ø·˘º øˆ¬Ó¬11 ¬Û1±
˜±Ú≈˝√ Œ˝√±ª±1 Œfl¡Ã˙˘//... ¬Û±ø1¬ı±ÀÚ∑∑.... Œ˚Ú ŒÓ¬Ê√ ˜„√˝√1 ˘Î¬± øfl¡Â≈√˜±Ú ˝√˘˝√˘±˝√◊ ¬ıø˜ fl¡ø1 Î◊¬ø˘˚˛±˝√◊
ø√¬ı Œ˚Úº ˘±À˝√ ˘±À˝√ Ó¬±1 ˆ¬ø1≈√‡Ú ¸—fl≈¡ø‰¬Ó¬ Δ˝√ ’±ø˝√˘,
¬ıU¸˜˚˛ ŒÓ¬ÀÚ√À1 ø‰¬¤ûø1 ø‰¬¤ûø1 ¤È¬± ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ˆ¬±·1Ó¬ ’±·Ù¬±˘1 ’—˙ÀȬ± ’±·Õ˘ ˝√±Î◊¬ø˘ ¬Ûø1 ˆ¬ø1≈√‡Ú1 Δ¸ÀÓ¬
Œ˘À¬ıÊ√±Ú ’Ú˘ ¤‡Ú Œ¬ıÀ˘· ≈√Úœ˚˛±1 ¬Û1± Î◊¬ˆ¬øÓ¬ ’±À˝√... ¸˜±ôL1±˘ Δ˝√ ˝√±Ó¬1 Ó¬˘≈ª±˝√◊ ˜±øȬ ‰≈¬À˘Õ·º ˜‘Ó¬ ø˙qÀȬ±1
·±À˘ ˜≈À‡ ø¬ıμ≈ ø¬ıμ≈ ‚±˜1 ŒÈ¬±¬Û±˘º ¬ı≈fl¡≈Ó¬ ø˜ø˝√ ø˜ø˝√ ø¬ı¯∏ fl¡±¯∏Ó¬ ¤øÓ¬˚˛± ˜±ÀÔ± ø¸º ŒÓ¬Ê√ ø¬ıø1ø„√ Ôfl¡± ‚“±À¬ı±1 √œ‚˘
¤øȬÀ˚˛ Î◊¬fl¡ ø√˚˛± ’±1y fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ¤˝√◊ ˜≈UÓ¬«Ó¬ Ó¬±fl¡ ’˘¬Û øÊ√ˆ¬±‡ÀÚÀ1 Œ‰¬À˘øfl¡ Œ‰¬À˘øfl¡ ‰¬±Ù¬± fl¡ø1 ’±ÀÂ√, ›‰¬À1-¬Û±Ê√À1
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‰≈¬øȬ ·ä

ø˙‡± ˙˜«±

Œfl¡øÓ¬˚˛±¬ı± Ê√œªÚÓ¬ Œfl¡±ÀÚ±¬ı± ¤È¬± ø√Ú ≈√√«±ôL ˆ¬±Àª Œ¬Û±ª± ŒÚ±À¬Û±ª±1 Œ˘‡-ŒÊ√±‡, ˝√±˝√◊ Œõ∂‰¬±1, ’±Í≈¬1 ø¬ı¯∏1,
¸√˚˛ Δ˝√ ¬ÛÀ1º øÂ√˘—Õ˘ Ù≈¬ø1Õ˘ Δ· fl¡±fl¡Ó¬ø˘˚˛ ˆ¬±À¬ı ‰≈¬·±1, Ô±˚˛1ά, ’±ø√1 fi¯∏Ò Œfl¡±ÀÚ øfl¡˜±Ú ‡±›, ˝√Ó¬±˙±,
fl¡À˘Ê√œ˚˛± ¬ı±gªœ ˝√◊øμ1±fl¡ ˘· Œ¬Û±ª±Ó¬ Ó¬±˝√◊1 ’Ú≈À1±ÒÓ¬ øÚ1±˙±, ’±ø√ fl¡Ô±À1 ˜Ú Î◊¬»Ù≈¬ø~Ó¬º Δ¬ı¬ı±ø˝√fl¡ Ê√œªÚ ˜±ÀÚ
ø√Ú1 ¸±Ê√ ‡±ªÕ˘ ¬ı≈ø˘ Δ· ≈√À˚˛±Ê√ÚœÀ˚˛ ¬ıU ˜Ú1 fl¡Ô± ˜±Ú¸œfl¡ ¸—‚±Ó¬À1 ˆ¬1¬Û≈1 ¬ı≈ø˘ ≈√À˚˛±Ê√ÚœÀ˚˛ ¶§œfl¡±ø1À˘±º
¬Û±øÓ¬À˘±º ˘í1±-ŒÂ√±ª±˘œ, ¶§±˜œ1 ¸—·, ø¬ıª±ø˝√Ó¬ Ê√œªÚ1 ˝√◊μ1±˝√◊ ¸≈øÒÀ˘ñ ë¤È¬± fl¡Ô± fl¡À‰¬±Ú Ó¬˝√◊ ’˜‘Ó¬±í ’±ø˜

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¬ı±1n∏ ¤øÓ¬˚˛± ¬ı≈Ϭˇœ ˝í√À˘± ŒÚøfl¡∑∑ Ú±˜ ‚1Õ˘ Œ˚±ª± ’±1n∏ ’±ø˜º ë˝√˚˛ ’˜‘Ó¬± Ó¬˝√◊ øÔfl¡ fl¡Ô±˝√◊ Δfl¡Â√º ˜ÌœÀfl¡±Í¬Ó¬ ˘≈fl¡±˝√◊
‚1 1+¬Ûœ ø¬Û?1±Ó¬ ¬ıg 1‡±1 ¬ı±Ò…¬ı±Òfl¡Ó¬±∑∑∑ ¤˝√◊ÀȬ± ¸‰¬“±, Ôfl¡± 1—-ø¬ı1„√œ fl¡Ô±À¬ı±1, fl¡±À1±¬ı±1 ˘·Ó¬ ˆ¬·±¬ı1 ˜Ú Ú±˚±˚˛
¤øÓ¬˚˛± Ê√œªÚ1 Œ˘‡±-ÀÊ√±‡±1 ¬ıø˝√‡Ú ¸±˜ø1ª1 ˝√í˘º õ∂±ø5- ¬ı≈ø˘ Œfl¡±ª± ·1±fl¡œÀ˚˛ ø˜Â√± ˜±ÀÓ¬ ¬ı≈ø˘ ˜˝√◊ ˆ¬±Àª±º
’õ∂±ø51 fl¡Ô± ˆ¬±øª ˘±ˆ¬ Ú±˝√◊º ŒÓ¬±1 ¬ı±1n∏ fl¡È¬Ú fl¡À˘Ê√Ó¬ ˜ÌœÀfl¡±Í¬Ó¬ ¸“±ø‰¬ 1‡± ¶ú‘øÓ¬À¬ı±1 Œ¸“±ª1œ ’Úμ fl¡1±1 ¸˜˚˛
¬ÛøϬˇ Ôfl¡± ø√ÚÀ¬ı±11 fl¡Ô± ˜ÚÓ¬ ¬ÛÀ1ÀÚ Œfl¡øÓ¬˚˛±¬ı±∑ ’±˜±1 ¤øÓ¬˚˛±º ˝√◊øμ1± ’±1n∏ ˜˝√◊ fl¡Ó¬ Œ˚ Œ˝√1±˝√◊ ·íÀ˘±º ˝√◊øμ1±1
Œ1À©Ü±À1ôL ’±øÂ√˘ ¬Û±Ú¬ıÊ√±1Ó¬ Ôfl¡± ë˜Ò≈ø˜Ó¬±í ’±1n∏ ëfl¡˘…±Úœíº ¬ıÚ fl¡1± ŒÂ√±ª±˘œ Ê√ÚœÀ˚˛ ëfl¡øÙ¬ ‡±›fl¡ ¬ı±˝√◊À√›í ¬ı≈ø˘
flv¡±‰¬ Œ¬ıËfl¡ ˝√í√À˘˝√◊ Œ1À©Ü±À1ôLÓ¬ ¬ıø˝√ ’±D± ˜±À1±º fl¡íÓ¬ Œ˚ Œfl¡±ª±Ó¬ ≈√À˚˛±Ê√Úœ Î◊¬‰¬¬Û ‡±˝√◊ Î◊¬øͬÀ˘“±º
fl¡Ô± ’±˜±1 ’±D±1 ŒÈ¬¬ı≈˘Ó¬º Œfl¡øÓ¬˚˛±¬ı± ¸—©‘®øÓ¬1 fl¡Ô±,
Œfl¡øÓ¬˚˛±¬ı± 1±Ê√ÚœøÓ¬1 ’±À˘±‰¬Ú± ˝√˚˛º Œ¸˝√◊ ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ fl¡ø˘fl¡Ó¬±Ó¬ ¤·1±fl¡œ ¬ı±gªœÀ˚˛ Δfl¡øÂ√˘ ˆ¬·ª±Ú1 Ú±˜ Œ˘±ª±1
Œ˘øÚÚ, ˜±'ø‰¬øÊ√˜1 ŒÏ¬Ãº ’±ø˜ ¸À¬Û±Ú Œ√ø‡øÂ√À˘± ’¸˜ ¬ı˚˛¸º Œ˜±1 ÿM√1 ˆ¬·ª±Ú1 Ú±˜ Œ˘±ª±1 ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏ ¬ı˚˛¸
‡Úfl¡ ¬Û≈øÊ√ª±ø√1 ¬Û1± 1鬱 fl¡ø1˜º Œ‡øÓ¬ fl¡±1‡±Ú± ¸fl¡À˘± Ú±Ô±Àfl¡º ˜˝√◊ ¸1n∏fl¡±˘À1 ¬Û1± ˆ¬·ª±Ú, ˜“± ”√·«± Œ√ªœ1 ˆ¬Mêº
Œ¸ª±1 ¶§±ø˜Q |ø˜fl¡1 ˝√±Ó¬Ó¬ Ô±øfl¡¬ıº ˜±ÀÚ ¸±˜…ª±√º ˆ¬øMê ’ôL1Ó¬ Ô±Àfl¡º Œ¸˝√◊ ·1±fl¡œÕ˘ Œ˜±1 õ∂ùü ë¬ı≈Ϭˇ± fl¡±˘Ó¬
øÚªÚ≈ª± ¸˜¸…±, Ô˘≈ª± Œ˘±fl¡1 øÚ˚≈øMê, ¬ı±Ú¬Û±Úœ1 ¬ı±À¬ı Œ˝√ ˚ø√ ˆ¬øMê∑∑ Œ˚ÃªÚ fl¡±˘Ó¬ ŒÓ¬›“ ¬ı…øˆ¬‰¬±1 fl¡ø1
Ú√œ¬ı±g, ’±1n∏ fl¡Ó¬ Œ˚ øfl¡ ¸À¬Û±Úº ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬1 fl¡Ô± ›˘±À˘˝√◊ fl¡È¬±˝√◊øÂ√˘ ŒÚøfl¡∑∑í
1ø¬ıfÚ±Ô Í¬±fl¡≈1À√ª1 뷜Ӭ±?˘œí ŒÊ√…±øÓ¬õ∂¸±√À√ª,
ø¬ı¯∏≈û1±ˆ¬±À√ª, ˆ≈¬À¬ÛÚ√± ’±È¬±˝√◊Àfl¡˝√◊Ê√Ú ˜˝√±&1n∏1 ˜±Ê√Ó¬ – ˝√◊øμ1± ¬ı≈øÊ√Â√, ˜±ÀÊ√ ˜±ÀÊ√ ¸1n∏ ¸1n∏ ˜Ú1 ˆ¬±ªÀ¬ı±1
Ôfl¡± ’æ”√Ó¬ ø˜˘ Œ√ø‡ ’±‰¬ø1Ó¬ Δ˝√øÂ√À˘±º õ∂øÓ¬Ê√Ú &1n∏ õ∂fl¡±˙ fl¡ø1 ø˘À‡± ŒÙ¬‰¬¬ı≈fl¡Ó¬º ˜˝√◊ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± Œ˘ø‡fl¡± Ú˝√˚˛
õ∂±˚˛ ¤Àfl¡ &Ú1 ’øÒfl¡±1œº fl¡øª, ¸±ø˝√øÓ¬fl¡, √±˙«Úœfl¡, ’ºº Œ˜±1 ø˘‡±À¬ı±1 Ú±ø1 ¸fl¡À˘ õ∂fl¡±˙ fl¡ø1ª ŒÚ±ª±1±
ڱȬfl¡±1, ·œøÓ¬fl¡±1, ø‰¬Sfl¡±1, ‰¬˘ø‰¬S ¬Ûø1‰¬±˘fl¡, fl¡±˘‰¬±À1˘- ˜Ú·˝√Ú1 øfl¡Â≈√ ≈√¬ı«˘ ˜≈˝√”M√1 õ∂fl¡±˙ ˜±Sº ¤Ê√Ú ¸≈˝√+√˚˛ ¬ıi§≈+
’±˝√◊fl¡Úº Ó¬±1 ¬Û±Â√Ó¬ ’±˜±1 ’±À˘±‰¬Ú± ø‰¬ÀÚ˜±, ·±Ú, ’±1n∏ ¤·1±fl¡œ ¬ı±gªœ1 ¸fl¡À˘±À1 õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Ú ˜Ú1 fl¡Ô± õ∂fl¡±˙
’ôL±é¬ø1, ’ø˜Ó¬±ˆ¬, Œ1‡±, Œ˝√˜±˜±ø˘Úœ, ø¬ıÊ√≈-Ù≈¬fl¡Ú, ¬ıËÀÊ√Ú√± fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘º Œ˜±À1± ˜Ú Î◊¬ø1¬ı ø¬ıÂ√±À1 Úœ˘ ’fl¡±˙Ó¬, ≈√1 ’±1n∏
’¸˜ ’±1n∏ ’¸˜œ˚˛±º ’±˜±1 ’±È¬±˝√◊À1 ø¬ı˚˛± Δ˝√ ·í˘º ≈√1-≈√1ÌœÕ˘º fl¡À˘Ê√1 ’±Ò1n∏ª± fl¡±˜À¬ı±1 Œ˙¯∏ fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘,
¸À¬Û±ÚÀ¬ı±1 ’±Ò1n∏ª± Δ˝√ 1˘º ¸À¬Û±Ú ¬Û”1Ì fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ’±˜±1 ’±˙±À¬ı±1 ¬Û≈1Ì fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘º
˝√±Ó¬Ó¬ ¤øÓ¬˚˛±› ¬ıUÓ¬ ¸˜˚˛ ’±1n∏ ˝√◊26± ’±ÀÂ√º Œfl¡±ÀÚ fl¡íÀ˘
’±ø˜ ¬ı≈Ϭˇœ ˝√í√À˘±∑∑ ˝√◊øμ1± ’±1n∏ ˜˝√◊ ≈√À˚˛±À˚˛ ¤Àfl¡ ˘À· Δfl¡ Î◊¬øͬÀ˘±
ë뤽√◊À¬ı±1 fl¡Ô± ¸fl¡À˘± Ú±1œ1 ˜Ú1 fl¡Ô± Ú˝√˚˛ ŒÚ ¬ı±1n∏∑
¸˜±Ê√ Œ¸ª±1 ˘À· ˘À· øÚÊ1√ Ê√œªÚ1 ŒÎ¬Î◊¬fl¡± ¬ı‘X ’¬ı¶ö± Œ¬Û±ª±1 ¬Û±Â√ÀÓ¬± ¸˜±Ê√1 ¬ı±À¬ı, fl¡ø1¬ı ˘·±
≈√‡øÚ› Œ‰¬±Ú Î◊¬ø1ª ø¬ıÂ√±À1/ Ê√œªÚ1 fl¡Ó¬«¬ı…, √±ø˚˛Q ¸fl¡À˘± ’±Ò1n∏ª± fl¡±˜ ’±1n∏ ˜Ú1 ˜±Ê√Ó¬ &Ê√ø1 &˜ø1 Ôfl¡±
Œ˙¯∏º ˘í1±-ŒÂ√±ª±˘œ establishedº ˆ¬±ø¬ıªÕ˘, ø‰¬ôL± fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ˆ¬±˘À¬Û±ª±À¬ı±11 fl¡Ô± fl¡í¬ıÕ˘ ¤Ê√Ú ¬ı± ¤·1±fl¡œ ˜1˜œ˚˛±˘
¤Àfl¡± Ú±˝√◊º ¤˝√◊ ¬ı˚˛¸Ó¬ ˜ÀÚ Œ‰¬±Ú Î◊¬1± ˜±ø1ª ø¬ı‰¬±ø1ÀÂ√ ˜Ú1 ˜±Ú≈˝√1 õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Ú Ôfl¡±ÀȬ± Œfl¡±ÀÚ±¬ı±˝√◊ Ú≈˝√◊ fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û±À1
Úœ˘ ’±fl¡±˙Õ˘º Ê√œªÚ Ú√œ Î◊¬ˆ¬øÓ¬ Δ¬ıÀÂ√ Œ˚Ú ˘±À·º ˜ÀÚ Ê√±ÀÚ±∑ ’±ø˜ ’±À˘±‰¬Ú± fl¡1± fl¡Ô±À¬ı±1 ¸“‰¬±Õfl¡ Ú±ø1À˚˛
¤øÓ¬˚˛± ¤1±˘ øÂ√·± ·±˚˛ Ê√Úœ1 √À1, Œ√Ãø1¬ı ø¬ıÂ√±À1º ΔÚ1 õ∂fl¡±˙ fl¡ø1ª ŒÚ±ª±1± ˜Ú·˝√Ú1 øfl¡Â≈√ ≈√¬ı«˘ ˜≈˝√”Ó¬«1 õ∂fl¡±˙
¬Û±11 fl¡U“ª± ¬ıÚ1 √À1 ˝√“±ø˘-Ê√±ø˘ ’˙±ôL ˜Úfl¡ ˙±ôL fl¡1±1 ŒÚøfl¡∑ Ó¬±˝√◊ ˝√“±ø˝√À˘ñ ’˜‘Ó¬± ëŒÓ¬±1 ˆ¬˚˛-øˆ¬Ó¬ Ú±˝√◊º ¸“‰¬±
õ∂À‰¬©Ü±Ó¬ ¬ı…ô¶ õ∂øÓ¬ ·1±fl¡œ Ú±1œº Œ·±ÀȬ˝√◊ÀȬ± Ê√œªÚ ¶§±˜œ fl¡Ô± fl¡í¬ıÕ˘ Ó¬˝√◊ ¶≥®˘1 ø√ÚÀÓ¬± ˆ¬˚˛ Úfl¡ø1øÂ√ø˘º ¸˘øÚ Œ˝√±ª±
¬Ûø1ª±1, ˘í1±-ŒÂ√±ª±˘œ1 ˜±˘± ·±Í¬œ-·±Í¬œ Ê√œªÚ1 ø¬ı˚˛ø˘ Ú±˝√◊ Ó¬˝√◊ ’˘À¬Û±íº ≈√À˚˛±Ê√ÚœÀ˚˛ ˜Ú ‡≈ø˘ ˝√“±ø˝√À˘“±º
Œ¬ı˘±Ó¬ ¤˝√◊fl¡ÀÚ˝√◊ øÚÊ√1 fl¡Ô± ˆ¬±ø¬ıªÕ˘ ’±˝√ø1 ¸˜˚˛ ¬Û±˝√◊ÀÂ√±
Ê√œªÚ1 ø¬ı˚˛ø˘ Œ¬ı˘±º [ˆ¬±·-2]
≈√¬Ûø1˚˛± ˆ¬±Ó¬ Œfl¡˝√◊Ȭ± ‡±˚˛ ’±·Ù¬±˘1 ¬ı±1±μ±‡ÚÀÓ¬

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≈√À˚˛±Ê√Úœ Δ· ¬ıø˝√À˘“±º ¸ij≈‡1 ¸1n∏ ¬ı±ø·‰¬±‡ÚÓ¬ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß 1„√1 ≈√À˚˛± Ú±˜œ ά±Mê1º ø¸˝√“Ó¬1 ˜≈Àͬ˝√◊ ¸˜˚˛ Ú±˝√◊ ‚1 ¸—¸±1
Ù≈¬˘º Œfl¡˝√◊Ȭ±˜±Ú ø‰¬ø1 Ú±±ø˜ Δ· õ∂Ò±Ú 1±ô¶±ÀȬ±º ≈√1 ≈√1øÚÕ˘ ¸y±ø˘¬ıÕ˘º ¸1n∏ ˘1±ÀȬ± Œ¬ı—fl¡1 ’øÙ¬‰¬±1º ά±„√1ÀȬ±Àª flv¡±‰¬
¬Û±˝√◊Ú ·Â√À1 ’±ªø1 1‡± ¬Û±˝√±1 ’±1n∏ ¬Û±˝√±1º øfl¡À˚ Ú±μøÚfl¡ Œ‰¬Àˆ¬Ú1 ¬Û1±˝√◊ E±·‰¬ ‡±ªÕ˘ ˘íÀ˘º øfl¡ÀÚ± ≈√ø¯∏ø¬ı∑ ˘í1±
‘√˙…º ¬ı±e±À˘±11 ›‡ ›‡ ø¬ı˘øά— ‰¬±˝√◊ ‰¬±˝√◊ ˜ÚÀ¬ı±1 fl¡Àͬ±1 ≈√Ȭ± ¬ıÚfl¡1± ˜±Ú≈˝√1 ˝√±Ó¬ÀÓ¬˝√◊ ά±„√1 ˝√í√˘º 30 ¬ıÂ√1 Δ˝√
Δ˝√ ¬Ûø1ÀÂ√º øάÀ‰¬•§1 ˜±˝√º ø‰¬˘—Ó¬ Œ‰¬1œ¬ıvÊ√˜ ŒÙ¬ø©ÜÀˆ¬˘ ·˘º ˘í1± Ú≈qÒø1À˘º fl¡˘fl¡È¬±, ¬ı±e±À˘±1, ø√~œ1 ø1-
‰¬ø˘ ’±ÀÂ√º Œ·±ÀȬ˝√◊ ‰¬˝√1‡Úfl¡ Œ·±˘±¬Ûœ 1„√1 Ù≈¬˘À1 ’±ªø1 Œ˝√ø¬ıÀ˘‰¬Ú Œ‰¬∞I◊±1Ó¬ 1±ø‡› Ó¬±fl¡ ¸» ¬ÛÔÕ˘ ‚≈1±˝√◊ ’±øÚª
1±ø‡ÀÂ√º ˝√◊øμ1± ŒÓ¬±1 ˘í1±-ŒÂ√±ª±˘œ1 Ê√œªÚ Œfl¡ÀÚ ‰¬ø˘Â√∑ ŒÚ±ª±ø1À˘º ¬ı…ô¶Ó¬±1 ˜±Ê√ÀÓ¬± ’˘¬Û ¸˜˚˛ ¸ôL±Úfl¡ ø√¬ı
˘í1±-Œ¬ı±ª±1œ &ª±˝√±È¬œÓ¬º ’¬Û≈, ¤ ø‰¬ ¤Â√ ø¬ı¯∏˚˛±º Œ¬ı±ª±1œ ˘±À·º ˜±fl¡-Œ√Î◊¬Ó¬±fl¡1 ¬ı…ô¶ Ê√œªÚ1 ¬ı±À¬ı ÚÓ≈¬Ú õ∂Ê√ij1
Œ‰¬À∞C˘ ¶≥®˘1 øȬ‰¬±1º ŒÂ√±ª±˘œ &ª±˝√±È¬œ1 ’±·˙±1œ1 ¬ıU ˘í1±-ŒÂ√±ª±˘œ ø¬ı¬ÛÀÔ ¬Ûø1‰¬±ø˘Ó¬ Œ˝√±ª± Œ√‡± Δ·ÀÂ√º
fl¡À˘Ê√ ¤‡Ú1 õ∂ÀÙ¬‰¬1º øfl¡ôL Ó¬±˝√◊ ø¬ı˚˛±1 Ú±À˜˝√◊ Ú≈qÀÚº Ó¬±˝√◊1 ˘í1±ÀȬ±fl¡ ÷ù´À1 ¸≈˜øÓ¬ ø√À˚˛ Œ˚Ú ¬ı≈ø˘ ’±ø˜ ≈√À˚˛±
Ó¬˝√◊ fl¡±Î◊¬ÚÀÂ√ø˘— fl¡1 Ú˝√˚˛ øfl¡¬ı±Õfl¡ ø¬ı˚˛±Õ˘ Ó¬±˝√◊fl¡ ¸ijÓ¬ ¤Àfl¡ ˘À· U˜≈øÚ˚˛±˝√ fl¡±øϬˇÀ˘“±º ˝√◊øμ1±, Ó¬˝√“Ó¬À¬ı±1 ’¸˜ÀÓ¬
fl¡1±ÀÂ√±Úº ˜˝√◊ Ú•§1ÀȬ± Œ¸ˆ¬ fl¡ø1 Δ˘ÀÂ√±º ø‰¬ôL± Úfl¡ø1ø¬ı Ô±fl¡ ¬ı≈ø˘ ’±È¬±˝√◊Àfl¡˝√◊Ê√Úœ ¬ı±gªœÀ˚˛ ¸•Ûfl¡« ¤È¬± 1±ø‡Â√º
’øÓ¬ Œ¸±Úfl¡±À˘ Ó¬±˝√◊ ø¬ı˚˛±Ó¬ ¬ıø˝√¬ıÕ˘ ¸ijøÓ¬ ø√¬ıº ’±26± ˜˝√◊ Œ˝√ ’Ó¬ ¬ıÂ√1 ’fl¡˘˙1œ˚˛± Δ˝√ Ô±øfl¡À˘“±º ø¬ı˚˛± Δ˝√À˚˛˝√◊
˜øÚfl¡±1 ‡¬ı1 øfl¡ Ê√±ÚÀÚ∑ Ó¬±˝√◊ ¬ı1 ¸≈‡œº ˘í1±-ŒÂ√±ª±˘œ ø˚ ’¸˜ ¤ø1À˘“± ¬ı±ø˝√1ÀÓ¬˝√◊ Ô±øfl¡ ·íÀ˘“±º Ê√œªÚ ˆ¬±À˘˝√◊
≈√Ȭ±˝√◊ ˆ¬±˘ ‰¬±fl¡ø1 fl¡À1º ˝√◊Î◊¬ ¤‰¬ ¤ Ó¬ Œ¸ÀȬ㺠øfl¡c ‰¬ø˘˘º ‰¬±fl¡ø11 ¬ı…ô¶Ó¬±1 ˜±Ê√ÀȬ± ˘í1±-ŒÂ√±ª±˘œfl¡ ¬ÛϬˇ±-qÚ±
Úø˜Ó¬±1 fl¡Ô± ˆ¬±ø¬ıÀ˘À˝√ ˜ÚÀȬ± ≈√‡ ˘±À·º øfl¡˚˛, øfl¡ ˝í√˘ÀÚ± fl¡1±˝√◊ ‡”øȬ ‡±ª ¬Û1± fl¡ø1À˘“±º ˘í1± ˝√◊Úø?øÚ˚˛±1, Œ¬ı±ª±1œ
Ó¬±˝√◊1∑ Ó¬±˝√◊1 fl¡˘…±Ú1 ˘·Ó¬ ˘íˆ¬ Œ˜À1˝√◊Ê√ Œ˝√±ª± Ú±øÂ√˘ ø¬ıÀ√˙œ Œ¬ı—fl¡1 ’øÙ¬‰¬±1º Ê√œ-ŒÊ“√±ª±˝√◊ ≈√À˚˛± ˝√◊Úø?øÚ˚˛±1,
Ê√±ÀÚ±∑ Δ˝√øÂ√˘º ¬ı±˝√◊Â√ ¬ıÂ√11 ø¬ÛÂ√ÀȬ± Ó¬±˝√“Ó¬1 ¸ôL±Ú Ú˝√í√˘º ø¸˝√“Ó¬ ˘GÚÓ¬ Ô±Àfl¡º ¤› Ò≈fl¡±ª1 ≈√˝√◊ ¬ıÂ√1 ˝√í√˘º Œ˜±1
’±1n∏ ˝√◊ fl¡˘…±ÀÚ ¸ôL±Ú1 ’±˙±Ó¬ Úø˜Ó¬±fl¡ øάˆ¬«‰¬ ø√ ø¡ZÓ¬œ˚˛ ¤øÓ¬˚˛± ¸˜˚˛1 ’ˆ¬±ª Ú±˝√◊º qÚÀ‰¬±Ú ’˝√±¬ıÂ√1 Œ·È¬-È≈¬-
ø¬ı¬ı±˝√ fl¡1±À˘º Ó¬±˝√◊ ˝√±˝√◊fl¡È¬«1 Î◊¬øfl¡˘ Δ˝√› ¤Àfl¡± ¤fl¡‰¬Ú Œ·Î¬±1Õ˘ ’±ø˝√ø¬ıº ¬Û≈1̱ ¬ıi§≈+ ¬ı±gªœ ’Ȭ±˝√◊Àfl¡ ˘· ¬Û±ø¬ıº
Ú˘íÀ˘ øfl¡˚˛∑ qøÒøÂ√À˘“± Ó¬±˝√◊fl¡ ë٬Ȭ± ¬ı“±˝√ Œ˚±1± ˘·±˝√◊ ˘±ˆ¬ ’±ø˝√˜ ’±ø˝√˜ øÚ(˚˛º ≈√À˚˛±Ê√ÚœÀ˚˛ ¶§œfl¡±1 fl¡ø1À˘“± ’±ø˜À¬ı±1
Ú±˝√◊ ¬ı≈ø˘ Î◊¬M√1 ø√À˘ Ó¬±˝√◊º Î◊¬˜– ≈√‡ ˘±ø·˘ qøÚº Sê˜˙– ¤øÓ¬˚˛± Ê√œªÚ1 ø¬ı˚˛ø˘ Œ¬ı˘±Ó¬ øÔ˚˛ ø√À˘±ø˝√º Œfl¡±ÀÚ±¬ı±
’±À·, Œfl¡±ÀÚ±¬ı± ø¬ÛÀÂ√º øfl¡c ¸—¸±11 ˜±˚˛±-Œ˜“±˝√ ¤ø1
fl¡1ªœ fl¡Ó¬∑ ø¸˝√“Ó¬˝√±˘1 Ê√œÀμø· ¬ıøϬˇ˚˛± ‰¬ø˘ÀÂ√ ’º Œ˚±ª±1 ¸˚˚˛ ‰¬˜≈‰¬±ø¬Û ’±ø˝√˘ Œ¸˝√◊ÀȬ± ‡±Ó¬±—º ¸øg˚˛± Ú±ø˜
ά±Mê1 ¶§±˜œ1 ø¬ÛÀÂ√ ø¬ÛÀÂ√ ’±øÊ√ Î≈¬ª±˝√◊, fl¡±ø˘ ˘GÚº ’±øÊ√ ’±ø˝√˘º ˆ¬øÓ¬Ê√± ˘í1±ÀȬ±1 ·±Î¬ˇœ1 ˝√Ì« fl¡±ÚÓ¬ ˘±ø·˘º ˝√◊øμ1±
fl¡±ø˘ fi¯∏Ò fl¡•Û±Úœ ø¬ı˘±Àfl¡ ά±Mê1 ¸fl¡˘fl¡ ø¬ıÀ√˙Õ˘ ŒÓ¬±fl¡ ¤ø1¬ı1 ˝√í√˘º Ó¬±˝√◊ ø‰¬ø1Àfl¡˝√◊Ȭ± Ú±ø˜ ’±ø˝√ Œ˜±fl¡ ø¬ı√±˚˛
¬ı1Õfl¡ w˜Ú ’±1n∏ fl¡ÚÙ¬±À1kÓ¬ Œ˚±· ø√¬ıÕ˘ ¸≈ø¬ıÒ± ø√À˚˛º ø√À˘ø˝√º ·±Î¬ˇœ‡Ú1 ≈√ª±1 ‡≈ø˘ Ó¬±˝√◊1 ‰¬fl≈¡Õ˘ ‰¬±À˘±º ≈√À˚˛±
fl¡•Û±Úœ1 Ȭ±À·«È¬ ¬Û≈1± fl¡ø1À˘˝√◊ ά±Mê1 ¸fl¡˘fl¡ ø¬ıÀ√˙ Ê√ÚœÀ1 ‰¬fl≈¡ Œfl¡˝√◊Ȭ± Œ¸“À˜øfl¡ Î◊¬øͬ˘º ’±˝√±¬ıÂ√1 Œ·È¬-È≈¬-
w˜Ú1 ø¬∏C¬Û ø√À˚˛º ’˜‘Ó¬±, ˜Ò≈˜œÓ¬±fl¡ ˜ÚÓ¬ ’±ÀÂ√ ŒÚ ŒÓ¬±1∑ Œ·Î¬±1Ó¬ ˘· Œ¬Û±ª±1 õ∂øÓ¬|n∏øÓ¬À1 ˜˝√◊ ’±·¬ı±øϬˇÀ˘±º
øfl¡˚˛ Ú±Ô±øfl¡¬ı∑ ¬Û?±1 Œ¬Û±fl¡ ’±øÂ√˘º Ó¬±˝√◊1 Ê√œªÚ ¬ı1 ˆ¬±˘ Œ˝√±ÀȬ˘ ’øˆ¬˜≈À‡º
Œ˚±ª± Ú±˝√◊º øfl¡ ˝√í√˘ÀÚ± Ó¬±˝√◊1∑ Úfl¡ø¬ı ’±1n∏ñ ¬ÛÓ¬œ-¬ÛPœ

