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Published by develop, 2017-03-10 07:06:19

MDA FEB-MARCH 2017

MDA FEB-MARCH 2017

From the Suppliers, A er Market Service Providers, Engineers,
DESK OF EDITORS Students from Engineering Schools, Professors and
Manufacturers all a end this show. The representa ve from
variety of industry, Aerospace/Defense to under water fluid
power applica on takes interest at this Show.

This is the largest Fluid Power and Construc on equipment
show in the world. Over 2500 exhibitors showcase their
product at this 2, 500,00 sq. feet facility.

About 150 educa onal sessions take place during the 7
days long trade show.

A 75,000 Sq. Feet area has been dedicated to explain the
future of trade show.

The world of Fluid Power applica on is ever changing. This “Tech Experience” will be an unique feature

The next showcaseof Hydraulic Products will be at the What will be the future Job Sites, Infrastructure and the
IFPE/COEXPO-CON/AGG fair at Las Vegas, USA in March 2017. work force will be the theme of the “Tech Experience”.
All eyes are glued at this Tri-yearly extravaganza. Solar power roadways, to data visualiza on and
interac vity, to the first ever-3D printed excavator, Drones,
Interna onal Fluid Power transmission & Mo on control Robo cs this future forward “Tech Experience” will bring to
exposi on Joins hand with Construc on Equipment you.
manufactures Associa on to put this show together.
We will have our own booth at the show and look forward
This is one show, where you get to see the advancement of to seeing you at this unique event at Las Vegas from
Hydraulic Hardware/So ware, as well their applica on in March 7-11, 2017
actual machineries and equipment. This is one greatest place
for the manufacturers to show case their hydraulic products
and services.

All major Fluid Power Product manufacturers congregate at
this show to present to the world their newer design of
Pumps, Motors, Valves and other accessories.

The Associa on of Equipment Manufacturers (AEM) and
Na onal Fluid Power Associa on (NFPA) organize the Show

This extravaganza is a ended by wide variety of relevant
people in the industry. The a endees takes back with them
huge experience, both for Products and Equipment, as well
actual applica ons.

A endance by Job Title

Engineers
14%

Marketing/Sales President/Owner
Management 44%
17%

VP/General
Manager/
CFO/Purchasing

25%

A endee Primary Interest

Mechinical Power Other Power
Transmission Transmission
10%
Products
Electric Motors 12%
& Their
Controls Hydraulic
6% 35%

Hydraulic &
Pneumatic

34%

Pneumatic ASHOK KUMAR GUPTA P.K. GUHA
3% Managing Director/Editor Execu ve Director/Editor
[email protected] [email protected]

GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017 | 5

CONTENTS Global D Journal

Motion Drive & Automation

EDITORIAL 5 Bi-Monthly Journal Feb-March 2017

NEWS 7-8

 Hawe eControl Wins Automation App Award 2016

 World's First Operational 3d Printed Excavator

 Strategic Portfolio Transaction Adds Helical Rotary Actuators and
Attachments to Global Hydraulic Offering

 Trelleborg Launches Rotary Seal that Allows Equipment to
Run Faster at High Pressure for Longer

ACQUISITIONS 9-10
 Dana Completes Acquisition of Brevini
 Parker Acquires Helac Corporation

COVER STORY 11-17
 Hydraulic Oils and Lubricants 19-24
SERIALISED ARTICLE
 Noise & Vibration Control

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT 25-27
 Thermal Flow Sensor With Digital Display
 Loc 1-fiber Braid Lock-on Ho Se Journal in e-Book is available at:
 Din To Deutsch” Connector
 Handheld Communicator To Speed Project Execution And Reduce

Maintenance Time
 Harrison Hydra-gen Releases The Portable Hydraulic Generator
 High Pressure Safety Filter Hd 305 With Reversing Control

BOOK IN SERIES 30-34

EVENTS & EXHIBITIONS 35-40

POST SHOW REPORT 41-42 Global MDA Journal.

CONEXPO SPECIAL 43-50

MDA

NEWS WORLD'S FIRST
OPERATIONAL 3D
HAWE eCONTROL WINS PRINTED EXCAVATOR
AUTOMATION APP
AWARD 2016 IFPE - South Hall 3 - S80529 For the past two years a conglomerate of trade associa ons,
industry, government and academia have been collabora ng
The HAWE eControl app allows password-protected access to on the world's first opera onal 3D printed excavator. That
propor onal solenoids, wirelessly via a Bluetooth interface. project made a giant leap forward with the recent prin ng of
This makes start-up opera on, querying of live values and a prototype that leveraged large-scale addi ve manufacturing
copying of se ngs to other propor onal valves effortless and technologies and further explores the feasibility of prin ng
fast. The idea and the implementa on were now honored with metal alloys.
with the Automa on App Award 2016.
At the SPS IPC Drives 2016, the magazine elektrotechnik Known affec onately as Project AME (Addi ve Manufactured
honoured the best apps for automa on in the categories of Excavator), the excavator is being 3D printed using various
engineering and produc on with an award. The preselec on machines at the Oak Ridge Na onal Laboratory's
was done by a five-person jury. HAWE eControl was part of Manufacturing Demonstra on Facility (MDF) to create and
the Engineering category. A erwards it went into the open assemble three components: the cab, the boom, and a heat
vo ng by the readers. The evalua on of the apps focused on exchanger. The excavator's boom will be fabricated using
security. This is how HAWE eControl is convincing with this newly developed free-form addi ve manufacturing technique
issue by assigning an individual password to each individual to print large-scale metal components.
control. This prevents unintended access to the hardware.
Only by entering the appropriate password a connec on can 3D prin ng an excavator for the first me has been a learning
be established to the controller. Overall, HAWE eControl experience for both seasoned researchers and the next
shortens the dura on of start-up opera on, prevents long genera on of engineers.
machine down mes and promotes the con nuous
improvement process of the applica on through con nuous, A student engineering team from the University of Illinois at
direct feedback. Urbana-Champaign won a design compe on and was on-
The app is available for free in the App Store for iOS and the hand at the MDF to watch their cab design take shape on the
Google Play Store for Android. big area addi ve manufacturing machine – using carbon fiber-
reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, or ABS, plas c.
Their reac on could only be described as pure joy.

