Energy Efficiency-The Key Pillar of Cambodia’s Energy Future

Energy Efficiency

The key pillar of Cambodia’s Energy Future

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Cambodia Office
Boeng Keng Kang 1
Phnom Penh
P.O. Box 877
www.kh.undp.org

Low Carbon Development WHY ENERGY EFFICIENCY IS SO THE KEY ISSUES OF A SUSTAINABLE
Low Carbon DevelopmentIMPORTANT FOR CAMBODIA?ENERGY SUPPLY

Energy Efficiency What role does energy ENERGY SECURITY
efficiency play in
for Low-carbon Development —
Cambodia’s future? Reliable energy supply is the foundation for eco-
Energy efficiency means using less energy to provide the nomic development. Cambodia has been investing
same service. For example, an LED lamp is more efficient heavily in the construction of new power plants and
than a traditional incandescent bulb as it uses much less importing energy to fulfill its growing electricity de-
electricity to produce the same amount of light. Similarly, mand. Roughly one third of the power demand and
an efficient air conditioner takes less power to cool your the whole transport sector rely on the import of
home to a given temperature than a less efficient model. fossil fuels like coal, LPG and other petroleum prod-
--- ucts, which are the are main cause of human-made
The phrase ENERGY EFFICIENCY is often used as a shorthand greenhouse gas emissions.
to describe any kind of energy-saving measure, though tech-
nically it is different from energy conservation. The concept SUSTAINABILITY
of energy conservation implies reducing the use of energy,
which can also include behavior change. Examples of energy —
conservation are turning off computers and lights in the of- Energy efficiency and renewable energy are the
fice during lunch breaks or using natural ventilation to cool TWIN PILLARS of a sustainable energy system. In
a building instead of electricity consuming air conditioning. Cambodia, energy efficiency has enormous eco-
nomic potentials and can play a vital role in ensur-
PA G E 02 ing the country’s low carbon development path.
Saving energy also reduces the use of fossil fuels,
which is essential to lower Cambodia’s dependency
on energy imports as well as to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions that contribute to global warming.

SAVING MONEY

—
For a consumer, the primary motivation of energy
efficiency is simply saving money by lowering the
energy bill. For many countries, companies, and in-
dividuals around the world, energy efficiency is an
attractive investment because it is cost-effective.

PA G E 03

Decouple Energy Use from Quality of Life The Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency

Energy Efficiency Goals

Energy Intensity Increase Energy cost Reduced
Energy intensity is used to measure the energy efficiency of an economy. It is calculated as units of Asset Savings GHG
energy used to produce one unit of welfare (expressed in GDP). The conventional fossil-fuel based Values
development path implied the increase of energy intensity with raising prosperity. In contrast, the new Emissions
low-carbon development aims to decouple economic activities from energy use.
Balanced
ENERGY INTENSITY expansion Energy
of Power Security
The higher the energy intensity of a economy, the more energy is required to produce economic growth.
Cambodia’s economy needs 1.8 times more energy than Philippines to produce one unit of GDP. GDP Sector Energy Efficiency
Improvement
HOW MUCH ENERGY IS USED Better
TO PRODUCE A UNIT OF GDP Resource
COMPARED TO THE EU Management
AVERAGE?
Goals & Beneits
Goals & Benefits
Decreased
Energy used to produce one Energy
million Euro of GDP Prices

(ton oil equivalent) Mitigating
Local Air
6.14 5.81 5.36 4.65 3.67 3.43 3.07 2.88 Pollution Job
Creation
VIETNAM CAMBODIA THAILAND MALAYSIA JAPAN INDONESIA PHILIPPINES MYANMAR

Figure adapted from E3G - Third Generation Environmentalism. https://www.e3g.org/ Comment: 20D16adattaa SouSorucrcee::IEIAEaAndaUnN SdtatUistNics Statistics from 2016 Industrial
Productivity
Commissioned by E3G – Partners: Energiaklub Climate Policy Institute & Applied Communications (HU) | Centre for Infographics:
Third Generation Environmentalism. Transport and Energy (CZ) | Glopolis (CZ) | Polish Ecological Club (PL)