Address : Bangalore
E-Mail: [email protected]

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›À1 øÚ˙± ’ø¬ı|±ôLˆ¬±À¬ı ‰¬ø˘ Ôfl¡± ¬ı1¯∏≈ÌÊ√±Àfl¡ Ò≈˝√◊ ŒÔ±ª± ’—fl¡1 Œ˜±È¬± Œ˜±È¬± øfl¡Ó¬±¬Û1 √í˜ÀȬ±fl¡º ≈√˝√◊ ¤È¬±
øÚÀ˚˛ ¸1n∏ ‰¬˝√1‡Úfl¡º ø¬ÛÂ√ø√Ú± ˜≈¯∏˘Ò±1 ¬ı1¯∏≈Ì Ú±øÂ√˘ ˚ø√›, ¸1±¬Û±ÀÓ¬ ’±ø˝√ øÔÓ¬±ø¬Û ˘˚˛ø˝√ Œ˜Ê√1 ¤‰≈¬fl¡Ó¬º Ó¬±1 ˘·ÀÓ¬
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Œ˜ø˘ fl¡ø1 Œ¬Û˘±˚˛ Œ˜Ê√1 ¬ıdÀ¬ı±1º Ô±Ú-¬ı±Ú Δ˝√ ¬Ûø1 1˚˛ Œ1±ª± Ó¬±˝√◊1 fl¡í˘± ά±À˚˛1œ1 Œ‡±˘± ¬Û‘ᬱÀ¬ı±1 ÷¯∏» Œ¸À˜øfl¡
Î◊¬8˘ Œ¬ı„≈√Úœ˚˛± Œ¬ÛÚ-À©ÜGÀȬ±1 øˆ¬iß1„√œ fl¡˘˜À¬ı±1º ŒÚȬ1 ˚±˚˛º Úœ˘± ø‰¬˚˛±“˝√œÀ¬ı±À1 ͬ±À˚˛ ͬ±À˚˛ ø¬ı26≈ø1Ó¬ Δ˝√ ¤Àfl¡± ¤Àfl¡±È¬±
¬ı·± ˝√±Ù¬ ¬Û√«±‡ÀÚ Î◊¬ø1 ’±ø˝√ ‰≈¬˝√◊ ˚±˚˛ø˝√ Ó¬±˝√◊1 ¸˚Ó¬ÀÚ Ê√±ø¬Û √±·1 ¸‘ø©Ü fl¡À1º ¤˝√◊ √±·À¬ı±À1± |±ªôLœfl¡±1 ˝√+√˚˛Ó¬ Δ1 Œ˚±ª±

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øfl¡Â≈√ √±·1 √À1º ¸±˜ø1¬ı ŒÚ±ª1±, ˜ø‰¬ Œ¬Û˘±¬ı ŒÚ±ª1±, ’Ô‰¬ ¤Àfl¡±‡Ú ¸1n∏ ¸1n∏ Ê√±¬Û ø√ ¬Ûø1¬Û±øȬÕfl¡ ø¬ÛøgøÂ√˘, ›“ͬӬ
¬Û±1 fl¡ø1 ’˝√± ¬ıUÀÓ¬± ¶ú‘øÓ¬1 Œ√±˘øÚ ø√ Œ˚±ª± √±·º ¸±˜±Ú… ¢≠Â√, ‰¬fl¡≈˚≈ø1Ó¬ ¬Û±Ó¬˘œ˚˛±Õfl¡ ¬ı≈˘±˝√◊øÂ√˘ fl¡±Ê√˘º ‰≈¬ø˘
¤Î¬±À˘± ˝√◊Ù¬±˘ ø¸Ù¬±˘ ŒÚ±À˝√±ª±Õfl¡ Ȭ¬Û-ÚȬ Œ‡±¬Û± ¤Àfl¡±È¬±
›À1ÀȬ± øÚ˙±, ¬ı1¯∏≈Ì1 ˙s1 Â√μÓ¬ Â√μ ø˜˘±˝√◊ Î◊¬‰≈¬ø¬ÛøÂ√˘ ¬ı±øg Â√±S-Â√±Sœfl¡ ’—fl¡˙±¶a ¬ÛϬˇ≈ª±˝√◊øÂ√˘ Ó¬±˝√◊º ¬Û±1 Δ˝√ Œ˚±ª±
|±ªôLœfl¡±˝√◊º ¬ÛøϬˇ Ôfl¡± øfl¡Ó¬±¬Û‡Ú ¬ı±À1 ¬ı±À1 ¬ı≈fl¡≈Ó¬ ΔÔ √œ‚«ù´±¸ ͬ±˝√◊È≈¬fl¡≈1±Ó¬ Ó¬±˝√◊ ¸‰¬1±‰¬1 ¤ø1 ’±ø˝√øÂ√˘ Œ¬ı¬ıœ ‰¬±À¬ı±Ú1 fl¡≈˜˘œ˚˛±
Œ¬Û˘±˝√◊øÂ√˘º 1±øÓ¬¬Û≈ª±Õ˘ Ó¬±˝√◊1 ‰¬fl¡≈1 ¬ÛÓ¬± ’±1n∏ ˝√+√˚˛, ≈√À˚˛±È¬±˝√◊ ¸≈¬ı±¸º Ó¬±˝√◊1 øÚÊ√1 ˆ¬±¯∏±À1 Î◊¬˙‘—‡˘Ó¬±fl¡ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± õ∂|˚˛ øÚø√˚˛±
ˆ¬±1±Sê±ôL Δ˝√øÂ√˘º ’±øÊ√ ø√ÚÀȬ± Ó¬±˝√◊ øÚ^±˝√œÚ 1±øÓ¬ÀȬ±1 Ó¬±˝√◊1 ¬ı…øMêQ1 √À1˝√◊ fl¡øϬˇ˚˛±˝√◊øÂ√˘ ¤È¬± ëÚ-ÚÚÀ‰¬k ˘≈fl¡íº
’ª¸±√ ’±1n∏ ¤ø1 ΔÔ ’˝√± ‰¬fl¡≈¬Û±Úœø‡øÚfl¡ øÚ‰≈¬fl¡±˝√◊ Ô±øfl¡˘º
Ó¬±˝√◊ Œ˚Ú Ô±øfl¡› ’±øÊ√ Ú±˝√◊øfl¡˚˛±, Œ˚Ú Î◊¬ø1 Ù≈¬1± Œ˜‚ ¤È≈¬fl¡≈1±Ó¬ Ê√œªÚÀȬ± |±ªôLœfl¡±˝√◊ ¤È¬± ø˝√‰¬±¬ÛÓ¬ ‡1‰¬ fl¡ø1 ‰¬ø˘øÂ√˘º
Ó¬±˝√◊1 ’˘¸ ˜ÚÀȬ± Œ˝√1±˝√◊ ˚±¬ıÕ˘ ¤ø1 ø√À˘º Œ¸˝√◊ ø√ÚÀ¬ı±1Ó¬ ’Ú±˝√fl¡Ó¬ Ó¬±˝√◊1 fl¡±¯∏ ‰¬±ø¬Û¬ıÕ˘ fl¡±À1± ¸±Ò…
ÚÕ˝√øÂ√˘º Â√±S-Â√±SœÀÓ¬± ”√1À1 fl¡Ô± Ó¬±˝√◊1 ¸˝√fl¡˜«œ ¬ı±
¤˝√◊ Œ˚ ¤‰¬±1fl¡øÌ ’±1n∏ ¬ıÓ¬±À˝√ Ó¬±˝√◊1 ‚1‡Ú1 øõ∂˚˛ ͬ±˝√◊ ’¢∂Ê√¸fl¡˘1 ¬ı±À¬ı› Ó¬±˝√◊ ’±øÂ√˘ ¤fl¡ ¸˜œ˝√ fl¡ø1 ‰¬ø˘¬ı˘·œ˚˛±
È≈¬fl¡≈1± Ô±Ú¬ı±Ú fl¡ø1 Œ¬Û˘±À˘, Œ‡±˘± ø‡øάˇfl¡œ1 ¸≈À˚±· Δ˘ ¬ı…øMêQº ø‰¬øÊ√˘, ˙‘—‡˘±¬ıX |±ªôLœfl¡±1 Ê√œªÚ, ¸•Û”Ì«1+À¬Û
’±ø˝√ Ó¬±˝√◊1 ¬Ûø1¬Û±øȬ Œ˜Ê√‡Ú1 ¬ıdÀ¬ı±1 Œ‰¬À√ø˘ Œˆ¬À√ø˘ øÚÊ√1 øÚ˚˛LaÌÓ¬º ¸fl¡À˘± ¬Û”¬ı«-¬Ûø1fl¡øäÓ¬, Ó¬±˝√◊ ˜±ÀÔ“± ˝√◊˚˛±1
fl¡ø1 Œ¬Û˘±À˘, fl¡íÓ¬±∑ ’fl¡À̱ÀÓ¬± ø¬ı‰¬ø˘Ó¬ Ú˝√í˘ Ó¬±˝√◊∑ ¤Àfl¡± ¤Àfl¡±È¬± Ϭ±¬Û S꘱·Ó¬ˆ¬±Àªˆ¬±À¬ı ’øÓ¬Sê˜ fl¡ø1 ˚±˚˛º
Œ˜Ê√‡Ú1 Ù¬±À˘ Î◊¬fl¡± ‘√ø©Ü ¤È¬± øÚÀé¬¬Û fl¡ø1 |±ªôLœfl¡± Δ1 Ó¬±˝√◊1 Ê√œªÚ1 ¤È¬± ø˝√‰¬±¬Û ’±ÀÂ√, ’—fl¡ ’±ÀÂ√º ˆ¬øª¯∏…Ó¬1
Ô±øfl¡˘, ’Ú±˜œ ¸≈1 ¤È¬± Ó¬±˝√◊1 ¬ı≈fl¡≈Ó¬ ¬ı±øÊ√ ’±ÀÂ√º ˙œÓ¬ ˙œÓ¬ ¬Ûø1fl¡äÚ± Ó¬±˝√◊1 ‰¬fl¡≈Ó¬ ¶Û©Ü, ¶§26º Î◊¬2‰√fl¡±—鬜 |±ªôLœfl¡±1
ˆ¬±¬ı ¤È¬± ¬ıÓ¬±˝√Ó¬ Î◊¬¬Ûø„√ Ù≈¬ø1ÀÂ√º Î◊¬ø1 ’±ø˝√ ˜øÊ√˚˛±Ó¬ ¬Ûø1 Ê√œªÚÓ¬ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ’ªø˙©Ü1 ’ªfl¡±˙ Ú±˝√◊º Î◊¬2‰√ø˙鬱, ά"√À1Ȭ
Œ1±ª± ά±À˚˛1œ1 ¬Û±Ó¬ ¤ø‡˘± ¬ı≈fl¡≈ÀÓ¬ ¸±ªøȬ Ó¬±˝√◊ ¤¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ¬Û√¬ıœ, ø¬ı¬ı±˝√, ¸ôL±Ú, ¸fl¡À˘± ¬ıd Ó¬±˝√◊1 Ê√œªÚ1 ¢∂±Ù¬Î¬±˘Ó¬
fl¡±¯∏1 ‰¬fl¡œ‡ÚÓ¬ ¬ıø˝√ ¬Ûø1˘º Œ˜Ê√1 ¬ıdÀ¬ı±1 ·1±fl¡œ1 ˝√±Ó¬1 øÚø√«©Ü ¶ö±Ú ’±1n∏ ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ Ò±˚«… fl¡ø1 ŒÔ±ª± ’±øÂ√˘º Œ¸˝√◊˜ÀÓ¬
¬Û1˙ ¬Û±˝√◊ øÚÊ√ ø¶öøÓ¬ ˘øˆ¬¬ıÕ˘ ’±˙± fl¡1± ˆ¬±À·˝√◊ ¬Ûø1 1í˘º Ó¬±˝√◊ ˘é¬…– ø¶ö1 fl¡ø1 ’±·¬ı±øϬˇøÂ√˘º Œ¬Û±Ú Œ1‡±Î¬±À˘À1º

’Ô‰¬ ¤˝√◊ |±ªôLœfl¡±˝√◊ fl¡≈Ȭ± ¤·ÀÂ√± ˝√◊Ù¬±˘ ø¸Ù¬±˘ ˝√í¬ıÕ˘ Œ¸˝√◊ øÚ‡≈“Ó¬ ¢∂±Ù¬Î¬±˘ ’±ø˝√ Î◊¬¬Û1 Ó¬˘ fl¡ø1 ø√øÂ√˘ Ú±ø√˜
øÚø√À˚˛º ˝√íÀ˘˝√◊ ’ø¶ö1 Δ˝√ ¬Û1± ¶§ˆ¬±ª Ó¬±˝√◊1º ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏Õfl¡ Ó¬±˝√◊1 Œ¬ı±˘± Œfl¡“Àfl¡±1± ‰≈¬ø˘1 ‰¬È¬Ù¬È¬œ˚˛± ˘í1±ÀȬ±Àªº Ó¬±˝√◊1 ø‰¬øÊ√˘
¬ÛϬˇ± Œ˜Ê√‡Ú1, Ó¬±˝√◊1 øÚÊ√± øfl¡Ó¬±¬Û1 ¸1n∏ ’±˘˜±1œÀȬ±1, Ê√œªÚÀȬ±1 ¬Ûø1fl¡äÚ±À¬ı±1 Ó¬‰¬-Ú‰¬ fl¡ø1 Œ¬Û˘±˝√◊øÂ√˘ ø¸º
fl¡±À¬Û±1 ŒÔ±ª± Œ˘±˝√±1 ’±˘˜±1œÀȬ±1 õ∂øÓ¬ÀȬ± ¬ıd Ó¬±˝√◊1 Ú‡ Ó¬±˝√◊Ó¬Õfl¡ Œfl¡˝√◊¬ı±¬ıÂ√À1± ¸1n∏ Ú±ø√˜ ’±øÂ√˘ |±ªôLœfl¡±1 ˆ¬±À˚˛fl¡1
√¬Û«ÌÓ¬º ’±øÊ√ Ó¬±˝√◊ Î◊¬√±¸œÚ Δ˝√ 1í˘ ¸fl¡À˘±À¬ı±11 õ∂øÓ¬º ¶≥®˘1 ¸˝√¬Û±Í¬œº Œ¸˝√◊ ¸”ÀS ¤˝√◊ ’ø‰¬Ú±øfl¡ ‰¬˝√1‡ÚÓ¬ ø¸ Δ˝√
˜±Ú¸¬ÛȬӬ Œfl¡ª˘ ˆ¬“±ø˝√ 1í˘ ¬ıUø√Ú1 ’±·1 ¤øȬ ¸øg˚˛±, Î◊¬øͬøÂ√˘ Ó¬±˝√◊1 õ∂Ô˜ ø‰¬Ú±øfl¡ ˜≈‡ ’±1n∏ ¤È¬± ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ¸≈˝√+√
¤Ê√±fl¡ ¬ı1¯∏≈Ì, ’±1n∏ Œ‡±˘± ø‡øάˇfl¡œÀ1 Œ¸±˜±˝√◊ ’˝√± øfl¡Â≈√˜±Ú ¬ı±gªº
’±À¬ı·1 ¤‰¬±1fl¡ø̺
ë’±¬Û≈øÚ ø˚˜±Ú ·˝√œÚÕfl¡ Ô±Àfl¡, ø¸˜±Ú ·˝√œÚ
¤ÀÚfl¡≈ª± ¤fl¡ ¬ı¯∏«Ì˜≈‡1 1±øÓ¬ 1±øÓ¬ ˝√›“ Œ¬ı±˘± ¸øg˚˛±ÀÓ¬, ˝√í¬ı˘·œ˚˛±Õfl¡ ≈√‡1 ø√Ú ’˝√± Ú±˝√◊ ’±À¬Û±Ú±1 |±ªôLœfl¡± Œ˜˜º
¤ÀÚÕfl¡À˚˛ fl¡±À1±¬ı±1 ’Ú±øÒfl¡±1 õ∂À¬ıÀ˙ ’Ê√±øÚÀÓ¬ øÓ¬˚˛±˝√◊ ’˘¬Û fl¡˜Õfl¡ ·˝√œÚ ˝√íÀ˘› ¬Û‘øÔªœ‡Ú ¤Àfl¡˝√◊ Ô±øfl¡¬ı øfl¡cºí
Œ¬Û˘±˝√◊øÂ√˘ |±ªôLœfl¡±1 ˜Ú ’±1n∏ õ∂±Ìº ŒÚ±¬ı≈À1± Œ¬ı±˘± Œõ∂˜1
¬ı1¯∏≈ÌÊ√±fl¡Ó¬ ŒÊ√¬ÛÀÊ√ø¬Û˚˛± Δ˝√ øÓ¬øÓ¬øÂ√˘ Ó¬±˝√◊º ø˚ Œõ∂˜ Ó¬±˝√◊1 ø˜ø‰¬øfl¡˚˛±˝√◊ ˝√“±ø˝√øÂ√˘ Ó¬±˝√◊º ˘í1±ÀȬ±1 fl¡Ô±À¬ı±1
˜¸‘Ì, Î◊¬‡˘-˜±‡˘ ÚÔfl¡± Ê√œªÚÀȬ±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ’±øÂ√˘ ¤È¬± Î◊¬Ê√≈øȬº ¤ÀÚfl¡≈ª±˝√◊º ‡≈UÓ¬œ˚˛±, Œfl¡±˜˘º
’±øÂ√˘ ’fl¡äÚœ˚˛, ’Ú±√1Ìœ˚˛º
˝√◊—1±Ê√œ ¸±ø˝√Ó¬…Ó¬ Œ¬Û±©Ü Œ¢∂Ê√≈Àª˙…Ú fl¡ø1 Ôfl¡± Ú±ø√˜1
Œ¸˝√◊¬ıÂ√1 ÚÓ≈¬ÚÕfl¡ ¸˝√fl¡±1œ ø˙é¬fl¡ ø˝√‰¬±À¬Û Œ˚±·√±Ú ˘·Ó¬ õ∂Ô˜ ¬Û˚«±˚˛Ó¬ 1±À‡± ¬ı≈ø˘À˚˛˝√◊ |±ªôLœfl¡±˝√◊ ’˘¬Û ”√1Q
fl¡ø1 ’ø‰¬Ú±øfl¡ ‰¬˝√1‡Ú1 Ú±˜;˘± fl¡À˘Ê√‡ÚÓ¬ ’—fl¡ ¬ÛϬˇ≈ª±¬ıÕ˘ 1±ø‡øÂ√˘º øfl¡c Œ‡±˘± ˜Ú1 ¸˝√Ê√ ˘í1±ÀȬ±Àª ’ø‰¬À1˝√◊ Ó¬±˝√◊1
Δ˘øÂ√˘ Ó¬±˝√◊º ˜±1 fl¡±øϬˇ ‡˜‡˜œ˚˛±Õfl¡ ˝√◊ø¶a fl¡1± fl¡¬Û±˝√œ ˙±Î¬ˇœ ¬ı≈fl¡≈Ó¬ ‚1 fl¡ø1 ˘íÀ˘ , ¸ôL¬Û«ÀÌ, ¸—À·±¬ÛÀÚº øÚÀ‰¬˝√◊ ¸˝√Ê√ˆ¬±Àª