The excavator is a collabora on between the Associa on of
Equipment Manufacturers (AEM), Na onal Fluid Power
Associa on (NFPA), Center for Compact and Efficient Fluid
Power (CCEFP), Oak Ridge Na onal Laboratory (ORNL) and
the Na onal Science Founda on (NSF). This project was
supported by DOE's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy – Advanced Manufacturing Office.

CCEFP academic partners – Georgia Tech (GT), University of
Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), and University of
Minnesota (UMN) – are leading the research ac vi es for
Project AME. A GT research team is designing the addi vely-
manufactured steel boom, s ck and bucket. A UMN research
team is responsible for the aluminum-powder bed 3D-printed
oil cooler design. The Oak Ridge Na onal Laboratory (ORNL) is
developing all processes required to 3D-print these excavator
components.

Project AME will be on display at IFPE and CONEXPO-
CON/AGG 2017 as part of the new Tech Experience.

GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017 | 7

NEWS

STRATEGIC PORTFOLIO TRANSACTION ADDS
HELICAL ROTARY ACTUATORS AND ATTACHMENTS
TO GLOBAL HYDRAULIC OFFERING

Parker Hannifin Corpora on (NYSE: PH), the global leader in mo on and control technologies, announced that it has acquired
Helac Corpora on, headquartered in Enumclaw, WA. Helac specializes in the design and manufacture of helical rotary actuators,
known for their tremendous torque output, compact dimensions, excep onal load bearing capability and rugged, reliable
performance. Helac also manufactures a line of a achments primarily for use in material handling and construc on equipment
markets. Terms of the transac on were not disclosed.

Helac had revenues of approximately $75 million with 300 employees in its fiscal year ending June 30, 2016. The acquired company will
become a business unit of Parker's Cylinder Division within the Hydraulics Group with sales reported in Parker's Diversified Industrial
segment.

Parker Hannifin is a Fortune 250 global leader in mo on and control technologies. For 100 years the company has engineered the
success of its customers in a wide range of diversified industrial and aerospace markets. Parker has increased its annual dividend per
share paid to shareholders for 60 consecu ve fiscal years, among the top five longest-running dividend-increase records in the S&P 500
index.

TRELLEBORG LAUNCHES ROTARY SEAL THAT

ALLOWS EQUIPMENT TO RUN FASTER AT

HIGH PRESSURE FOR LONGER IFPE - South Hall 3 - S81616

TURCON® SEAL RING O-RING ACTIVATES THE SEAL RING

QUAD-RING® PREVENTS STATIC LEAKAGE VALVE PORT ALLOWS PRESSURE
THROUGH DOWNSTREAM PORT RELIEF ON UPSTREAM SIDE

NOTCH ALLOWS PRESSURE TO CORRECTLY PROFILED SEALING "LEG"
ENERGIZE THE O-RING
DOUBLE ACTING SEAL WITH PRESSURE
LUBRICATION GROOVE FROM EITHER SIDE

Trelleborg Sealing Solu ons launches an innova ve seal, Turcon® Roto Glyd Ring® V, which is primarily intended for double-ac ng
pressure within severe working condi ons that require extended rotary service. The seal is specifically engineered for machinery
where a high pressure to velocity value is required to allow equipment to run at the highest possible speeds in high pressures for
an extended service life.