Policy Goals Skilled
Technical
ASEAN1 countries have committed to reducing its total energy intensity by 30% in 2025 compared to Employment Health &
Well Being
the 2005 level. At the national level, Cambodia targets to reduce the final energy consumption by 20%

in 2035 as compared to the business-as-usual scenario.2 This would result in reduced energy intensity

of 65% in 2035 relative to 2014.3

The Royal Government of Cambodia has drafted the National Energy Efficiency Policy which sets the Energy Saving Potentials for Cambodia

goal to reduce energy use in industries and buildings by 25% and in the transport sector by 15%. These BUILDINGS

targets could be achieved cost-effectively by applying a four-folded strategy focusing on (1) aware- 25 % INDUSTRY TRANSPORT

25 % 15 %

ness-raising, (2) financial incentives, (3) capacity building, and (4) energy efficiency standards.  Source: National Energy Efficiency Policy Draft (2017)

1 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a regional intergovernmental organization comprising ten countries in Southeast Asia, which PA G E 05
promotes intergovernmental cooperation
2 A business-as-usual (BAU) scenario in an energy demand forecast model assumes no significant change in people's attitudes and priorities, or no
major changes in technology, economics, or policies.
3 MME. (2017). National Energy Efficiency Policy 2018-2035 (Draft). Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC).

PA G E 04

Green and efficient Buildings LEARNING ABOUT ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS

How to design an efficient building in Cambodia

Basic design strategies for more comfort and a lower electricity bill

THE CONSTRUCTION BOOM AND SAVING OPPORTUNTIES REDUCE WINDOW AREA ENHANCED NATURAL AIRTIGHTNESS
VENTILATION
--- In hot climates, direct solar Infiltration in the buildings adds
The construction industry has experienced remarkable growth since Cambodia opened to radiation should be reduced Design your building as much significantly to uncontrolled heat
foreign investment in the 1990s. Construction is along with garments, rice, and tourism, as much as possible. A win- as possible for natural ven- transfer. Spaces that are air-con-
one of the four pillars of the country’s economy.1 Since the year 2000, Cambodia’s Min- dow area of 20% of the entire tilation. Cross ventilation or ditioned should be adequately
istry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction (MLMUPC) has approved building façade can provide stack ventilation will ensure sealed. This minimizes heat leak-
43,136 construction projects on a total land area of 114 million square meters with an proper daylighting. Windows proper cooling for corridors, age through cracks of the building
investment capital more than US$43 billion.2 on the east and west façade stairwells, and temporally oc- and reduces cooling energy. Install
--- should be avoided. cupied spaces. modern doors and windows that
The building sector is the largest final energy consumer after transport and industry, with ensure airtightness.
an estimated share of 40%.3 It is estimated that buildings’ energy consumption will more
than double until 2040. Promoting energy efficiency could save up to 25% of building en-
ergy use and result in cumulative CO2 emissions savings of 17.8 million tons4. Furthmore,
building users will save Millions US-Dollar in energy bills.
Efficient Buildings
Efficient Buildings
SHADING OF WINDOWS MODERN WINDOWS THAT BUILDING INSULATION
Cambodia today We can save money and the planet! PROTECT FROM THE SUN
Horizontal shading devices Building envelope insulation
on the southern façade and Install modern windows that is required to reach and re-
vertical on the east and west close tightly and have a low tain low energy levels. This
façade can reduce solar heat solar heat gain coefficient includes highly insulated roofs
gains considerably. (SHGC <0.25). Low SHGC can with a recommended U-val-
Awnings and louvers can re- be achieved by a low-E coat- ue of 0.41 W/m²K or better.
duce solar heat gain by 65% ing or a slightly tinted window A well-insulated roof will also
on equator facing facades and film. This will also reduce the reduce solar heat gains from
up to 80% on East and west fa- cooling energy. For commer- direct solar exposure.
cades. cial buildings double glazing is
highly recommended.