54

¤Àfl¡± ¤Àfl¡±È¬± ·ˆ¬œ1 fl¡Ô± Δfl¡ ø√¬ı ¬Û1± Ó¬±1 &ÌÀȬ±Àª ë¤ÀÚfl¡≈ª± ¬ı1¯∏≈Ì Œ˘ÀÓ¬1± Ú±ø√˜º ¬ıÓ¬±˝√Ó¬ Î◊¬ø1 Ù≈¬1±
|±ªôLœfl¡±fl¡ õ∂ÔÀ˜ ø¬ı˜≈* ’±1n∏ ø¬ÛÂ√Õ˘ ø¬ıÀˆ¬±1 fl¡ø1øÂ√˘º ¸˜ô¶ Ò”ø˘ ¬ı±ø˘ fl¡øϬˇ˚˛±˝√◊ ’±ÀÚ, Œ¬ı˜±1 ˝√í¬ıºí Ó¬±˝√◊ ø1ø„√˚˛±˝√◊
Ó¬±1 ˘·Ó¬ ¬ı˚˛¸1 øfl¡Â≈√ Ó¬Ù¬±» Ôfl¡± ¶§ÀQ› ·øϬˇ Î◊¬øͬøÂ√˘ Δfl¡øÂ√˘º
ø¸˝√“Ó¬1 ¤fl¡ ¸≈˝√+√˚˛Ó¬±1 ¸•Ûfl¡«º ¸±øißÒ… ¬ı±øϬˇ ’±ø˝√øÂ√˘, ”√1Q
fl¡ø˜øÂ√˘º Ú±ø√À˜ qÚ± Ú±øÂ√˘ Ó¬±˝√◊1 ˚≈øMêº ¬ı1¯∏≈ÌÓ¬ øÓ¬øÓ¬-¬ı≈ø1
ø¸ Œfl¡ª˘ ˝√“±ø˝√øÂ√˘º Ó¬±1 Œfl¡“Àfl¡±1± ‰≈¬ø˘À1 øÚ·ø1 ’±ø˝√øÂ√˘
Ó¬±˝√◊ Δfl¡øÂ√˘, ë’±ø˜ÀÓ¬± ¬ıi§≈+, Ó≈¬ø˜ ¬ı≈ø˘¬ı± Œ˜±fl¡ºí ¬Û±Úœ1 ŒÈ¬±¬Û±˘À¬ı±1º Ó¬±1 ˝√“±ø˝√, Ó¬±1 ‰¬fl¡≈1 Î◊¬;˘Ó¬±ø‡øÚÓ¬
Œfl¡“Àfl¡±1± ‰≈¬ø˘1 Ê√¬Û1± ˜”1ÀȬ± ŒÊ√±fl¡±ø1 ø¸ Δfl¡øÂ√˘, ¬ı≈1 Δ·øÂ√˘ Ó¬±˝√◊ ¤¬Û˘fl¡º øÚÀÊ√ øÚøÓ¬Ó¬±Õfl¡À˚˛ ¬ı1¯∏≈Ì ¤Ê√±fl¡Ó¬
ëø¬ıÀ¬ıÀfl¡ Œfl¡±ª±Õ˘Àfl¡ ’±¬Û≈øÚ, ˜ÀÚ fl¡íÀ˘ Ó≈¬ø˜ºí Œ˚Ú øÓ¬øÓ¬ Δ·øÂ√˘ |±ªôLœfl¡±º
Ó¬±1 fl¡±¬ı…1¸ ’±øÂ√˘ õ∂‰≈¬1º |±ªôLœfl¡±1 ’—fl¡1 ˜·Ê√≈Àª
Ȭ˘±¬ı ŒÚ±ª1± 1¸ Œ¸˚˛±º Ê√œªÚÀȬ±fl¡ ¬Û˚«À¬ıé¬Ì Úfl¡ø1 Ó¬±˝√◊1 ˆ¬±Î¬ˇ±‚1Ó¬ Ȭ±ÀªÀ˘À1 ˜≈‡ ˜ø‰¬ ˜ø‰¬ Ú±ø√À˜ ¬ı˝√±
é¬ÌÀ¬ı±1fl¡ Ê√œ˚˛±˝√◊ Î◊¬¬ÛÀˆ¬±· fl¡ø1¬ı Ê√±øÚøÂ√˘ Ú±ø√À˜º Ó¬±1 Œfl¡±Í¬±1 ø‡øάˇfl¡œ‡Ú ‡≈ø˘ ø√øÂ√˘º
Ê√œªÚ Ò±1±Ó¬ õ∂øÓ¬Ù¬ø˘Ó¬ Δ˝√øÂ√˘ Ó¬±1 ’Ù≈¬1ôL ¶Û‘˝√±, ˙±¸Ú
Ú˜Ú± ø‰¬ôL±À¬ı±1º Œ¸“±Ó¬1 ø¬ı¬Û1œÀÓ¬, Ú±ø√˜ Ú±˜1 ˝√“±ø˝√˜≈‡œ˚˛± ëÚ≈‡≈ø˘¬ı± Ú±ø√˜, ¤‰¬±1fl¡øÌ Œ¸±˜±¬ıº ¬ı1¯∏≈Ì ¤øÓ¬˚˛±›
˘í1±ÀȬ±1 ˘·Ó¬ |±ªôLœfl¡±1 ·Ï¬ˇ Δ˘øÂ√˘ ¤fl¡ ’æ≥√Ó¬ ¸—À˚±·1º ø‰¬¬Ûø‰¬¬ÛÕfl¡ ø√À˚˛˝√◊ ’±ÀÂ√ºí
fl¡œÈ¬‰¬1 fl¡ø¬ıÓ¬± ’±1n∏ ëŒ˘À¢∂ÚÀÊ√Ê√ ø˜Ú Œˆ¬˘≈ øÔ˚˛À1˜í1
˚≈·˘¬ıμœÀ˚˛ ˜≈‡1 fl¡ø1 Ó≈¬ø˘øÂ√˘ ø¸˝√“Ó¬1 ’±À¬ıø˘À¬ı±1º Ú±ø√˜1 ë’±¸–, ¤˝√◊Ù¬±À˘ ’±˝√fl¡Ú±ºí ‰¬±˝√ Î◊¬Ó¬˘±˝√◊ Ôfl¡±
fl¡±ø¬ı…fl¡ 1¸Ó¬ Ê√œ¬Û±˘ Δ˝√ Î◊¬øͬøÂ√˘ Ó¬±˝√◊1 ’±À¬ı·, Ó¬±˝√◊1 øˆ¬Ó¬11 |±ªôLœfl¡±fl¡ ø¸ Ȭ±øÚ Δ˘ ’±øÚøÂ√˘ ø‡øάˇfl¡œ˜≈‡Õ˘º
’ø¬ıÚ…ô¶, ¶§Ó¬–¶£≈¬Ó¬ ŒÂ√±ª±˘œÊ√Úœº ø‡˘ø‡˘±˝√◊ ˝√“±ø˝√¬ıÕ˘ Δ˘øÂ√˘
·˝√œÚ ·yœ1 |±ªôLœfl¡±˝√◊º 똱øȬ1 ¤˝√◊ Œ·±gÀȬ±Ó¬Õfl¡ ·ˆ¬œ1 ’±1n∏ øfl¡¬ı± ’±ÀÂ√ ŒÚ
˝√◊—1±Ê√œ ¸±ø˝√Ó¬…1 Â√±S Δ˝√À˚˛± Ú±ø√˜1 √‡˘ ’±1n∏ Ȭ±Ú ¬ı±1n∏∑ Ê√œ˚˛±˝√◊ ’±ÀÂ√±, Ê√œ˚˛±˝√◊ Ô±øfl¡˜Ø ¤ fl¡±¬Û ’Ù¬ ˘±˝√◊Ù¬ ˝√◊Ú
’±øÂ√˘ ’¸˜œ˚˛± ¸±ø˝√Ó¬…Ó¬º Ó¬±1 ˚˝√ÀÓ¬˝√◊ ’±fl¡‘©Ü Δ˝√øÂ√˘ Ó¬±À˚˛±º ˝√◊Ȭ/í
¬ÛøϬˇ Œ¬Û˘±˝√◊øÂ√˘ Œfl¡˝√◊¬ı±‡ÀÚ± fl¡±˘Ê√˚˛œ Î◊¬¬ÛÚ…±¸, ø¬ı‰¬±ø1
Œ¬Û˘±˝√◊øÂ√˘ fl¡ø¬ıÓ¬±Ó¬ Ê√œ˚˛±˝√◊ Ôfl¡±1 ¸˜˘º Ó¬±1 ¸±øißÒ…Ó¬, qfl¡±Ú ˜±øȬӬ ¬ı1¯∏≈Ì1 ŒÈ¬±¬Û±˘ ¬Ûø1À˘ ˆ¬“±ø˝√ ’˝√±
Ó¬±1 ¬ıi§≈+Q1 õ∂ˆ¬±ªÓ¬ Ê√œªÚÓ¬ Úfl¡1± øfl¡Â≈√ fl¡±˜ fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ Δ˘øÂ√˘ ¸≈¬ı±¸ø‡øÚfl¡ ’¸˜œ˚˛±Ó¬ øfl¡ fl¡˚˛ |±ªôLœfl¡±˝√◊ Ú±Ê√±øÚøÂ√˘,
Ó¬±˝√◊º |±ªôLœfl¡±1 Ê√œªÚÕ˘ øÚ·ø1 øÚ·ø1 ’±ø˝√øÂ√˘ |±ªÚ1 ˝√◊—1±Ê√œÓ¬ Œ˚ Œ¸˚˛± 댬Ûø¬∏Cfl¡1í, Ú±ø√À˜˝√◊ Ó¬±˝√◊fl¡ ø˙fl¡±˝√◊ ø√øÂ√˘
·œÓ¬ ¤ø‡øÚº Œ¸˝√◊ø√Ú±º
ë|±¬ıÀÌ1 Ò±1±1 ˜ÀÓ¬± ¬ÛϬˇfl¡ Á¬À1....
ëŒÓ¬±˜±ø1 ¸≈1øȬ ’±˜±1, ˜≈À‡1 ¬ÛÀ1, ¬ı≈Àfl¡1 ¬ÛÀ1...í √œ‚˘Õfl¡ Î◊¬˙±˝√ Δ˘øÂ√˘ Ó¬±˝√◊º ˜±øȬ1 Œ¸À˜fl¡±
¬ı±—˘± ·±Ú1 fl¡ø˘øȬ &Ì&̱˝√◊øÂ√˘ Ú±ø√À˜º 1±ô¶±1 fl¡±¯∏1 ¸≈¬ı±¸ø‡øÚÀ˚˛ Ó¬±˝√◊fl¡ ‰¬=˘, ’˙±ôL fl¡ø1 Ó≈¬ø˘øÂ√˘º
’¶§±¶ö…fl¡1 ¬Ûø1À¬ı˙Ó¬ Œ¬ı¬Û±1œÀȬ±1 Œ˘ÀÓ¬1± ˝√±ÀÓ¬À1 ¬Ûø1À¬ı˙Ú
fl¡1± Ù≈¬‰¬fl¡±1 Œ¸±ª±√ Δ˘øÂ√˘ Œ¸˝√◊ø√Ú± ≈√À˚˛±È¬±˝√◊, Ú±ø√˜1 ¤fl¡±ôL Ó¬±˝√◊1 Î◊¬˙±˝√À¬ı±1 ˘±À˝√ ˘±À˝√ ‚Ú ’±1n∏ ‰≈¬øȬ Δ˝√ ’±ø˝√øÂ√˘º
Œ¬ÛÚÀ¬ÛÚøÚÓ¬º Ê√±—fl¡ Ù≈¬Î¬1 ¬Û1± ˙Ó¬ Œ˚±Ê√Ú ”√Õ1Ó¬ Ôfl¡± Œ¸˝√◊ ¸øg˚˛±, ¬ı1¯∏≈Ì1 ˙s1 ˘·Ó¬ ¤fl¡±R Δ˝√ Δ·øÂ√˘
|±ªôLœfl¡±˝√◊ Ȭ¬Û±ø˘ Ȭ¬Û±ø˘ ‡±˝√◊øÂ√˘ Ù≈¬‰¬fl¡± Œfl¡˝√◊Ȭ±º ŒÈ¬±¬ÛÀȬ±¬ÛÕfl¡ ≈√À˚˛±À1 ¬ı≈fl¡≈1 ¶ÛμÚº ’±øRfl¡ ø˜˘Ú1 1±·œÓ¬ ˜Ó¬˘œ˚˛± Δ˝√
¬ı1¯∏≈Ì ¬Ûø1¬ıÕ˘ ’±1y fl¡ø1øÂ√˘º Ó¬±˝√◊ Œ√Ãø1 Δ· ‰¬±ø˘ ¤‡Ú1 Î◊¬øͬøÂ√˘ Œfl¡±Í¬±ÀȬ±1 ¬ıÓ¬±˝√ø‡øÚ›º ¤È¬± ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ |±ªôLœfl¡±1
Ó¬˘Ó¬ ’±|˚˛ Δ˘øÂ√˘º Ú±ø√À˜ ø‰¬¤ûø1øÂ√˘, ’ø¬ıÚ…ô¶ ‰≈¬ø˘È¬±1œ1 ˜±ÀÊ√À1 ’±„≈√ø˘ ¬ı≈˘±˝√◊ Ú±ø√À˜ Δfl¡ Î◊¬øͬøÂ√˘,
ë|±ªÌ1 ¤˝√◊ ¬ı1¯∏≈ÌÓ¬ ˚ø√ øÚøÓ¬øÓ¬À˘ ŒÓ¬ÀôL Ê√œªÚÓ¬ ë|±ªÌ ’±À¬Û±Ú±1 Œ¸À˜fl¡± ‰≈¬ø˘1 ¤˝√◊ ¸≈¬ı±¸... ¤Ú ’À˙…Ú
øfl¡ fl¡ø1À˘ |±ªôLœfl¡± Œ˜˜∑í ’Ù¬ ˘±˝√◊Ù¬ ˝√◊Ú ˝√◊Ȭºí |±ªôLœfl¡±1 ‰¬fl¡≈¬Û±ÚœÀ1 Œ¸À˜øfl¡ Î◊¬øͬøÂ√˘
Ú±ø√˜1 ≈√·±˘º
Œ¸˝√◊ ¬ı¯∏«Ì˜≈‡1 ¸øg˚˛± |±ªôLœfl¡± Œ˜˜ Œfl¡ª˘ |±ªÌ Δ˝√
¬Ûø1øÂ√˘º
ø¬ÛÂ√ø√Ú± fl¡À˘Ê√1 fl¡ø1ά1Ó¬ Ó¬±˝√◊fl¡ Œ√ø‡ Ú±ø√À˜
’±·¬ı±øϬˇ ’±ø˝√ ’Ó≈¬…»¸±˝√œ ˝√“±ø˝√ ¤È¬± Î◊¬¬Û˝√±1 ø√øÂ√˘º ’Ú¬ı1ÀÓ¬
øfl¡¬ı± ¤È¬± fl¡›“ fl¡›“ fl¡1± Ó¬±1 ‰¬fl¡≈˝√±˘ ’±fl¡≈˘Ó¬±À1 ¸Ê√œª Δ˝√

55

Î◊¬øͬøÂ√˘º ¤fl¡ ˘˝√˜±1 ¬ı±À¬ı fl¡“ø¬Û Î◊¬øͬøÂ√˘ |±ªôLœfl¡±1 ›“ͬ˚≈ø1º Δ˝√ ˚±¬ı, ¸±˜ø1¬ı ŒÚ±ª±ø1¬ı±ºí ¬Û1œøé¬Ó¬1 ˙sÀfl¡˝√◊Ȭ±˝√◊ Ó¬±˝√◊fl¡
¬ı≈fl¡≈1 øˆ¬Ó¬1Ó¬ ŒÓ¬±˘¬Û±1 ˘À·±ª± ˙sÀ¬ı±1 Î◊¬ø˘˚˛±˝√◊ ’±øÚ¬ıÕ˘ ¬ı±ô¶¬ıÕ˘ ‚”1±˝√◊ ’±øÚÀ˘º
’¬Û1±· Δ˝√øÂ√˘ Ó¬±˝√◊º Ê√œªÚ1 ø˝√‰¬±¬ÛÀ¬ı±1 Œ‡ø˘ Œ˜ø˘ Δ˝√
Δ·øÂ√˘º øÚø˜˘± ’—fl¡À¬ı±À1 Œ˚ Ó¬±˝√◊fl¡ ø¬ı‰¬ø˘Ó¬ fl¡ø1 ŒÓ¬±À˘º ’˘¬Û ¬Û1 Ê√˘fl¡± ˘±ø· 1í˘ Ó¬±˝√◊º ˜≈‡1 ˙sÀ¬ı±À1 Ô≈¬Û
‡±˝√◊ Î◊¬M√11 1+¬Û ˘í¬ıÕ˘ ¬ı˘ ø¬ı‰¬±ø1 Ú±¬Û±À˘º
Ú±˝√◊, ’±À¬ı·fl¡ õ∂|˚˛ øÚø√À˚˛ |±ªôLœfl¡±˝√◊º
fl¡±À¯∏À1 ¬Û±1 Δ˝√ Œ˚±ª± ¤Ê√±fl¡ ˘í1±-ÀÂ√±ª±˘œ1 Œ¬ı“fl¡± ëøfl¡ ˝√í˘∑ Ê√¬Û±˝√◊ ø√˚˛±º ¤ÀÚfl¡≈ª± ¬ıÓ¬±˝√Ó¬ Œ¬ı˜±1Ó¬
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Ó¬±˝√◊ ’±Àfl¡Ã |±ªôLœfl¡± Œ˜˜ Δ˝√ ¬Ûø1øÂ√˘º
뤽√◊ ¸•Ûfl¡« ’¸yªº ˝√◊ ¸Ù¬˘ Œ˝√±ª±1 Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¸y±¬ı…Ó¬±˝√◊ ¬Û1œøé¬Ó¬ |±ªôLœfl¡±1 ¶§±˜œº Ó¬±˝√◊1 √À1˝√◊ õ∂øÓ¬øá¬Ó¬, fl¡˜«Í¬,
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Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¬Û±À‰¬«À∞I◊Ê√ ŒÚ±˘±˚˛ºí Ú±ø√À˜ Î◊¬√…˜ Œ˝√1n∏ª± Ú±øÂ√˘º
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ë©Ü¬Û ˝√◊Ȭ Ú±ø√˜º ˜˝√◊ ŒÚ±ª±ø1˜º ˝√◊Ȭ ª±Ê√ Ê√±©Ü ¤ ˜À˜∞I◊Â√
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Ô1 ˘±ø·øÂ√˘ ø¸º Ó¬±1 ˝√“±À˝√± ˝√“±À˝√± ˜≈‡‡ÚÓ¬ ø¬ı¯∏±√1 ˙±¸Ú Ú˜Ú± Œ‡±˘± ‰≈¬ø˘1 Œfl¡˝√◊ά±˘˜±Ú fl¡¬Û±˘1 ’±À·À1 ’±ø˝√
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Œ¸˝√◊ø√Ú±˝√◊ Œ˝√1±˝√◊ Δ·øÂ√˘ Ú±ø√˜ Ú±˜1 ˘í1±Ê√Úº ˘À·±ª± Œ˚±ª± 1±øÓ¬1 ’±À¬ı·À¬ı±11 √À1˝√◊º
’±1n∏ Ó¬±˝√◊∑
’±·øÚ˙±1 ¬ı1¯∏≈ÌÊ√±fl¡1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ Ó¬±˝√◊ Ê√œªÚ1 ¬Û1± ø¬ı√±˚˛ ø‡øάˇfl¡œ‡Ú Ó¬±˝√◊ Ê√¬Û±˝√◊ ø√À˘º Œ¬Ûø¬∏Cfl¡11 Œ·±gÀȬ±1
ø√øÂ√˘ Ú±ø√˜ Œ¬ı±˘± ˝√“±ø˝√˜≈‡œ˚˛± ’±À¬ıø·fl¡ ˘í1±ÀȬ±fl¡º ¶§øô¶1 ’ªø˙©Üø‡øÚ Ú±˝√◊øfl¡˚˛± Δ˝√ ·í˘º
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¬Û1± ¬ı±ø‰¬ ·í˘º øfl¡c Ó¬±˝√◊1 ˜ÚÀȬ±∑ ˜ÚÀȬ± Œ˚ Úˆ¬¬ı± Ò1ÀÌ ’±À¬ı·fl¡ õ∂|˚˛ |±ªôLœfl¡±˝√◊ ’±øÊ√› øÚø√À˚˛º
Œ‡ø˘À˜ø˘ ˘±ø· Δ1øÂ√˘ Ó¬±˝√◊1/ Úˆ¬¬ı± Ò1ÀÌ Ó¬±˝√◊1 ‰≈¬ø˘Àfl¡˝√◊ά±À˘ Ó¬±˝√◊fl¡ ’±˜øÚ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º Ó¬±˝√◊ ˝√±ÀÓ¬À1 ¬Ûfl¡±˝√◊
ø˝√‰¬±¬ÛÀ¬ı±1Ó¬ ’±Î◊¬˘ ˘±ø·øÂ√˘º ’—fl¡1 Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¸”S˝√◊ ¸±˜ø1¬ı ¬Ûø1¬Û±øȬ Œ‡±¬Û± ¤È¬± ·“±øͬ Œ¬Û˘±À˘º ¬Û1œøé¬Ó¬Õ˘ ‰¬±˝√◊ ¸1ª
¬Û1± Ú±øÂ√˘ Ó¬±˝√◊1 ’˙±ôL ’±À¬ı·À¬ı±1fl¡º ¬ı±ø1¯∏± Œ˙¯∏ Œ˝√±ª±1 ˝√“±ø˝√ ¤È¬± ˜±ø1 ¬ÛϬˇ± Œ˜Ê√‡ÀÚ± ø‰¬øÊ√˘ ˘·±˝√◊ Œ¬Û˘±À˘º
ø¬ÛÂ√ÀÓ¬± ¬ıUÓ¬ ø√ÚÕ˘ ¬ı1¯∏≈ÌÓ¬ øÓ¬øÓ¬ ’±øÂ√˘ Ó¬±˝√◊º ˘±Ê√ ˘±Ê√ Δfl¡ ›À˘±ª± fl¡˜˘±¬ı≈ø˘˚˛± Œ¬ıø˘ÀȬ±1 Œfl¡±˜˘
Œ¸˝√◊ ¸øg˚˛±, ’±1n∏ Œ˚±ª± øÚ˙±º ¤Àfl¡˝√◊ ¬ı1¯∏≈ÌÊ√±fl¡Ó¬ 1í√ ¤ø‡øÚ ’±ø˝√ |±ªôLœfl¡± Δ1 Ôfl¡± ͬ±˝√◊Àά±‡1Ó¬ ø˜Í¬± Œ¬Û±˝√1
øÓ¬øÓ¬À˘ |±ªôLœfl¡±º ¤Àfl¡Ò1ÀÌ˝√◊º Œ˚±ª± ≈√Ȭ± √˙fl¡ Œ˚ Ó¬±˝√◊ ¤È¬± ø¬ı˘±˝√◊ ·í˘º Ó¬±˝√◊1 ø¬ıøÚ^ 1Ê√Úœ1 ’ª¸±√ø‡øÚfl¡ ø¬Ûg±˝√◊
¤ÀÚÕfl¡À˚˛ øÓ¬øÓ¬ ’±ÀÂ√º ’fl¡À˘, Úœ1Àª, Œ·±¬ÛÀÚº ά– ΔÔ ·í˘ ¤È¬± ’±˘¸≈ª± ˝√“±ø˝√º Œ¸˝√◊ ˝√“±ø˝√ÀȬ± ø¬Ûøg ·±1n∏ Œfl¡˝√◊Ȭ±
|±ªôLœfl¡± ˆ¬1¡Z±Ê√1 fl¡˜«Í¬, ¸Ù¬˘ ’±1n∏ ¬Ûø1¬Û±øȬ Ê√œªÚ1 ¤fl¡ Ôfl≈ ¡ø≈ Â√ ¸˜±Ú fl¡ø1 Ó¬±˝√◊ ø¬ı‰¬Ú± ‰¬±√1‡Ú ø٬ȬÕfl¡ ¬Û±øÓ¬À˘º ø¬ı‰¬Ú±Ó¬
øÚ¸—·, Úœ1ª ’Ò…±˚˛ Δ˝√º ¬Ûø1 Œ1±ª±, Œ˚±ª±1±øÓ¬ ¬ÛøϬˇ Œ˙¯∏ fl¡1±, ¶§Ú±˜ÒÚ… fi¬ÛÚ…±ø¸fl¡
ëø‡øάˇfl¡œ‡Ú Ê√¬Û±˝√◊ ø√˚˛±, Œ·±ÀȬ˝√◊‡Ú Œ‰¬À√ø˘ Œˆ¬À√ø˘ Ú±ø√˜ fl¡≈À1Â√œ1 ÚªÓ¬˜ ¸‘ø©Ü ë|±ªÌ1 Œ¸˝√◊ ¸øg˚˛±í Î◊¬¬ÛÚ…±¸‡Ú
|±ªôLœfl¡±˝√◊ Ê√¬Û±˝√◊ øfl¡Ó¬±¬Û1 ’±˘˜±1œÀȬ±1 ¤‰≈¬fl¡Ó¬ ¸˚Ó¬ÀÚ
ΔÔ ø√À˘º øͬfl¡ ˝√◊˜±Úø√ÀÚ Ê√¬Û±˝√◊ ŒÔ±ª± Ó¬±˝√◊1 ˝√+√˚˛1
ø‡øάˇfl¡œ‡Ú1 √À1˝√◊º
’±˘˜±1œÀȬ±1 ¬Û1± ŒÚ¬ÛÀÔø˘Ú ’±1n∏ ¬Û≈1øÌ øfl¡Ó¬±¬Û1
¸—ø˜ø|Ó¬ Œ·±g ¤È¬± ø¬ı˚˛ø¬Û ¬Ûø1˘º
Œ·±gÀȬ±fl¡ ’±À¬Û±Ú˜ÀÚ Œfl¡±Í¬±ø˘ÀȬ±Ó¬ Î◊¬˜ø˘¬ıÕ˘ ø√
|±ªôLœfl¡±˝√◊ ¬Û1œøé¬Ó¬1 ˘·Ó¬ ‰¬±˝√ ‡±¬ıÕ˘ ¬ı≈ø˘ Œ‡±Ê√ ø√À˘º

Address: Bangalore
Email: [email protected]

56

fl¡ø¬ıÓ¬± ¬ıí˝√±·

¬ıœ1À‰¬Ú±˝√◊ fl‘¡¯∏û±é¬œ ˆ¬A±‰¬±˚«

˜KI◊œ ¬ı1fl¡È¬fl¡œ ‰¬íÓ¬1 Œ˙¯∏Ó¬ ’±ø˝√˘ ¬ıí˝√±·,
fl≈¡ø˘À˚˛ ø√À˘ø˝√ Ê√±ÚÚœ ’±˜±fl¡º
¬ı1Õ√ø‰¬˘± ’±ø˝√À˘ ‰¬íÓ¬À1 ˜±˝√ÀÓ¬ õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬À˚˛ øÚÊ√1 1+¬Û ¸˘±À˘,
Œ‰¬Ú±˝√◊› ’±ø˝√¬ı ¤˝√◊ ¬ı¸ôLÀÓ¬, ŒÎ¬fl¡±-·±ˆ¬1n∏Àª Î◊¬˘±˝√Ó¬ Ú±ø‰¬À˘º
ŒÏ¬±˘1 ‰¬±¬Û1 qøÚ Œ‰¬ÀÚ˝√œÀ˚˛ Ú±À‰¬ Ú±˝√1, Ó¬·1, fl¡À¬ÛÃ, Œfl¡ÀÓ¬fl¡œÙ≈¬˘ ,
Œ‰¬Ú±˝√◊fl¡À˚ Œ√‡± Ú±˝√◊ ≈√Ȭ± ¬ıÂ√À1º Œ‰¬Ãø√˙ ø¬ı˚˛ø¬Û fl¡ø1ÀÂ√ ’±À˜±˘À˜±˘º
ŒÏ¬±˘-Œ¬Û“¬Û±1 ˜±ÀÓ¬ ˜Ú ¬Û≈˘øfl¡Ó¬ fl¡À1,
Œ‰¬Ú±˝√◊ ˝√í˘ ø‰¬¬Û±˝√œ, ·“±›À1 Œ√fl¡±øȬ ø¬ıUªÓ¬œÀ˚˛ ø¬ıU Ú±À˜À1 ¬ıí˝√±·œfl¡ ’±√À1º
ø¸¬Û±À1Ó¬ ˚”øÊ√ÀÂ√ Œ√˙1 ˝√Àfl¡ ˚≈“Ê√, Œ¬ıÀ„√Ú±, ŒÔÀfl¡1±, Œfl¡À1˘±, ˝√±˘øÒ1 ¬ı“±˝√1 ‰¬±È¬ ,
Œ√˝√Ó¬ ¬ı˘ ¬ı±øg, fl¡ø1ÀÂ√ Œ√˙1 fl¡±˜ √œ‚˘øÓ¬, ˜±ø‡˚˛Ó¬œ ˜±ø‡ ˜±À1“± Ê√±Ó¬ Ê√±Ó¬º
1±ø‡ÀÂ√ ˜±Ó‘¬ ˆ”¬ø˜1 ¬ıU ¬ıU ˜±Úº ˜±˝√-˝√±˘øÒÀ1 ·1n∏ ŒÚ±ª±˝√◊ Œ·±-¬Û”Ê√± fl¡À1“±,
ŒÊ√…á¬Ê√Úfl¡ Œ¸ª± Ê√Ú±˝√◊ ø¬ıUª±ÀÚÀ1 ’±√À1“±º
Œ‰¬Ú±˝√◊1 Œõ∂˜Ó¬ ˜Ó¬˘œ˚˛± ’±˜±À1 Œ‰¬ÀÚ˝√œ ŒÏ¬±˘, Œ¬Û“¬Û±, ··Ú±,
Œ‰¬Ú±˝√◊1 Œ˚ ø‰¬Ú±øfl¡ ŒÏ¬±˘œ˚˛± ¬ı≈ø˘, Ȭfl¡±, ¸≈Ó≈¬˘œ ,
’±fl¡±˙ ¬Û±Ó¬±˘ fl¡À¬Û±ª±, ø‰¬¬Û±˝√œ Œ‰¬Ú±˝√◊ ˝í˘ ŒÊ√±Úø¬ıø1, Ô≈1œ˚˛±, ·±˜‡±1n∏, ˜±√˘œº
ŒÏ¬±˘1 ¸•⁄±È¬ ŒÏ¬fl¡œ˚˛±Ê√≈˘œ1º ¬ıí˝√±· ’¸˜œ˚˛±1 ·øÓ¬, ¬ıí˝√±· ’¸˜œ˚˛±1 õ∂±Ì ,
¬ıí˝√±· ’¸˜œ˚˛±1 fl¡˘±-fl‘¡ø©Ü, ˘≈˝√◊Ó¬¬Û1œ˚˛±1 ˜±Úº
ø¬ıUøȬ ˜1˜1 ø¬ıUøȬ ¸±√11
¬ı¸ôL1 ¬ı± ˘·± ·±Ó¬, Xobdom, Biswanath Chariali
Œ√˙1 fl¡±À˜± fl¡ø1¬ı±, ø¬ıUøȬ› ’±√ø1¬ı± Phone : 9854918316
ø¬ıU¬ı±Ú, ˙1±˝√◊, Ó¬±À˜±˘-¬Û±Ìº
57
¸fl¡À˘±Àfl¡ Ê√Ú±˝√◊ÀÂ√± ø¬ıU1 qˆ¬fl¡±˜Ú±
Ê√Ú±˝√◊ÀÂ√± ’±˜±1 õ∂̱˜
˙Ó¬ |X±?ø˘, ’¬Û«Ì fl¡ø1ÀÂ√“±,
Ê√œªÚ Ó¬…±· fl¡1± ¬ıœ1À¸Ú±Õ˘º