8 | GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017

ACQUISITION

DANA COMPLETES ACQUISITION OF BREVINI

Dana Inc. has completed the acquisi on of the power-  Brevini's product por olios will help to increase Dana
transmission and fluid power businesses of Brevini Group, content on construc on, mining, material-handling, and
S.p.A. The transac on was closed on February 1, 2017. This other off-highway equipment. At the same me, it
combina on of Brevini into Dana's business creates numerous expands opportuni es in the industrial market, which had
opportuni es for profitable growth. been an important sector for Dana for nearly three
quarters of a century.
The acquisi on of Brevini aligns with Dana's enterprise
strategy, which includes leveraging core exper se, Dana is a world leader in the
strengthening customer centricity, expanding global markets, supply of highly engineered
commercializing new technologies, and accelera ng drivetrain, sealing, and thermal-
hybridiza on and electrifica on. management technologies that
improve the efficiency and
The benefits of this acquisi on are: performance of vehicles with both
 It expands Dana's product por olio and establishes the conven onal and alterna ve-energy powertrains, serving
three primary markets – passenger vehicle, commercial truck,
company as complete solu ons provider to manage and off-highway equipment.
power conveyance for moving machines and perform the
work func ons. Dana provides the world's original-equipment manufacturers
 Increases Dana's addressable market for off-highway and the a ermarket with local product and service support
driveline systems by providing access to tracked vehicles through a network of nearly 100 engineering, manufacturing,
in that segment. and distribu on facili es and is well known in the mobile
 Significantly broadens the opportuni es in industrial hydraulics market for its Spicer PowerBoost hydraulic-hybrid
markets - an important segment that Dana has served for powertrains, that delivers true value to customers through a
more than 70 years. commitment to innova on. Dana's global footprint,
 Provides a pla orm of proven technologies that can be opera onal excellence, deep knowledge of the vehicular and
offered to Dana's on-highway customers. industrial markets has built the posi on as a top- er supplier.
 Accelerates Dana's hybridiza on and electrifica on
ini a ves. “Brevini” was founded in 1960, the privately held Brevini
 Brevini's customers and employees will find an ideal fit Group with
with Dana, to raise the profile and market penetra on of approximately 2,300
Brevini's products. people, having major
 The technologies purchased by Dana include a wide range engineering and
of highly engineered mobile planetary hub drives; manufacturing
planetary gearboxes; hydraulic pumps, motors, and opera ons in China,
valves; and advanced electronic control systems. Germany, and Italy.
 Brevini's exper se in cylindrical gearing and planetary
hub gears will supplement Dana's long history and market Brevini Group S.p.A. was, through its subsidiaries, engages in
leadership in spiral bevel and hypoid gear technologies. the engineering, manufacture, and distribu on of mechanical
Brevini's technology por olio increases the patents and power transmission and hydraulic transmissions products,
patents pending for Dana's off-highway business by 33%. offering the planetary gear units, in-line and right-angle
gearboxes, gear units for extruders, and speed variators.

The company also provided electric hois ng and pulling
winches for the manufacturers of drilling machinery, earth-
moving machinery, and self-propelled and sta c cranes, as
well as winch drives, which are used in various applica ons,
such as extruders, vulcaniza on presses, calendars, rubber
mixers, compounders, and injec on molding machines. In
addi on, it offers mechanical and fluid power transmissions.

GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017 | 9

ACQUISITION

PARKER ACQUIRES HELAC CORPORATION

Strategic Por olio Transac on Adds Helical Rotary Actuators and A achments
to Global Hydraulic Offering

Source: Parker Hannifin Corpora on

Parker Hannifin Corpora on (NYSE: PH), the global leader in  reported in Parker's Diversified Industrial segment.
mo on and control technologiesy announced that it has
acquired Helac Corpora on, headquartered in Enumclaw, WA. Parker Hannifin is a Fortune 250 global leader in mo on and
Helac specializes in the design and manufacture of helical control technologies. For 100 years the company has
rotary actuators, known for their tremendous torque output, engineered the success of its customers in a wide range of
compact dimensions, excep onal load bearing capability and diversified industrial and aerospace markets. Parker has
rugged, reliable performance. Helac also manufactures a line increased its annual dividend per share paid to shareholders
of a achments primarily for use in material handling and for 60 consecu ve fiscal years, among the top five longest-
construc on equipment markets. Terms of the transac on running dividend-increase records in the S&P 500 index.
were not disclosed.

Helac had revenues of approximately $75 million with 300
employees in its fiscal year ending June 30, 2016. The
acquired company will become a business unit of Parker's
Cylinder Division within the Hydraulics Group with sales

10 | GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017

COVER STORY Ashok Kumar

HYDRAULIC OILS AND LUBRICANTS

History and Inven on & Innova ons of Oils & Lubricants

GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017 | 11

COVER STORY

Energy Input Energy Output

Less Force Applied Output is High Force
At High Speed At Low Speed

12 | GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017

COVER STORY

Viscosity Grade Equivalent Chart

ISO Mid-point Kinematic Viscosity ASTM, Saybolt Viscosity
Viscosity Kinematic Saybolt SUS
Limits cSt at 40° C Viscosity
Grade Viscosity Number
(104°F)
32
Min. Max. 36 Min. Max.
40 34.0 35.5
2 2.2 1.98 2.42 50 36.5 38.2
60 39.9 42.7
3 3.2 2.88 3.52 75 45.7 50.3
105 55.5 62.8
5 4.6 4.14 5.06 150 72 83
215 96 115
7 6.8 6.12 7.48 315 135 164
465 191 234
10 10 9.00 11.0 700 280 345
1000 410 500
15 15 13.5 16.5 1500 615 750
2150 900 1110
22 22 19.8 24.2 3150 1310 1600
4650 1880 2300
32 32 28.8 35.2 7000 2800 3400
4100 5000
46 46 41.4 50.6 6100 7500

