Saanvi's Ancient Civilization Interactive NB (1)

A Look at the

Mississippian, Maya,

Aztec and Inca

Civilizations

Ancient Civilizations
of the WBy: estern
HemBisyp:here

Saanvi Gulati

Learning About Time

Watch the “Commonly Asked Questions about Dates” video on
Schoology to learn about the abbreviations/key words listed
below. As you watch, pause the video and write in your own
words what each of these means.

What does B.C. stand B.C stands for Before Christ or
for when looking at before Jesus was born.

dates? A.D stands for Anno Domini, which
actually means “In the year of our
What does A.D. stand Lord”
for when looking at

dates?

What does B.C.E. stand B.C.E stands for Before Common Era.
for when looking at
dates?

What does C.E. stand C.E stands for Common Era.
for when looking at

dates?

What do c. and ca. C. or ca. Actually mean Circa. This
stand for when looking means around or about. They use
this when they do not know the exact
at dates? time period when this was used or
found

Multiple-tier Timelines

The
Mississippians

The Mississippians were an ancient civilization. Sadly, they are gone now but
we have so much to learn from them! They had lots of agriculture. They had
lots of different beliefs. Many traditions were associated with mythical
creatures such as the serpent and many types of birds. The Mississippians
traded with others to make weapons, clothing, food and much more! The
Mississippians used to settle down near a river or stream, therefore they got
their name!

The Mississippians were known for their mounds, as they are also called
the Mound Builders. They have huge mounds many are famous such as the
Great Serpent Mound. Their mounds were used for burial grounds and they
respected the dead in mounds. No one actually knows how they made their
mounds but many people believe that they sculpted the Earth and rocks. The
mounds were very vital to the Mississippians and their culture.

The most Mississippians farmed for a living. It was important to the
culture. They were horticulturalists which means they grew their own crops.
They grew their crops in small gardens in which they grew squash, beans,
sunflowers, goosefoot, sumpweed, and other plants. They grew so much
that corn and squash became a daily meal! They also traded their food for
other items. Agriculture was a huge part of the Mississippian lifestyle.

Lastly, hunting was also added into the Mississippian diet. The
Mississippian culture understood that they couldn’t live off only plants. So,
they decided to hunt. Along, with wild plants and fruits and nuts, they
hunted for deer, turkey, and other small animals. They also hunted for fish,
shellfish, and turtles,from nearby ponds or rivers. They could hunt for fish
because they usually settled around bodies of water. Hunting was just as
important as agriculture to the Mississippians.

The Mississippians had many parts to their lifestyle. Their lifestyle
included, agriculture, mounds, hunting, and much more. The Mississippian
culture continued growing, until they vanished! We still have some artifacts
of this amazing culture!

Where in the World…
Were the Mississippian Located?

What is the approximate latitude
and longitude of the location you
colored?
What might the weather be like in
this location based on the latitude
and longitude?

What is the approximate latitude and longitude of the location you colored?
he area of South Appalachian Mississippian is near Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina and
abama. 32.1 North and 82.9 West

What might the climate be like in this location based on the latitude and longitude?
he climate would be hot and warmer than most places.
ow would this affect the way people live in this area?
nce, they live in a hotter area their need for water would be higher than necessary. They should
ear less / thinner clothing because of the climate. Their shelter would need better air flow.

What’s This?

Study this picture and then answer the questions
on the next page.

What’s This?

Use the picture on the previous page to answer the following
questions. *Note these answers are all based on your
observations at this point!

This is the Great What is
Serpent Mound this?

The big circle is What is the
something the circle on the
Serpent is eating. left side of the

It was used for graves drawing?
and burial mounds.
Why do you
think it was
made? What was
it used for?

The Great Serpent was a sacred creature Why do you
among the Mississippian culture and think they
because it represented the most chose this
malevolent creature.
shape?
The Mississippians probably made this by
sculpting the Earth and rocks. How do you
think they
made this?

The Mounds

Read the Khan Academy article posted in your
Schoology course: Fort Ancient Culture: Great
Serpent Mound. After you read, complete the
page below with your team.