Bangalore
Phone: 9535227784

fl¡ø¬ıÓ¬± ˝◊√26√±À¬ı±À1 ·Ê√±ø˘ ŒÚÀ˜À˘
˝◊√26√±À¬ı±1 ˜1fl¡º
˝◊√26√±À¬ı±1 ˝◊√26√±À¬ı±1 Ôí¬ıÕ˘ ͬ±˝◊√ Ú±˝◊√º
˝◊√26√±À¬ı±1 ’¸≈‡º
Úœø˘˜ fl≈¡˜±1 ˝◊√26√±À¬ı±11 ˆ¬øª¯∏…Ó¬ Ú±˝◊√º
˝◊√26√±À¬ı±À1 fl¡±Àfl¡± ’À¬Û鬱 Úfl¡À1
Œ˜±1 ˝◊√26√±1 È≈¬fl≈¡1±À¬ı±1 ’±ÀÂ√ ˚íÀÓ¬-Ó¬íÀÓ¬ ¬Ûø1 ’øÚ26√± ¸ÀN› ’±À˝√ ˝◊√26√±À¬ı±1º
˜±øȬ1 ¬ı±‰¬Ú1 √À1 ˆ¬±ø· È≈¬fl≈¡1±-È≈¬fl≈¡1 Δ˝√ Œ˚±ª±
Œ˜±1 ˝◊√26√±À¬ı±1, fl¡±‰¬1 ¬ı±‰¬Ú1 √À1 ¬Ûfl¡±Ó¬ ¬Ûø1 ˝◊26√±À¬ı±1 Œfl¡¬ı˘ ˘é¬Ì
‰”¬Ì«-ø¬ı‰”¬Ì« Δ˝√ ø¸“‰¬1øÓ¬ Œ˝√±ª± Œ˜±1 ˝◊√26√±À¬ı±1º Ê√œ˚˛±˝◊√ Ôfl¡±1º
fl¡±À1±¬ı±1 ˆ¬ø1Ó¬ ˝√˚˛ÀÓ¬± ø¬ıøg
ŒÓ¬Ê√ ά◊ø˘˚˛±˝◊√ÀÂ√ Œ˜±1 Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ˝◊√26√±˝◊√/
Ó¬±1 ¬ı±À¬ı 鬘± fl¡ø1¬ıº
Œ˜±1 Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ˝◊√26√±1 È≈¬fl≈¡1±
Œfl¡±ÀÚ±¬ı±˝◊√ ˝√˚˛ÀÓ¬± ˜ÀÚ ˜ÀÚ
ŒÓ¬›“1 ‚1Ó¬ ¸“±ø‰¬ ΔÔÀÂ√, ˚±fl¡
˜˝◊√ ¬Û±˝√ø1 Δ·À“√±º
Œ˜±1 Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¤ÀÊ√±¬Û± ˝◊√26√±1 Ù≈¬˘
˚±fl¡ Œ1±ª± Ú˝√í˘,
Œ˜±1 Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¤È¬± ˝◊√26√±1 Œ‰¬±˘±
˚±fl¡ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± √Ê«√œÀ˚˛ øÚø‰¬˘±À˘
√¶≈®˘Ó¬ fl¡±À1±¬ı±1 Ê√…±ø˜øÓ¬1 ¬ı±fl¡‰¬Ó¬
Œ¸±˜±˝◊√ Ôfl¡±1 ˝◊√26√± ’±øÂ√˘
Ó¬±ÀÓ¬± ø¬ıøgøÂ√˘ fl¡•Û±ÀÂ√,
fl¡íÀÓ¬± øÚ1±¬Û√ Ú˝√˚˛ ˝◊√26√±À¬ı±1º
Œ˜±1 ˝◊√26√±1 È≈¬fl≈¡1± Œfl¡˝◊√Ȭ±˜±Ú
¤ø√Ú ’±À˚˛ ˜øμ1Õ˘ Δ˘ Δ·
õ∂¸±√Ó¬ ø√øÂ√˘º ÷ù´À1 Ú≈‰≈¬À˘º
˜˝◊√ Œfl¡˝◊√Ȭ±˜±Ú ˝◊√26√±1 È≈¬fl≈¡1±
√ø˘˚˛±˝◊√ ø√øÂ√À˘± ‰¬1±˝◊√À¬ı±1Õ˘
˝◊√26√±À¬ı±1 ø¸˝√“ÀÓ¬ fl≈¡øȬ-fl≈¡øȬ ‡±›fl¡ ¬ı≈ø˘
˜˝◊√ Ê√±ÀÚ± ø¸˝√“Ó¬1 Œ¬ÛȬӬ

Guwahati
Phone : 9954623043

58

ì’±ø˜ ¤Àfl¡‡Ú Ú±ªÀ1 ˚±Sœî
Œ˜±1 Ê√œªÚÓ¬ ڱȬfl¡œ˚˛ ìfl¡≈˙˘î

øÚÀ¬ıø√Ó¬± ˆ¬1±˘œ

Ê√Ú±-¬ı≈Ê√± Œ˝√±ª±À1 ¬Û1± Ê√œªÚÀȬ±fl¡ ’˘¬Û ’Ú…Ò1ÀÌ ìŒ1ø·— ¤˝√◊øȬ Ù¬í1î ڱȬfl¡1 ’±‡1±Ó¬ ¬Û±˝√◊øÂ√À˘± ˜˝√◊
‰¬±¬ıÕ˘ ø˙øfl¡øÂ√À˘“±º ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏Õfl¡ Œ˜±1 ¸‰¬1±‰¬1 Ê√œªÚ-˚±¬ÛÚ1 ˘í1±ÀȬ±fl¡º ’±ø˜ õ∂±˚˛ø‡øÚÀ˚˛˝√◊ ˜˝√±ø¬ı√…±˘˚˛1 Â√±Sº ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡
õ∂øÓ¬ ’Úœ˝√± ’±øÂ√˘º ø˚Àfl¡±ÀÚ± ¸‘ø©Ü˙œ˘Ó¬±fl¡ ’ôL1À1 ¢∂˝√Ì ø‰¬øÚ˚˛1, ˜˝√◊ Ê√≈øÚ˚˛1º ÚÓ≈¬Ú ¬Ûø1‰¬˚˛À1 ¬ı≈øÊ√ Î◊¬øͬøÂ√À˘± Î◊¬;˘
fl¡ø1øÂ√À˘± ’±1n∏ ˆ¬±ø¬ıøÂ√À˘± Ê√œªÚ ˚ø√ Ê√œ˚˛±¬ı ˘±À· ‰¬fl≈ ’±1n∏ ŒÊ√±‡Ó¬Õfl¡ √œ‚˘ [‰¬fl¡≈Õ˘Àfl¡ Ϭ±øfl¡ Ò1±] ¤Àfl¡±‰¬±
õ∂Ó¬…鬈¬±Àª Ú˝√íÀ˘› ¬ÛÀ1±é¬ˆ¬±Àª ˝√íÀ˘› ¸‘ø©Ü1 ˘·Ó¬ Ê√øάˇÓ¬ ‰≈¬ø˘À1 ڱȬfl¡Ó¬ Œ˚Ú ÊœÌ ˚±¬ıÕ˘À˝√ ’±ø˝√ÀÂ√/ ¬ı±˝√ øfl¡ ’æ≈√»
Δ˝√ fl¡È¬±˜º Œ¸À˚˛ Ê√œªÚ¸eœ øÚ¬ı«±‰¬ÚÓ¬ ¸‘ø©Ü1 ˘·Ó¬ ÊøάˇÓ¬ ŒÎ¬øάÀfl¡‰¬Ú/ ڱȬfl¡ ¬ı≈ø˘À˘ ˝√◊•ú±Ú ø‰¬økÀ˚˛1 ’±1n∏ ø‰¬ø1˚˛±‰¬
˜±Ú≈˝√fl¡ ˜ÀÚø√ ø¬ı‰¬±ø1øÂ√À˘“±º ’±1n∏ Œ¸À˚˛ Δ˝√ø¢º ’±øÊ√ ŒÓ¬›“ ¬ı…øMê ˝√◊˚˛±1 ’±·ÀÓ¬ Œ˜±1 ‰¬fl≈¡ÀÓ¬˝√◊ ¬Û1± Ú±øÂ√˘º õ∂Ô˜ÀÓ¬ ˜˝√◊
˚ø√› ¤fl¡ ’Ô«Ó¬ Œ˜±1 ˜±Ú≈˝√, øfl¡c ¬ı˝√˘ ’Ô«±Ó¬ fl¡˘±1 ˜±Ú≈˝√, ˘í1±Ê√Úfl¡ ¸—·œÓ¬1 ¬ı…øMê ø˝√‰¬±À¬ÛÀ˝√ Ê√±øÚøÂ√À˘±º Œfl¡±ÀÚ±
ڱȬfl¡1 ˜±Ú≈˝√, ˜±Ú≈˝√1 ˜±Ú≈˝√º ’Ú≈ᬱÚÓ¬ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ·±˚˛fl¡-·±ø˚˛fl¡±1 ˘·Ó¬ Ȭ¬ı˘± ’Ô¬ı± ŒÏ¬±˘fl¡

59

Ú±˝√◊¬ı± ø˚Àfl¡±ÀÚ± ‰¬±˜ƒ1±1 ¬ı±√…˚La1 ¸—·Ó¬fl¡±1œ ø˝√‰¬±À¬Û ¸—·Ó¬ ¸±—‚±øȬfl¡ ¸1˘Ó¬± ’±øÂ√˘º ø˚ ¸1˘Ó¬±˝√◊ Ê√ÚÓ¬±fl¡ ˜≈ø˝√øÂ√˘,
fl¡ø1øÂ√˘º ‰≈¬ø˘1 Ó¬˘Ó¬ ‰¬fl≈¡ ˜≈ø Œfl¡¬ı˘ ¬ıÊ√±˝√◊ Ôfl¡± ˘í1±Ê√Úº ˘·ÀÓ¬ Œ˜±Àfl¡±º ¤¬ı±1 ŒÓ¬›“ Œ˜±fl¡ ¤‡Ú ڱȬfl¡Ó¬ ’øˆ¬Ú˚˛
˘±À˝√ ˘±À˝√ ˘í1±Ê√Ú1 õ∂øÓ¬ Œ˜±1 ¤È¬± ˆ¬±˘ Ò±1̱˝√◊ ¬ı±˝√ fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ˘· Òø1À˘º ¬Û—fl¡Ê√ÀÊ√…±øÓ¬ ˆ”¬¤û±1 ڱȬfl¡ ëø¬Ûfl¡øÚfl¡Ó¬
˘íÀ˘º ì.... ¤›“ Ó¬±1˜±ÀÚ ¬ıÀÊ√±ª±1 Î◊¬¬Ûø1› ڱȬfl¡Àfl¡± ’±Ò± ’“fl¡± ¤‡Ú Â√ø¬ıíº ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛± fl≈¡˙˘ ø¸˜±Ú ’øˆ¬:
·ˆ¬œ1ˆ¬±À¬ı ˆ¬±˘ ¬Û±˝√◊ºî ’øˆ¬ÀÚÓ¬± Ú˝√íÀ˘› Œ˜±1 √À1 Ú-ø˙fl¡±1n∏fl¡ ŒÓ¬›“1 ¸˝√-
’øˆ¬ÀÚÓ¬± ø˝√‰¬±À¬Û ’±·¬ıϬˇ±˝√◊ Δ˘ Œ˚±ª±1 Œé¬SÓ¬ ’¬Ûø1¸œ˜
’±‰¬˘ÀÓ¬ ˜˝√◊ ˚±1 fl¡Ô± fl¡í¬ıÕ˘ ¬ı± ø˘ø‡¬ıÕ˘ Δ˘À“√±, fl¡©Ü fl¡1±Ó¬ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± fl‘¡¬ÛÚ±˘œ fl¡1± Ú±øÂ√˘º ˜˝√◊ ’fl¡¬ÛÀȬ ¶§œfl¡±1
Œ¸˝√◊ÀȬ± ’±‰¬˘ÀÓ¬ ˜˝√◊ Œfl¡ÀÚÕfl¡ ’±1y fl¡ø1˜ ¬ı± øfl¡ ø˘ø‡˜ fl¡ø1˜ Œ˚ õ∂ÔÀ˜ ˚ø√› ڱȬfl¡fl¡ ¸±Ò±1Úˆ¬±Àª Δ˘øÂ√À˘±, ¬ı±
¤Àfl¡± ͬ±ª1 fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û1± Ú±˝√◊º fl¡±1Ì ¬ıÓ¬«˜±Ú ŒÓ¬›“ Œ˜±1 Ê√œªÚ1 ¸±Ò±1Úˆ¬±Àª ¤‡Ú ڱȬfl¡ fl¡ø1¬ı ˘±À· ¬ı± ‰¬±¬ı ˘À· ¬ı≈ø˘
˘·Ó¬ ¸—¬Û‘Mêº fl≈¡˙˘ ŒÎ¬fl¡±º Œfl¡ª˘ ڱȬÀfl¡˝√◊ Ú˝√˚˛, ø˚Àfl¡±ÀÚ± ¬ı≈øÊ√øÂ√À˘±º øfl¡c ¤˝√◊‡Ú ڱȬfl¡1 Ê√ø1˚˛ÀÓ¬ fl≈¡˙À˘ Œ˜±fl¡
fl¡˘±1 Œé¬SÓ¬ ¤Ê√Ú ’±À¬Û±‰¬ø¬ı˝√œÚ ¸—¢∂±˜œ ˜±Ú≈˝√ ìfl≈¡˙˘î, Œfl¡ÀÚÕfl¡ ڱȬfl¡fl¡ ˆ¬±˘ ¬Û±¬ı ˘±À·, Î◊¬¬ÛÀˆ¬±· fl¡ø1¬ı ˘±À·
˜±ÀÚ ’¸˜1, ø¬ıù´Ú±Ô ‰¬±ø1’±ø˘1 ڱȬfl¡1 fl≈¡˙˘ ŒÎ¬fl¡±º ¬ı≈Ê√±˝√◊ Ó≈¬ø˘¬ıÕ˘ Œ‰¬©Ü± fl¡ø1À˘º ˘±À˝√ ˘±À˝√ ¤˝√◊√À1˝√◊ ŒÓ¬›“1
˘·Ó¬ ë’Ú≈¬Û˜± ¡Zœ¬Ûí, ë1+¬Û ¬ıÌ« ¬ı±fl¡í, ë’±¬ı≈ ˝√±‰¬±Úí, 댬ıÀGÊ√1
ŒÓ¬›“fl¡ ˜˝√◊ ø˚√À1 Ê√±øÚøÂ√À˘± ·±À˜±‰¬±í ’±ø√ ¬ıU ڱȬfl¡1 Ê√ø1˚˛ÀÓ¬ ڱȬfl¡1 ¬ı±ø˝√1-øˆ¬Ó¬1
í89-í90 ‰¬Ú ˜±Ú1 fl¡Ô±˝√◊ ˝√í¬ı/ fl≈¡˙˘fl¡ ˜˝√◊ õ∂Ô˜ ø¬ı‰¬1Ì fl¡1±1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ¤¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ŒÓ¬›“À1± øˆ¬Ó¬1Ó¬ Œ¸±˜±˝√◊
¬Ûø1À˘“±º
Œ√ø‡øÂ√À˘± ø¬ıù´Ú±Ô ‰¬±ø1’±ø˘1 ¤‡Ú ¬ıí˝√±·œ Œ˜˘±1 ’Ú≈ᬱÚÓ¬
Œfl¡ÃÓ≈¬fl¡ ’Ú≈á¬±Ú ¬Ûø1Àª˙Ú fl¡À1±ÀÓ¬º ø˚ÀȬ± Œ¸˝√◊˜˚˛Ó¬ ’±øÂ√˘ Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛±˝√◊ ŒÓ¬›“1 øˆ¬Ó¬1Ó¬ Œ¸±˜±À˘“± ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛±˝√◊ ŒÓ¬›“
¬ıÓ¬«˜±Ú1 쌩ÜG-’±¬Û fl¡À˜øÎ¬îº ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛±˝√◊ ŒÓ¬›“1 Œ¸˝√◊ fl¡íÀ˘ñ ëë˜˝√◊ Œ˜±1 ˜ÀÚ ø¬ı‰¬1± ˜ÀÓ¬ Ê√œ˚˛±˝√◊ Ô±øfl¡¬ı ø¬ı‰¬±À1“±,
ø¸X˝√ô¶Ó¬±fl¡ ˜˝√◊ Ó¬¬ıÒ ˜±øÚøÂ√À˘±º ŒÓ¬›“1 Œ¸˝√◊ ’øˆ¬Ú˚˛Ó¬ Œ˜±1 Ê√œªÚ ˝√í˘ 1—·˜=1 Œfl¡Úˆ¬±‰ƒ¬º Œ¸˝√◊ Œfl¡Úˆ¬±‰¬Ó¬ 1—
¸±øÚ Ê√œ Ô±øfl¡¬ı ø¬ı‰¬1± ˜±Ú≈˝√Ê√Ú1 ˘·Ó¬ Ó¬1Ìœ ŒÚ¬Û±¬ı± ŒÚøfl¡∑íí
ø¬ı¬ı±ø˝√Ó¬ Ê√œªÚ1 õ∂±flƒ¡é¬ÌÓ¬ ¸±Ò±1ÌÀÓ¬˝√◊ Œfl¡±ª±1 √À1 ìڱȬfl¡
fl¡ø1 Ô±fl¡± ¬ı±1n∏, Ó¬±1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ’Ú… øfl¡¬ı± ¤È¬± fl¡ø1¬ı ˘±À·î
Ò1Ì1 fl¡Ô±-¬ıÓ¬1±fl¡ ¸•Û”Ì« ’±›fl¡±Ì fl¡ø1 Œ˜±fl¡ Δfl¡øÂ√˘ñ
ìڱȬÀfl¡˝√◊ Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛± fl¡ø1˜ ¬ı≈ø˘ ø¸X±ôL ˘íÀ˘“±, Œ˜±1 Ê√œªÚ1
¸˜ô¶ ¸˜˚˛ ˝√í¬ı Ó¬…±·1 ›¬Û1Ó¬ øÚX«±ø1Ó¬º ¬ıU Ó¬…±·1
ø¬ıøÚ˜˚˛Ó¬À˝√ ¤‡Ú ڱȬfl¡1 ¬ÛÔ±1 ¸‘ø©Ü ˝√˚˛º Ó¬±À1±¬Ûø1 ڱȬfl¡
¬ıU fl¡˜ ˜±Ú≈À˝√˝√◊ fl¡À1º ø˚À˝√Ó≈¬ ˝√◊˚˛±Ó¬ Œ¢≠˜±1 Ú±˝√◊îº ¤›“1
˘·Ó¬ ˘±ø· Ô±øfl¡ ˜À˚˛± ¶Û©ÜÕfl¡ ¬ı≈øÊ√ Œ¬Û±ª± ˝√íÀ˘±, ڱȬfl¡Ó¬
¸±Ò±1ÌÀÓ¬ Ôfl¡± Œ¢≠˜±1 Ú±˝√◊ øͬÀfl¡˝√◊, øfl¡c Ê√œªÚ-√˙«Ú ’±ÀÂ√ ,
ø˚ √˙«Ú1 ¸˝√±˚˛Ó¬ Ê√œªÚÀȬ± ·ˆ¬œ1Ó¬±À1 Î◊¬ƒ√˚±¬ÛÚ fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û±ø1º

’±·ÀÓ¬˝√◊ Δfl¡ ’˝√±1 √À1 õ∂Ô˜ ’ª¶ö±Ó¬ ŒÓ¬›“ ¸—·œÓ¬
ø˙äœ ’Ô¬ı± ¬ı±√…-¸—·Ó¬fl¡±1œ ’±øÂ√˘º ’¸˜ 1±øÊ√…fl¡ ¬Ûø1¬ı˝√Ú
øÚ·˜1 ŒÓ¬ÀÚ˝√◊ ¸1n∏ ’±¬ı±¸ ·‘˝√øȬӬ ˜±fl¡-Œ√Î◊¬Ó¬±fl¡ ’±1n∏ øÓ¬øÚøȬ
˘í1± ¸ôL±Ú1 Δ¸ÀÓ¬ ¬Ûø1˚˛±˘ÀȬ±Àª Δ˙˙ª, Δfl¡À˙±1 ’±1n∏
Œ˚êÚ1 ’±Ò± ¸˜˚˛ ¬Û±1 fl¡ø1øÂ√˘º Œ¸˝√◊ ¬Ûø1˚˛±˘À1 ’±øÂ√˘

60

ŒÓ¬›“ ά±„√1 ¸ôL±Úº Œ¸˝√◊ ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ›‰¬1ÀÓ¬ ¬ı±¸ fl¡1± Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ˘·Ó¬ ¬ıi§≈+Q ·øϬˇ ¬ÛϬˇ± ŒÈ¬¬ı≈˘1 ¬Û1± ˜ÀÚ ˜ÀÚ ¬Û˘±˝√◊ Δ·
|ø˜Àfl¡ 1±øÓ¬ ¬ıÀÊ√±ª± ¬ı“±˝√œ1 ¸≈À1 ŒÓ¬›“1 ø˙q ˜ÚÀȬ±fl¡ ø¬ı‰¬ø˘Ó¬ øÔÀ˚˛È¬±11 ëø˜Î◊¬øÊ√fl¡ ¬ı'íÓ¬ ¬ıø˝√ ڱȬfl¡1 1¸±¶§±√±Ú fl¡1±1
fl¡ø1 Ó≈¬ø˘øÂ√˘ ’±1n∏ Œ√Î◊¬Ó¬±fl¡1 ·±ø˘-˙¬ÛøÚ, ˜±1Ò1Àfl¡± ˘·ÀÓ¬ ¤‡Ú w±˜…˜±Ú øÔÀ˚˛È¬±11 øÚ˜«±Ì Œfl¡Ã˙À˘ ˜·Ê√≈Ó¬
’±›fl¡±Ú fl¡ø1 Œ√Ãø1 Δ·øÂ√˘ ¬ı“±˝√œ¬ı±√fl¡1 fl¡±¯∏Õ˘º Ó¬±ÀÓ¬˝√◊ øÔÓ¬±ø¬Û Δ˘øÂ√˘º ‚11 ¸ij≈‡1 Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±1‡ÚÕ˘ ’˝√± ’¸˜1
Œ¬Û˘Úœ˚˛± fl¡±Í¬ ’±1n∏ ¬ı±˝√1 ‰≈¬øȬ ‰≈¬øȬ ˘±øͬÀ1 ¸1n∏ ¸1n∏ ŒÈ¬˜±- ø¬ıøˆ¬iß øÔÀ˚˛È¬±11 fl¡˜«œ1 ˘·Ó¬ ‚1n∏ª± ¬Ûø1ø‰¬øÓ¬À1 õ∂øÓ¬‡Ú
È≈¬˜ø˘1 ›¬Û1Ó¬ ‰¬ø˘øÂ√˘ Â√μ-˘˚˛-¸—·œÓ¬ ’±1n∏ ˝√+√˚˛1 ’±‡1±º w±˜…˜±Ú øÔÀ˚˛È¬±11 Œ¬ÛÀG˘1 õ∂øÓ¬ÀȬ± ¬ıd1 ŒÊ√±‡, fl¡íÓ¬
‚1Õ˘ ‚”ø1 ’±ø˝√À˘ Œ√Î◊¬Ó¬±fl¡1 ˜±1 Œ‡±ª±1 ˆ¬˚˛Ó¬ Ó¬±ÀÓ¬˝√◊ Œfl¡ÀÚÕfl¡ øfl¡ fl¡±ø1fl¡1œ Œfl¡Ã˙˘1 õ∂À˚˛±· Ó¬Ô± Œfl¡±Ú øÔÀ˚˛È¬±À1
øfl¡¬ı±øfl¡ø¬ı ’˘¬Û ‡±˝√◊ ˜øÊ√˚˛±ÀÓ¬ ŒÈ¬±¬ÛøÚ Δ·øÂ√˘º ˝√˚˛ÀÓ¬± Œ¸˝√◊ øfl¡ ÚÓ≈¬ÚQ õ∂À˚˛±· fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ Δ· ’±ÀÂ√, Œ¸˝√◊¸˜”˝√1 :±Ú ¸1n∏ÀÓ¬˝√◊
¸˜˚˛Ó¬ Î◊¬¬Û˚≈Mê õ∂ø˙é¬Ì Œ¬Û±ª± ˝√íÀ˘ fl≈¡˙À˘ ¤·1±fl¡œ ø¬ıø˙©Ü ¬Û≈∫±Ú≈¬Û≈∫ 1+À¬Û ’±˚˛Q fl¡1±1 Î◊¬¬Ûø1› øÔÀ˚˛È¬±1‡Ú1 ø¬ıø˙©Ü
¸—·œÓ¬: ø˝√‰¬±À¬Û ‡…±øÓ¬ ’±øÊ√«À˘À˝“√ÀÓ¬Ú/ ’øˆ¬ÀÚÓ¬±1 fl¡F1 U¬ıU ’Ú≈fl¡1ÀÌÀ1 ¬Ûø1Ó¬…Mê 1„√±-Úœ˘±
(Cellophane paper) fl¡±·ÀÊ√À1 øÚÊ√1 Œfl¡±Í¬±1 ˘±˝√◊Ȭ1
ø˙q ˜ÚÀȬ±Ó¬ ˝√˚˛ÀȬ± Œ¸˝√◊¸˜˚˛ÀÓ¬˝√◊ Œfl¡ÀÚ¬ı±Õfl¡ ڱȬfl¡1 ¬ı±å¬ıÓ¬ ¬ı±øg ˜ÀÚ ˜ÀÚ Δ˝√ Œ˚±ª± ڱȬfl¡1 ‘√˙… ¬Û≈Ú1 ¬Ûø1Àª˙Ú
¬ıœÀÊ√± Œ1±ø¬ÛÓ¬ Δ˝√øÂ√˘ ’Ê√±øÚÀÓ¬/√ Œ¸˝√◊ ¬Ûø1¬ı˝√Ú øÚ·˜1 fl¡ø1øÂ√˘º
’±¬ı±¸·‘˝√1 ¸ij≈‡Ó¬ Ôfl¡± Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±1‡ÚÀÓ¬ ’±ø˝√øÂ√˘ w±˜…˜±Ú
øÔÀ˚˛È¬±1¸˜”˝√º ˜±fl¡-Œ√Î◊¬Ó¬±fl¡1 ¬Û1± ¬Û˝√◊‰¬± ‡≈øÊ√ øÔÀ˚˛È¬±1 ¬ÛϬˇ±qÚ±1 õ∂øÓ¬ Ò±Î◊¬øÓ¬ ÚÔfl¡±, Œfl¡¬ı˘ ¸—·œÓ¬-ڱȬfl¡
‰¬±¬ıÕ˘ ¸±˝√¸ Œ·±È¬±¬ı ŒÚ±ª±ø1 øÔÀ˚˛È¬±11 ¸±Ò±1Ì |ø˜fl¡1 ¬ı≈ø˘ ¬ıø˘˚˛± ŒÓ¬›“fl¡ Œ√Î◊¬Ó¬±Àfl¡ øfl¡˜±Ú¬ı±1 Œ˚ ø√ÚÀȬ±Õ˘ ¬ı≈ø˘
Œfl¡±Í¬±1 øˆ¬Ó¬1ÀÓ¬ Ó¬˘± ¬ıg fl¡ø1 ΔÔ ø√øÂ√˘ Ó¬±1 ’ôL Ú±˝√◊º
fl≈¡˙˘1 ڱȬfl¡œ˚˛ ˚±S±1 ’±1yøÌ ¤Àfl¡¬ı±À1 ¸≈‡fl¡1 Ú±øÂ√˘º
˜=1 ’±“1 fl¡±À¬Û±11 ¬Û±‰¬Ù¬±À˘ Ôfl¡± 1˝√¸…˜˚˛ ¬Û‘øÔªœ‡ÚÓ¬
ø¬ı‰¬1Ì fl¡1±1 Œ˝√“¬Û±À˝√À1 ˝√±Ó¬Ó¬ ¬ı˝√œ-øfl¡Ó¬±¬Û Δ˘ fl¡í1¬ı±Õ˘
¬ÛøϬˇ¬ıÕ˘ ˚±›“ ¬ı≈ø˘ Δfl¡ ‚11 ›‰¬1À1 ¶ö±Úœ˚˛ õ∂鬱·‘˝√øȬӬ
Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ڱȬfl¡1 ’±‡1±Ó¬ ¬ıø˝√ ’±øÂ√˘, øfl¡Ê√±øÚ Œfl¡±ÀÚ±¬ı±˝√◊
fl¡À˚˛˝√◊... ì˚±À‰¬±Ú ˆ¬±˝√◊øȬ ’˜≈fl¡ ’±øÊ√ ’˝√± Ú±˝√◊, Ó¬À˚˛˝√◊
fl¡ø1À√Õ· 1í˘ÀȬ±ºî Ú±˝√◊ Œfl¡±ÀÚ±Àª˝√◊ Úfl¡˚˛º Œ¸˝√◊ Œ˝√“¬Û±À˝√À1˝√◊
˘±À˝√ ˘±À˝√ ڱȬfl¡1 ’±‡1±Ó¬ ‰¬±˝√ Œ˚±·±Ú Ò1±, ¶ú±1fl¡, ’“±1
fl¡±À¬Û±1 Ȭڱ, ‘√˙… ¸7¡¡¡±1 ¬ÛȬ¸˜”˝√Ó¬ 1— fl¡1±1 ˘·ÀÓ¬
Œ˙¯∏1Ù¬±À˘ ڱȬfl¡1 ¸—·œÓ¬ÀÓ¬˝√◊ Ê√øάˇÓ¬ Δ˝√ ¬Ûø1øÂ√˘º øfl¡c
õ∂Ó¬…鬈¬±Àª √˙«fl¡1 ¸ij≈‡Ó¬ øÚÊ√Àfl¡ Œ√‡± ø√˚˛±1 ¸À¬Û±Ú ¬Û”1
Œ˝√±ª± Ú±øÂ√˘ ¬ıU ¬ıÂ√1Õ˘º