68 68 61.2 74.8

100 100 90.0 110

150 150 135 165

220 220 198 242

320 320 288 352

460 460 414 506

680 680 612 748

1000 1000 900 1100

1500 1500 1350 1650

GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017 | 13



COVER STORY

Types of Contamination

Silt

GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017 | 15

COVER STORY

Er. Ashok Kumar Gupta, author, is having more than 50-years history of dedica on to the industry, and a leading promoter of Pro-
ac ve Maintenance system and equipment. This ar cle On Oils and Lubricants has been specially wri en by Er. Gupta for the
Global MDA Journal, as a Theme ar cle under Cover Story, providing the informa on on the History of oils including Explora on,
Refining, comprehensive knowledge on the proper es, quali es and prac cal aspects of Contamina on monitoring, control and
an approach towards Pro-Ac ve life extension Maintenance and Disposal of discarded oil.

Any queries or sugges ons from readers are invited by:
Er. Ashok Kumar Gupta

G H Media Business Private Limited
Global Media House, A-57, Sector-16,
Noida-201301, Delhi-NCR, U.P. INDIA
[email protected]; [email protected]

16 | GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017

COVER STORY

HYDRAULIC OILS AND LUBRICANTS

ExxonMobil Showcases its rangeat IMTEX-2017

ExxonMobil Lubricants Pvt. Ltd.par cipated at the
18thIndian Metal-Cu ng Machine Tool Exhibi on IMTEX TOOLTECH-2017

Suppor ng the Make in India – the most recommended oil for
ini a ve, ExxonMobil today machine tools. The company has
organizeda Na onal Manufacturing introduced Nuto H in pack size of
Symposium at IMTEX to engage with 5L, 20L, and 50L which was earlier
its audience from the manufacturing only available in a standard pack
segment. Recognizing the challenges size of 208 Litre; now making it
of access and affordability faced by easy and convenient for SMEs to
the manufacturing sector the buy, op mize the life cycle of their
companylaunched small packs of machinery and advance their
Mobil Nuto H oil series specially produc vity.
designed to meet the needs of small
and medium manufacturers. “Ever since the launch of the Make
in India ini a ve, the
ExxonMobil harnessed IMTEX as an manufacturing industry is being
ideal pla orm and organized a seen as enabling progress and
Na onal Manufacturing Symposium development, and we at
which focused on innova on and ExxonMobil are keen to
lubrica on solu ons to make in India. par cipate in this growth story.
ExxonMobil demonstrated how the IMTEX is an ideal opportunity to
use of their lubricants can help in address and engage with key
advancing produc vity and stakeholders from the
preserving machinery life cycle. manufacturing industry, all at one
place as well as be able to showcase our specialty offerings
The company showcased its offerings for plas cs, machine which can benefit customers at large. We are op mis c about
shop, and the food industry and demonstrated its #Ask for the the future of the industry and are keen to bring the best suited
Grease offer at the seminar. solu ons across industry prac ces”, said Mr.Im az Ahmed, Asia
Pacific Mobil SHC Brand Manager, ExxonMobil Lubricants
Microma c Machine Tools' which recently entered a Private Limited.
partnership with ExxonMobil also a ended the symposium
along with key customers.

ExxonMobil has customized the packaging for its Mobil Nuto H

About ExxonMobil Lubricants Private Limited

Customers have relied on ExxonMobil's lubricants for more than 120 years. Marketed in nearly
200 countries and territories worldwide, Mobil branded lubricants stand for performance,
innova on and exper se. As an industry leader in synthe c lubricants, a full range of Mobil
products is available in the automo ve, commercial and industrial business sectors.

GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017 | 17



SERIALISED ARTICLES

NOISE & VIBRATION CONTROL

GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017 | 19





SERIALISED ARTICLES

22 | GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017

SERIALISED ARTICLES

aorta pulmonary
(to body) artery

sinoatrial (to lungs)
(SA) node
left
atrioventricular atrium
(AV) node
right atrioventricular
atrium bundle of His
right bundle
branch left bundle
right branch
ventricle
left
ventricle
septum

GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017 | 23

SERIALISED ARTICLES

The Manufacturers, Suppliers & Users of NOISE & VIBRATION ISOLATION, MONITORING and MEASUREMENT
PRODUCTS & SERVICES around the world are invited to share and contribute News, Reports, Press Release, Ar cles, Ideas &
Applica ons, Innova ons, New Technologies, Product Spotlight, New Product Launch, Case Studies and Success Stories
related to the Proac ve. They may also contribute Diagnos cs, Upgrades and Alterna ve products for the knowledge and
benefit of readers.