Describe the physical attributes What do archeologists believe
of the Serpent Mound in your might be the reason the mounds

own words: are shaped like a serpent?

The Great Serpent Mound has a wide Archaeologists believe that serpents
open jaw and a circle that people were very sacred creatures to the
believe is a sun or frog. The mound is Mississippian culture.
covered in grass and has seven coils in
between the snake. Which people think
represent the phases of the moon.

No one actually knows who built the They put a lot of time and effort. Danielle Knight GO Interactive, 2015
Great Serpent. Archaeologists think that They were building something
that the Mississippians built the mound. sacred, they were proud of the
mound so they were kept with high
value.

Who is believed to have created What relationship generalization
it? can you make between the
mounds and the people who
built them?

Research the Relationships

Explore the Mississippian links in the Symbaloo posted in your
Schoology course as well as in the books and other resources available
in class to complete this organizer.

What was the government like? There was a Chiefdom. He had a portion of
Did powerful relationships exist everybody’s crops. Sometimes he took some of the
populations hunt from killing. There was also chiefs
between the people and their and they were like the royal family. The relationship
leaders? between the chiefdom and the people was the
chiefdom took food for exchange for order. They
How was their society set up? worshiped their leader and they believed that their
What were the types of jobs leader was a god.
people had? Were the jobs people
did purposeful for the civilization? The chiefdom was the highest ranking person in the
society. They controlled the order of the society. The
Describe their religion. Did the second highest officer were the chiefs. They were just a
relationship the people had with symbol for the civilization. Since, the Mississippians grew
their gods and religious leaders their own crops most of them were farmers. The rest of
the society were hunters. There were 2 main groups the
follow rules? Elite and Commoners. The Commoners did hard labor and
the Elite group were worshiped a bit more and they were
What did the people invent, create, known as like gods.
or trade that allowed them to
exchange ideas or values with The religion of the Mississippian culture had many of their
others they had relationships traditions, rituals, and customs associated with mythical
with? creatures. The serpent was a very sacred creature it was
known as a fearful creature. There were also many
What was the agriculture like? different birds that they worshiped like the Thunderbird,
What food did they eat? How Piasa bird , and the Avanyu, which was not a bird but a
horned snake-like creature.
did they grow it? What
relationships did the people The Mississippians traded with people from the Gulf of
have with their environment? Mexico to the Great Lakes area. The gave a stone or rock
that was native to their land to make weapons in return
they received food, copper, clothing, pipes, headdresses
and masks. They invented stone axes and digging sticks
also known now as shovels. They also found out how to
make fire.

The Mississippians had increased squash and corn in their
diets because they had large quantities of them. They had
so much because they grew and traded for them. The
people were horticulturalists which means they grew their
own crops. They grew squash, beans, sunflowers,
goosefoot, sumpweed, and other plants. They grew their



The Maya

The Mayans are an Ancient Civilization. THey lived near the Yucatan Peninsula. They
contained many different customs which made them a very popular civilization. They grew
a lot of agriculture They grew crops and fruits such as, pumpkins,sweet
potatoes,cucumbers, watermelon, chili peppers, tomatoes, chote, avocados, breadfruit,
papaya, cotton, tobacco,vanilla, cacao, and a different assortments of wild fruit. The
peasants farmed. They also had a different social structure. Unlike other civilizations,
the Mayan Empire wasn’t a unified whole. It was separated into different and smaller
cities and states. One noble family controlled the city/ state. The nobles and the kings
looked down on the peasants. They were considered nothing compared to the king. The
king was superior. He lived in a step pyramid. The nobles were the second highest
people in the civilization, then the priests. The priests had a very close relationship to
the gods therefore, they were praised. The nacom was a military leader which was the
4th highest rank and then the commoners/peasants. The slaves were a tier lower than
the commoners. The slaves were usually sacrificed to the gods. The Maya people also
were very religious. They believed in many gods, they had gods for every aspect of
nature. The 2 gods they praised a lot were the Sun God and the Maize God. The Maya
thought the world had three different parts, the Heavens, the Earth, and The
Underworld. They also believed that to get to the Heavens you had to cross 3 layers of
the underworld. The kings and the people who were sacrificed to the gods were
thought to go straight to heaven. The Mayans also made very famous inventions. First,
they made the worldwide famous Mayan Calendar. They were also the first people to
recognize the number 0. They also invented chocolate drinks such as hot chocolate and
more! They had their own alphabet with sound instead of letters. With that they made
the first book called a codex or codices. The Mayans were an amazing civilization and
we still have so much to learn about them!