1986 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ ˝√ͬ±ÀÓ¬ ¶ö±Úœ˚˛ ø¬ı√…±˘˚˛‡ÚÓ¬ ’¸˜1
¬Ûø1ø‰¬Ó¬ fl¡ø¬ı, ڱȬ…fl¡±1, ¬Ûø1‰¬±˘fl¡ 1øÙ¬fl≈¡˘ Œ˝√±ÀÂ√˝√◊Ú1
Ó¬Q±ªÒ±ÚÓ¬ Œ˝√±ª± ¤øȬ ڱȬ fl¡˜«˙±˘±Ó¬ ’‰¬ø•§ÀÓ¬ Œ¸±˜±˝√◊
¬ÛÀ1 fl≈¡˙˘º ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛± Î◊¬2‰√Ó¬1 ˜±Ò…ø˜fl¡ Œ|̜Ӭ ¬ÛøϬˇ Ôfl¡±
ŒÓ¬›“ ¶≥®˘Ó¬ Œ‡ø˘¬ıÕ˘ ¬ı≈ø˘ Δ· ø‡ø1øfl¡À1 ŒÓ¬›“ ˆ¬±˘ Œ¬Û±ª±
ø¬ı¯∏˚˛ ¤È¬± ø˙fl¡±˝√◊ Ôfl¡±Ó¬ Ó¬±ÀÓ¬ ¬ıø˝√ ø√Ú1 ¬Û±‰¬Ó¬ ø√Ú Òø1
‰¬±¬ıÕ˘ ˘íÀ˘, ’±1n∏ ¤¸˜˚˛Ó¬ 1øÙ¬fl¡√±˝√◊ ŒÓ¬›“Àfl¡± ڱȬ

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fl¡˜«˙±˘±Ó¬ ˆ¬øÓ¬« fl¡1±˝√◊ ˘íÀ˘º øfl¡c ˜”˘Ó¬– fl¡˜«˙±˘±1 øfl¡Â≈√ø√Ú øˆ¬À˘Ê√±1- ‰¬øÓ¬˚˛± , È≈¬Àª˘ˆ¬ ©Ü±1 flv¡±ª, ڱȬ‚1- Ú·±›“ , ŒÊ√.
Œ˚±ª±1 ¬Û±‰¬Ó¬ Œ˚±·√±Ú fl¡1±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ŒÓ¬›“fl¡ fl¡˜«˙±˘±1 ڱȬ ø¬ı. õ∂ά±fl¡‰¬Úñ ŒÓ¬Ê√¬Û≈1 , ¸œ˜±ôL ¸±—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ Œ·±á¬œñ
õ∂À˚±Ê√Ú±Ó¬ ˆ¬±· ˘í¬ıÕ˘ ¸≈ø¬ıÒ± øÚø√À˘º ’Ó¬…ôL ˝√Ó¬±À˙À1 ‰¬±ø1≈√ª±1 , ˆ¬±ø¬ıfl¡±˘ øÔÀ˚˛È¬±1- ø˙˘‰¬1 , Ú±ø¬ıfl¡ñ ˘é¬œ˜¬Û≈1
fl¡˜«˙±˘± Ó¬…±· fl¡1±1 ø¸X±ôL Œ˘±ª±1 ¸˜˚˛ÀÓ¬˝√◊ 1øÙ¬fl¡√±˝√◊ ’±ø√1 ˘·Ó¬ Ê√œªÚ1 ¬ıU ¸˜˚˛ ڱȬ…‰¬‰¬«± fl¡ø1 fl¡ø1 ¤È¬± ¸˜˚˛Ó¬
˜±øÓ¬ øÚ øfl¡Î◊¬¬ı±1 fl¡ø¬ı ŒÊ√±ÀÂ√˜ ’±øÓ¬1 ì’Ú≈¬Û˜± ¡Zœ¬Ûî fl¡ø¬ıÓ¬±1 øÚÊ√±¬ı¬ıœ˚˛±Õfl¡ øfl¡¬ı± ¤È¬± fl¡1±1 ø‰¬ôL± ¤È¬±˝√◊ ˜”1Ó¬ ¬ı“±˝√ ˘íÀ˘º
’±Ò±1Ó¬ ¤øȬ ·œøÓ¬-’±À˘‡… ¬ıÚ±˝√◊ Ó¬±Ó¬ ’øˆ¬Ú˚˛ fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘
¸≈À˚±· ø√À˘º Œ¸˝√◊ ’Ú≈¬Û˜± ¡Zœ¬Û1 Ê√ø1˚˛ÀÓ¬ fl≈¡˙˘1 ¤fl¡ fl≈¡˙˘1 ˜ÀÓ¬ñ ˚ø√ ¸˜˚˛ Ô±Àfl¡±ÀÓ¬˝√◊ øÚÊ√1 ’±øÊ√«Ó¬
ÚÓ≈¬Ú ¬Ûø1‰¬˚˛ ’±1y ˝√í˘º fl≈¡˙˘1 øˆ¬Ó¬1Ó¬ Ôfl¡± Ó¬±1̱fl¡ :±Ú¸˜”˝√, ’øˆ¬:Ó¬±¸˜”˝√ ø¬Û‰¬1 õ∂Ê√ij1 ˘·Ó¬ ø‰¬ôL±À1 ˆ¬±·-
¬ı≈øÊ√ ¬Û±˝√◊ 1øÙ¬fl¡√±1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ¤fl¡ ڱȬ… ¬ıÀ˝√ø˜˚˛±Ú1 √À1 ’¸˜1 ¬ıÓ¬1± fl¡1± Ú±˚±˚˛, ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛±˝√íÀ˘ Œ¸˝√◊ ͬ±˝√◊È≈¬fl¡≈1±Ó¬ øfl¡Â≈√¸˜˚˛Õ˘
˝√◊˜”11 ¬Û1± ø¸˜”1Õ˘ ¬ıU ¬ıÂ√1Õ˘ õ∂øÓ¬ÀȬ± ڱȬ fl¡˜«˙±˘±Ó¬ ‚”ø1 ¬ı± ø‰¬1fl¡±˘Õ˘ ڱȬfl¡1 Œé¬SÓ¬ ø¬ı1±Ó¬ ˙”Ú…Ó¬±˝√◊ ø¬ı1±Ê√ fl¡ø1¬ı
‚”ø1 1—·˜=1 Œfl¡Úˆ¬±‰¬Ó¬ ¸—·œÓ¬, fl¡ø¬ıÓ¬±, Ê√œªÚ1 ¬ıU fl¡Ô±1 ¬Û±À1º Œ¸À˚˛À˝√ 2005 ‰¬Ú1 25 ’±·©ÜÓ¬ ø¬ıù´Ú±Ô ‰¬±ø1’±ø˘1
¬Ûø1¬Û!¡Ó¬±À1 1— ø¸“ø‰¬¬ıÕ˘ ’±1y fl¡ø1À˘º øfl¡Â≈√ ÚÓ≈¬Ú ˘í1±-ŒÂ√±ª±˘œfl¡ ˘·Ó¬ Δ˘ øÚÊ√±¬ı¬ıœ˚˛±Õfl¡ ڱȬfl¡1
¤øȬ ’Ú≈á¬±Ú ·Ï¬ˇ ø√À˘º ˚íÓ¬ ˜À˚˛± Ê√øάˇÓ¬ Δ˝√ ’±À“√±º Ú±˜
ڱȬÀfl¡˝√◊ ˚±1 Ê√œªÚ ’Ô¬ı± ¸fl¡À˘±, ŒÓ¬›“fl¡ ’Ú… ¤Àfl¡± ÔíÀ˘“± ë¬ıÌ«˜íº Ê√ij˘¢üÀ1 ¬Û1± 17 ¬ıÂ√1 Òø1 fl≈¡˙À˘ ¬ıÌ«˜1
¬ı±Ò±˝√◊ Ó¬˘±¬ı ŒÚ±ª±ø1À˘º 1995 ’±1n∏ 96 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ ڱȬ… Ê√ø1˚˛ÀÓ¬ Œfl¡ª˘ ’¸˜ÀÓ¬ Ú˝√˚˛, ˆ¬±1Ó¬¬ı¯∏«1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Ú±È¬…˜=Ó¬
ø¬ı√…±˘˚˛Ó¬ ¬ÛøϬˇ¬ıÕ˘ ¬ı≈ø˘ ≈√¬ı±1Õfl¡ ¸±é¬±»fl¡±1 ø√À˚˛± ’±¸Ú Œ˚ÀÚ ¬Ûø(˜ ¬ı—·, ø¬ı˝√±1, ÚÓ≈¬Ú ø√~œ, Î◊¬M√1 õ∂À√˙, ’1n∏̱‰¬˘
˘±ˆ¬ fl¡ø1¬ı ŒÚ±ª±1± fl≈¡˙À˘ Œ¸˝√◊ ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ Œ˚±1˝√±È¬Ó¬ 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ õ∂À√˙ Ó¬Ô± øS¬Û≈1± ’±ø√Ó¬ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ’±Ò≈øÚfl¡ ڱȬ…Ò±1±À1
ڱȬ… ø¬ı√…±˘˚˛1 ¬Û1± ¶ß±Ó¬fl¡ Œ˝√±ª± ¸œX±Ô« ‰¬SêªM√π1 Ó¬Q±ªÒ±ÚÓ¬ ’¸˜œ˚˛± ڱȬfl¡fl¡ ˜=±˚˛ÚÀ1 ¬ıÌ«˜fl¡ ¸¬ı˘1+À¬Û õ∂øÓ¬¶ö± fl¡1±1
’Ú≈øá¬Ó¬ Œ˝√±ª± ¤fl¡ 45 ø√Úœ˚˛± ’±¬ı±ø¸fl¡ ڱȬ… fl¡˜«˙±˘±Ó¬ Î◊¬¬Ûø1› ’¸˜œ˚˛± ڱȬfl¡fl¡ ¤fl¡ ÚÓ≈¬Ú ˜±S±À1 ø‰¬Ú±øfl¡ fl¡1±˝√◊
’—˙¢∂˝√Ì fl¡ø1 øÚÊ√Àfl¡ ڱȬ… ¬Ûø1‰¬±˘fl¡1 1+¬ÛÓ¬ ¬Û≈Ú1 Ú- ø√ÀÂ√º
ڱȬ…À˚±X± ø˝√‰¬±À¬Û ¸Ê√±˝√◊ Ó≈¬ø˘À˘º Ó¬±1 ¬Û±‰¬ÀÓ¬˝√◊ ≈√ø˘˚˛±Ê√±Ú,
Ú±˝√1fl¡È¬œ˚˛±, øά¬ıËn∏·Î¬ˇ, øÓ¬øÚ‰≈¬fl¡œ˚˛±, Œ˚±1˝√±È¬, ŒÒ˜±øÊ√, ˘é¬œ¬Û≈1, ¬ıÌ«˜1 ˘·Ó¬ fl¡±˜ fl¡ø1 Ôfl¡±1 ¸˜˚˛ÀÓ¬˝√◊ fl≈¡˙À˘ ڱȬfl¡1
fl¡±ø¬ı« ’±—˘—, Ú·“±›, Œ˙±øÌÓ¬¬Û≈1, ˜—·˘Õ√, Œ·±˘±‚±È¬, Œé¬SÓ¬ ˆ¬±1Ó¬ ‰¬1fl¡±11 ¸±—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ ˜LaÚ±˘˚˛1 ¬Û1± ìø‰¬øÚ˚˛1
Œ¬ı±fl¡±‡±È¬, ø˙˘‰¬1, &ª±˝√±È¬œ ø¬ıù´ø¬ı√…±˘˚˛Àfl¡ ’±ø√ fl¡ø1 ¸˜¢∂ ŒÙ¬˘íøù´¬Ûî ˘±ˆ¬ fl¡1±1 Î◊¬¬Ûø1› ŒÓ¬›“À1 Ó¬Q±ªÒ±ÚÓ¬ ¬ıÌ«˜À1
’¸˜ÀÓ¬ Ú-ø‰¬ôL± Î◊¬À^fl¡fl¡±1œ Î◊¬»fl¡‘©Ü˜±Ú1 ڱȬ ¬Ûø1‰¬±˘fl¡ 1+À¬Û ’±Ú ¤Ê√Ú ¸√¸…˝√◊ ìÊ√≈øÚ˚˛ ŒÙ¬˘íøù´¬Ûî ˘±ˆ¬ fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ¸é¬˜
¬Ûø1ø‰¬Ó¬ Δ˝√ ¬Ûø1˘º ¤øÙ¬øÊ√, ’Ú… ¤fl¡ 1Ê√±, ‰¬±ø1’±ø˘, ˝√˚˛º ¬ıÓ¬«˜±Ú ˆ¬±1Ó¬ ‰¬1fl¡±11 ¡Z±1± Œ1¬Û±È¬«1œ øÔÀ˚˛È¬±1 ø˝√‰¬±À¬Û
øÚ˜Ó¬˘1 √Òœø‰¬, ·1±‡˝√Úœ˚˛±, ’¬ı±È¬1 ڱȬ... ’±ø√ ڱȬfl¡1 ¶§œfl‘¡øÓ¬ Œ¬Û±ª± ¬ıÌ«˜1 &ø1 Òø1 Ôfl¡±1 ¸˜˚˛ÀÓ¬˝√◊ ’1n∏̱‰¬˘
Ê√ø1˚˛ÀÓ¬ ¬ıU¬ı±1 ¸À√à ’¸˜ ¤fl¡±—fl¡ ڱȬ õ∂øÓ¬À˚±ø·Ó¬±Ó¬ Œ|ᬠõ∂À√˙Ó¬ ’±À˚˛±øÊ√Ó¬ 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ ڱȬ… ø¬ı√…±˘˚˛1 ¡Z±1± ø˙qڱȬ
’øˆ¬ÀÚÓ¬±, Œ|ᬠ¬Ûø1‰¬±˘fl¡1 ¸ij±Ú ’Ê√«Ú1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ Î◊¬M√1 fl¡˜«˙±˘±Ó¬ ¸˝√fl¡±1œ ø˙ø¬ı1 ¬Ûø1‰¬±˘fl¡ 1+À¬Û ’±1n∏ 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ ڱȬ…
¬Û”¬ı1 1±Ê√…Àfl¡˝◊√‡Úfl¡ ¸±˜ø1 &ª±˝√±È¬œÓ¬ Œ˝√±ª± ¤fl¡±—fl¡ ڱȬ ø¬ı√…±˘˚˛1 ¡Z±1± ˜≈•§±˝√◊Ó¬ ’±À˚˛±øÊ√Ó¬ Î◊¬M√1-¬Û”¬ı ø˙qڱȬ
õ∂øÓ¬À˚±ø·Ó¬±Ó¬ Œ|ᬠڱȬ…√˘1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ Œ|ᬠ¬Ûø1‰¬±˘fl¡1 ¸ij±Ú ¸˜±À1±˝√Ó¬ ˜≈‡…-¸˜i§˚˛fl¡ ø˝√‰¬±À¬Û ¡Z±ø˚˛Q˙œ˘Ó¬±À1 ¸Ù¬˘ˆ¬±Àª
¬ı≈Ȭø˘¬ıÕ˘› ¸é¬˜ ˝√˚˛º ’¸˜1 ¬Ûø1ø‰¬Ó¬ ڱȬ…√˘ Œ˚ÀÚ ¬ÛÔ±1- fl¡±˚«øÚ¬ı«±˝√ fl¡ø1øÂ√˘º ¤˝√◊ ¸˜˚˛ÀÂ√±ª±Ó¬ Œfl¡ª˘ fl≈¡˙˘1 ¬ı±À¬ı˝√◊
≈√ø˘˚˛±Ê√±Ú , ’±¶ö±, ·øÓ¬, Δ˙˘œ, Ó≈¬1—·˜ñ ø¬ıù´Ú±Ô ‰¬±ø1’±ø˘ , ¬ıÌ«˜ ’¸˜1 ¬ı±ø˝√1ÀÓ¬± ¤È¬± ¸≈-¬Ûø1ø‰¬Ó¬ Ú±˜ Δ˝√ ¬Ûø1˘º
¸“±Àfl¡±, ¬ı±¬Û≈Ê√œ ˆ¬ªÚ ڱȬ… ¸˜±Ê√ñ Ê√±˜≈&ø1˝√±È¬, Œ˚±1˝√±È¬
øÔÀ˚˛È¬±1, ˙œäñ Œ˚±1˝√±È¬ , ’¸˜ ڱȬ… ¸øij˘Ú- ŒÒ˜±Ê√œ ¬ıÓ¬«˜±Ú fl≈¡˙˘fl¡ ˜˝√◊ ø˚√À1 Ê√±ÀÚ±
’±1n∏ Ú±˝√1fl¡È¬œ˚˛± ˙±‡± , ¸ø¬Û«˘, ’±À1±˝√Ú- ˜—·˘Õ√ , øÚÊ√1 ¬ı±À¬ı Ê√œªÚÕ˘ ¤Àfl¡± Ú±1±ø‡ Œfl¡ª˘ ڱȬfl¡ Δ˘

Ê√œ˚˛±˝√◊ Ô±øfl¡¬ıÕ˘ ’˝√1˝√ Œ‰¬©Ü± fl¡ø1 Ôfl¡± ˜±Ú≈˝√Ê√ÀÚ øÚÊ√1
¸‘ø©ÜÓ¬ Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛± ¤Àfl¡±‡Ú ڱȬÀfl¡ ¬Û”Ì«Ó¬± ¬Û±˝√◊, Ó¬±ÀÓ¬˝√◊ ø¬ı˘œÚ
Δ˝√ ˆ¬±˘ Œ¬Û±ª± ˜±Ú≈˝√Ê√Ú ˝√í˘ fl≈¡˙˘º ˜˝√◊ ŒÓ¬›“1 fl¡±¯∏Ó¬ Ô±øfl¡

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ëfl¡À1±ª± ‰¬»‰¬í ø¬ı˝√±11 ’øˆ¬Úª øÔÀ˚˛È¬±11 ¬Û1± Œ¬Û±g1Ȭ±À1±
’øÒfl¡ √˙«Úœ ˜=¶ö Δ˝√ Ôfl¡±1 Î◊¬¬Ûø1› ŒÓ¬›“1 ’±Ú ¤‡Ú
Œ¸Ã1ˆ¬ ‰¬ø˘˝√±1 ·ä1 ’±Ò±1Ó¬ ø˘ø‡Ó¬ ڱȬfl¡ ëÊ√fl¡±˜˚˛í ¬Ûø(˜
¬ı—·1 ¤øȬ ¬Ûø1ø‰¬Ó¬ ڱȬ…√˘ 댷±¬ı1ά±„√± ˜‘√—·À˜í ¬ı±—˘±
’Ú≈¬ı±√Ó¬ ìÂ√±˚˛±fl‘¡Ó¬î Ú±À˜À1 fl≈¡˙˘À1 ¬Ûø1‰¬±˘Ú±Ó¬ ÚÓ≈¬Ú ø√~œ
’±1n∏ ¬Ûø(˜ ¬ı—·1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ˜=Ó¬ ¸√…˝√ÀÓ¬ ¸±Ó¬È¬± õ∂√˙«ÚœÀ1
¬ıU˘ ¸˜‘√Ó¬ Δ˝√ÀÂ√º

fl≈¡˙˘1 ¤È¬± ¸À¬Û±Ú ’±øÂ√˘ ŒÓ¬›“1 ڱȬfl¡1 ¸fl¡À˘±
¸≈ø¬ıÒ±À1 øÚÊ√±¬ı¬ıœ˚˛± ¤È¬± ©Ü≈√øά’í øÔÀ˚˛È¬±1 ˝√›“fl¡º Œfl¡±ÀÚ±
‰¬1fl¡±1œ ¸±˝√±˚…Õ˘ ’±˙± Úfl¡ø1 ¸•Û”Ì« øÚÊ√± ¸“±‰¬Ó¬œ˚˛± ÒÀÚÀ1
¤À√›-≈√À√›Õfl¡ ŒÓ¬›“1 ¸À¬Û±ÚÀȬ±Õ˘ ¬ı≈ø˘ Œ‡±Ê√ Œ¬Û˘±¬ıÕ˘
Œ‰¬©Ü±Ó¬ ¬ıËÓ¬œ Δ˝√ ’±ÀÂ√º

¬ı± ’øˆ¬Ú˚˛1 ˘·Ó¬ Ê√øάˇÓ¬ Δ˝√ ¬ı≈øÊ√ Î◊¬øͬÀÂ√“± Œ˚ ŒÓ¬›“1 Œ˙¯∏Ó¬
¬Ûø1‰¬±˘Ú±Ó¬ ¸√±˚˛ ÚÓ≈¬ÚQ ’±ÀÂ√º ŒÓ¬›“1 ø‰¬ôL±Ó¬ ŒÓ¬›“ øÚÊ√fl¡ ëfl≈¡˙˘fl¡í ¤È¬± ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ¬ıU Œ˘±Àfl¡˝√◊ Œfl¡±ª± qøÚøÂ√À˘±
Δ˘ fl¡1± Ó¬œ˚«fl¡ ¬ı…—·±Rfl¡ õ∂ˆ¬±ª ŒÓ¬›“1 ¬Ûø1‰¬±˘Ú±Ó¬ õ∂±˚˛À¬ı±1
ڱȬfl¡ÀÓ¬ Ù≈¬øȬ Î◊¬Àͬº ڱȬfl¡1 ¬Ûø1‰¬±˘Ú±Ó¬ ø˚Àfl¡±ÀÚ± ø¬ı¯∏˚˛Ó¬ ìÓ≈¬ø˜ &ª±˝√±È¬œÕ˘ Œ˚±ª±î, ëë˝√◊˚˛±Ó¬ ¤ÀÚÕfl¡ ڱȬfl¡ fl¡ø1 øfl¡
ŒÓ¬›“1 ¸1˘ Î◊¬¬Û¶ö±¬ÛÀÚ˝√◊ ˝√í˘ ŒÓ¬›“1 ’Ú…Ó¬˜ ˜”˘ÒÚº Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ˝√í¬ı∑î ìÓ≈¬ø˜ Œfl¡À˜1±1 ˘±˝√◊ÚÓ¬ Œ˚±ª±î, ì˝√◊˜±Ú ¸1n∏ ͬ±˝√◊
Ê√øȬ˘ ø¬ı¯∏˚˛ ¤È¬± ¸1˘ˆ¬±Àª Î◊¬¬Û¶ö±¬ÛÚ fl¡ø1 √˙«fl¡1 ˜±Ê√Õ˘ ¤‡ÚÓ¬ Ó≈¬ø˜ ڱȬfl¡ fl¡ø1 Ô±øfl¡À˘ ŒÓ¬±˜±fl¡ Œfl¡±ÀÚ ø‰¬øÚ ¬Û±¬ı∑î...
Ó¬±1 ¸±1 ’—˙ Δ˘ Œ˚±ª±ÀȬ±Àª˝√◊ ŒÓ¬›“1 ¬Ûø1‰¬±˘Ú±1 õ∂Ô˜ ˝√◊˜±ÚÀ¬ı±1 fl¡Ô± qÚ±1 ¬Û±‰¬ÀÓ¬± ŒÓ¬›“ ’øÓ¬ ‘√ϬˇÓ¬±À1 Δfl¡øÂ√˘ñ
‰¬Ó¬«º ø˚ÀȬ± ¬ıÌ«˜1 ’Ú…Ó¬˜ õ∂À˚±Ê√Ú± ëfl¡±Í¬Ù≈¬˘±í [Δ‰¬˚˛√ ’±s≈˘ ì˚ø√ Œ˜±1 ¸‘ø©Ü˙œ˘Ó¬±Ó¬ ’˘¬Û ˝√íÀ˘› ¸±¬ı«Ê√ÚœÚ ’Ú≈ˆ¬ª
˜±ø˘fl¡1 ·ä], ë¸À¬Û±Ú ø¬ıw±øôL ’±1n∏ Œfl“¡‰¬±˝√◊‡±øȬí, ë˝√◊¬Û±1 ø¸¬Û±1 Ô±Àfl¡, ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛±˝√íÀ˘ ¤ø√Ú ˝√˚˛ÀÓ¬± Œ˜±1 Ê√ø1˚˛ÀÓ¬ ¤˝√◊ ¸1n∏
≈√À˚˛±¬Û±1í, ë÷ù´1 ’±1n∏ ¤Ê√Ú Œ‰¬±1í, 뉬1Ú√±¸ Œ‰¬±1í, ëÎ◊¬˘—· ͬ±˝√◊‡Úfl¡ ¸fl¡À˘±Àª ˆ¬±˘ ¬Û±¬ıºî
1Ê√±í, ë¬Û≈Ó¬˘± ‚1í, 블˚«1 ’øôL˜ øfl¡1Ì1 ¬Û1± õ∂Ô˜ øfl¡1ÌÕ˘í,
ëÊ√fl¡±˜˚˛í [Œ¸Ã1ˆ¬ ‰¬ø˘˝√±1 ·ä] ’±ø√ ڱȬfl¡Ó¬ Œ¬Û±ª± ˚±˚˛º ’±øÊ√ ˜˝√◊ Œ·Ã1ª±øi§Ó¬ fl≈¡˙˘1 fl¡˜«fl¡ Δ˘º ŒÓ¬›“1 fl¡±˜
Œ˙¯∏Ó¬ ’±˜±1 ¬ı±À¬ı Ó¬Ô± ’¸˜1 ¬ı±À¬ı ˆ¬±˘˘·± fl¡Ô± Œ˚ ¬ıÓ¬«˜±Ú ø¬ı˜”Ó¬« Δ˝√ ’±ÀÂ√ ˚ø√› Œ˜±1 ø¬ıù´±¸, ¤ø√Ú ¤˝√◊ fl¡˜«˝√◊
ŒÓ¬›“À1 ø˘ø‡Ó¬ ڱȬfl¡ ë’fl¡±È¬… ¸Ó¬…í ¬ıÓ¬«˜±ÀÚ ø˝√μœ ˆ¬±¯∏±Ó¬ ¸≈fl¡œ˚˛± ’±øô¶Q ¬ı˝√Ú fl¡ø1¬ıº Œ˜±1 ’±È¬±˝√◊Ó¬Õfl¡ ά±„√1 ’Ú≈ˆ¬ª
˝√í˘ñ ŒÓ¬›“1 fl¡±˜ ¸√±˚˛ øÚ–¶§±Ô« ˜ÀÚ±ˆ¬±ª1º ¸±—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡
˜±Úø¸fl¡Ó¬±À1 øÚÀÊ√ Ê√œªÚ ˚±¬ÛÚ fl¡1±1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ Ú-Ú ø˙fl¡±1n∏fl¡
¤øȬ ¸≈¶ö ‘√ø©Üˆ¬—·œ ø√¬ı1 ¬ı±À¬ı ŒÓ¬›“ ‘√Ϭˇ õ∂øÓ¬:º ¸˜±Ê√1
¸fl¡À˘± ˘í1±-ŒÂ√±ª±˘œÀ˚˛ ˚ø√ ά±Mê1, ˝√◊ø?ÚœÀ˚˛1, ’Ò…±¬Ûfl¡1
˘·ÀÓ¬ ’±øÔ«fl¡ ¸≈1鬱1 ¬ı±À¬ı ø˚Àfl¡±ÀÚ± fl¡±ø1fl¡1œ fl¡˜«1 ˘·Ó¬
Ê√øάˇÓ¬ Δ˝√ ¬ÛÀ1, ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛±˝√íÀ˘ ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬1 ¬Û”Ê√± Œfl¡±ÀÚ fl¡ø1¬ı∑
Œ¸À˚˛ ŒÓ¬›“1 √À1 ’±1n∏ √˝√Ê√Ú øÚ–¶§±Ô« ¸±—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ ¬Û”Ê√±1œ1
Ê√ij ˝√›“fl¡º ø˚À˚˛ ’ø¬ı1Ó¬ ¸±ÒÚ±Ó¬ ¬ıËÓ¬œ Δ˝√ Ê√œªÚ Ó¬Ô±
¸˜±Ê√1 õ∂øÓ¬ÀȬ± ø√˙ Î◊¬ƒ√˚±¬ÛÚ fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û±À1º

Address : Biswahnath Chariali, Santipur, L.B. Road, Pin: 784176
Phone : 8133804978