Any queries or sugges ons from readers are invited by:
Er. Ashok Kumar Gupta

G H Media Business Private Limited
Global Media House, A-57, Sector-16,
Noida-201301, Delhi-NCR, U.P. INDIA
[email protected]; [email protected]

24 | GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017









CRANE-BEL INTERNATIONAL P. LIMITED
Corporate Ofce:

A-57, Sector-16, Noida-201301 (UP), INDIA

Tel.: +91-0120-4117326, Fax: +91-0120-2512420
Plant:

E-7, Kavi Nagar Industrial Area, Ghaziabad-201002 (UP), INDIA

ISO 9001 CERTIFIED CO. Tel: +91-120-2702107, 4106003, 2700339,

Visit at us : IFPE - South Hall 3 - SL80026 Fax: +91-120-2700339, 2713868, Web: www.crane-bel.com

BOOK IN SERIES

Lubricant Power demand would make leakages soar drama cally entailing
substan al energy loss.
In a moving component, sliding metal parts should have
totally smooth surfaces to avoid wearing due to fric on, There is therefore a limit (known as ‘boundary lubrica on’)
which is impossible unless at exorbitant costs. beyond which the condi ons above occur: leakages take place
above it (wide slots) whilst below it the film limit is too subtle
Lubricantion and metal unevenesses enter into contact and break up. With
the strict condi ons of boundary lubrica on, overpressure
Lubricating film and pressure drops occur respec vely in the narrowest and
largest areas of unevenesses, with the risk to break the
Contact between lubricant film and subsequently wear mechanic parts due to
metal parts an increase in temperature.

Anti-wear The natural lubricant property of the fluid under such
condi ons can be improved by adding AW (“An -wear”) or EP
Lubricating film with (“ Extreme pressure”) addi ves.
anti-wear additive.
Zinc/phosphorus-based addi ves are the most common AW
Figure 2.6 addi ves; since they form a film on sliding parts, they prevent
previously detached par cles from adhering.
The lubricant power of a fluid is its ability to get through and
stay between moving parts, that is to create a film that Zinc/chlorine/phosphorus-based EP addi ves too stop
prevents physical contact between two sliding parts. welding but, unlike AW addi ves that start ac ng as
temperature increases, they perform their ac on at a
To explain the phenomenon of wearing clearly, let’s imagine pressure higher than 200 – 250 bar.
to zoom in on an area between two moving parts:
microscopic flaws, which are also found in machined surfaces EP and an -wear addi ves can be mix with both mineral and
with close tolerance, come into contact during the mo on, so vegetable-based oils and synthe c fluids.
they tend to detach and then weld in different points due to
local high temperatures; this phenomena con nuously Finally, we cannot neglect the fact that lubrica on also
expand un l parts seize up. As the lubricant film prevents promotes the sliding of dynamic seal parts, that is the internal
metal contact, it helps maintaining organs perfectly efficient components that slide on seals, which would be short-lived
(Figure 2.6). without lubrica on.

The ideal condi on consists in a very wide slot between the Dila on
parts so that any lubricant fluid, even a very viscous one, can
get through and form the film. However, this condi on can A free surface fluid subjected to a temperature rise/fall
occur at a low-medium pressure while a higher-pressure undergoes a volume change. If the fluid is inside a sealed
container and temperature rises, it cannot expand, so it
compresses itself with a subsequent pressure increase.

This phenomena in oil is not negligible at all because pressure
goes up by 9 bar when temperature increases by 1° C. In a
system where temperature increases for inherent reasons
during the prolonged breaks of actuators under high pressure,

30 | GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017

BOOK IN SERIES and the fluid tends to solidify. The fluid becomes opalescent
before solidifica on: this phase is known as Cloud point.
compressibility resul ng from this phenomena has to be
avoided by automa cally unloading the surplus volume in an “Pour point depressant” addi ve lowers the Pour point while
accumulator. it does not affect the Cloud point.

An foaming proper es Oxida on and rust forma on

In a hydraulic circuit the release phase is very likely to As far as oxida on, water is certainly the worst hydraulic fluid
produce a foam made up of bubbles of air or another gas because the massive quan ty of oxygen found in it develops a
trapped in the fluid. The foam se les in the tank and it is rust forma on that is o en intolerable.
sucked by the pump and pumped throughout the pressurised
system causing increased noise and vibra ons; yet, the Water and air inevitably enters circuits through faulty seals in
widespread compressibility of the gas reduces working mineral oil systems.
pressure.
Oxida on already starts at low temperatures on the free
Some special silicone-based addi ves weaken fluid surface surface of the tank in vegetable seed oil: good results can be
tension, thus promo ng bubble suppression promptly. achieved if nitrogen is pumped into the tank.

Demulsibility In order to prevent mineral oil from oxidising, it must be
mixed with an oxidant addi ves.
This term refers to the fluid property to separate from or
repel water. The oxida on that took place in the fluid entails the
progressive degrada on of oil, which loses its film proper es
The main reason why water is found in the system is the with subsequent rust forma on in the different internal parts
condensa on of the air humidity (dew point) found inside the of the components with higher leakages, slow responses and
upper part of the tank. Demulsibility proper es of hydraulic finally seizing. “An rust inhibitors” (an rust addi ves) se le
fluids o en need to be developed by adding specific on the surfaces of internal components and form a film that
addi ves. protects the metal from oxidant agents.

It is however a good idea to plan cyclic interven ons to Fire resistance
remove water from the tank. In systems where the fluid is oil,
this is very easy: since water density is higher than oil density, Fire preven on is an important problem concerning systems
water se les at the bo om and the whole unwanted volume both at work and at rest. For example, consider the effects of
can be unloaded by opening the unloading valve at the the spouts from a broken hose of pressurised oil that hits a
bo om. high-temperature surface or, for sta c condi ons, the
flammable poten al of the substan al fluid volumes that are
Fluid ac ve life found in the tanks.