40%OF ENERGY 17.8 MILLION TONS EQUIVALENT TO LIGHT-COLORED ROOF AND INSTALL EFFICIENT SMART ENERGY METERS
IS USED IN OF CO2 SAVINGS 300 BILLION TREE SEEDLINGS APPLIANCES
BUILDINGS THROUGH GROWN FOR 10 YEARS WALL MATERIALS Smart meters display your
Install only energy-efficient electricity usage in real-time,
ENERGY EFFICIENCY An easy and zero or low-cost appliances because they are so you can see exactly how
way to reduce cooling require- the most efficient and will save much you are spending on en-
UNTIL 2035 ments is to use light-colored you money in the future. If you ergy. They can help save you
rather than dark-colored walls plan to install a central cooling money by identifying energy
1 ADB. (2014). Cambodia - Diversifying beyond garments and tourism - Country Diagnostic Study. Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/ and roofing materials. It is system, consider the efficient leakages. You can try out new
files/publication/149852/cambodia-diversifying-country-diagnostic-study.pdf well known that light colors VRF technology. This will not energy-saving strategies and
2 Ministry of Information. (2018). Over 43,000 Construction Projects Approved in Nearly 20 Years. Retrieved from https://www.information.gov.kh/ reflect solar radiation. Raising only reduce your electricity bill see in real-time how much en-
detailnews/252358 the albedo by 0.4 can lead to but also improve the thermal ergy you save.
3 IEA. (2019) World Energy Balances 2019. Retrieved from https://www.iea.org/subscribe-to-data-services/world-energy-balances-and-statistics a reduction of cooling energy comfort and air quality in your
4 MME. (2017). National Energy Efficiency Policy 2018-2035 (Draft). Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC). by 20 %. building.

PA G E 06 PA G E 07

Cambodia APPLIANCE USE FINAL ENERGY USE IN HOUSEHOLDS

Energy use in households 99% PHNOM PENH OVERALL CAMBODIA
FANS
Energy use in residential buildings is dominated by lighting, cooking, refrigeration, and space cool-
ing. Cooking still has the highest consumption share, in particular, in the rural area, due to biomass 77%
use for cooking. This is expected to change because people will purchase more electrical devices as
their income levels rise. REFRIGERATOR
The penetration rate of highly consuming appliance such as air conditioning and refrigerators are
still lower than in the neighboring countries. But those with air conditioning in Cambodia use them 50%
on average 14 hours per day, mostly during the night. Space cooling and refrigeration are likely to
increase dramatically in the upcoming years, given rising income levels.1 AIR CONDITIONER

Household Energy Use 45%
Household Energy Use
DESIGN FOR SAVINGS WASHING MACHINE Energy-intensive space cooling and refrigeration are likely to increase
dramatically in the upcoming years, given rising income levels...
Climate-responsive building design and the use of energy-efficient technologies can reduce the
necessity of cooling. Climate-responsive architecture aims to create a comfortable interior while PENETRATION RATE OF HOUSEHOLDS APPLIANCES
lowering the building’s reliance on electrical energy. In a hot climate like Cambodia, solar control
and natural ventilation are the main design strategies. Fan
About 21% of energy savings in Cambodian homes can be achieved by improving natural ventila- Television sets
tion, lighting control, energy-saving bulbs, and low-E coated glass. For office buildings, there are Electric rice cookers
24% energy saving potential by reducing the window area, reflective painting on external walls and
roof as well as energy-saving light.2 Refrigerators
Irons
HOMES 21% SAVINGS through OFFICES 24% SAVINGS through Cambodia
AC units Phnom Penh
• NATURAL VENTILATION • REDUCING WINDOW AREA Washing machines
• LIGHTING CONTROL • REFLECTIVE PAINTING OF EXTERNAL 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
• ENERGY-SAVING BULBS Mobile phones
• LOW-E COATED WINDOWS WALLS AND ROOF Personal computers Percentage of households using the appliance category
• ENERGY-SAVING LIGHTING Electric water heaters

0%

1 Murakoshi, C. (2017). State of residential energy consumption in Southeast Asia. ECEE 2017 Summer Study - Consumption, Efficiency & Limits, 1489–1499. Source: Building Energy Structure and Lifestyle Database of Asia (2018). Retrieved from https://www.belda.asia/
2 IFC. (2018). Cambodia: Green Buildings Return on Investment. Retrieved from www.edgebuildings.com PA G E 09

PA G E 08

How much money can you save?