Where the Mayans lived affected how they lived. Mayans farmed a lot, but their
soil extremely rocky, but where they loved got 36 inches of rain per year. Since the
Mayans lived near the Yucatan Peninsula it was hot and humid, therefore they had to
wear thin clothing. Not only that, but they needed more water to keep hydrated. They
also could only plant some plants, because others wouldn’t be able to grow in the heat.
In Ohio, we can’t grow oranges because it is too cold for it here. So, they had to be
careful of what plants they were planting, because some could die quickly. That’s how
living where the Mayans did would affect how they lived.

Where in the World…
Were the Maya Located?

Map from ducksters.com What is the approximate latitude and
longitude of the center of the Maya
Empire?
90 degrees longitude and 15 degrees
latitude.
The relative location is close or south
Mexico.
What might the climate be like in this
location based on the latitude and
longitude?
This place will be hot and humid
because it is close to the equator.

How would this affect the way people
live in this area?
They will need to wear thin clothing
because it is hot and humid. They
probably had to grow certain crops
because some might not grow in the
heat and humidity.

The Mayan Government/
Social Structure

Slaves: Slaves were Kings: Kings were believed by the
one tier below the Mayans to be chosen by a god. The
commoners. They
were usually kings were considered god-like.
sacrificed to the
gods. Nobles: The nobles are the second
highest people in the civilization. They were
all involved in the cabinet together.

Priests: The priests had very close relationship
with the gods so they were very valued. They told
the king the future and that affected how the king
ruled.

Military Leaders: The nacom is a
military leader. This was a very important
role in the society.

Commoners: The king looked down to the commoners.
The commoners were nothing compared to the king. He

didn’t even talk to them.

Overview of Mayan government: Overall, the Mayan civilization was centered around the
king. He was superior to everyone else. He barely spoke and looked at the commoners. The
Mayan government is hierarchy. That means the whole community revolves around the higher
ranked person, in this case the king and the nobles.

Mayan Religion Mural

In our mural we showed four important parts of the
Mayan culture. We showed the gods they worshiped,
the step pyramids,their inventions, and their
agriculture. We showed beans and other plants in
their agriculture. We showed the peasants working
the fields because they were worked to death. We
made step pyramids to show where the kings lived.
We showed the gods that they worshiped and their
inventions like the Mayan calendar.

Mayan Language and
Number Systems

I wrote my birthday using the Mayan
Number System. My birthday is 9/30/08

Determine the Relationships

Explore the Mayan links in the Symbaloo posted in your Schoology
course as well as in the books and other resources available in class to
complete this organizer.

What was the government like? The Maya Empire wasn’t a unified whole. There were
Did powerful relationships exist separate cities and states. One noble family controlled
each state and city. The control of the city was passed
between the people and their down father to son. The head of each city chose officials
leaders? to help him rule the city. Many of these officials would
be retired warriors, members of families, and elders.
How was their society set up? The leaders looked down at the peasants and rarely
What were the types of jobs talked or looked at them.
people had? Were the jobs people
did purposeful for the civilization? The social structure as always hereditary meaning
what your father's or mother's occupation was is
Describe their religion. Did the the same as your occupation depending on you
relationship the people had with gender. If your male it was your dad's job that you
their gods and religious leaders
would do and vise versa. Everyone's job was
follow rules? important. The peasants grew crops and they fed
people. The piest was the most important because
What did the people invent, create,
or trade that allowed them to he foretold the future.
exchange ideas or values with
others they had relationships The Mayans believed in many gods they had gods
with? for every aspect of nature. A few examples of these
gods is the sun god, and the maize god. The Maya
What was the agriculture like? world had 3 parts. The heavens, the earth, ad the
What food did they eat? How underworld. The Maya believed that normal people

did they grow it? What had to cross 3 layers of the underworld to get to
relationships did the people heaven. Only kings and people who were sacrificed
have with their environment? to the gods were thought to go straight to heaven.

