Touch of Colour

CToloouuo

cfrh

BEST
SELLING

GROUP 5

LLiisstt ooff AAuutthhoorrss

Masryani Binti Nurdin
(D20182085053)

Hasnie Binti Nisi
(D20182085058)

Nor Azie Idayu Binti
Mohd Saifuddin

(D20182085852)

Nurul Barizah Binti
Ahmad Zaki

(D20182085912)

Nur Farhana Zulaikha Bt
Abd Wahab

(D20182085925)

Nur Suhaidah Binti Mohd
Ali

(D20182086695)

SKU 3053
Dr. Norlinda Binti Daud

"Lifsetart with

TToouucchh ooff '
Colour"

Preface

As a part of completing the assignment for Industry and
Current Issues in Chemistry subject, we are required to make
an e-book on topic “Paint, Varnish and Ink”. The basic
objective behind doing this e-book is to create an interactive
learning method. Subject to the limitation of time efforts and
resources every possible attempt has been made to study the
topic deeply. In this e-book we have included various
concepts, simple experiment activities and exercises in game
mode regarding the topic assigned. Doing this e-book helped
us to enhance our knowledge regarding the differences of
paint, varnish and ink through readings and studies
conducted. Besides, we also enhance our teamwork skills by
having frequent discussions with all the teammates. Through
this e-book we come to know about importance of
teamwork and role of devotion towards the task.




LIFE START
WITH TOUCH OF COLOURS

Table of Contents

preface
Notes............................................1

Paints......................................2
varnish...................................7
inks..........................................9
diy activities..........................10
exercise......................................11
references.............................12

NOTES

PP AA II NN TT SS

Unique homogeneous Consists of a particular
mixture of three major pigment, dispersedin a

ingredients namely: particular binder,
pigment dissolved in a particular
vehicle (binder & solvent)
additives, solvent.


have a good level of
concealment and the
films made should
not be washable. requisite colour

should have Properties corrosion
a sheen resistance

capable of can maintain the
withstanding required
atmospheric
consistency
conditions

Paint Purposes

1. To prevent metal loss due to corrosion

2. To provide rusting deferrals

3. Allows for easy cleaning by providing a smooth surface.

4. Create a pleasing appearance

5. Durability of the surface

PAINTS

Paints
Constituents

Binder Pigment Filler/

Extender
CONSTITUE BINDER
NTS PIGMENTS FILLER/
EXTENDER

DESCRIPTION Binders are often resins or oils, Pigments are finely powdered A non-expensive
however inorganic inorganic or organic powders with natural inorganic
compounds can also be used. a higher refractive index, RI ingredient that is
regularly added to
paint to boost its
volume.

Should be opaque in providing
sufficient coverage.

Contains a resin as well as Pigment particles disperse
a solvent thinner. and/or absorb light in such a
way that it does not reach the
Polymers of many sorts substrate.
that are non-volatile.
Opacity is determined by two It increases
In diverse ways, different adherence by
resins generate a dry characteristics: not providing
coating on the substrate. colour and
Refractive Index (RI) - having poor
Alkyd resins dry via optical
volatilization and high RI, sufficient qualities.
oxidation in the
PROPERTIES presence of air. substrate concealing.
Epoxy and PU resins
dry mostly by Particle size -
chemical processes.
The opacifying capacity

increases as the particle

size decreases.

Should be insoluble in the
medium, chemically inert, free
of soluble salts, and unaffected
by normal temperatures, non-
toxic, non-corrosive, and have
low oil-absorption
characteristics

PAINTS

CONSTIT BINDER PIGMENTS FILLER/
UENTS EXTENDER
Imparts colour, opacity, and, in some
PURPOSE Combines pigments, cases, corrosion resistance Thickens the film
fillers, and additions Gives the paint a pleasing appearance Increases volume
Camouflage substrates and erase paint film
Imparts adhesion and prior colours thickness
has a significant impact Increase the paint film's tensile Lowers paint cost
on gloss, durability, strength Imparts toughness
flexibility, and Preserves the film by reflecting UV abrasion resistance
toughness. light, which is harmful to it. Maintains texture
Improve the paint film's adherence consistency
EXAMPLE
Lessen the gloss
Save money Calcium carbonate
Gypsum
Titanium Dioxide (Commonly used) Ground silica
White Lead Barytes
Zinc Oxide Glate powder
Titanium Dioxide French chalk
Red Oxide China clay
Carbon Black Asbestos
PrussianBlue Silica
Chrome Yellow Mica
Aluminium powder Whiting

Paints Applications

1.Art work
2.Decoration (residential paint)
3.Protection of a surface (rust inhibiting auto paints)
4.Warnings (reflective paint, fluorescent paint)

PAINTS

Paints Classifications

Type Descriptions
Exterior house paints
Interior wall paints Generally have constituents such as pigment, extenders,
vehicle and thinners
Emulsion paints
Prepared by mixing pigments, vehicle and resins
Fire resistant paints
Highly durable, impermeable to dirt, resistant to
Chemical resistant washing, rapidly drying
paints Contain water as thinner and can be easily cleaned
It contain an emulsion of vehicle in water pigments
and extenders added to get other desirable properties.