What is energy labeling? Inefficient household Efficient household

ENERGY EFFICIENCY LABELS ARE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE ACCURATE Power 90 Watt Lighting 25 Watt
AND COMPARABLE INFORMATION ON THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION Consumption 187 kWh/year 52 kWh/year
OF ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES. Cost USD 10
USD 35

This helps consumers to identify more energy-efficient products at the PROPOSED ENERGY EFFICIENCY Power 200 Watt Refrigerator 100 Watt
time of purchase. Buying more efficient equipment, consumers can save LABEL FOR CAMBODIA Consumption 1,022 kWh/year 511 kWh/year
money on their energy bills while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Cost USD 95
Source: MME (2019) USD 189
---

The energy label is the same for all products in each category, e.g., refrig-
erators, which makes all products comparable. The energy label classifies
products from 1 to 5 according to the national standard, 5 being the most
energy-efficient class, and 1 the least energy-efficient. All manufacturers
that want to sell a product must follow a defined testing procedure and
get the energy label for their product.

---

Energy labeling enables consumers to choose more energy-efficient
products. At the same time, it also encourages manufacturers to drive
innovation by using more energy-saving technologies. Manufacturers are
keen to see their energy-labeled products in the highest available catego-
ry when compared to competitors. Step by step, electrical appliances are
becoming more and more efficient.
Energy Labelling
Energy Labelling
Power 1,200 Watt Cooling 100 Watt
Consumption 3,942 kWh/year 1,643 kWh/year
Cost USD 304
USD 729

SAVING POTENTIAL Lighting, refrigerator and air conditioners are the major TOTAL
electricity consuming devices in a typcial urban mid- ANNUAL SAVINGS
Energy labeling and minimum efficiency standards for household devices are one of the most promising policy instru- dle-class household of Cambodia. By replacing all devices
ments. Introducing energy labeling for five appliance categories in Cambodia could result in 30% annual electricity savings in these categories by the most-efficient technology, each Electricity: 3,000 kWh
in 2030.1 These savings would amount to US$ 280 Million savings in energy cost equivalent to the investment required family could save up to 3,000 Kilowatt-hours of electricity Cost: USD 545
for building two new power plants.2 and 545 US-Dollar in energy cost every year.

MAJOR ENERGY CONSUMING EQUIPEMENT2

LIGHTING COOLING EQUIPMENT

30% ANNUAL SAVE ELECTRICTY EQUIVALENT TO MORE THAN

ELECTRICITY SAVINGS IN WORTH OF 2 POWER PLANTS

2030 US$280 MILLION (100MW EACH)

All Lighting Residential Room Air Industrial Distribution
Refrigerators Conditioners
Electric Motors Transformers

1 Compared to Business-as-usual scenario PA G E 11
2 GEF/UNEP. (2020). U4E Country Savings Assessment. Retrieved from https://united4efficiency.org/countries/country-assessments/

PA G E 10

More competitiveness through energy efficiency What are the benefits of an
industrial energy audit?
Energy-efficient Industries

THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR CONSUMES ABOUT 22% OF TOTAL ELECTRICITY IN CAM- Comprehensive Identification Opportunity to Benchmarking
BODIA. ALTHOUGH POWER IS EXPENSIVE, IT IS WASTED. ENERGY AUDITS AND AS- analysis of the en- of EE measures and reduce production of industries by
SESSMENTS CONDUCTED BY PROJECT INTERVENTIONS IN FACTORIES HAVE SHOWN ergy use pattern calculated energy sav- costs and improve using the energy
THAT ENORMOUS SAVINGS COULD BE ACHIEVED. ENERGY MANAGEMENT IS NOT YET ings including economic intensity to com-
A STANDARD PRACTICE IN CAMBODIA'S INDUSTRIES DUE TO A LACK OF AWARENESS in the factory the company's pare with other
AND KNOWLEDGE. feasibility competitiveness.
industries