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’¸˜œ˚±˛ ø‰¬ÀÚ˜±1 –≈√ ¸˜˚˛

Œ˝√˜‰¬f ¬ı1±

’¸˜œ˚˛± ø‰¬ÀÚ˜±1 ¬ı˚˛¸ 87 ¬ıÂ√1 ’øÓ¬Sê˜ fl¡ø1À˘º ¸‰¬“±Õfl¡À˚˛ ’±˜±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ¤fl¡ ˆ¬±ø¬ı¬ı ŒÚ±ª±1± ’—fl¡º
õ∂Ô˜‡Ú ’¸˜œ˚˛± ø‰¬ÀÚ˜± Ê√˚˛˜Ó¬œ øÚ˜«±Ì fl¡1±1 ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ˝◊˚˛±1 Ó≈¬˘Ú±Ó¬ ’±=ø˘fl¡ ˆ¬±¯∏±1 ‰¬˘ø‰¬S ¸˜”˝√1 øÚ˜«±Ì
1+¬ÛÀfl¡“±ª1 ŒÊ√…±øÓ¬õ∂¸±√ ’±·1ª±˘±˝◊ ø˚ Ê√ij ˚±LaÚ±Ó¬ ˆ≈¬ø·øÂ√˘,
Ó¬±Ó¬Õfl¡ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± &ÀÌ fl¡˜± Ú±˝◊ ¬ıM√«˜±Ú1 õ∂À˚˛±Ê√fl¡ ¸fl¡˘1 ¬ı…˚˛ ˝◊˜±ÀÚ˝◊ ø¸ø˜Ó¬ Œ˚ ¬ı‘˝√» ø˝√øμ ø‰¬ÀÚ˜±1 ˘·Ó¬ ŒÙ¬1 ˜±ø1
˚±La̱º ¬Û±Ô«fl¡… ˜±ÀÔ“± ¤È¬±˝◊º 1+¬ÛÀfl¡“±ªÀ1 ¸‘ø©Ü1 ˜±ÀÊ√À1, √˙«fl¡fl¡ ’±fl¡¯∏«Ì fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ¸é¬˜ Ú˝√˚˛º Ó¬±À1±¬Ûø1 ˝◊˚˛±1 ¬ıÊ√±1
¸—¶¥®øÓ¬1 ˜±ÀÊ√À1 fl¡Ô±Â√ø¬ı1 ˜±ÀÊ√À1 ’¸˜œ˚˛± ¸—¶¥®øÓ¬fl¡ Ê√·Ó¬ ’øÓ¬ ø¸ø˜Ó¬ Œ˝√±ª±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ø¬ıøÚÀ˚˛±· fl¡1± ˜≈˘ÒÚ ø‡øÚ› ‚≈1±˝◊
¸ˆ¬±Õ˘ øÚ˚˛±1 ¸À¬Û±Ú Œ√ø‡øÂ√˘ñ ’±1n∏ ¤øÓ¬˚˛±1 ’¸˜œ˚˛± Œ¬Û±ª±ÀȬ± ¬ıM√«˜±Ú ˆ¬±ø¬ı¬ı ŒÚ±ª±1± fl¡Ô± Δ˝√ ¬Ûø1ÀÂ√º ’¸˜œ˚˛±
Â√ø¬ı øÚ˜«±Ó¬± ¸fl¡À˘ Œ√ø‡ÀÂ√ ’¸˜œ˚˛± ø‰¬ÀÚ˜±1 ¤fl¡ ’gfl¡±1 ’±1n∏ ’Ú…±Ú… ¶ö±Úœ˚˛ ˆ¬±¯∏±Ó¬ øÚø˜«Ó¬ [¬ıÀ1±, fl¡±ø¬ı«, ø˜ø‰¬— ˝◊Ó¬…±ø√]
’±‰¬iß ˆ¬øª¯∏…Ó¬1 ¸À¬Û±Úº ’ªÀ˙… Œfl¡˝◊·1±fl¡œ˜±Ú Œ¸Ãˆ¬±·…¬ı±Ú ‰¬˘ø‰¬S ¸˜”˝√fl¡ ¬ıM√«˜±Ú Î◊¬À√…±· ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡í¬ıÕ˘Àfl¡± √≈‡√ ˘·±
ø‰¬SøÚ˜«±Ó¬± ¤˝◊ Ò±1±1 ¬Û1± øfl¡Â≈√ ¬ı…øÓ¬Sê˜ ŒÚ±À˝√±ª± Ú˝√˚˛º ’ª¶ö± ¬Û±˝◊ÀÂ√ Δ·º

¸¬ıı« ˆ¬±1Ó¬œ˚˛ Œõ∂鬱¬ÛȬӬ øÊ√ø˘øfl¡ Ôfl¡± ø˝√μœ ø‰¬ÀÚ˜±1 ’±øÊ √œ‚«ø√Ú Òø1 ’¸˜1 ø‰¬S øÚ˜«±Ó¬± ø˙äœ, fl¡˘±-
Î◊¬À√…±·ÀȬ± Œ¬ı±Ò˝√˚˛ ¬Û‘øÔªœ1 øˆ¬Ó¬1ÀÓ¬ ¤È¬± ¬ı‘˝√» Î◊¬À√…±·º fl≈¡˙˘œ ’±1n∏ ¸À‰¬Ó¬Ú 1±˝◊ÀÊ√ ‰¬1fl¡±11 ›‰¬1Ó¬ ¤‡Ú ¸≈¶ö ‰¬˘ø‰¬S
˝◊˚˛±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ø¬ıøÚÀ˚˛±· fl¡1± ÒÚ ’Ô¬ı± ˝◊˚˛±1 øÚ˜«±Ì ¬ı…˚˛ ’±1n∏ ÚœøÓ¬1 õ∂Ì˚˛Ú1 fl¡±1ÀÌ √±¬ıœ Ê√Ú±˝◊ ’±ø˝√ÀÂ√º ˜ø1¬ıÀ˘ Ò1± ¤˝◊
˜≈øMê Œ¬Û±ª±1 ˘À· ˘À· ‚≈ø1 ’˝√± ÒÚ1 ¬Ûø1˜±Ì [ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏Õfl¡ Î◊¬À√…±·ÀȬ±1 ¬ı±À¬ı õ∂Ì˚˛Ú Œ˝√±ª± ¤˝◊ ‰¬˘ø‰¬S ÚœøÓ¬1 ¡Z±1±
¬ıø˘Î◊¬Î¬1 Mainstream ¬ı≈ø˘ ‡…±Ó¬ fl¡Ô±Â√ø¬ı1 Œé¬SÓ¬] ’±=ø˘fl¡ ˆ¬±¯∏±1 Â√ø¬ı øÚ˜«±Ì ’±1n∏ ˝◊˚˛±1 ¬ı±À¬ı õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Ú Œ˝√±ª±
¬ıÊ√±1ñ ¤˝◊ ≈√À˚˛±È¬± ø√˙ÀÓ¬ ‰¬1fl¡±11 ’±ôLø1fl¡Ó¬± ’øÓ¬

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õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Úœ˚˛ ø¬ı¯∏˚˛ Δ˝√ ¬Ûø1ÀÂ√º ¤˙ ¤¬ı≈ø1 ¸˜¸…±1 ˜±Ê√Ó¬ ¤‡Ú é¬øÓ¬ ¸±ÒÚ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º 1986 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ ¤˝◊ ø˘‡fl¡1 ¡Z±1± øÚø˜«Ó¬
ø‰¬ÀÚ˜± ˝√˚˛ÀÓ¬± øÚ˜±«Ì ˝√í¬ı øfl¡c ˝◊˚˛±1 õ∂√˙«Ú1 ¬ı±À¬ı √˙«fl¡1 븗fl¡äí Ú±˜1 Â√ø¬ı‡Ú1 5Ȭ± øõ∂∞Ȭ ø1ø˘Ê√ Δ˝√øÂ√˘ ¤Àfl¡˘À·
›‰¬1Õ˘ Δ˘ Œ˚±ª±1 Î◊¬¬Û±˚˛ Ú˝√íÀ˘ ˝◊ ¤È¬± Î◊¬À√…±· ˝√í¬ıÀÚ∑ ø1ø˘Ê√ Œ˝√±ª± Œ‰¬∞Ȭ±1¸˜”˝√ ’±øÂ√˘ &ª±˝√±È¬œ, Œ˚±1˝√±È¬,
’±ø˜ ’¸˜1 øˆ¬Ó¬1n∏ª± ’=˘ ¸˜”˝√Ó¬ 400-500 Ê√Ú √˙«fl¡ ›√±˘&ø1, 1ø„√˚˛± ’±1n∏ Ú·±›“º øfl¡c ¤øÓ¬˚˛± ˝◊˚˛±1 ¸•Û”Ì«
¬ıø˝√¬ı ¬Û1±Õfl¡ fl¡À˜› 100 Ȭ± ø˜øÚ ø‰¬ÀÚ˜± ˝√˘ øÚ˜«±Ì1 ¬ı±À¬ı ›À˘±È¬± Â√ø¬ıº 1ø„√˚˛±, ›√±˘&ø1 ¬ı± Œfl¡±fl¡1±Á¬±1Ó¬ ’¸˜œ˚˛±
√±¬ıœ Ê√ÀÚ±ª±1 ø¬Û‰¬ÀÓ¬± ‰¬1fl¡±À1 ˝◊˚˛±1 ¬ı±À¬ı õ∂±1øyfl¡ ø‰¬ôL± ø‰¬ÀÚ˜± Ú‰¬À˘º &ª±˝√±È¬œ, Ú·±›“ ’±ø√ ͬ±˝◊Ó¬ ø˜ø‰¬—, fl¡±ø¬ı« ¬ı±
‰¬‰¬«±Õfl¡ Úfl¡ø1À˘º Ó¬±À1±¬Ûø1 ¬Û≈1̱ Â√ø¬ı‚1 ø¬ı˘±Àfl¡± ÚÓ≈¬ÚÕfl¡ ¬ıÀάˇ± ˆ¬±¯∏±1 Â√ø¬ı Ú‰¬À˘º ·øÓ¬Àfl¡ ’±=ø˘fl¡ ˆ¬±¯∏±Ó¬ Â√ø¬ı øÚ˜«±Ì
¸Ê√±˝◊ ¬Û1±˝◊ √˙«fl¡1 ¸≈ø¬ıÒ±Ê√Úfl¡ ˆ¬±Àª øÚ˜«±Ì fl¡ø1 Î◊¬ø˘˚˛±˝◊ fl¡ø1 √˙«fl¡1 ’ˆ¬±ªÓ¬ ˝◊ &√±˜ ‚1ÀÓ¬ ’±|˚˛ ˘¬ıÕ˘ ¬ı±Ò…
ø√˚˛±1 √±ø˚˛Q › ‰¬1fl¡±À1 ¢∂˝√Ì fl¡ø1¬ı1 fl¡±1ÀÌ √±¬ıœ Î◊¬O±ø¬ÛÓ¬ ˝√˚˛Õ·º
Δ˝√ ’±ø˝√ÀÂ√º øfl¡c ’øÓ¬ ¬Ûø1Ó¬±¬Û1 fl¡Ô± Œ˚ ‰¬1fl¡±11
’˜ÀÚ±À˚±ø·Ó¬± Ó¬Ô± ’ªÀ˝√˘±1 fl¡±1ÀÌ˝◊ 1±˝◊Ê√1 ¤˝◊ √±¬ıœ 1997-98 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ ’¸˜ ‰¬1fl¡±11 ¡Z±1± ¤‡Ú Film
Œfl¡ª˘ ’1Ì…√ Œ1±√ÚÕ˘ ¬Û˚«…ªø¸Ó¬ Œ˝√±ª±ÀȬ± Ú˝√˚˛ñ ’±·À1 Policy ΔÓ¬˚˛±1 Δ˝√øÂ√˘ ˚ø√› ‰¬1fl¡±11 ¸ø√2Â√±1 ’ˆ¬±ªÓ¬ ˝◊
¬Û1± Ôfl¡± ’¸˜1 õ∂±˚˛ 150 Ȭ± Â√ø¬ı‚11 øˆ¬Ó¬1Ó¬ õ∂±˚˛ˆ¬±· ¤‡Ú ’¬Ûø1¬Û!¡ ’±1n∏ ’¬ı±ø=Ó¬ ’±˝◊ÚÓ¬ ¬Ûø1ÌÓ¬ ˝√í˘ ’±1n∏
Â√ø¬ı‚1ÀÓ¬ Ó¬˘± ›˘ø˜˘º Ú·1œ˚˛± ’=˘Ó¬ ’±Ò≈øÚfl¡ ˆ¬±Àª ’¸˜1 ø‰¬ÀÚ˜± Î◊¬À√…±·ÀȬ±1 Î◊¬iß˚˛ÚÓ¬ ˝◊ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± Ò1Ì1 ’ø1˝√Ú±
Cinemax ΔÓ¬˚˛±1 Δ˝√ÀÂ√ ˚ø√› ˝◊ ’¸˜œ˚˛± ’Ô¬ı± ’Ú…±Ú… Œ˚±·±¬ı ŒÚ±ª±ø1À˘º
’±=ø˘fl¡ Â√ø¬ı1 ¬ıÊ√±1 ¸‘ø©ÜÓ¬ õ∂ˆ¬±ª Œ¬Û˘±¬ı ¬Û1± Ú±˝◊º
’øÓ¬ ¸•xøÓ¬ ’¸˜ øÙ¬{√j Ù¬±˝◊ÀÚk ¤G ŒÎ¬ˆ¬˘¬ÛÀ˜∞Ȭ
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ë¬ı±Àg±ÚíÀfl¡ Òø1 ’±1n∏ ‰¬±ø1‡Ú Â√ø¬ı øÚ˜±« Ì1 Œé¬SÓ¬ ά◊ À√…±· ¢∂˝√Ì
fl¡1±ÀȬ± ’¸˜1 ’±=ø˘fl¡ ˆ¬±¯∏±Ó¬ øÚø˜«Ó¬ Â√ø¬ı1 Œé¬SÓ¬ ¤fl¡
’±˙±1 ¬ıÓ¬1± fl¡øϬˇ˚˛±˝◊ ’Ú± ¬ı≈ø˘ ˆ¬±ø¬ı¬ı ¬Û1± ˚±˚˛ ˚ø√› -
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Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ’ªfl¡±˙ Ú±˝◊º ø˚À˝√Ó≈¬ ¤˝◊ Â√ø¬ı ¸˜”˝√ ’¸˜1 øˆ¬Ó¬1n∏ª±
’=˘1 √˙«Àfl¡ Î◊¬¬ÛÀˆ¬±· fl¡1±1 Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¸≈ ¬ı…ª¶ö± Ú±˝◊º ’ªÀ˙…
’±øÔ«fl¡ ’ڱȬÚÓ¬ Ú¬Û1±Õfl¡ ¸≈¶ö ’±1n∏ Î◊¬ißÓ¬ ˜±Ú1 ’±=ø˘fl¡ Â√ø¬ı
øÚ˜«±Ì fl¡ø1 øÚ˜«±Ó¬±¸fl¡À˘ ø¬ıÀ√˙1 ¬ıÊ√±1 Òø1¬ıÕ˘ ¸é¬˜ ˝√íÀ˘
ø¬ıøÚÀ˚˛±· fl¡1± ˜≈˘ÒÚ ‚”1±˝◊ Œ¬Û±ª±1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ Œ√˙Õ˘ ¸ij±Ú
fl¡øϬˇ˚˛±˝◊ ’±øÚ¬ı ¬ı≈ø˘ ˆ¬¬ı±1 Ô˘ ’±ÀÂ√º ø¬ı:±Ú1 ’ª√±ÀÚ ’±øÊ√
˜±Úª ¸ˆ¬…Ó¬±fl¡ ‰≈¬Î¬ˇ±ôL ¬Û˚…±˚˛Õ˘ Δ˘ Δ·ÀÂ√º ‰¬˘ø‰¬S øÚ˜«±Ì1
Œé¬SÀÓ¬± ÚÓ≈¬Ú ÚÓ≈¬Ú õ∂˚≈øMê1 ¬ı…ª˝√±1 Δ˝√ÀÂ√º Œ‰¬˘≈˘˚˛Î¬1 ͬ±˝◊Ó¬
øάøÊ√ÀȬ˘ øÙ¬{√j Δ˝√ÀÂ√º øÚÀ·øȬˆ¬ ŒÚ±À˝√±ª±Õfl¡ øõ∂∞Ȭ ø1ø˘Ê√
Δ˝√ÀÂ√º UFO 1 Ê√ø1˚˛ÀÓ¬ ¤Àfl¡ ¸˜˚˛ÀÓ¬ Œ√˙1 ¸fl¡À˘± ͬ±˝◊ÀÓ¬
øõ∂ø˜˚˛±1 Δ˝√ÀÂ√º Â√ø¬ı ø1ø˘Ê√ Δ˝√ÀÂ√º Â√ø¬ı1 ¬Û±˝◊√À1ø‰¬ ¬ıg Δ˝√ÀÂ√º
¤˝◊ ¸fl¡À˘±À¬ı±1 fl¡±˚«… ø1˜Èƒ¬ fl¡La˘Ó¬ Δ˝√ÀÂ√º øfl¡c Úª õ∂˚≈øMê1
¤˝◊ ¬ÛXøÓ¬Ó¬ ’±˜±1 ’±=ø˘fl¡ ˆ¬±¯∏±1 Â√ø¬ı ¸˜”˝√ Òı—˙1
·˝√ı1Õ˘ ·øÓ¬ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√ ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡À˘› ¤Àfl¡± ˆ≈¬˘ Ú˝√í¬ıº fl¡±1Ì
’±¬Û≈øÚ ˚ø√ ¤‡Ú Â√ø¬ı øÚ˜«±Ì fl¡À1 Œ¸˝◊ Â√ø¬ı‡Ú1 √±ø˚˛Q
Œfl¡±ÀÚ±¬ı± ¤Ê√Ú ø¬ıÓ¬1fl¡fl¡ ø√¬ı ˘±ø·¬ıº ø¬ıÓ¬1Àfl¡ ¬ıÀ•§Ó¬ Ôfl¡±
UFO Œ‰¬∞Ȭ±1Ó¬ ˘·Ó¬ fl¡Ô± ¬ıÓ¬1± ¬Û±øÓ¬ ˜≈øMê1 Ó¬±ø1‡ øͬfl¡
fl¡ø1¬ı ’±1n∏ ¤Àfl¡ø√Ú±˝◊ ’¸˜1 øˆ¬Ú øˆ¬Ú ø‰¬S·‘˝√Ó¬ ˜≈øMê ø√˚˛±1
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Œfl¡ÃøȬ Ȭfl¡±1 ¬ı…ª¸±˚˛ fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û±ø1ÀÂ√º øfl¡c ’¸˜œ˚˛± Â√ø¬ı1 Ò1ÀÌ øÚ˜«±Ì ˝√í√À˘› ’¸˜œ˚˛± Â≈√Ȭœ Â√ø¬ı¸˜”˝√ ø¬ıù´1 õ∂±ÀôL õ∂±ÀôL
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øÚX«±ø1Ó¬ 6-7 Ȭ± Œ‰¬KI◊±1, fl¡±ø¬ı« ˆ¬±¯∏±1 Â√ø¬ı1 ¬ı±À¬ı øÚX«±ø1Ó¬
5-6 Ȭ± Œ‰¬KI◊±1 ’Ô¬ı± ø˜ø‰¬— ˆ¬±¯∏±Ó¬ øÚø˜«Ó¬ Â√ø¬ı1 ¬ı±À¬ı øÚX«±ø1Ó¬ ’¸˜œ˚˛± Â≈√Ȭœ Â√ø¬ı ’Ô¬ı± ¬Û”Ì« Δ√‚«…1 Â√ø¬ıñ ø˚À˚˛˝◊
10-12 Ȭ± Œ‰¬KI◊±1Ó¬ ‰¬˘±1 ø¬Û‰¬Ó¬ ¤Àfl¡±‡Ú Â√ø¬ı ø¡ZÓ¬œ˚˛ ¬ı±11 Ú˝√›fl¡ ‰¬1fl¡±11 ¬Û‘¶öÀ¬Û±¯∏fl¡Ó¬± ’ø¬ı˝√ÀÚ˝◊ Œ˚ ¬Û≈Ì1±˝◊ ·± fl¡ø1
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Assam Film Finance & Development
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87 ¬ıÂ√1œ˚˛± Î◊¬À√…±·ÀȬ± ¤È¬± ¬Û“˚˛±˘·± Î◊¬À√…±· 1+À¬Û˝◊ ø¬ıù´Ó¬ ˝√í¬ıº
ø‰¬ø˝√êÓ¬ Δ˝√ 1í¬ıº

’¸˜œ˚˛± ø‰¬ÀÚ˜± ø˙äÀȬ±1 ¤ÀÚ ¬Û˚˛± ˘·± ’ª¶ö±Ó¬ ¬Ûø1

Address : Jyoti Nagar, Guwahati, Phone : 9864018165

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Œ·±˝√±ø1 ’±Ó¬«Ê√Ú1 ’±¶ö±1 ¶ö˘ fl¡1n∏̱ұ1±

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2011 ‰¬Ú1 12 ŒÙ¬¬ıËn∏ª±1œÓ¬ ’—fl≈¡ø1Ó¬ Œ˝√±ª± ëfl¡1n∏̱ұ1±í, õ∂øÓ¬¬ıgœ ’±1n∏ Ê√øȬ˘ Œ1±·Ó¬ ’±Sê±ôL Œ˘±fl¡¸fl¡˘1
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Î◊¬»¸±ø˝√Ó¬ fl¡À1 ’±1n∏ ˜˝√±Ú ’Ú≈ᬱÚÀȬ±fl¡ qfl¡±˝√◊ ˚±¬ıÕ˘ øÚø√ øÚ1ªø26iß ˆ¬±À¬ı Œ¬ı±ª±˝√◊ 1‡±Ó¬ ¸˝√±˚˛-¬Û1±˜˙« ’±·¬ıϬˇ±˚˛º

Ê√˚˛Ó≈¬ fl¡1n∏̱ұ1±º

Œ˘‡fl¡1 øͬfl¡Ú± – &ª±˝√±È¬œ, ŒÙ¬±Ú Ú— – 9864010215

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CONTENTS

Celebrating Rongali Bihu and Pohela Boishaakh Together Chief Advisor–
Dr. Monideepa Das // 73 Phanindra Kumar

Boons of social media/internet Mukesh Sharma // 78 Devchoudhury
The Ukraine impasse’ Arjun Bhattacharya // 81
Unplugging Economic Diplomacy Diganta Saikia // 84 Chief Editor–
Internet readiness of the Assamese language Challenges and priorities Sushanta J. Sarmah
Satyajit Nath // 88
Umbilical Cord Blood: For self or for altruism? Editor–
Assamese Section
Dr. Tapan Kumar Saikia // 91 Ranjan Goswami
Understanding Allergy – The Associated Facts and Myths
Editor–
Dr Farmida Aman // 94 English Section
Co-passengers in a boat – My life’s dramatic ‘Kushal’ Dr. Monideepa Das

Nibedita Bharali Translated by– Mukesh Sharma // 97 Cover Design
The Danger of A Single Story— Lovely Dutta Prusty // 101 Arup Borkotoky
Face to face with Jyotirmoy Chakravorty // 103
tête-à-tête with Indranee Sharma, Author of Jec and Aabir // 109 Illustration
The new world of digital (aka voice) assistants Pradip Nath

Jagriti Bhattacharyya // 113 Design
How Social Media Can Be Platform For Connecting With Friends and SOFURA
Fellows Who Share Common Interests Assam Book Hive

Mousumee Nath Ojonav Hazarika // 115 Printing
March 1672 : How Lachit Won the Game Abhijay Sarmah // 117 Saraighat Photo Types
Social Media Aarna Chakrabarty // 122
Sattriya Nrittya : In Pursuit of my Passion Pvt. Ltd.

Aarhi Nayana Goswami // 124 Advisors–
Learning to read and write Assamese at a Global (Virtual) Classroom Mukesh sharma,
Pranab Jyoti Borah
Ikshita Sharma // 126
Going Online : The Highs and Lows Aryaman Sharma // 128 Chief Patron–
Hajo Shreeya Phukan // 130 DC Borkotoky
A Trip to The Manas National Park Triparni Das // 133 President, Assam
A Lore from the Days of Yore Ananya Saharia // 135 Association Bangalore
Navigating Through Indian Highways Shanta Gohain Gogoi // 138
Published by
Ranjan Goswami
on behalf of Assam
Association Bangalore

EDITORIAL

Come spring, the season symbolising rebirth, renewal, rejuvenation, resurrection,

regrowth, and like every ‘Khaati Oxomiyaa’, I too am engulfed with the overwhelming
feeling of festivity and the enormous enthusiasm of welcoming the Assamese New
Year.

Although miles away from my home state of Assam, I can still inhale the fragrance of
the fresh flush of tea leaves, visualise the riots of colours brought on by Polaaxh, Modaar,
Krishnachura, Radhachura, Xonaaru, Bhaatou-phul and Kopou-phul. I am transported
to my make-belief world where the melodious cooing of the ‘kuli-soraai’ and the
invigorating beat of the ‘dhol’ reverberating in my ears makes my heart dance with
joy.

In keeping with the festive mood of the month of Bohag, the Assam Association
Bangalore Family comes together every year to celebrate Rongali Bihu in full fervour,
be it physical or virtual, while the Team URULI brings up its Spring Edition and extends
Bihu Greetings to one and all.

It goes without saying that it has been the endeavour of Uruli to present an ensemble
of write-ups that are both interesting and informative. For this edition of Uruli, ‘social
media’ was chosen as the central theme.

The journey of Internet has been a rapid one ever since the “official” birth of the true
Internet which dates back to the 1st of January, 1983. Its evolution since then has been
a never-ending process with the internet evolving into a new version in every few
decades putting us now at the precipice of Web 3.0 or Web3, the newest and smartest
version of the Internet.

There is no denying that in today’s times, thanks to internet, social media has gained
immense popularity, especially among the youth, because of its user-friendly features
of photo and video sharing, social and business networking, blogging and review writing,
virtual meetings, social gaming, etc. To add to it, social media has become an institute
for education where live lectures can be attended from any part of the world at the
click of a key. Apart from being the undisputed hub for advertising, social media has
also become a seat for providing job opportunities. Television has made way for the

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OTT(over-the-top) media services via internet bypassing cable and satellite television
platforms; therefore entertainment is now all about Netflix, Amazon Prime,
Disney+Hotstar, Zee5, Sony Liv and the likes. Let us not even delve into the complicated
topic of electronic governance or e-governance where government services are made
available to citizens through IT.

In a nutshell, we can claim that social media has made it possible to have instant access
across the globe giving us the liberty to say that we now have the world at our fingertips.

However, something of such massive magnitude cannot be all good, because with social
media comes the concerns of content, competition, one-upmanship, race for instant
success and gratification and the list goes on. With the merging of borders, individual
identity with regard to culture and customs are getting lost and the chances of the
young generation being swept away is on the rise with every passing day. As said by
noted American author-journalist Michael Lewis, “There is something bad in everything
good and something good in everything bad”. So, we need to set our priorities right
while making best use of the internet and social media.

Without divulging much, I assure that this edition of Uruli boasts of a good line-up of
articles on the many aspects and facets of social media.

As always, Uruli has strived to maintain consistency and has sincerely aspired to upgrade
the quality of its content. With the aim of catering to the diverse taste of its readers,
we have a wide range of write-ups, such as, on the relevant topics on world politics
and thoughts on the ongoing Ukraine War, on the current global economy scenario, on
preparing the Internet for the Assamese language etc apart from many other important
topics, stories, travels, opinions, etc.

The Kids Section has always been the star attraction of Uruli, with children being the
most sought-after contributors. Their innocent expressions of thoughts and experiences
invariably provide a delightful and enriching read.

I would like to conclude by offering my heartfelt gratitude on behalf of the Editorial
Team, to all the contributors for their brilliant and beautiful write-ups. I must add that
Uruli has become an integral part of my life over the last decade and Team Uruli has
always worked with great camaraderie which is why Uruli has ‘grown’ with every edition.

Allow me to admit that it is easier to write than to edit, why else would eminent author
Stephen King say, “To write is human, to edit is divine.”

I humbly request the esteemed readers to kindly pardon the lapses that may have
remained despite my sincere efforts.

Happy reading !