Certainly every fluid, including fluids with an excellent At least in this case, water and the fluids derived from it prove
composi on, has like any elements its own natural life beyond to be be er because there is no fire risk. Mineral oil has
which its performances decline progressively. Yet, the ac ve instead remarkable flammable proper es, with liquid Fire
life of a hydraulic fluid is undermined by a series of factors like point and vapour Flash point of about 150 – 180 °C (as
inclusion of air, water, metal par cles and working condi ons.
Contamina on entails the forma on of corrosive acid FIRE RESISTANCE
substances and deposits, an increase in viscosity and very bad
heat transmission. Liquid Fire point Flash point Fire point
(OC) (OC) (OC)
Adequate addi ves ensures a prolonged “performance life” of Mineral oil 180 150 245
the fluid, but large capacity tanks, which means tanks fit to Phosphoric ester 330 310 610
contain substan al fluid volumes and a subs tu on of it at 400 380 650
regular intervals, further guarantee system regularity. Chlorinated
hydrocarbon 335 285 480
Pour point and Cloud point
silicone
The Pour point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid s ll
flows. At lower temperatures viscosity increases drama cally viscosity increases so does inflammability). The situa on is so
much be er for synthe c fluids and vegetable oil that they
are o en (wrongly) classified as non-flammable fluids; it is

GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017 | 31

BOOK IN SERIES advisable not to exceed 70 – 75 °C and in any case never to
exceed 100° C for peaks due to heat dissipa on.
Figure 2.8
more appropriate to define them as “fire-resistant fluids”. The The German standardisa on board (DIN) and later the ISO
following table shows the fire point, flash point and classified mineral oils according to the formula of the
spontaneous combus on of some hydraulic fluids. addi ves they contain (table follows). Since ISO standards are
HYDRAULIC FLUIDS CLASSIFICATION quite recent, some mes the code found on available drums
The previous paragraph makes us understand that fluids refers to the similar DIN.
found in oil hydraulics (Figure 2.7) can be classified as:
1) Oil obtained from hydrocarbons (mineral oil) As shown in the table above, ISO HH (DIN H) oil contains no
2) Water addi ves. For op mal results it is necessary it is a high-quality
3) Mixtures with water fluid (solvent-refined paraffinic oils) and it is employed in
4) Synthe c fluids elementary, non-con nuously working equipments at working
5) Biodegradable oils obtained from vegetable seeds temperatures below 45 °C; for instance, HH oil is o en used
Mineral oil for manual pumps.
Nowadays it is the most common hydraulic fluid thanks to its
good lubricant proper es, its remarkable viscosity index (VI), ISO HL class is suitable for oil hydraulic systems that are not
its reasonable price in comparison to synthe c fluids, its easy subjected to remarkable wear like, for example, the systems
availability and its limited toxicity. Addi ves can be added to it made up of gear or vane pumps subjected to limited
to meet the system requirements and they preserve its pressures. The use of HM class oils substan ally reduces the
proper es for a long me without causing significant wear between sliding metal parts, especially pumps and
deposits, corrosive effects and evapora on. It is a good heat motors. VI viscosity index has to be excellent where external
conductor, compa ble with most elastomers and its contact ranges of temperature are rather high (open-air sta onary
with paints does not entail par cular problems. On the systems, self-propelled machines, ship deck equipment). ISO
contrary, its inflammability makes it the worst hydraulic fluid HV oil is therefore the ideal mineral fluid under these
vis-à-vis fire resistance. The use of addi ves to improve its circumstances.
viscosity index (the more VI is, the less viscosity is in respect
to low temperatures) and others like an -wear, an rust, In addi on, some special machine tools require HG oils
an oxidant products should be planned carefully so as not to (mul func onal lubricants); the hydraulic oil employed in
run the risk of early deple on at high working temperatures. various self-propelled machines is the same as the one used
Although mineral oil can be employ at rather higher for gear lubrica on (under SAE).
temperatures in other technologies, in hydraulic systems it is
Classifica on of mineral oils according to the addi ves they contain

DIN (code) Addi ves ISO (code)

H none HH

An rust—

HL an oxidant + HL
an foam

HLP An rust— HM
HLP—D an oxidant + not envisaged
an foam +

an -wear

HLP +
Detergent —
dispersant

not envisaged HM + HV
addi ves to improve V

viscosity index

The table above shows minimal star ng and maximum
working temperatures in sta onary or mobile oil hydraulic