But what is ENERGY MANAGEMENT? Energy ing or factory with the objective to identify
management is well-planned actions that energy saving opportunities. Many energy
help an organization to reduce its energy saving measures are low-hanging fruits and
bills and is crucial to promote energy ef- require no or marginal investment. They
ficiency in industries. The two main ener- are achieved by improving maintenance
gy management strategies are conserva- and optimizing operations. Up-grading of
tion and efficiency. Energy management existing equipment by modern energy ef-
requires the establishment of a system of ficient equipment can improve the indus-
collection, analysis, and reporting on the try’s competitiveness by decreasing the
industry’s energy consumption and costs. energy intensity and, at the same time, the
An ENERGY AUDIT is an inspection survey, negative environmental impact.
Competitive Industries
Competitive Industries
1 ENERGY AUDIT 2 PRIORITISE
The energy audit is the Locate each EE interven-
first step of the broader tion from your audit and

journey towards im- prioritize to available
provement in energy resources and time.

performance.

and an analysis of energy flows in a build- 6 REVIEW The energy 3 PLAN & ASSIGN
Periodic review and management Establish a project team
evaluation is critical to suc- and assign responsibilities
cess. Return to step 1 or 2 cycle Set target and goal using
to identify new saving
feasible performance
opportunities. indicators.

5 STRATEGISE 4 IMPLEMENT
Involve all stakeholders Implement simple oper-
to develop long term plans ational EE practices first
for high-value improvement and larger scale priorities
and long-term savings.
later.

PA G E 12 PA G E 13

Eco-Industrial Parks ESCO Model

From SEZ to Eco-SEZ Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Cambodia have limited financial re-
sources and cannot build up in-house technical capacity in energy efficiency.
ONE PRIMARY DRIVER OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN The ESCO approach could fill the gap and provide a viable solution for promot-
CAMBODIA IS THE SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES (SEZ). in g e n ergy co n s e r vat io n ove r t h e wh o le in d u st r ial s e cto r.

An eco-industrial park or Eco-SEZ is a com- An energy service company (ESCO) is a business The phases of a typical ESCO project
munity of manufacturing and service busi- that provides energy audits and implementation
ness which cooperate with each other and of energy savings projects. Most ESCOs include ENERGY AUDIT
with the local community to reduce waste innovative financing methods that accept some PLANNING
and pollution, as well as efficiently share degree of financial risk. The ESCO starts by per-
resources such as information, materials, forming an energy audit at the factory or build- IMPLEMENTATION
water, energy, infrastructure, and natural ing; then, it designs an energy efficient solution MONITORING
resources. and installs the required equipment. The ESCO is
The overall aim is to drive sustainable de- often also responsible for maintaining the system
velopment by increasing economic gains to ensure energy savings during the payback pe-
and improving environmental quality. riod. The factory or building owner pays back the
capital investment through the savings in energy
MAXIMIZE ENERGY EFFICIENCY costs. If the project does not provide returns on
— the investment, the ESCO is often responsible for
paying the difference.
From SEZ to Eco-SEZ One of the essential dimensions of the eco-industrial park is to max-
imize energy efficiency and ensure reliable and clean energy supply.
ESCO PROJECTThis can be achieved through energy-efficient facility and factory
design, co-generation, waste heat recovery, and real-time energy
From SEZ to Eco-SEZmonitoring.

PA G E 14 IMPROVED COMPETETIVENESS
—

The benefits for the industries are reduced production costs through

increased material and energy efficiency, which leads to profit maxi-

mization. Industries will become more familiar with EE technologies

and technique and, thus, improve their competitiveness.

PA G E 15

Sustainable and The Pyramid of Sustainable Transport

Efficient transport Walking/Running
Cycling
GLOBAL CO2 EMISSIONS FROM THE TRANSPORT SECTOR ARE WALK-
PROJECTED TO INCREASE NEARLY 50% BY 2030. THIS MIGHT ABILITY Public Transport
HAVE PROFOUND ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL Rickshaw/Tuk Tuk
CONSEQUENCES UNLESS DRAMATIC CHANGES ARE ADOPTED. Car Sharing
Own Car/Bike
Local Impact CYCLING
— LANES

Rapid motorization is creating more congestion, air
pollution, and traffic accidents - especially in the urban
centres of developing countries like Cambodia. It is esti-
mated that traffic accidents cost Cambodia as much as
US$337 million per year.1 Air pollution is also a signifi-
cant health hazard contributing to respiratory diseases
like asthma and the premature death of over 11,400
Cambodian every year.2
Sustainable Transport Flying
Sustainable Transport
Figure adapted from Bicycle Innovation Lab. Copenhagen.