The Mayan civilization was the first to recognize 0 as a
number. Before it was just considered nothing. Among
their other inventions the Mayans created a very
complex calendar system. They also made many murals
that are still looked at today. They also had their own
alphabet made up of sounds. They also made many
folded up books called codex or codices for plural.

,The Mayans grew pumpkins,sweet potatoes,cucumbers,

watermelon, chili peppers, tomatoes, chote, avocados,
breadfruit, papaya, cotton, tobacco,vanilla, cacao, and a
different assortments of wild fruit. Their soil was always
extremely rocky but it thrives because this area receives

Ancient Maya
Concept Map

The Aztec

The Aztecs are an Ancient Civilization. They had many different customs. First,
their religion was really cool! The Aztec religion was centered by a variety of gods
. Tezcatlipoca was the powerful creator and prominent king and Tlaloc the
ancient rain god was very famous in their religion. The rituals were
supervised by professional priests. Human sacrifices were also part of
their religion. They sacrificed humans to repay the gods. Huitzilopochtli
was the god of sun and war.

They also made cool inventions!The Aztec people invented many things.
They played many games which they most likely invented. Everyone in this
society played these games. One of these games was Tlachtli. This was a ball
game where you had to throw a ball through a hoop. The Aztec had mandatory
education. This might not sound like much but they were one of the first to do
this. They made the sun stone calendar, bow and arrow, aqueducts, and
medicines. They also made chocolate and popcorn.

They had a lot of agriculture!Algae could be made into some kind of
cheesecake. Eggs from water insects were very fine meals. The Aztecs
also ate tamales they made from corn dough mixed with chillies and beans
which were wrapped in corn husks and steamed. Most Aztecs were
vegetarians because the meat was so expensive. The poor Aztecs ate
slugs,tadpoles,flies and worms,cornflower cooked as porridge or baked
into tortillas. And onions, chillies and tomatoes to add flavor to their food.
Their primary crop was maize or corn.They also made chocolate and
popcorn.

Where in the World…
Were the Aztec Located?

Map from ducksters.com What is the approximate latitude and
longitude of the center of the Aztec Empire?

105 degrees west longitude
23 ½ degrees north latitude

The relative location would be Mexico City. North of
Guatemala, East of Pacific Ocean and West of the
Atlantic Ocean.

What might the climate be like in this
location based on the latitude and longitude?

The climate would be very hot and humid. There would
be a lot of rain

How would this affect the way people live in
this area?

In result, the people will need thin wear thin clothing
and need to drink a lot of water. Some crops will not
survive the rain and snow. They have to get
accustomed to the weather. They have to have
shelter because of the rain and snow.

The Aztec Government/
Social Structure

Huey Tlatoani

The Huey Tlatoani was
what they called their
ruler. He was the
ultimate power of the
land. The Aztecs felt as
if he were appointed by
the gods and he had
the divine to rule.

Tecuhtli : The Tecuhtli ruled over

Tenochtitlan and other city-states. They
had total power over the cities as long
as they made tributes to the emperor.
They were also very rich and lived in
very large palaces within their cities
borders.

Pipiltin: The Pipiltin or the noble class were the only the

people who could wear certain types of jewelry and clothes
such as gold and feathers. The pipiltin was the high ranking
person among the army, priests, and the government. They
formed a council which helped to rule the city-states. The
king was chosen from among the pipiltin.

Pochteca: They were merchants of a special class that were considered nobles in
the society. This is because there jobs were considered important to the society.
They had to travel long distances to get luxury goods.