32 | GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017

BOOK IN SERIES unbalanced mixture ra os. In addi on, oil tends to separate
and float during long rest mes: the pump sucks only water at
systems. star ng.
Water
The most economical fluid that can be used in oil hydraulics is By oil-in-water mixture we mean the adding of mollifiable oil
to the overall water volume in a ra o ranging from 1% to 12%;
Components for applications this enhances the lubricant power and prevents open air
with water and mixtures with water systems from freezing. This mixture has therefore an excellent
balance of viscosity and temperature, it does not a ack
Figure 2.9 elastomers and paints but its lubricant power is rather poor.
certainly water purified from lees, rust, metal par cles, etc.
by means of decanta on and filtra on. Water-in-oil emulsions are made up of a 50% – 60% ra o of
As it is the only totally non-flammable liquid but it has none mineral oil; addi ves are added into the resul ng mixture in
of the fundamental lubricant and an oxidant proper es, order to improve its proper es.
water use is confined to par cular applica ons like in the food
and pharmaceu cal industries where the toxicity of other This substance is not incompa ble with paints and
fluids causes serious physiological damage. elastomers, has a good temperature-viscosity balance and is
Water is perfectly suitable for high-pressure tests for hoses not much flammable; however, its lubricant power is lower
intended for drinking use because of its an pollu on than pure oil power. The system temperature must not
proper es and its low compressibility (.V = 0.4%, which is exceed 65 °C.
lower than oil compressibility). It is no wonder these tests can
be performed at pressures above 800 bar: indeed, pressure Water – glycol mixture is made up of a glycol ra o ranging
mul pliers are used because water volumetric pumps cannot between 40% and 60% plus an -wear, an rust, etc. addi ves.
sustain high pressures.
At present there are excellent systems that use water as a Glycol [from the words glyc(erine) and (alch)ol] is chemically
fluid and that are equipped with bronze, stainless steel and defined as “divalent alipha c alcohol” (in organic chemistry
other rust-resistant materials (Figure 2.8) on the market. ‘alipha c’ refers to a compound in which carbon atoms are
Mixtures with Water linked in an open chain) while glycerine, trivalent alipha c
Mixtures with water and lubricant fluid can be employed in alcohol, is a fundamental component in fat substances.
systems where fire risk is rather high if synthe c fluids are to
be avoided. These mixtures are classified as: Water– glycol viscosity is slightly higher than the viscosity of
a) Oil-in-water (HF – A) water-in-oil mixture and it is not much flammable; However, it
b) Water-in-oil (HF – B) has a poor lubricant power and it is incompa ble with zinced
c) Water – Glycol (HF – C) parts, Vulkollan seals and most paints except for epoxy and
It is worth making clear that cyclic inspec ons of the tank are vinyl paints.
essen al as far as mixture with water are concerned. The
working at temperatures above the average causes much Synthe c fluids
evapora on with the risk of considerable level decrease and
Synthe c fluids, that is phosphoric esters, aroma c chlorides,
silicones and mixtures, are used in systems with high fire risk.

They share some mineral oil proper es like an oxidant and
lubrica ng power, but they are expensive and incompa ble
with some elastomers and paints. They do not change up to a
working temperature of 150 °C (350 °C for silicones); they are
suitable for Teflon, nylon, butyl and silicone rubber seals and
viscosity vis-à-vis pressure is slightly poor due to the density
ranging from 1100 kg/m3 to 1400 kg/m3.

We already men oned its high cost, which is four to eight
mes higher than mineral oil cost.

Biodegradable vegetable-based oil

Despite its proper es, which are inferior to mineral oil ones,

GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017 | 33

BOOK IN SERIES

vegetable-based oil proves to be an excellent alterna ve to hydraulic fluid and perhaps biodegradable oil, if enhanced,
tradi onal fluids, especially in the mobile industry. It is be er will be the hydraulic fluid of tomorrow if we consider today’s
than mixtures with water, less expensive than synthe c world just tendency to seek products that are less harmful to
liquids (but it possesses their main proper es), compa ble health and pollute less. We remind that available oil hydraulic
with paints and elastomers and it has an excellent components are generally defined in their code according to
an corrosive power. mineral oil.

Obtained from soya or rape seeds, this fluid at 50 °C has a If oil is replaced by a synthe c, water-based or biodegradable
kinema c viscosity . = 15 ÷ 70 cSt, a fair VI viscosity index, fluid in an exis ng or planned system, it is important to check
excellent lubricant power, good heat stability, low vola lity, a fluid compa bility by reaching out to the manufacturers of all
fair flash point, a lower compressibility than the homonymous the components.
mineral: .V = 0,5 with .p = 100 bar and the principal addi ves
can be added to it. Except for food and pharmaceu cal applica ons with water
and biodegradable fluids, the choice of the synthe c fluid
However, in comparison to the oil obtained from should be influenced only by fire problems; otherwise, the
hydrocarbons, vegetable-based oil has a poor hydroly c preference obviously goes to mineral oil because of its
stability (it is hydrolysed with water forming acid compounds) inexpensiveness and excellent proper es.
and lower an oxidant power; its pour point is lower than
mineral oil and its cost is more than double. The issues discussed in this chapter refer to the inherent
proper es of hydraulic fluids and the opportuni es to
Biodegradable synthe c-based oil improve them by adding addi ves. In order to have a
complete figure it is absolutely necessary to take into account
Synthe c ecological fluids are divided into synthe c esters the problems of contamina on (see chapter 13) of fluids
and polyglycols. Overall, their proper es are be er than themselves and filtra on systems that remove impuri es that
vegetable ones but they are limited in the applica ons due to entered the liquid in different manners during the working
their high cost (three to four mes as much as mineral oil for process.
polyglycols; eight mes as much for synthe c esters).
The following table compares and sums up the main
Conclusions characteris cs of hydraulic fluids.