CO2 Emissions per
Passenger Kilometer

Solutions Plane Cab Two Wheeler
—
130.2g 124.5g 83g
Sustainable transport solutions are available. For better
health, less noise and pollution, walking and cycling are City Bus Rail Cycling
near the top of what urban regions need. Therefore, it is
necessary to create a good network of shady side walks PUBLIC ELECTRIC
and cycling lanes. TRANSPORT VEHICLES
Switching from fossil fuel-powered engines to electric
vehicles has the potential to reduce global transport
emissions by 35%. Electric vehicles together with public
transportation can provide a cleaner solution for trans-
portation in Asian urban centers.

66.8g 45.6g 0.0g

Figure adapted from https://www.theneweconomy.com/home/the-knowledge-boxouts/c02-emissions-per-passenger

1 OECD/ITF. (2015). Cambodia. Road Safety Annual Report 2015. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/irtad-2015-10-en PA G E 17
2 Estimation from WHO (2012). Restrieved from https://southeastasiaglobe.com/air-pollution-phnom-penh/

PA G E 16

Energy Efficiency Policy | Bridging the gap

Where we stand now? Benefits
—
Cambodia is a booming lower mid- —
dle-income country where the newly Economic development: Energy expenditure makes up a significant share
emerging middle class is adopting more of a household or business budget. Increasing energy productivity through
resource-intensive life-styles. Conse- energy efficiency measures has the potential to slow the growth of ener-
quently, electricity consumption per cap- gy demand in Cambodia. Each additional $1 spent on energy efficiency
ita has risen sharply within recent years. avoids more than $2, on average, invested in new power plants.1 Energy
The government is struggling to catch efficiency frees up capital for other strategic investments, helping the gov-
up with the power demand growth. The ernment face multiple competing demands for scarce financial resources.
country-wide adoption of energy con-
servation and energy efficiency practic- Social benefits: Energy efficiency can stretch existing electricity resources
es is essential to ensure a low-carbon further, helping to provide better energy access, reliability, and security. It
development path. First initiatives have will also help to keep electricity prices low and affordable. A more energy
shown that energy efficiency does not efficient transport sector reduces air pollution lowering the health risk for
only reduce carbon emission but also Cambodia’s urban population. Energy-efficient buildings are more com-
saves money in energy bills. The Royal fortable and healthier; people working in a healthy environment are more
government of Cambodia now has the productive. Establishing an energy efficiency market in Cambodia will cre-
opportunity to set the stage for transfor- ate thousands of new jobs providing the country’s young workforce new
mation towards a more sustainable and income opportunities.
energy-efficient society.
Environmental sustainability: Energy efficiency has tremendous potential
to boost economic growth and avoid greenhouse gas emissions. Most of
EE technologies are commercially available today, and many of them de-
liver positive financial returns within relatively short payback periods. In
Cambodia, cumulative GHG emission savings from energy efficiency could
amount to 48 Million tons in 2040. This is equivalent to 3 billion tree seed-
lings grown for ten years.
Energy Efficiency Policy
Energy Efficiency Policy

