Science Form 3

Science
Form 3

SMJK SIN MIN
Lynley Yap Phey Sheang

3.4

Chapter 6.1
Generation Of

Electricity

Various Energy Sources To Generate Electricity

Malaysia is a country which is very successful in using various energy sources to
generate electricity. Let’s learn about the energy sources used in Malaysia to
generate electricity.

Electricity is generated through various energy sources. The different energy
sources can be classified into two main groups, renewable energy sources and
non-renewable energy sources.

Energy sources Non-renewable energy sources
Definition: Energy sources that cannot be
Renewable energy sources replaced and will deplete.
Definition: Energy sources that can be replaced Examples: Nuclear energy
continually and will never deplete.
Examples: Hydro energy Coal
Natural gas
Wave energy Petroleum
Solar energy
Tidal energy
Wind energy
Biomass energy
Geothermal energy

Examples

Examples of renewable energy sources

Hydro energy Tidal energy Geothermal energy Examples of
non-renewable
energy sources

Wave energy Wind energy Nuclear energy Natural gas
Solar energy Biomass energy
Coal Petroleum

Power Stations In Malaysia Tuanku Jaafar
power station in
Bakun Negeri Sembilan
hydroelectric Energy source:
power station in
Natural gas
Sarawak
Energy source: Sultan Azlan Shah
Hydro energy power station in
Manjung, Perak
Hybrid power station Energy source:
in Pulau Perhentian
Kecil, Terengganu Coal

Energy source: Gelugor power
Wind, Solar, Diesel station in Pulau

TSH Bio-Energy Pinang
Sdn. Bhd. Energy source:

Biomass power Diesel
station in Sabah
Energy source:

Biomass

Process Of Generating Electricity

A generator is a device used to generate electricity.

When the crank of the generator model is turned, induced Michael Faraday
current is produced. The flow of induced current will lights up
the LED.

In 1831, a scientist named Michael Faraday conducted a series
of investigations on the generation of electricity using a
magnetic field. Electric current is produced by movement of the
wire and movement of the magnet.

Movement Of The Wire

❏ Movement of the wire causes the
magnetic field lines to be cut.

● A connecting wire or solenoid is
moved rapidly through the space
between the magnetic poles.

● An induced current is produced in
the connecting wire or solenoid, and
it flows through the galvanometer.

● The pointer in the galvanometer
deflects.

Movement Of The Magnet

❏ Movement of the magnet causes the magnetic field
lines to be cut.

● A magnet is moved so that the magnetic field lines are
cut by the connecting wire or solenoid.

● An induced current is produced in the connecting wire
or solenoid, and it flows through the galvanometer.

● The pointer in the galvanometer deflects.

Electricity Generated At Power Stations

1. Power station using non-renewable energy Mechanism Energy Change
sources such as diesel, natural gas and coal.

Burning of fuel Chemical
energy

Boiling water Heat energy
produces
steam

Steam rotates Kinetic energy
the turbine

Generator Electric energy
produces
electricity

2. Power station using solar energy Mechanism
Sunrays

Solar panels Energy Change
convert light
energy into

electricity

Solar energy

Electrical
energy

3. Hydroelectric power station Mechanism Energy Change

High dam Gravitational
stores water potential
energy

Water flows Kinetic energy
from high level

to low level

Flow of water
rotates turbine

Generator Electrical
produces energy
electricity

4. Power station using wind energy Mechanism Energy Change
Kinetic energy
Moving air or
wind Electrical
energy
Wind moves
blades

Blades rotate
turbine

Generator
produces
electricity

5. Power station using nuclear fuel Mechanism Energy Change
Nuclear energy
Nuclear
reaction

Boiling water Heat energy
produces
steam

Steam rotates Kinetic energy
the turbine

Generator Electrical
produces energy
electricity

6. Power station using biomass

Mechanism Energy Change

Biomass Chemical
produces energy
methane

Boiling water Heat energy
produces
steam

Steam rotates Kinetic energy
the turbine

Generator Electrical
produces energy
electricity

Direct Current And Alternating Current

★ Direct current (d.c.)
➢ Direct current is an electric current that flows in one direction only.
➢ Examples of direct current:

Torchlight Calculator Batteries

★ Alternating current (a.c.)
➢ Alternating current is an electric current that flows in constantly

reversing direction.
➢ Examples of alternating current:

Bread toaster Hair dryer Air conditioner

Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (C.R.O)

Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (C.R.O) is an electronic device that is used to show the
differences in the shape of graph, direction of current and voltage change for direct
current and alternating current.

Thank You