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72

Celebrating Rongali Bihu and
Pohela Boishaakh Together

Dr. Monideepa Das

Sona who had just turned 11, loved spending slept off. So, tonight, the plan was for some
time with her Mona Jethaai (mom’s elder sister) chatting and catching up.
and they bonded like best friends despite over
four decades of age difference between them. Sona initiated the conversation by sharing
She was very happy that her Jethaai had finally how things had changed since the pandemic,
arrived after more than a year for a two-week about online classes and occasional chats with
stay with them. friends over video calls, about jamming with her
three best friends and performing for the first
Whenever Jethaai would come visiting, Sona time at a recent function, as the vocalist of their
would move into the guest room, so that they newly formed band, the FAB4.
could either have long chit-chats or play a couple
of rounds of Ludo before finally retiring for the As usual, jethaai listened patiently,
night. responding now and then. The conversation next
10th March 2021; 10:00 pm moved on to the topic of the new craze of K-pop.
Realising that jethaai had not the faintest clue
It was their second night together; Jethaai about it, Sona sang one of the songs of the Korean
had been too tired the previous night and had band to give an idea about the genre. It was a

73

catchy number and her Jethaai started humming living like one blissfully happy family, embracing
along. each other’s customs, traditions, food and
festivals since many many years. Arun Kaku and
This prompted Sona to demand, “Jethaai… Bulu Khura were best friends since their
please, please, please sing a song… please…???!!!” childhood. Thamma was just as fond of Mona
Mona had no option but to succumb to her as Aita was of Lopa and vice versa. While
coaxing. As low as she could keep her voice, she communication was pretty much smooth among
sang an old but popular Bihu Geet and they both all else, it was always extremely amusing to
clapped to keep the beat. The infectious rhythm hear Thamma and Aita struggling to speak in the
and energy of the Bihu Geet aroused Sona’s other’s language.
curiosity about Rongali Bihu and she began
bombarding Jethaai with questions about how There were just four days left for Rongali
she had celebrated it during her childhood. Bihu; the distant sounds of dhol and pepaa had
already filled the air setting the mood for the
It looked to Mona, that the night ahead celebrations of this colourful harvest festival.
would be a long one, as the aunt-niece duo
boarded the “Time Machine” and travelled back The following day, Lopa’s aunt, Khukhu Jethi-
to when Mona had been a chirpy 11-year old ma and her cousins Kuhu and Keya arrived from
herself. Kolkata, thereby completing the group of 12
energetic kids ranging from 6-13 years. The elders
April 1978 fondly called them the ‘Darling Dozen’.
The first terminal exams were over
The festivities of Bohaag or Rongali Bihu,
and Bohaag or Rongali Bihu was just around the also called Xaat Bihu (7-Bihus) extend over
corner. Mona and her brother Baba were excited a month; but Goru Bihu and Maanuh Bihu were
about going to Koka-Aita’r Ghor to celebrate the the only ones that were of interest to the
festival with their grandparents. The journey children. Mona and the girls would be delighted
through the familiar roads from Dibrugarh to to watch Jeng Bihu performed by ladies dressed
Sonari always seemed much longer than usual. in beautiful Muga MekhelaaSaador who would
gather in an open field around a bamboo bush
Finally, from the main road they caught sight during the day, sing, dance and make merry.
of their beautiful ancestral home and were not
at all surprised to see Koka pacing up and down They would wait eagerly for the Huchori
the large front verandah, as if impatient for their groups to arrive in the evenings and perform the
arrival. As soon as the charcoal-grey ambassador special form of Bihu dance in the front courtyard.
drew up to the porch, Baba almost sprang out At the end of the performance, at Koka’s
and jumped straight into Koka’s arms. insistence, Deuta would take on the role of the
grihosto or head of the household and offer Paan-
By then Aita, three sets of Khura-Khuri and Taamul and cash on a Xoraai and everyone would
six cousins had all assembled to welcome them. seek blessings.
After exchanging the customary hugs, Mona
looked across the main road, the famous Dhodar The 13th of April marked Goru Bihu.
Ali, and as expected, saw Lopa and her brother Be it for farming or for providing milk and
Alok standing behind their gate and waving milk-products, cattle have always been an integral
frantically. She waved back happily. The next part of almost every household in the rural and
seven days would be full of fun. suburban parts of Assam. Hence, as a gesture of
respect and gratitude, the last day of the Sot/
The Dutta and Bose households had been

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Chaitra month of the lunar calendar is dedicated helper, had strung pieces of bottle gourd, brinjal,
towards showing reverence to cattle. ash gourd, bitter gourd into bamboo skewers and
placed them on the dolaa; they had also made
Like the rest of the Darling Dozen, Mona garlands with the vegetables for the cows and
woke up feeling excited about the eventful day calves.
ahead. The first thing they did was troop to
the Gohaali-ghor(cowshed) where Kusnu, who The Gohaali-ghor had been cleaned, walls
tended to the cattle, was preparing to take the and floor swept with a fresh coat of mud-dung
cows and calves all the way to the Taokak river mix and a few branches of Digholoti-Maakhioti
for their ritualistic bath. His brother Biru would had been tucked on the under-surface of the
come along to help. The task of accompanying the thatched roof.
children to the riverside fell on the able shoulders
of Bulu Khura and Arun Kaku. When Kusnu and Biru returned from the
riverside, the entire family gathered around the
The tradition was to celebrate Goru cows, stroked them respectfully and put the
Bihu, especially the bathing of cattle, as a garlands around their neck. The cows were then
community event. Therefore, the cattle belonging fed with the vegetables to the tune of “Laau khaa,
to most of the families of Sonari town were Bengena khaa, bosor’e bosor’e baarhi jaa…
brought to the riverside. The place was quite Maa’re xoru Baap’ere xoru, toi hobi borgoru”,
crowded. Kusnu and Biru had already arrived with basically urging them to eat the vegetables so
their small herd comprising Bogee, Kolee, that they would outgrow their parents.
Paakhori, Maakoni, Nondinee and three calves.
Kusnu replaced the old poghaa or harness
The fun began with ‘Mona & Co.’ taking with a new one. Thereafter, the cows were left
handfuls of Maah-Haalodhi, the pastes made of to graze in the nearby field. Aita gifted Gaamusa
soaked black gram and raw turmeric, scrubbing and a set of new clothes each to Kusnu and Biru
and bathing the cows, splashing water at them as a token of appreciation for taking good care of
and at each other. Aita had explained that the the cows. They were very happy to receive pocket
reason behind using the organic scrubs was to money from all the elders of the family.
ensure that the cattle remain free from any kind
of skin ailments throughout the year ahead. Later in the evening, when the cows
returned to the shed, they were fed pithaa, the
Once bathed, Kusnu and Biru gently and quintessential Assamese homemade sweet-snack.
playfully whipped the cows with small branches As the last act of the day, the Gohaali was
of the natural insect repellent leaves, namely organically fumigated by burning rice husks along
Digholoti, Maakhioti and Tonglati while the with Digholoti and Maakhioti leaves so as to keep
children sang, “Digholoti dighol paat, maakhi mosquitoes and pests away.
maaru jaat jaat”.
In the afternoon, Mona and the girls had
The boys were keen on watching Kukura-jooj applied freshly ground paste of the jetukaapaat
(cock fight), Koni-jooj (egg fight), some games that (henna) on each other’s nails and palms. Mona
have been a part of the festival and although was particularly fond of the colour and the
they were totally drenched, the girls joined the fragrance of jetukaa and that night she dozed off
boys. Bulu Khura and Arun Kaku of course, waited while gazing admiringly at the large, bright orange
indulgently while the children hung around a little spot on her palm.
longer.
The following day was a day of dual
In the meantime, Aita and Padma, her celebration; that of Maanuh Bihu and Pohelaa

75

Boishakh. The first day of the month of Bohaag/ we call it, was a prayer to Lord Shiva to ward off
Boishakh marks the beginning of the Assamese the dangers and damages from the rains anf
as well as Bengali New Year and this auspicious thunderstorms and protect the house from such
day is all about spending quality time with family. natural calamities.

The word ‘Maanuh’ stands for the ancestral One of the traditions associated with Bohaag
spirits and the elders of the family. Mona’s day Bihu, that Mona fondly remembered was that all
started with applying the customary Maah- the handmade hand-fans or bisonee that had
Haalodhi paste before bath followed by dressing been put away after last summer were brought
up in a pretty new frock. Thereafter, she chose a out, rinsed and used for the first time on this
corner of the large Guxhaai Ghor(place of prayer day, indicating the approach of summer.
in the house) and sat quietly, observing all the
activities. Another significant tradition was the stir-fry
prepared with exho-ek bidh xaak, that is, 101
Aita removed the old Gaamusa from the varieties of edible greens. Although it seemed
Thaan and draped a new one. Maa and Anubha practically impossible to get 101 varieties, Padma
Khuri made the offerings of Maah–Proxaad would collect as many as she could from the
and Paayoxh(rice pudding) while Anju Khuri and kitchen garden. This Xaak Bhaaji seemed like a
Mamoni Khuri lit the Saaki-gosaa(diyas). Finally, bolus dose of vitamins and minerals eaten to
everyone joined in and prayed together singing ensure good health for the entire year.
verses from the Kirtan-Ghoxhaa.
For as long as Mona could remember, lunch
This was followed by seeking blessings from on Notun Bosor or Pohelaa Boishakh would be at
the elders. The children were very happy to Lopa’s place. Everyone from Dutta family would
receive gifts from everyone. Since morning, arrive at Bose’s home for a hearty meal. It would
almost the same activities had been going on at feel a bit weird to be formally welcomed to a
Lopa’s end too. home where they could arrive unannounced at
any time on other days. But this auspicious day
On the new year day, Mona’s Koka would be was special.
busy doing what he does best. His handwriting
was so beautiful that his manuscripts invariably Warm embraces and greetings of Shubho
looked like printed scripts. In the Assamese Nobo Borsho were exchanged at the entrance
language, aakhor or good handwriting is which had been decorated with a beautiful alpona
compared with baakhor or gems. And Koka‘s (pattern drawn on the floor using paste of rice
handwriting was exactly that. The children would
crowd around and watch Koka intently while he
sorted out the best of the long, slender Naahor
(Indian Rose Chestnut) leaves from the branch
and on them, with a sharp nib, in his neat
handwriting, wrote the verse, ”Debo Debo
Mohaadebo NilogriboJotaadhoro, Baatoh Brishti
Horo Debo Traahi Debo, Nomostute.” Up next, he
knotted the stalks of these leaves in a particular
manner stringing them to a thread, two ends of
which were tied to the two sides at the top of
the door. The inscription on the duwaar-doli as

76

flour) by Minu Kaki-ma. Everyone, old and young, Mangsho, Maach Bhaaja, Kaaccha Aam’er Ombol
looked bright and beautiful in their new clothes. and of course, Mona’s favourite Ilish Bhapa. The
The timeless custom of touching the feet of the special Xaak Bhaaji and Paayoxh prepared in the
elders seeking aashirbaad had been beautifully Dutta household were brought over to be relished
imbibed by the children. by all.

Maa and Khuris presented Thakurda and Tummies filled with yummies, the children
Kaku with the Bihuwan or Phulaam Gaamusa, lazed on the bed and discussed about the year
which is the distinctive symbol of cultural pride ahead and made plans for the next holidays when
of each and every Assamese. they would get together again.

Aita gifted Thamma a Gaamusa with Hori- Goodbyes were always tearful, but as far as
Ram woven all over for her Pujo Ghor while they were concerned, there was the ‘looking
Thamma gifted Aita the new Ponjika, a book with forward to’ for the next holiday and the eager
dates of important auspicious days and anticipation of meeting again.
astrological forecasts of the upcoming year.
But, in this context, coming back to the
Pohelaa Boishakh was especially exciting for present meant a point of no return for Mona and
Mona and the rest of the Darling Dozen not just her heart wanted to hold on to those precious
because of the variety of dishes prepared but moments of childhood. However, better sense
also because of the way lunch was served. Mats prevailed and albeit with reluctance, she took the
were placed on the floor on both sides of the seat beside Sona on the “Time Machine” and
large veranda adjacent to the kitchen and children embarked on the return trip to the present.
sat facing each other, six on each side.
11th March 2021; 12:30 am
Maa and Khuris joined Kaki-ma and Jethi- “Jethaai, I wish I was born many years ago,
ma in serving the dishes which included Bhaat,
Bashonti Pulao, Chanar Dal, DhokarDaalna, Kosha maybe as your cousin or friend, so that I too
could have had as much fun as you did during
Rongali Bihu.

The celebration here at Guwahati is way too
uninteresting… It is just the Bihu Melas and
Bihu tolis scattered across the city… Bihu
functions and huge crowds… Bihu Kunwori
competitions and celebrity performances… blaring
music 24×7.”

Her sleepy voice waned and before she could
say more, she gave a big yawn and fell asleep.

Mona looked lovingly at the sweet smile
lingering on Sona’s lips, as if in her dreams, she
and her friends were bathing the cattle by the
riverside and splashing water at each other.

Bangalore

The story was published earlier in a leisure digital magazine by the name East India
Story, published weekly with the of objective of presenting the eastern region of
India on a global media. “https://eastindiastory.com/“Phone No. :09810254583

77

Boons of social media/internet

Mukesh Sharma

Did you know there are about 500 crores about looking at it through some different
internet users and about 460 crores active social perspectives?
media users in this world, out of a population of
about 790 crores? I recently read about this concept of
‘Consumer vs Creator’. Majority of the people
Study says out of all these users, approx. 33 are consumers of content provided by internet/
crores people will potentially suffer from Internet social media. If you want to use the full power of
addiction in 2022. the net, consider becoming a creator. A creator
of content/services that can be shared with others
And these numbers are increasing! for free or for a fee.
Social media addiction is a behavioral
addiction characterized as being overly concerned I am going to share a few thoughts around
about social media and driven by an how internet and social media can be used
uncontrollable urge to log on to or use social positively to help us lead a better life.
media. Social media addicts spend so much time
on their social apps that it impairs other Would you be interested to know how you
important life areas. can learn any subjects from some of the top
However, the subject of this article is not universities in the world free?
about internet or social media addiction. Most
users look at social media for entertainment. How Would it help to know if you could earn a
substantial amount of money sitting at home
anywhere in the world?

78

Then read on. It is a vast subject and I will computer (either a desktop or a laptop), you can
confine myself to a few uses that I think would earn any amount of money you desire. Literally
be of most help to you. sky is the limit. You may already be aware of
people making money throughyoutube or
A. Learning: Instagram and you perhaps believe that only
We all know how the internet is used these celebrities can earn money through these ways.
days regularly for learning activities. During the The truth is far from it. Any so called ordinary,
entire pandemic in the last two years, it is the average person can harness the power of the net
virtual classes that kept the learning activities to earn a decent income. What is required is
going. Let us explore some other ways learning perseverance and consistent work. Let me share
activities can be taken up through social media a few options here.
and internet.
Have you heard of MOOC (Massive Open i) Amazon – You probably are aware of the
Online Courses)? site named Amazon (www.amazon.in). There are
A massive open online course (MOOC) is all kinds of ways to make money using Amazon,
an online course aimed at unlimited participation depending on where your interests lie, and what
and open access via the Web. In addition to you are good at. One thing is for certain – many
traditional course materials, such as filmed entrepreneurs have turned Amazon into a
lectures, readings, and problem sets, many successful online income source. You can use
MOOCs provide interactive courses with user amazon to sell your own stuff as well as stuff of
forums or social media discussions to support others, not just in India but across the world.
community interactions among students, Check their ‘sell on amazon’ and other programs.
professors, and teaching assistants (TAs), as well Amazon will provide all the help required to help
as immediate feedback to quick quizzes and you sell on their platforms. Selling on Amazon
assignments. can be extremely profitable if done the write way.
You can take up courses almost on any You could also checkout Flipkart who have similar
subject, in some of the top universities like programs.
Harvard, Oxford, Yale, IIMs etc. You get access to
some top-quality materials for free (you can get ii) As a freelancer: One of the easiest ways
a certificate by paying a small fee). Some very is to become a freelancer providing various
popular sites where you can check out such services. You can provide your services as a writer,
courses are www.coursera.org, www.edx.org etc. web-designer, project manager, translator, even
Please check out the link below for a as mundane as internet researcher. There are sites
comprehensive list of providers of such courses. which will facilitate you to connect with buyers
List of MOOC providers - Wikipedia of these services. Check out sites like www.
Besides these, you can get a lot of learning upwork.com, www.freelancer.in, www.fiverr.com,
videos free in sites like Youtube, LinkedIn etc. www.guru.com

B. Earning iii) As an affiliate: Affiliate programs are a
This is something that either most people very valuable way to make money online and best
ignore or are not aware of. of all its easy and requires no cash layout on your
No matter where you are located in this part. Affiliate programs involve promoting the
world, if you have access to the net and a products of other website and you are paid a
commission for sales that occur as a result of you
promoting the site.

There are thousands of different affiliate

79

programs that you can promote. You can choose C. Networking:
one affiliate or many that sell similar products. If you are the type who want to connect
For example, let’s say you want to sell high quality with people from different parts of the country/
jewellery; then you could find several affiliates world and exchange ideas, the internet would be
who fit your criteria and promote some or all of the best possible media for this.
their products. You earn commissions and you Did you know there are groups in Facebook/
never have to find wholesalers or carry stock. It’s LinkedIn on almost every possible interest?
a win-win for both parties. Depending on your interest, you could join some
of these groups and get connected with like
It’s important that you take the time to do minded people instantly. Once connected, you
some research and choose the right affiliate(s) could use these relationships to learn more on
for you and your goals. Some affiliates have the subject. Heck, you could end up doing
products that sell fast but for small commissions, business or learning a new way to earn money.
while other affiliates have products that sell Remember the concept Consumer vs creator? If
slower but have huge commissions, and then you don’t find a group for your interest, you could
there are all kinds of affiliate structures in- create a group yourself and start inviting like
between, which is why you should take the time minded people. Now you are the owner of this
to find the right match(s) for you. group and this could give you lot of visibility and
fame at a later stage.
Do some research on the net to know more D. Customer Service: this is something I
about this affiliate marketing. Check out this site personally use and wanted to share here. You
www.clickbank.com for some detailed info on this would have heard about the social media site
subject. Twitter (www.twitter.com). Almost all top
celebrities, corporate big-wigs are available on
iv) Similarly, you can make money through Twitter and their twitter handle is usually known.
sites like Youtube, Facebook etc. There are tons You could simply tweet to such a person and
of materials out there to teach you how to make connect with him instantly. Almost all Govt
money through these sites. Make the departments, ministers and bureaucrats are also
commitment to learn more and use these learning available on Twitter and you can connect with
to start earning. them as well. My experience has been that almost
all the time you will get a response from such a
v) Creating an online store: For those of you tweet. Off-course you can use twitter to connect
who own offline stores, there are easy ways to with people and share your views with the world
go online and sell your wares quickly and, in a as and when you want.
cost- effective way. You don’t have to create all I hope you got some fair idea as to how to
the online infrastructure yourself any more. There use social media and internet for your own
are services available which you can avail many benefit other than just entertainment. I would
times free and some times by paying a fraction urge you to consider using these features to learn
of what you would have otherwise incurred. more, earn more, connect more. Do reach out to
Check out sites like www.instamojo.com, me if you have any specific query. My best wishes
www.dotpe.in to know more. to you.

What are you waiting for? Get going quickly!

80

The Ukraine impasse’

Arjun Bhattacharya

Battered by the pandemic and just post the commonwealth and Imperial Russia only to briefly
traumatic dénouement in Afghanistan, the world emerge as an independent nation in 1917 from
was not ready for another crisis-at-large– it is safe the Russian Federation. Almost immediately, the
to say nobody expected the Ukraine situation to nation was besieged by Ukrainian Bolsheviks, who
descend so dramatically and rapidly into an all- merged their nation with Russia again to become
out war. The popular media, particularly the west, the founding members of the Soviet Union in
sees Putin’s Russia as the unreasonable aggressor 1922. Under Soviet influence, population
and Zelensky’s Ukraine as a smaller but righteous migration from Russia accelerated to Ukraine –
nation rising in brave resistance to defend their eastern parts of Ukraine culturally and
land. This is at best a simplified and controlled linguistically becoming more Russian over time.
narrative, and it is likely truth is somewhere in During the same time, Ukraine grew industrially
between. and agriculturally in leaps and bounds. Europe
and the world got its wheat from Ukraine – for
Obviously, the situation did not blow up long, in India too, the AN-32 passenger-cargo
overnight – but has been festering and simmering aeroplane from Ukraine has been a ubiquitous
for the last few years. To understand a bit more, mainstay of the Indian Air Force.
it will be instructive to look back at the past.
However, destiny was not yet finished. With
Russia and Ukraine have shared roots that the break-up of the USSR in 1991, Ukraine
can be traced back to the Kievan Rus mediaeval became an independent nation again. As the
kingdom somewhere near present day Kiev in the world progressed to the 21st century, Ukraine
10th century. Since then, it had remained mainly started to look westward and firmed up its
under the control of the Poland-Lithuanian

81

relations with the Europe mainland and US. Top- speaking Ukrainian units that went over to the
notch industrial talent at cheap affordable rates rebel side. A brutal battle of attrition ensued with
attracted investments from US and Europe no clear winners, and eventually an armistice was
creating unprecedented growth. Ukraine, in 1994, established through the Minsk agreements.
drew itself further closer to US by signing the
Nuclear Non-Proliferation (NPT) treaty and giving The first Minsk agreement – called the Minsk
up its large nuclear stockpile, in return for I deal - saw representatives of Ukraine, Russia,
assurances of security by the other signatories of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in
the treaty – Russia, USA and Great Britain. Europe (OSCE) and Russian-backed separatist
leaders met at the capital of Belarus, Minsk in
Meanwhile, the accelerated growth in September 2014 to set out a ceasefire deal. Its
economy with the rising overtures by US and provisions included prisoner exchanges, deliveries
European powers led to growing nationalism in of humanitarian aid and the withdrawal of heavy
Ukraine, and reports of Ukraine government weapons. However, the agreement quickly broke
suppressing the will of the Russian speaking down, with violations by both sides, and led to a
regions particularly in the eastern parts –Odessa, second agreement - Minsk 2 – in February 2015
Dnepropetrovsk, Kharkov, Lugansk and Donetsk mediated by French President Hollande and
began to emerge. To muddy the waters, Ukraine German Chancellor Merkel and attended by
also made its desire to be part of NATO and the Russian President Putin and Ukranian President
EU clear. Russia saw these events as highly Poroshenko.
disturbing to its security and it began to make its
red lines clear to the world. As per the agreement, the Ukranian
government would start a dialogue on interim
Matters came to a flashpoint when President self-government for the Donetsk and Luhansk
Yanukovych, seen as friendly to the Russians, was regions, in accordance with Ukrainian law, and
ousted during the 2013 Maidan revolution. This acknowledge their special status by a resolution
event, the Russians believed –was secretly of parliament. It also demanded the withdrawal
orchestrated by US & NATO. Situation further of foreign armed formations, military equipment
aggravated when the new government and mercenaries by both parties.
announced abolishment of the Russian language
as an official language, and heavily militarized the Russia had so far insisted it to be an internal
eastern regions of Ukraine to thwart reprisals matter of Ukraine and having no control of the
from the Russian-speaking areas. rebel forces, and called upon Ukraine to facilitate
the fulfilment of the Minsk agreements. In turn,
Amidst this, in the spring of 2014, Russia Ukraine accused Russia of failing to reign in the
quickly annexed the large Russian-speaking island rebels and causing obstruction of bringing peace
region of Crimea and made it a part of Russia. in the region.

The result was a fierce repression against As the blame game progressed over years,
the Russian-speaking regions which was carried Ukraine drew closer to the US and EU. Russia
out beginning in February 2014 and led to a could only wring its hands in despair and angst
militarization of the situation. At the end of as it saw NATO forces provide military training
summer 2014, only the self-proclaimed Republics and equipment to Ukraine. When Ukraine
of Donetsk and Lugansk remained. declared its willingness to join NATO, Russia
clearly saw it as an existential threat – as that
The rebels were increasingly armed could bring NATO forces – including potential
purportedly due to the defection of Russian-

82

nuclear warheads to its doorstep. Russia of condemnation and sanction of Russia. On the
compared it to the Cuban missile crisis, and urged contrary, if NATO & EU had provided sage counsel
Ukraine to rescind its policy towards NATO. to Ukraine, and pushed for implementation of the
Ukraine was in no mood to entertain. Minsk agreements, it could have denied the
pretext to Russia to get into its path of belligerence.
Russia went on the offensive. It formally It is a war that unfortunately will be borne
recognized the republics of Donetsk and Luhansk, disproportionately by the citizens of Ukraine.
and threatened to invade Ukraine to protect the
new republics from any threat from Ukraine. The world led by US and Europe wants UNSC
Meanwhile, Ukraine remained unmoved, and to indict Russia of human rights violation, and
Russia started amassing troops in the border areas called upon countries to join in its sanction of
from the summer of 2021 onwards. The attacks Russia. India has maintained a neutral stand, and
of Ukraine backed Azov militias (termed as neo- so far has called for diplomacy and talks between
nazis by the Russians) intensified on the Russians both warring parties.
in the new republics. President Putin, clearly
enraged, threatened war but Ukraine remained Time will tell how the situation is going to
unfazed and like the rest of the world did not unfold from here on. Chances are that the war
perhaps anticipate Russia to declare war. Finally, will meander with Russia occupying and fighting
the Russians attacked on February 24th unleashing in Ukraine for a long time. Unless diplomacy and
unprecedented shelling on Kiev and other major sane voices prevail, the end game is not in sight
cities on the eastern part of Ukraine. Reports yet. There is also no mistaking the geo-political
seem to suggest that with the fall of Odessa, fallout of this war -it has rocked the current world
Kharkiv and Mariupol to Russian forces; the entire order with US revealing nervous signs of ceding
coast line of Ukraine is taken thereby making its unipolar space to a multi-polar leadership. In
Ukraine a land-locked country. There are further the short term, the Rouble has shaken the Dollar
reports of mass civilian casualties on the Ukrainian – the long term play will be interesting to see.
side, large scale military losses on both sides, war China and the Yuan are watching with interest
crimes and atrocities. There is no denying the from the sidelines – they will draw their lessons
unmitigated tragedy – details are too hazy with and mark their opportunities.
what’s really happening on the ground. Is Russia
gaining ground, is Ukraine ceding control or it’s a This is not India’s fight but lessons for it is
stalemate of daily ebbs and flows? clear too. It must continue on its path of strategic
independence, and focus on bolstering its
One thing is beginning to look clearer – and economy and defences with uncompromising
perhaps credit to Russia – it has succeeded in its capacity to operate from a position of strength
mission to demilitarize the Donbass region, and capable of thwarting any act of misadventures
also shown the bluff that EU and NATO, besides by external forces.
instigating Ukraine to fight, would not take up its
cudgels beyond a point. In reality, they fuelled the For the world, there will be likely discomforts
fire, and left the Ukrainians high and dry to fend in terms of supply chain disruptions. Food
for themselves – notwithstanding the lip service inflation is a looming concern. Crude and energy
costs are already pinching its shoes – how long it
continues is anybody’s guess.

83

Unplugging Economic Diplomacy

Diganta Saikia

A Russian journalist remarked during the has been around at the top for 22 years (4 years
Cold War era: “Our newspapers are full of truths, as a Prime Minister)!
half-truths and lies. Truths are strictly confined
to the sports pages, half-truths to the Let us not dive further into the political
meteorological pages, and lies everywhere else.” theatre.
Just after the collapse of USSR in 1991, the
journalist remarked again, “Our newspapers are A back of the envelope calculation will show
full of truths, half-truths and lies, but exactly in a the tangible expenses of a long-drawn war of this
reverse order.” Essence is: Russian media remains magnitude!
the same to the core, after 3 decades, may be
with a different flavor! Friends who visited Moscow after the
collapse of USSR in 1991 narrated horrid stories
It doesn’t need to be a genius to understand about people making beelines in front of
that war has no winners, irrespective of the Government stores selling bread and milk at an
outcome! History has plenty of examples to exorbitantly high price for their basic necessities.
buttress it. An economy battered by hyper-inflation with all-
pervading poverty throwing the country off gear!
But it is difficult to convince dictator(s)
anyway! And this time neighbor Ukraine has been
burning for last one month, much to the dismay
It is said that rulers tend to get somewhat of not only the peaceniks, but also to every
crazy after being in power for 10 years! And Putin sensible voice across the planet!

The key issue at this stage is: a Covid-ravaged

84

world economy with some countries still circumstances? How about the subsequent
struggling to come out of it seems to be falling reactions that it generates?
prey to the perils of a massive war, end of which
does not seem so near (at the time of writing SWIFT has been weaponized against Iran and
this piece) irrespective of international pressure North Korea! An alternative payments system for
in the form of sanctions or political rhetoric! countries like China could be a new reality
facilitating the fragmentation of the global
Gita Gopinath, my college senior and first financial system!
deputy managing director of IMF (formerly a
Professor at Harvard) has commented recently Would it lend any stability or sanity to the
that IMF currency (SDRs: Special Drawing Rights) payments system of the world? Very unlikely.
held by Russia could become almost worthless
as SDRs need to be converted to Euro or Dollar, Is it time to talk about the demise of
which seems a remote possibility for Russia at dollarization? What is the alternative for
this stage! greenback in that case? If you can’t hold major
currencies like dollar, euro, yen…what else you
I had the privilege of listening to legendary can hold on to? Set of ASEAN currencies?
intellectual and MIT professor Noam Chomsky as
a young student many years ago. Watching horrid It seems unrealistic because they are not
images of war on Television, suddenly I liquid currencies and their values tend to fall fairly
remembered his powerful statement that day, quickly!
“Power evaporates when it comes out to the
open”. Yes, probably like any of the dictators, even BP dumped its 20% stake in Russian state-
Putin’s power would be on the wane……he has owned oil giant Rosneft costing it around $25 bn.
already started losing some of the members of Shell has announced its intention to exit its joint
his inner circle including the Central bank ventures with Russian energy giant Gazprom with
governor, but before that hope it is not too late, an asset valuation of around $3bn. Some of them
and Ukraine doesn’t get flattened out! stopped buying from Russia leading to northward
movement of oil price in international market!
Economic damages caused by this war are
multi-fold so far! On March 8, McDonald’s announced its
closure of operations, albeit temporarily!
Ruble almost had a free fall, and the stock
markets went in a tailspin across the world driven All 847 McDonald’s shops were shut across
primarily by the rise in oil price immediately after Russia, putting more than 60,000 jobs at risk!
the beginning of the war!
More than 400 companies have announced
Ruble has fallen from 84.04 rubles per USD their withdrawal from Russia during the last
on Feb 24 to 97.25 rubles per USD on Mar 23. couple of weeks.