ACTION 1 ACTION 2 ACTION 3 ACTION 4 ACTION 5 ACTION 6

Approve National Energy Effi- Conduct country-wide awareness Develop and enforce energy effi- Integrate energy regulations into Establish an energy management Enable incentives and financing
and audit scheme
ciency Policy campaigns on energy efficiency ciency labels for appliances existing construction law Many countries have set mandatory for energy efficiency
Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) The success of an energy efficiency initiative MME is currently developing the Sub-de- The MLMUPC launched the Construc- energy management and audit regu- Incentives and finance can help energy effi-
developed the National Energy Efficiency depends on people even more than technolo- cree on Energy Efficiency Labels. When tion Law in December 2019. This new lations for large electricity consumers ciency projects to overcome economic bar-
Policy between 2015 and 2017. This pol- gy. Comprehensive awareness and education- enacted energy consuming household law was urgently needed to address the such as garment industries, hotels and riers, such as those related to high upfront
icy is crucial to set the regulative frame- al programs are the key to achieving energy devices like air-conditioners, refrigera- regulatory gap of Cambodia’s booming shopping malls. A national program for costs. Incentives like grants and rebates, as well
work for government actions to promote saving targets. The government shall lead by tors, and light bulbs can only be sold in construction sector. The construction of certified energy managers and auditors as tax incentives, help pay down some of the
energy efficiency. It targets three sectors: example and set the regulatory framework Cambodia if they carry the Khmer star en- more energy-consuming buildings was will be required to develop local know- upfront cost of investing in energy efficiency.
(1) Buildings, conditions. The private sector and NGOs ergy label. Energy efficiency labels pro- partly responsible for the power outages how. Energy management will not only Non-monetary incentives, such as granting
(2) Industry, and need to play a significant role in sending the vide consumers with information on the in 2019. Integrating energy regulation save energy and money in industries developers priority processing of permits or a
(3) Transport. message to the broad public. Behavior change efficiency of a product. The regulation will into the construction law could slow and buildings but also create new jobs greater allowed floor area, may be attractive to
Relevant line ministries will be actively among private-sector actors can be motivated also set minimum energy performance down energy demand growth and reduce for the young Cambodian workforce. the private market while requiring little or no
involved in the implementation of the EE by workplace engagement programs, com- requirements to ban the import of in-ef- power cuts. Such laws set minimum investment by the government. Green bonds,
policy. petitions, challenges, awareness campaigns, ficient appliances in the country. efficiency requirements for new and ren- 1Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and energy-efficiency credit lines, and risk-sharing
and other incentives that reward the best ovated buildings, assuring reductions in Construction facilities are possible financing solutions to
performers. energy use and emissions. The benefits drive the energy efficiency market in the coun-
of building users are lower energy bills. try.

1 WRI (2019). Retrieved from https://www.wri.org/blog/2016/05/4-surprising-ways-energy-efficient-buildings-benefit-cities PA G E 19
PA G E 18

Energy saving tips | Cut your energy bill at home!

Switch offEnergy Saving Tips COOLING
Switch-off lights, fans, air-conditioners, TV, Energy Saving Tips
and computers when not in use. Unneces- Cool down with less
sary operating household equipment con-
sumes electricity that you have to pay at Open windows and allow the breeze cool down your home
the end of the month. Also, avoid leaving early morning or during cooler evening hours. Natural venti-
TVs and other devices on standby mode by lation is free of cost. Using fans are less expensive to operate
connecting them to a multiplug that can be and maintain than air-conditioners. But remember to turn
switch-off completely. It is a myth that you off the fans when you leave the room. Fans cool people, not
will use less energy, leaving on the air-condi- rooms.
tioner while you are not home. What you are
really doing is wasting energy! Cool down smarter

Efficient Lighting During the hot season, the use of air conditioners (ACs) might
Replace all incandescent by good-quality be unavoidable to have a comfortable night. Set point tem-
LED light bulbs. This pays back immediately peratures between 26 and 28 degree Celsius create a com-
by lowering your electricity bill. If you are fortable indoor climate. You can save 3% of energy by raising
using CFL bulbs, replace them by LED when the AC’s temperature by 1 degree Celsius.
they don’t work anymore. During the cooler months, you might not require the AC
running the whole night. When you go to bed, use the timer
Replace old inefficient appliances function that can switch off the unit after a few hours. In this
Is your fridge or air conditioners at home way, you can save a lot of the money you spend on cooling
older than 5 years? Then you can save a lot down your home right now.
of energy when buying a new energy effi-
cient appliance. The investment will payback Keep the heat outside and the cold air inside
in less than 1 year. Look out for energy labels
stickers placed on new devices in the shops. Close doors and windows when your air conditioner is
Buy only 5-star labelled refrigerator, freez- switched on. Seal air gaps around doors and windows to re-
ers, amd air-conditioners, and you lower duce air leakage. Install solar screens, shutters or curtains
your electricity bill right now. and close to avoid that direct sun radiation heat up your
home. The roof is responsible for a significant part of solar
PA G E 20 gains in hot climates. Paint your roof of light color, and you
will save energy investing little money. Adding an insulation
layer under the roof or on the suspended ceiling under the
roof will keep the heat outside.