Impart a protective action on the article being coated
through easy fusion of the pigments and other paint
ingredients giving off fume on heating, they do not
support combustion.
It consist of borax, zinc borate, ammonium phosphate
synthetic resins as anti-fire chemicals.

Consist of baked oleo resinous varnishes, chlorinated
rubber compositions, bituminous varnishes and
phenolic dispersion as chemical resistant materials in
paint formulations

PAINTS

Type


Marine paints Known as antifouling paint and can be prepared by mixing
various ingredients such as pigments, resin, driers , vehicle ,
diluents , toxic components and small amount of bees wax.




Luminous paints Consist of phosphorescent paint compositions such as pigment
, vehicle and sensitizer for activation in UV region




Metal paints Two types:

1. Barriercoating
Protective barrier is formed between the surface coated and its
surroundings. These consist of pigment, binder, anticorrosive
agents, resins etc.
Alkyd resists weathering of metals, epoxy and polyamides form
rough film resistant to chemicals.
Chlorinated rubbers resist action of soaps, detergents and
strong chemicals and silicons are added as heat resistant and
water repellents.

2. Galvanic coating
Protection is provided by self-undergoing of galvanic
corrosion. e.g. Zinc coating on steel.

Artwork paints Acrylic paint has acrylic polymer as its binder and this forms a
film after the water has evaporated. Vehicle - this refers to the
part of the paint that carries the pigment and binder. Water is
the vehicle for water-based acrylic and when combined with
the binder, it creates a polymer emulsion.

VARNISH

A type of paint with a solvent that evaporates
Made from synthetic or natural resins and drying oil
dissolved in organic solvents.
Enhances the appearance of grains in wood.
Protect the wood surface and painted surface.
Resistant to impact, heat, abrasion, water and alcohol.

Dry Not crack
rapidly on drying

Not hide chavGraarocntoeidsrhistics Form a hard
the natural film on
grain of the drying

inner The colour
surface of should not
fade with
timber
time

Give uniform Durable and
and good weather
appearance resistant

VARNISH

Varnish Ingredients

Ingredients Example
Driers
Litharge, white copper, lead acetate
Resins
Natural resin
Solvents copal, shellac, amber, mastic, rosin (pine resin), gum
dammar, balsam, etc.

Synthetic resin
phenolic, epoxy, polyurethane, vinyl, etc.

Linseed oil, turpentine, methylated spirit of wine, wood
naphtha.

Classification Varnish Classification

Oil varnishes Description

Spirit varnisher Used linseed oil as solvent
(lacquers) Dry slowly but form hard and durable surface

Turpentine Used methylated spirit of win as solvent
varnishes Dry quickly but are not durable

Water varnishes Used turpentine as solvent
Dry quickly but no sot durable
Cheaper than oil varnishes

Varnishes are formed by dissolving shellac in hot water
Used for varnishing wall papers, maps, pictures, stc

INKS

Liquid that contains a chemical composition of pigments or dyes.
Used for drawing or writing with a pen, a metal nib, a brush or a quill
For thicker ink are used in letterpress and lithographic mechanical
printing.
Can be a complex mixture containing solvent, resins, alcohol,
lubricants, carbon, pigments, dyes, aniline, dextrine, glycerine,
fluorescents.
The components combine to affect the free-flowing qualities, colour
intensity, durability, speed of drying, resistance to sunlight and
appearance of the created image.

Main Chemical Used in Ink

Chemical Description
Colorant
(Pigment and dyes) Gives the ink its color
Pigments are soluble in water and most solvents,
Vehicle/ Vanish whereas dyes are not.

Additive Used as a solvent for the dye to dissolve.
Hepls the ink to transfer form the pen to paper.
Helps bind the ink to paper

Give the ink characteristics that vanishes and
pigments wouldn't give.

INKS

Classification of
Ink

Types Advantage Disadvantage

Water-based dye - The color is bright - Very easy to fade
ink - Environmentally friendly




Pigment ink - The light fastness is good - The color is darker

Water - Can be transferred to different - The operating
sublimation ink media, not just a paper, such as procedures more trouble,

ceramics, glass. and higher prices.

Oil soluble ink - Good taste and light fastness - Expensive
- Must be printed on the

coated medium.

Solvent ink - Light resistance - Dangerous
- Water resistance - Strong taste
- Can be printed on any medium - Certain amount of harm
to the human body

UV invisible ink - Waterproof - No cure before
- Light fastness - Cause allergic in some
- Suitable for the printing
people
industry

D.I.Y. ACTIVITY

Colors of
Nature

Invisible
Ink

Exercise

Link website :
https://www.blooket.com/set/62a372f12e79008c146f3b72

Visit the blooket.com website and sign up
using your google account.

Then, copy and paste the link given above on
your google.

The screen display that will be obtained is as
follows :

The game can be played individually or in groups:
i. to play in groups, sel
ect 'host' and the code
for the game will be gi
ven.
ii. to play individually, select 'solo'.
There are several game modes on offer and
choose one.
Tutorials will be provided according to the
selected game mode.

References

Dr. Norlinda Daud, Paint, Varnish Liquer, Ink,
SKU3053 Industrial & Current Issues In
Chemical
Color of Nature,
https://youtu.be/XtwyeamFkBQ

Invisible Ink, https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=poCnU_crpjQ

Embrace the

Touch of

C
olour