What also followed was the moves to unplug Will sanction hasten global conflict as seen
Russia from the world’s financial systems through historically? History has enough evidence …we
sanctions by the major powers in the West. are aware of the fact that sanctions against Japan
triggered a military response from Japan at a
Russia has lost 50% of its 600-odd billion certain point in history!
assets due to the asset freeze announced by US
and Eurozone countries! Further, if masses turn against the sanction-
imposing countries (Western world), and not
To top it up, Russia has been excluded from surprisingly dictators are adept at capitalizing it,
the SWIFT payment system globally! it could be a dangerous omen ending up isolating
the well-meaning Russian masses against the rest
Is militarizing the payments system like of the world!
SWIFT the right option to exercise around these
What should be our approach in insulating
ourselves against sanctions by any country? Can

85

we get the international economy dependent on Fossil fuel supply is waning, whereas green
us by inviting their financial firms to India? At energy supply is not rising adequately as
least, that could be a way to mitigate the threat anticipated before.
of sanctions against India by any of the foreign
countries in foreseeable future! It is politically incorrect to invest in coal, oil
or fossil fuels as the world rallies around
I am sure many countries could be thinking renewable energy.
in that direction today gazing into a possible de-
globalized world! Even before the onset of Covid- On the other hand, Public and private debt
19, trade war was on between China and US with as a share of GDP for emerging countries has
each of them raising trade barriers against the crossed 200% already!
other!
Russia is the world’s largest exporter of
Somehow reminiscent of the countervailing wheat, major exporter of coal, and one of the
duties of good old days of inward looking top producers of metal and fertilizer.
economies…you impose trade barriers on my
country, I am going to do that on yours leading Prices for Russian exports like wheat and
to a very hostile environment resulting in an nickel went through the roof…which India could
eventual localization of the economies in evidently take advantage of in the international
question! market!

What does it mean for Indian economic Apart from oil, barley and wheat which are
diplomacy in the light of the changing global the export products from Ukraine may continue
dynamics? to display volatility in the commodity market for
some time.
India benefitted from the disruption of the
oil market by buying cheaper from Russia! Let us peep into the Russian economy from
a closer quarter.
Although decoupling of US and China could
be a major threat for the globe in the present Initial estimate of damage to Russian
geopolitical scenario, India could get closer to US economy is about 10% of GDP!
and foster economic ties, armed with its
technological horsepower! Dollar-denominated Russian bonds crashed,
quoted around 17 cents on the dollar on March
Indian economy is at a point of inflexion…on 2, down from 95 cents the previous week.
one side, it is battling a huge inflation rate, and
on the other, a Covid-stricken economy trying to During March, price of Brent crude oil
come out of the trap in no time. reached a record high breaching $120 per barrel!

Policy circles are debating over the Russian firms can’t buy certain goods today,
deepening of recession as oil prices continue to nor can they make certain kinds of investments.
soar! First it was trade war, then Covid, and now
the focus is entirely on OIL! Russia produces 11% of global oil, possesses
25% of the world’s natural gas reserves.
Will stagflation (high inflation with low
economic growth) of 1970s revisit us as has been So, with hard-hitting sanctions for Russia
outlined by pundits like Nouriel Rubini of late? which Putin could clearly not anticipate, tougher
time beckons Russians without an iota of doubt.
Anyway, mild stagflationary situation prevails
now with growth in US and Europe slowing down Take a look at some of the sanction dynamics
along with a rising inflation. at this stage (at the time of writing this piece).

At the same time, supply of energy is falling US imports only 8% of its oil from Russia
and demand is rising. and Biden administration could afford to ban the
import of Russian oil recently.

86

But what happens to the Eurozone percentage point of global growth this year!
countries? Inflation also could rise significantly…2 to 2.5

European gas prices started surging in percentage points higher than before!
response to Putin’s demand for gas exports to be As a corollary, Federal Reserve officials are
paid off in rubles.
expected to raise interest rates 6 times this year!
Can some of the neighboring countries stay On March 16, Federal Reserve hiked interest
without Gas supply from Russia? Is it feasible for
Eurozone countries to get equivalent amount of rate to curb rising inflation in US.
gas that comes through the pipelines connected Putin has promised to raise the public sector
to Russia from countries elsewhere? Doesn’t
seem like a feasible and a sustainable option at workers’ salary along with pension benefits in
this stage. So, let us NOT put oil and gas on the order to counteract the impact of sanctions.
same pedestal!
The official annual inflation in Russia is
Remember Europe relies on Russia for 40% running over 12.5%.
of its natural gas needs.
A Russian economist made an interesting
With blacklisting Russia’s biggest banks from comment recently, “Country may be headed for
the global financial systems, along with the a Soviet style inflation. Prices don’t rise, but goods
legislation to freeze Russian oligarch’s wealth disappear!”
abroad, many ultra-luxury apartments in cities like
New York and London are empty today! Yes… Sugar export has been banned in Russia!
these are owned by the Russian oligarchs! Interestingly, sugar has started disappearing from
the shelves of super markets across the country.
Biden announced recently that US would cut
off more than half of Russia’s high-tech imports! Cutting off Central bank’s access to more
than $300 bn did deprive it of more than half of
Russians with deposits in foreign currency its reserves.
rushed to protect their savings by taking it out or
converting ruble to dollars. We saw on TV screens Sanctions made flying difficult too!
how people were losing nerves in the Citibank Aeroflot, Russia’s national carrier has
branches in Moscow while trying to take out their suspended all its international flights.
deposits a few days ago although the prevailing US and nearly all European airspace is close
interest rate is a whopping 20%! to Russian planes today.
In next couple of years, Russia’s entire fleet
European stocks with major exposure to could be grounded throwing the already
Russia lost more than $100 bn in market value debilitated aviation sector off gear!
within days of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine! Indian External Affairs minister S Jaishankar
recently talked about a Westlessness ahead!
Russia’s Central bank can’t access around Somehow rings the bell when my favorite
half of its foreign reserves today. commentator Fareed Zakaria dissects the
declining power of US in his celebrated work, “The
An economist recently found out Russian Post American World”! Would Eastern
economy is expected to contract 15% in 2022! democracies have the last laugh in years to come?
Let us wait and watch carefully!
Key interest rate has been lifted from 9.5% While coming to global diplomacy, let us
to 20% by Russia’s Central bank to tackle the remember: “Everything should be made as simple
situation at home.
as possible, but not simpler”!
A recent OECD report shows the volatility in
price of commodities like oil could wipe out 1

87

Internet readiness of the Assamese language

Challenges and priorities

Satyajit Nath

Internet readiness of a human language can be defined as the maturity and effectiveness of
tools and mechanisms needed to use the language on computers, smartphones, and the internet.
Unfortunately, internet readiness of Assamese is lower than other major languages. Lower internet
readiness makes it harder for people to create, find, and read content in the language.

To gather more insight into the internet readiness of a language, it is useful to consider the ten
elements listed in the table below. These elements define requirements on tools and mechanisms
needed to support any language on computers, smartphones, and the internet.

Element needed on computers, What human task does it
smartphones, and the internet support for the language?
Storing and communicating text
1. Standard digital representation of
all letters in the script Reading text

2. Ability to render letters of the language Writing text
on screen and print Writing text
Writing text
3. Ability to input letters of the language Ordering texts alphabetically

4. Ability to check spelling of words input Finding text on the internet

5. Ability to check grammar of sentences input Finding text on the internet

6. A defined alphabetical order for the Converting existing printed matter in the
digital representation of text language for reading, editing and searching
on the internet
7. Ability to label text in web pages
with the language Using Roman script to easily write and read
the language on the internet without
8. Ability to limit web searches to the learning the script
language

9. Optical Character Recognition to convert
printed matter into the standard digital
representation of all letters in the
underlying text

10.A Romanization (aka transliteration)
standard for the language

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Here is how the first two elements in the developed further and matured so that they can
table above are satisfied for Assamese: be accurate and reliable for wide use.

1. Element 1 is covered by a standard Despite the low internet readiness so far, a
representation of all letters in the respectable amount of Assamese content has
Assamese script with a unique number already been created on the internet. This is a
code assigned to each letter by the testament to the will and perseverance of many
Unicode consortium. E.g., the Assamese people who have worked tirelessly to generate
letter 1 is assigned the code 2544, which that content on Assamese wikipedia, various
is a unique code for that letter, different other websites, personal blogs, and through other
from any other code assigned to any means to make it available on the internet.
other letter by Unicode in any other
writing system used in the world (e.g., To search for this valuable Assamese content
the Roman letter A is assigned a very on the internet, we can work around current
different code, 65) limitations in search engines, by adding 1 to the
search term (e.g., on Google, using fl¡ø¬ıÓ¬± will limit
2. Element 2 is covered by something called search results to Assamese web pages about
a font, which is a standard way on a poetry).
computer or smartphone to define letter
shapes for Unicode codes. E.g., the letter But we can only imagine how much more
1 is drawn on the screen by consulting a can be done, and at an accelerated pace, if
font on this computer or smartphone for internet readiness of the language is improved.
the shape of the Unicode code for the Here are some specific areas where work is
letter (2544) stored in this document necessary:

The other eight elements in the table also 1. Integrating existing Assamese spell
have tools and mechanisms that are extensively checkers into popular applications like
analyzed1. However, tools and mechanisms for Microsoft Word, Gmail, Whatsapp, etc.
Assamese currently cover only 50% of those to allow content creators to input
elements. Compared to that, coverage is 80% for correctly spelled text
Bengali, and even higher for other languages. It
is important to improve this situation to enable 2. Developing grammar checkers for
people to create, find, and read Assamese content Assamese input for content creators to
more easily on the internet — an important improve writing quality
priority for the language today.
3. Developing full-featured optical
Beyond the ten essential elements listed character recognition support for
above, additional elements need to be considered Assamese to bring legacy printed
going forward for new and emerging modalities content, such as ancient manuscripts,
of language communication on the internet. Some to the internet and make it searchable
of these additional elements are:
4. Designing new fonts for Assamese to
z Automated translation of text from one provide new writing styles, e.g., those
language to another used in ancient manuscripts, to display
manuscripts digitally or for stationery
z Natural speech synthesis of text in the for occasions like weddings
language
5. Using Unicode-compliant fonts instead
z Speech to text recognition for the of proprietary fonts such as Geetanjali
language that use non-standard codes for
Assamese letters. This will allow desktop
There is progress for Assamese in these publishing (DTP) for online newspapers
newer elements, but such efforts need to be and other electronic content to be

89

searchable on the internet addition to volunteer and advocacy initiatives,
6. Getting Google to add Assamese as a work to address some of these priorities can be
a source of income and entrepreneurial
supported language on Advanced opportunity for talented software engineers,
Search to limit web searches to web graphic designers, and businesses. Focus and
pages that are correctly tagged as investment in these areas will increase internet
Assamese using standard mechanisms readiness of Assamese. This will help everyone
7. Getting Google Chrome and other who wants to contribute and increase the volume
applications to recognize Assamese of Assamese content on the Internet.
language content on web pages to
activate spell-check, grammar check and About the author:
other language-specific capabilities Satyajit Nath is an experienced software
8. Creating an open-source database of professional. He has a B. Tech. (Hons.) in
translation data where accuracy of Computer Science and Engineering from IIT
translation can be verified by Kharagpur and an MSCS from SUNY Buffalo.
independent language experts. This can Satyajit volunteers in Asha for Education to
be a crucial resource to improve support education of children in India and is a
automatic translation tools such as past president of Assam Foundation of North
those provided by Microsoft, Facebook, America. He lives with his family in Seattle, USA.
and others for Assamese
These areas need follow-up action. In

1 Internet readiness of Assamese: A comparison with three languages [tinyurl.com/y8vco4ju]

90

Med_LIFE_Wordsmith

Umbilical Cord Blood: For self or for altruism?

Dr. Tapan Kumar Saikia

The other day, a close friend surprised me These umbilical cord blood cells have a lot of
by requesting me to write something on the potential. No cell is a waste, it is just that we do
subject of umbilical cord blood freezing. He faced not know how to utilise them. They can save a
the dilemma recently and decided to pay and life, if given to a needy one for a right condition,
freeze for self use (autologous) for a baby born at the right time, at the right dose. And, that
in the family. Then, he balked. He was aware that beneficiary could be any of your brethren,
it has been my field of work for last four decades anywhere in the world - need not be yourself or
and decided that I might be a suitable person to your sibling or cousin. Remember, we all probably
enlighten him. have one common ancestor (I am not sure - truth
can be dark and dubious. Umbilical cord blood
Let us be a ‘scientist’ first and a ‘being transplants have saved many lives across the
human’ later; first option is relatively easy to be.

91

world. There are many public banks, the one person to another) in conditions like
combined number currently, more than a million leukaemia and some haemoglobinopathies like
units of cord blood banked. In Japan, it is quite thalassaemia and sickle cell disease. The claim
popular for treatment of blood cancers. The units by private bankers that these umbilical cord blood
have been donated by families for public use. cells can be used for diseases of other organs like
heart diseases, nerve related diseases and skin
These banked bags/units of cells can be kept diseases, is not correct. Such cells for such
frozen and alive for an indefinite time - in the diseases are not for routine practice ; approved
temperature -170 to -180 degree Celsius. for pure research work authorised by institutional
However, the containers must be kept in a very ethics committees and to be done free of cost.
safe area, preventing contamination and the low The results would be monitored stringently. What
temperature must be maintained, unhindered nature can do inside our body, laboratory is still
even for a minute. An inventory needs to be struggling to know. It’s no time to play God. Some
maintained meticulously. Currently, used cells are reputed scientists have already been punished for
donated voluntarily by the families and remain false claims. Changing characters of cells from
in regulatory agencies authorised banks - usually one type to another is nature’s mystery and we
blood banks dedicated to such services take the are years away from demystifying it; perhaps we
responsibility of keeping the bags safe. never will. The story of ‘Dolly the sheep’ remains
fresh in our mind - how this genetically
Coming to the private banks, where such engineered sheep became old within two years
cells are frozen for self use in the future, for of birth and died prematurely. If and when it
example, if and when the baby or once he/she becomes easier to do it, let me reassure, you will
has grown into a child, adolescent or adult not need your umbilical cord blood; there will be
becomes sick with an unfortunate disease like plenty of other simple sources.
leukaemia. In reality, such possibilities are
extremely rare and there is no published data as Alright, let’s accept the person gets
a series, barring a couple of incidences. There leukaemia. In such a case, autologous (own cells)
are such banks all over the world; so, why should stem cell is not going to help. One needs
Indian businessmen not follow suit? The word allogeneic cells. We transplanters have shown that
here is ‘business’ - nothing is free. autologous blood stem cell transplants are far
inferior to allogeneic transplants. So, such results
From the parents point of view - young defeat the purpose completely. And, if one gets
people, a new born (or yet to be born) - if myeloma or lymphoma, that would be in the
anything that can secure the future, then why fourth or fifth decade of life. The banker would
not? As parents, have saved and will save some not have given that guarantee. Also, one does
money for their baby’s future, hence, a little more not need umbilical cord blood for that, there is
spent as investment for health will not hurt. This plenty to be collected from one’s adult body.
is what healthcare providers tell them (with all
good intentions). If it goes waste, so be it. We The more important question, is who is
can’t argue, can we? Or, should we? Or, shouldn’t collecting these cells in the operation theatre?
we? Does the doctor have a licence to do that? Where
were they trained? One can not be skilled unless
Let’s see what kind of diseases we are talking trained. And, licences in India? ‘Quality Control’
about where these cells can be used? This is is the word and it’s taken for granted by some in
where private bankers are not leading people our country. If we go deep, we will see the rot.
properly. As far as current science goes, umbilical Some of our colleagues who used these cells from
cord blood cells can be used for allogeneic
transplants (cells transplanted or transfused from

92

private banks for standard indications were aghast how to use cells from partially matched family or
to see poor standard of these cells. The numbers unrelated person. You have siblings, parents and
were not adequate, cells not typed properly, etc, even first degree cousins, ready to donate
etc. There are more issues; considering these, voluntarily. Science progresses, at times in a short
Committee on Genetics - Committee on span of time.
Obstetrics Practice of American College of
Obstetricians and Gynecologists developed an Being human:
opinion. This opinion mentions 12 points that Where do I stand? I don’t wish to take the
include - no autologous transplants for a genetic
disease or malignancy, no routine collection and high moral ground and say ‘don’t do it ever’; but
storage with a private blood bank, only public everything has to have some logic. Less said about
umbilical cord blood banking for valid indications, celebrities endorsing such technology is better.
physicians must be bound by local laws on the When a few bags are saved by affording parents,
subject, mindful of various circumstances that cells from all other deliveries too should be saved
may arise during the process of labour and in public banks. These cells should currently be
delivery and declaration of conflict of interest like used for only for the treatment of leukaemia. But,
financial gain from such procedures. who would collect and pay for it? Do we have
enough dedicated physicians and ‘Good
Let’s do a fact check : how many such Samaritans’ in the society? It’s a huge job, billions
autologous umbilical cord blood cell transplants of rupees will be needed to save sufficient
have been carried out in India? I have not seen number of bags for a couple of decades. These
any of my colleagues doing a single case. Perhaps voluntary donations should go to anyone needy.
someone has done and has not reported to the
Indian Society of Blood and Marrow Having a functional public cord blood bank
Transplantation (ISBMT). It would have made in India is very unlikely. It is not and can not be
news in print and/or visual media had it been a health priority at present. We have many other
reported. I hope, I haven’t missed such a news! much more important health issues to be sorted
out. I would rather expect the private banks to
How is the scenario in the western do a great social service by saving voluntary ones
countries? Out of hundreds of thousands banked and giving it to the needy free of cost. It could be
units only a handful of such procedures have been a noble corporate social responsibility (CSR)
documented. The outcome hasn’t been reported programme. Sorry, I am asking for too much.
in an appropriate way. More importantly, use of
umbilical cord for haematopoietc (blood) cell When science combines with business for
transplants has decreased significantly in last profit, specially in unknown and unproven areas,
decade. The reason is, umbilical cord transplants several questions arise - many are difficult to
are tricky - they take longer time to multiply after answer. I leave it to educated and intelligent
grafting and during that critical period many life young people to decide. Nevertheless, if I have
threatening infections occur. Moreover, another to pronounce the final word, I would say ‘don’t’.
source of blood stem cells is easily available - it’s
known as Haploidentical (partially matched) How you take it - ‘Do not preach’ or ‘Do not
donor transplants. Now, we have technical know- save for self’, is your prerogative. Nearly all
professional transplant societies in the world
don’t advocate and encourage this.

Head of Medical Oncology and Research
Director, Prince Aly Khan Hospital

93

Understanding Allergy –
The Associated Facts and Myths

Dr Farmida Aman

‘God bless you’, the common response to a allergic (called allergen), then a hypersensitivity
person’s sneeze has definitely transformed into reaction takes place. It is generally IgE mediated,
‘God bless me’ in Corona times. Sneezes and as an antibody called IgE specific to the allergen is
running nose still bring in a whole gamut of produced in our body. This reaction can manifest
responses. There are advises pouring in for a as running nose and sneezing, itching and redness
person with a cold, from what to eat, to what to on the skin, asthma, swelling over body parts,
wear, to how to prevent and speculations of rarely arthritis and most seriously as oedema in
whether it is viral or an allergy. Most of the time, the airway which can even lead to death.
the person concerned ends up confused as to what
to do or whether to do it all. So, here I shall try to A common myth I have noticed is that allergy
demystify “Allergy”, a subject I love and specialise is contagious and spreads from one person to
in . another. This is not true, allergy is not a viral or a
bacterial infection so it cannot spread from a
Allergy, the word was coined in 1906 from person to another through the air. But, of course,
two Greek words, ‘allos’ meaning other and ‘ergon’ allergy can be hereditary. There is a strong chance
meaning reaction. So Allergy actually means a of a child being allergic if even one of his /her
hypersensitivity reaction of the body to something parent has a history of allergy. Allergies do run in
that is foreign. When a person is exposed to families. Such individuals are said to atopic
substances in the environment to which he is individuals.

94

Manifestations of Allergy of pollen in the air is highest in the early mornings.
Allergy is a systemic disease meaning it can So those allergic to pollens should try not to
venture out in the early mornings or keep their
affect any part of the body. From the skin to the doors and windows open during those hours. After
airway to the digestive system and even joints it coming home from outside, it is good to take a bath
can affect all of them. It can affect any age group, to wash off pollen grains.
male or female though it is found to be more
common in younger age group. It can manifest in House dust mites : These microscopic bugs
various ways : that cannot be seen with naked eyes are major
indoor allergens. They can be found in bed linen
Allergic Rhinitis is one of the most common even in the cleanest house. Best way to avoid them
manifestations, which causes sneezing , running is to change bed linen every 4 days besides
nose, itching. Allergic Rhinitis can further lead to vacuuming and keeping the house free of dust.
nasal blockage and Sinusitis and Polyp-formation
Mold or Fungus : They are found mainly in
Allergic Asthma is another common damp, humid areas, indoor or outdoors and can
manifestation, causing cough, wheezing, tightness lead to allergies. Best way to avoid them indoors
in the chest, shortness of breath, sometimes is to increase ventilation and avoid damp areas.
needing hospitalisation due to acute exacerbation
Insects : Cockroaches and other pests can
Urticaria or Hives which is allergy of the skin cause allergies. So controlling pest infestation can
leading to itching, raised and reddening of the skin. help a lot against allergies

Swelling of lips, tongue, face Vomiting and Animal dander : Pets and even human shed
purging due to allergy of the digestive system tiny flakes of their skin as dander which cause
allergy. Regular vacuuming is required to clear
Conjunctivitis manifests as redness and them.
irritation of eye due to allergy.
Food : Food allergy is pretty common. To rule
Arthritis of joints have also been found to be out the food items one is allergic to, one can
due to allergy. maintain a food diary.

Anaphylaxis which is the most severe form Medicines : Drug allergies can lead to rashes,
of allergy, which if not treated properly and itching, swelling of lips, face, eyes.
immediately, can be fatal.
Pollution, Cement dusts, Smoke, sand
An individual with allergy hence needs to be particles, strong smells are not exactly allergens
thoroughly examined, the causative agents should but can trigger or aggravate allergies. Hence
be detected and proper treatment should be given. avoiding these is also important to control allergy.
It is not to be ignored, because all these Thick rugs or curtains that hold dust, fur, fleece or
manifestations, if ignored, can lead to various woollen dresses or blankets, soft toys too should
complications. A mere allergic Rhinitis can lead to be avoided as they hold and those tiny hairs can
Sinusitis and Polyp formation requiring surgery. It act as triggers.
can even lead to ear infections.
Diagnosis of Allergy
Agents Causing Allergy (Allergens) Allergy is best diagnosed by a doctor from the
Allergens are substances that can cause
history given by a patient. Blood tests may be
allergic reactions. They are protein particles. performed to confirm the diagnosis. But in tropical
Common agents that cause allergy are : countries where parasite infestation is common,
the parameters of Eosinophil Count and Total IgE
Pollen grains : The male gamete of flowers may be raised even in non allergic individuals
that disperse through the air is one of the
commonest cause of airway allergy. Flowering
season also brings around pollen grains. Density

95

Diagnosis of substances to which one is Patch Test : This is done in patients who have
allergic to can be done by various tests. contact dermatitis.

Skin Prick Test : This is the most sensitive test Immunotherapy
to find out the allergens specific to an individual. Mild forms of allergy can be treated with
It is cost effective and without side effects . It also
forms the basis of treatment of allergy with Antihistamines , Inhalants and Intranasal
Immunotherapy. It is generally done by a certified Corticosteroid sprays. But moderate to severe
allergy specialist . cases of allergies are best treated by Allergen
Immunotherapy.
Blood Tests (Specific IgE): An individual’s
blood sample is tested for specific allergens. Immunotherapy is nothing but sensitising an
Though it is not as sensitive as SPT, it is done in individual by exposing him/her to gradually
cases where SPT cannot be done like a person who increasing doses of the substance he/she is allergic
has a skin condition or is taking medications that to and thus increasing their level of tolerance. This
prevent skin tests. It is more expensive as well. prevents further occurrence of allergies to those
substances. This therapy runs over a long period;
Provocation tests : These are done to rule out but gives wonderful results and frees allergic
Food Allergies . These have to be done in hospital individuals from medicine dependency. Patients of
set ups by an allergy specialist. asthma have decreased exacerbations and much
lesser visits to hospital.
Intradermal test : If there is strong suspicion
of allergy but skin test has not given a definite Allergy should not be ignored or taken for
result, then this test is done. Here, the allergen is granted. Anyone who has frequent issues of allergy
injected below the skin to see if any reaction like Rhinitis, Asthma, Urticaria should see an
occurs. It is mainly done for drug allergies and Allergy Specialist and get a proper assessment
venom allergies. done to avoid complications later on.

Consultant ENT and Allergy Specialist
e-mail : [email protected]
Contact : 8861161000

96

Co-passengers in a boat –
My life’s dramatic ‘Kushal’

Nibedita Bharali
Translated by– Mukesh Sharma

I have always learned to look at life with a “Ragging 84”. We all were mostly college students.
different view-point. I was specially disinterested He was a senior student and I, junior to him.
in the usual trappings of life. I loved creativity While getting introduced to the boy with bright
and always wanted to live a life surrounded by eyes and longer than usual hair (almost covering
creativity, whether directly or indirectly. I longed the eyes), I felt as if he wanted to blend into the
for a life partner who would also be associated play. Wow, what dedication! I had never met
with some form of creative art. Fortunately that’s anyone earlier who was so serious and sincere
what happened. Although figuratively he is my about a play. Initially, I knew him only as a
man, in a broader sense, he is a man of creativity, musician. In many cultural programs, he used to
a man of dramatics, a man of people. accompany the main singer in instruments like
tabla, dholok or any other musical instruments
I met him during the rehearsal of the play

97

of leather. The boy playing his instruments with A play can be created only by a lot of sacrifice.
his eyes closed under his long hairs! Slowly, I Very few people do this since there is no glamour
started developing a soft spot for the boy. “It in this’. I also understood this field did not have
seems my man also loves dramatics a lot along glamour but it had a life-philosophy and we could
with playing instruments”. have a deep, meaningful life based on this
philosophy.
I am not so sure how am I going to start or
what I am going to write about the person that As I had shared earlier, he was a music artist
I am talking about. Because he is now part of my and played musical instruments. He spent most
life. Kushal Deka. In any musical field including of his childhood and youth in their tiny house
dramatics, a non-compromising, fighter artist provided by Assam State Transport Corporation.
‘Kushal’ – “Kushal Deka” from BiswanathSariali, He was the eldest child in the family. On one
Assam. evening, some worker nearby played a flute and
Kushal just could not stop himself; in spite of his
How I came to know about him: father’s resistance, he went off running to the
It was around 1989-90. I saw Kushal for the flute player. He collected some discarded wood
first time when he performed a comedy show in and bamboo and started playing music with
a ‘BohagiBidai’ program in BiswanathSariali. This those. Fearing getting beaten up by his father, he
was today’s version of ‘stand-up comedy’ at that ate something there itself and slept on the floor.
time. His expertise hugely impressed me. There Perhaps, if he had got some good training at that
was a sense of simplicity in his performance. And time, he could have become a highly
this simplicity could touch the hearts of the accomplished musician.
audience, including mine. Once he asked me to
join him in a play as a co-actor. A play called Perhaps, the seeds of dramatics also got
‘Half-drawn painting in a picnic’ by Pankajjyoti planted in his young mind during that time
Bhuyan. Kushal wasn’t such an accomplished without him knowing. There was a playground in
actor that time, but it did not stop him from front of their house and the mobile theatre
putting all his efforts in guiding new actors like groups used that ground. Kushal did not have
me. I will be candid in my admission that at that the courage to ask for money from his parents to
time I did not take a play seriously and thought watch the plays, so instead he befriended the
that a play could be done just like that. However, workers working in the theatre groups and
thru that play, Kushal taught me how to love a watched the plays from the theatre’s ‘music box’
play, how to enjoy a play. We went on to do without his family’s knowledge. He also started
many more plays together like ‘AnupamaDweep’, learning the ropes of running a theatre group
‘Rup BornoBak’, ‘Abu Hasan’, ‘BendejorGamusa’ during this time. From the various workers, he
and along the way I also fell in love with him. learned things like the different measurements
He told me – ‘I want to live my life on my of the pandal, what technology is being used by
own terms, my life is like the canvas of the stage, the groups etc. He also used to come to his room,
would you be happy living with such a person cover the bulb with different coloured cellophane
who wants to live coloring this canvass’? At the paper and recreate the scenes of different plays
time of getting married, he completely along with the dialogues delivered by various
disregarded my talk about ‘keep your interest in actors.
plays, but also think of doing something else’ and
stated ‘since I have decided to dedicate my life to Due to no interest in studies and mad about
plays, my whole life would be based on sacrifice. music & plays, he was confined to a room for the
whole day innumerable times by his father.

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