Keep your AC clean

Follow the cleaning schedule described in the manual of your
AC equipment! Monthly cleaning of inside air filters allows
the system to run efficiently. Split ACs must be cleaned by
your technician every six months if you use them regularly.

PA G E 21

Save energy at your office | Energy saving tips Install
smart energy meters
Running a business can be expensive, from employee salaries to maintaining the office building. Sav- Use power
ing energy in the office can help reduce energy bill of your company or organization and reduce your management settings Smart energy meters can display your
contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. Here is a practical guide on how you can save energy in the electricity usage in real time, so you see ex-
office in several ways. On computers, printers, and other actly how much you’re spending on energy.
pieces of office equipment, use the Smart meters are becoming more popular
Switch off Reduce recommended power management than ever in offices — and they could help
standby losses settings to shut them off or go into save you money. Brainstorm with your green
Remind everyone in the office hibernate mode when technology team on new energy saving measures. Behav-
to turn off their electronics at the end Most appliances constantly use ior changes can lead up to 20% of electricity
of the day. It’s important that every- energy because of standby settings. These is not in use. savings at zero cost. Try out new energy saving
one also power down electronics energy losses cannot be turned off with-
when they are not in use. Contrary to out unplugging the device altogether. Al- strategies and see in real-time how
popular belief, shutting off your com- though this may be true for some chargers, much energy you save.
puter at the end of the day will not most chargers use “standby power” while
plugged in but not connected to their de- Install a variable Regular
shorten its lifespan and can vice. The only way is to connect electrical refrigerant flow (VRF) maintenance for
save a lot of energy. efficient cooling
appliances to a multiplug that can cooling system
be switch-off entirely at the Make sure that your HVAC system is
end of the day. For larger offices, we recommend the instal- cleaned and maintained on a routine
lation of energy efficient VRF Cooling sys- basis. Follow the cleaning schedule in-
tems. This will not only reduce your electric- structed by the manufacturer of your AC
ity bill but also improve the thermal comfort equipment. A clean and working HVAC
and air quality in your office. Studies around system will help to reduce your energy
the world have shown that a more comfort-
able working environment increases the pro- bills and make sure your employees
feel comfortable
ductivity of your employees.
Energy Saving Tips
Energy Saving Tips
Smart and
efficient lighting Less energy
for cooling
Replace all incandescent and CFL bulbs
by good-quality energy-efficient LED Close doors and windows when your
light bulbs. This pays back immediately air conditioner is switched on. Seal air gaps
by lowering your electricity bill. The eas- around doors and windows and apply weather
iest way to keep lights off when they’re stripping to prevent energy loss that drives up
not in use are occupancy sensors. Con- cooling energy bills. Operate the ceiling fan in
sider installing such sensors in bath- conjunction with your air conditioner to spread
rooms, staircases, and corridors where the cooled air more effectively throughout the
room and operate the air conditioner at a high-
continuous lighting is not required. er temperature. Changing your AC settings by

Protect as little as one degree Celsius could r
your windows from educe your annual bill
by up to 3%.
the heat
SET UP A GREEN DREAM TEAM
Many office buildings in Cambodia have Engage your staff in energy saving and other sustainability challenges by forming a green team in your office. A green team is
large glazing areas to provide a modern look typically a few people that get together once a month and discuss ways to make the office eco-friendlier and reduce energy use.
and good daylighting. Having your desk next The green team might create an office policy to ensure all the lights in your office are turned off, including lights in bathrooms,
to the window might be uncomfortably hot. kitchen areas, and meeting rooms. Join an energy efficiency competition and compete with another office in achieving energy
Let in the light, not the heat by applying a sun savings. If everyone in your organization is aware about saving opportunities and changes its behavior accordingly, you can save
protecting window film where direct sunlight up to 15% of your electricity bill.
shines several hours into your office. This will
reduce the energy bill for your cooling system. PA G E 23

You can also install shades, blinds,
and other sun-blocking
devices instead.

PA G E 22