Slaves: The slaves were the lowest step of the society. They had no rights. However, they did have an

opportunity to buy back there freedom with required money. The children of the slaves were not considered
slaves. Aztec slaves became slaves by selling themselves into slavery to pay or punishments for crimes. The
slaves could NOT be mistreated by their owners, they could buy their freedom, and could not be sold by their
masters unless they agreed.

Macehualtin: These were the commoners. This included the farmers, warriors, and craftsmen. Later, the
craftsmen and the warriors began to have a higher position in the society than the farmers.

Sun Stone Calendar

I main colors for my Sun Stone Calendar black and yellow. I did this because the Aztecs are
very reliant on their gods. Their whole world revolves around them, so to show how much
they praise their gods I colored the god in the middles golden and he stands out from the rest
of the calendar. The other yellow dots represent religion too. They are very consistent with
their rituals and other stuff. They have rituals for their gods and they know when each ritual
is and what to do for each one. The black, well, to be honest that was just to make the colors
pop out more. I also used rainbow a lot. I did this because I feel like he sun to me relates to
rainbow. I did it the rainbow though, without the yellow. I feel like there's already a lot of
yellow so I didn’t include in my rainbow. The Aztecs used the calendar to show the days and
the seasons. That is my sun stone calendar.

Determine the Relationships

Explore the Aztec links in the Symbaloo posted in your Schoology
course as well as in the books and other resources available in class to
complete this organizer.

What was the government like? The Aztec government was unlike any other government
Did powerful relationships exist back then. The conquered cities paid respect to the Aztec
Empire. In return, the cities tended to show increase in
between the people and their economic welfare. This was most likely because of the Aztecs.
leaders? The Aztec rulers had many better ways to communicate and
roads built. The roads helped the cities trade goods. They
How was their society set up? paid tribute to the king through respect and money. This way,
What were the types of jobs the Aztec Empire became rich and powerful. Over time,
people had? Were the jobs people though, the upper class Aztecs suffered financially. Nearly all,
did purposeful for the civilization? the people in the conquered cities became bitter to the
government and of the Aztec leaders, because of the large
Describe their religion. Did the amount of money given to the Aztec leaders.The city/state
relationship the people had with
their gods and religious leaders that the civilization revolved was Tenochtitlan.

follow rules? The Aztec empire valued education very much This
made education free for everyone. There was 3
What did the people invent, create,
or trade that allowed them to ayers of society. The first layer is nobels these were
exchange ideas or values with people high up in the society. Next were the
others they had relationships
with? commoners. These were just regular people. The
slaves could ask to become slaves for money or
What was the agriculture like?
What food did they eat? How they can be forced into slavery.

did they grow it? What The Aztec religion was centered by a variety of gods .
relationships did the people Tezcatlipoca was the powerful creator and prominent
have with their environment?
king and Tlaloc the ancient rain god was very
famous in their religion. The rituals were supervised
by professional priests. Human sacrifices were also

part of their religion. They sacrificed humans to
repay the gods. Huitzilopochtli was the god of sun

and war.

The Aztec people invented many things. They
played many games which they most likely

invented. Everyone in this society played these
games. One of these games was Tlachtli. This was a
ball game where you had to throw a ball through a

hoop. The Aztec had mandatory education. This
might not sound like much but they were one of the
first to do this. They made the sun stone calendar,

bow and arrow, aqueducts, and medicines. They

also made chocolate and popcorn.

Ancient Aztec
Concept Map



The Inca

The Incas were very religious people. They had many beliefs and many gods. They had human sacrifices
daily. The Incas believed that there was three parts of the world, the celestial world, called Hanan Pacha,
Uku Pacha, the inner Earth world and Cay Pacha, the outer Earth. The most important deities of
Hanan Pacha were Inti, the sun god, and Mama Quilla, the moon goddess. Inti Raymi was
the festival of the sun god, the largest and most important Inca festival. The lightning deity
also resided in Hanan Pacha. Viracocha, the creator; Inti, the sun god and ancestor of the
ruling dynasty; and Illapa, the thunder or weather god. There was also the Vilcas and they
travel around the kingdom to supervise the temples and the religion practice.They practiced
daily offering and sacrifices. However, human and animal sacrifices were held only on special
occasions such as the enthronement of the Inca(the king), when 200 children would be
killed, or in times of crises such as famine, or epidemics. They mummified their dead. The
family held a funeral for eight days. Women in mourning wore wore black clothes for about a
year. They also cut their hair really short.nca religion was rich with nature worship and
festivals.