We stress again that at present mineral oil is the best

comparison between hydraulic fluids ( * biodigradeable fluids)

Fluid Density Viscosity Lubrica ng Fire An oxidising Min-max Max Compa bility with Compa bility with Toxicity
(kg/m3) Index(VI) Power resistance power temperature OC standard standard paints Low
working elastomers Average cost
temperature OC 100
250
Mineral Oil from 870 from 70 to Excellent Poor Excellent Excellent from -5 to 70 Excellent Excellent 350
to 900 100 700
200
*Vegetable Oil 920 210 Excellent Good Fairly good Fairly good from -10 to 70 Excellent Good No toxicity 400
700
*Polyglycols 1100 from 150 Excellent Good Good Good from -30 to 80 Fairly good Good No toxicity 500
to 200 Excellent
*Synthe c Fairly good 600
esters 920 200 Fairly good Good Good Good from -30 to 100 Good Good No toxicity < 700

Water-in-oil from 915 High Good Excellent Good Good from 0 to 50 Excellent Excellent Low
to 940 High Excellent Excellent Good Good from 0 to 50 Poor poor Low
Water-glycol 1060 Fairly good Fairly good from -5 to 70 Poor poor High
Chlorinated Excellent Good
hydrocarbons 1430 Low
Phosphoric Fairly good
1270 Low Good Fairly good Fairly good from -5 to 70 Poor poor High
esters
Mixtures of 1150 Low Good Fairly good Fairly good from -5 to 70 Poor poor High
esters and
chlorides From 930 High Excellent Fairly good Fairly good from -5 to 90 Poor poor Low
to 1030
Silicones

34 | GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017



36 | GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017

GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017 | 37

38 | GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017

GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017 | 39

40 | GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017

POST SHOW REPORT

IMTEX 2017 - TOOLTECH 2017

An ini a ve of IMTMA, IMTEX is a flagship event for the and delega ons from as many as 22 countries.
Indian Machine Tool industry. It is South and South East Asia's
apex exhibi on showcasing the latest trends as well as Trade delega ons from sectors such as auto components,
technological refinements from India and other global automobiles, aerospace, defence, railways, power, capital
players. The mega event a racts visitors from a wide goods, consumer goods, space technologies, etc. visited the
spectrum of manufacturing and ancillary industries including exhibi on which featured over 1000 exhibitors. The group
key decision and policy makers as well as industry captains par cipa on this me was from 7 countries: China, Germany,
who are keen to source latest technologies and Spain, Italy, USA, Taiwan and Czech Republic.
manufacturing solu ons for their product lines.
Tooltech, the premier event concurrent to IMTEX 2017
Tooltech showcased machine tool accessories, metrology and
CAD/CAM cu ng tools, tooling systems and current trends in
Tooltech 2017 the concurrent show of IMTEX was organized the tooling industry. Tooltech showcased recent innova ons
by Indian Machine Tool Manufacturers' Associa on (IMTMA) in technology, design and product development to achieve
from 26th January 2017 to 1st February 2017 at the Bangalore compe veness and excellence in the machine tool industry.
Interna onal Exhibi on Centre (BIEC) in Bengaluru. The new
hall of around 17,500 sq.mts.built was an add-on to the It highlighted recent innova ons in technology, design &
exis ng infrastructure. product development with the aim to bring cost

The Industry got an opportunity to showcase its innova ons Imparting knowledge on Machine Tool Industry
in 6 halls covering a gross area of 66,000 sq.mts. The sow was for young engineers
a ended by Manufacturers, suppliers, visitors, researchers

GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017 | 41



CONEXPO SPECIAL

HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS
AND HYDRAULICS

GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017 | 43

CONEXPO SPECIAL

44 | GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017

CONEXPO SPECIAL

Articulated Truck Asphalt Pavers Backhoe Loaders Cold Planers Compactors

Compact Multi Dozers Draglines Drills Electric Rope Excavators
Terrain Loaders Shovels

Feller Bunchers Forest Machines Forwarder Harvestors Highwall Miners

Hydraulic Mining Shovel Knuckleboom Loaders Material Handlers Motors Graders Off - Highway Truck

GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017 | 45

CONEXPO SPECIAL

On - Highway Truck Pipe Layers Road Reclaimers Skidders Skidders Site Prep Tractors

Skidd Steer Loaders Surface Mining Conveyor System Telehandlers Track Loaders

Underground Hardrock Underground Longwall Underground Mining Underground Room and
Conveyor System Pillar

Wheel Dozers Wheel Excavators Wheel Loaders Wheel- Tractor Scrapers

VOLVO HITACHI

46 | GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017

CONEXPO SPECIAL

LIEBHERR SANY ZOOMLION DOOSAN

Vickers Multiple Stack Manual-electrical Control
Directional & Relief Valves

GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017 | 47

CONEXPO SPECIAL

MADILL Feller Buncher
MARAIS Trenching Equipment

48 | GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017



CONEXPO SPECIAL

Permco and Cassapa Gear Pumps have been profusely used in
Hyva Products

50 | GLOBAL MDA JOURNAL | FEB-MAR-2017


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