The Incas also had a lot of agriculture. In the ancient andes were mostly vegetarians. Sometimes they
supplemented there diet with seafood and camelid.The inca had a vast network of storages in case there was a
drought. Rulers would hand food out because they were seeking to make themselves popular. The Inca people grew
many things such as maize, coca, beans, grains, potatoes, sweet potatoes, ulluco, oca, mashwa, pepper, tomatoes,
peanuts, cashews, squash, cucumber, quinoa, gourd, cotton, talwi, carob, chirimoya, lúcuma, guayabo, and avocado.
They also grew pineapples. The Incas found a new way to plant crops!

The Incas invented a lot of things hat we still use today!The inca civilization made beautiful architecture. They were so

fine that there was no need for mortar. The inca also had many fine artworks out of polished metals. Out of these metals they made discs,
jewellery, other figures, and also everyday objects were made only for Inca nobles, Some textiles were restricted for the nobles
use alone. It is noted that the pottery decorations, their textiles, and architectural sculptures of the Incas did not usually include
any representations of themselves, their rituals, or such common Andean pictures such as monsters and half-animal
half-human figures. They created almost a secret language. They made roads and bridges.

The Incas have made us learn so much about our world. We have to continue researching about this amazing culture!

Where in the World…
Were the Inca Located?

Map from ducksters.com What is the approximate latitude and
longitude of the center of the Inca
Empire?

90 degrees West longitude and 20 degrees
South latitude.

The relative location is near the Andes
Mountain Region.

What might the climate be like in this
location based on the latitude and
longitude?

This area would be hot because this area is
near the equator, but it could also be cold
because the empire stretches down so far.

How would this affect the way people
live in this area?

They would have a need for water. And they
would need thin clothing or thicker depending on
whether or not the live farther down.

Inca Social Structure

Noble Classes:The Inca Empire was ruled by the descendants of the original Inca

people. These were the people who established Cuzco. The emperor or king was called the Sapa Inca.

He was was thought to be a god in many different ways. The direct relatives of Sapa Inca were next in

line to the throne. They held high positions in the inca government. The main wife of the emperor was

the queen. She was also referred to as the coya.Then there was the Inca by privilege as the inca

empire grew, the Sapa Inca needed more people he could trust in the higher positions in the Inca

government. There weren't enough of the original Inca to rule. So a new class was created called

Inca-by-privilege. These people were considered nobles, but they were not as high in class as a true

Inca. The high priest was right below the Sapa Inca in line.He corresponds with the gods.

Public Administrators: The Public Administrators ran the government at a lower level. The people who were part of the
Public Administrators were the Curacas, Tax Collectors, and Record keepers. The Curacas were the leaders of the
conquered tribes. They still had to report to the Inca, but they had to be loyal to keep their job. For every family and
ayllu, there was a tax collector to watch them. He made sure that the family/ ayllu paid their taxes. There was also a
very strict ranking society for all the tax collectors. The highest tax collector in the society watched over the people
below. The record keepers kept track who paid their taxes and who didn’t. They also kept track where all of the
supplies were.

Commoners

Artisan: The artisan were the commoners. But they were higher than the farmers because they did
crafts like pottery and on gold jewelry.

Farmers: The farmers were the most important part of the society. They worked long hard hours and
2/3rds of their crops went to the government. The government relied on them for food.

The Ayllu: The Ayllu was a group of families that had many rolls. Every family was

sorted into an Ayllu. Each group had its own tax collector. The families all acted like one
large family. Also they had an assigned land that they lived in.

Inca Religion,
Science, Roads,

Language

Replace this slide with the
template you chose or created.

Determine the Relationships

Explore the Incan links in the Symbaloo posted in your Schoology
course as well as in the books and other resources available in class to
complete this organizer.

What was the government like? The first ranking person would be the sapa inca. This is the king or emperor. Next in line to the Sapa Inca was
Did powerful relationships exist the viceroy, or Inkap Rantin. He was a close relative of the Sapa Inca. He also worked as the sapa inca
close advisor. High Priest - The high priest, called the "Willaq Umu", was also a very powerful man. He
between the people and their
leaders? was probably second in power to the Sapa Inca due to the importance of religion in the Inca Empire.
Next were the Governors of a Quarter .The Inca Empire was divided up into four quarters. Each of these
How was their society set up?
What were the types of jobs quarters was ruled by a governor who was called a “Apu”. The Sapa Inca kept a council of men who
people had? Were the jobs people advised him on major matters. These men were powerful nobles. The were called the council of the
did purposeful for the civilization? realm. Next were the Inspectors. In order to maintain control and to make sure the inca people were
paying their taxes and following the ways of the Inca, the emperor had inspectors that watched over the
inca people. The inspectors were called "tokoyrikoq". There were also military generals. The head
general was usually a close relative of the Sapa Inca. These generals were called "Apukuna".There
were many other government officials through the Inca Empire such as priests, military officers, judges,

and tax collectors.

In the society there were many jobs to be done. Many
commoners were farmers. They worked all day and had no
free time. There was also the Artisan who designed Jewelry
and pottery. Everyone in the society had a role. The people
paid taxes called Mita. These were just food that they gave

to the Sapa Inca and the Nobles.

Describe their religion. Did the The Incas had a variety of gods, each of them living on Earth or in Heaven. Each god had a purpose which
relationship the people had with determined their ranking. The Incas believed that the gods had human behavior. The Incas had three deities, the
their gods and religious leaders celestial realm in the sky called Hanan Pacha; Uku Pacha, the inner Earth; and Cay Pacha the outer Earth where

follow rules? the humans live. The most important deities of Hanan Pacha were Inti, the sun god, and
Mama Quilla, the moon goddess. Inti Raymi was the festival of the sun god, the largest
What did the people invent, create,
or trade that allowed them to and most important Inca festival. The lightning deity also resided in Hanan Pacha.
exchange ideas or values with Viracocha, the creator; Inti, the sun god and ancestor of the ruling dynasty; and Illapa,
others they had relationships the thunder or weather god. There was also the Vilcas and they travel around the kingdom
with?
to supervise the temples and the religion practice.They practiced daily offering and
What was the agriculture like? sacrifices. However, human and animal sacrifices were held only on special occasions such
What food did they eat? How as the enthronement of the Inca(the king), when 200 children would be killed, or in times

did they grow it? What of crises such as famine, or epidemics. They mummified their dead. The family held a
relationships did the people funeral for eight days. Women in mourning wore wore black clothes for about a year. They
have with their environment?
also cut their hair really short.nca religion was rich with nature worship and festivals.

The inca civilization made beautiful architecture. They were so fine
that there was no need for mortar. The inca also had many fine
artworks out of polished metals. Out of these metals they made

discs, jewellery, other figures, and also everyday objects were
made only for Inca nobles, Some textiles were restricted for
the nobles use alone. It is noted that the pottery decorations,
their textiles, and architectural sculptures of the Incas did not
usually include any representations of themselves, their
rituals, or such common Andean pictures such as monsters
and half-animal half-human figures. They created almost a
secret language. They made roads and bridges.

In the ancient andes were mostly vegetarians. Sometimes they

supplemented there diet with seafood and camelid.The inca had a
vast network of storages in case there was a drought. Rulers would
hand food out because they were seeking to make themselves
popular. The Inca people grew many things such as maize, coca,
beans, grains, potatoes, sweet potatoes, ulluco, oca, mashwa,
pepper, tomatoes, peanuts, cashews, squash, cucumber, quinoa,
gourd, cotton, talwi, carob, chirimoya, lúcuma, guayabo, and

Ancient Inca
Concept Map