CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 Technology and Livelihood Education ICT- Illustration Module 3: Select Measuring Instruments 8
2 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 Technology and Livelihood Education Grade 8- ICT illustration Alternative Delivery Mode Module 3: Select Measuring Instruments First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Caraga Region Office Address: Teacher Development Center J.P. Rosales Avenue, Butuan City, Philippines 8600 Tel. No./Telefax: (085) 342-8207/ (085) 342-5969 E-mail Address: [email protected] Development Team of the Module Writer: Emmanuel S. Saga Editor: Ailyn D. Encendencia Reviewers: Flaviano Yparraquirre, Ma. Ligaya C. Azarcon, Ruby C. Limen, Edeliza F. Seguis, Joel M. Encendencia, Marlon Bugas, Jenevie C. Dominise Ailyn D. Encendencia, Marc Anthony M. Pagoyo, Roxanne Cabilin Illustrator: Marc Anthony M. Pagoyo Layout Artists: Marc Anthony M. Pagoyo, Eljun A. Calimpusan Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas, Isidro M. Biol, Maripaz F. Magno, Josephine Chonnie M. Obseňaries, Minerva T. Albis, Imee R. Vicariato, Genevieve S. Verceles, Corazon F. Adrales
3 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 8 Technology and Livelihood Education ICT- Illustration Module 3: Select Measuring Instruments
ii CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-bystep as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you.
1 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master in selecting appropriate measuring tools for illustration. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. The module has only one lesson: LO 1 – Select Measuring Instruments (TLE_ICTIL7/8MC-0d-1) After going through this module, you are expected to: 1.1 interpret object or component to be measured according to the appropriate regular geometric shape; 1.2 select measuring tools appropriate to the object to be measured based on the job requirements; 1.3 obtain correct specification from the relevant sources; 1.4 select appropriate measuring instruments according to job requirements; and 1.5 use alternative measuring tools without sacrificing cost and quality of work.
2 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 What I Know Pretest Directions: Choose and write the letter of the correct answer in your activity notebook. 1. Which of the following is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four right angles? A. Hexagon B. Pentagon C. Square D. Triangle 2. What unit of measurement is expressed in measuring angles? A. Centimeters B. Degrees C. Kilometers D. Liters 3. It is a measuring instrument used to duplicate the measurement in full measure or to diminish or broaden them in the illustration you created. A. Compass B. Ruler C. Scale Tape D. Triangular Scale 4. It is a measuring instrument used for dividing instances into number of equal parts. A. Compass B. Divider C. Protractor D. Triangle 5. What measuring device is used to measure large scale sizes of segments? A. Protractor B. Ruler C. Scale Tape D. Triangular Scale 6. What measuring instrument is utilized in forming or illustrating sloping lines? A. Protractor B. Scale Tape C. T-square D. Triangle 7. What measuring device is used to determine the measurement of a given angle? A. Compass B. Protractor C. Ruler D. Scale Tape
3 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 8. What is the correct measuring instrument to be used in measuring the height of a pencil? A. Compass B. Ruler C. Straightedge D. Scale Tape 9. What is the measuring instrument used in drawing circles? A. Compass B. Scale Tape C. T-square D. Triangle 10.What is the best tool must be used to create a guide in creating lines in an illustration having 48 inches in length of horizontal line? A. Ruler B. Scale Tape C. T-square D. Triangle 11.Your compass was lost and you need to draw a circle. What tool can be used to draw the said figure? A. Circular Disk B. Protractor C. Ruler D. Triangular Scale 12.Which of the following instruments can be used in illustrating the angles of a square? A. Compass B. Divider C. Protractor D. Scale Tape 13.Which of the following instruments can be used in illustrating a right triangle? A. Compass B. Scale Tape C. T-square D. Triangle 14.For instance, your T-square was broken after someone borrowed it, what other device can be used to create lengthy horizontal line in your illustration? A. Parallel Bar B. Ruler C. Scale Tape D. Triangle 15.You wish to create a 45° but your protractor was broken, what measuring device will help you illustrating the angle? A. Ruler B. Scale Tape C. T-square D. Triangle
4 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 Lesson 1 Measuring Instruments This module is outlined to let you learn the fundamentals of mensuration. This provides you the idea of the importance of mensuration skills especially when illustrating and scaling through ICT Illustration. A depiction of shape is worthless without authentic and precise labeling of scales. The craftsman, ideally the ICT Illustrators, must know the precise width, height, and length of a work piece as well as the distance across and exact area of gaps. Precision of estimations depends on one's capacity to utilize measuring instruments accurately. To learn more about measuring instruments, refresh your knowledge in determining the unit of measurement as used in a scenario. What’s In Activating Prior Knowledge Activity: What’s My Unit Directions: Choose the appropriate unit of measurement in the word pool when measuring the situations given, then answer the questions that follow. Write your answers in your activity notebook. 1. The size of an ant 2. The length of a matchstick 3. The height of a person 4. The radius of a circular plate 5. The distance between two cities 6. The angle between the door and the doorway Questions: 1. Have you identified the appropriate units of measurement in the situations given? 2. How did you determine the appropriate unit of measurement in each situation? What are your hints to determine the appropriate unit measurement? 3. What are the units involved in this activity? What unit of measurement is being referred to? Kilometers Centimeters Degrees Fahrenheit Millimeters Kilograms Meters Liters
5 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 What’s New There are devices used to measure length of an object or distance of two objects. Some units of lengths are expressed in km, cm, m, inch, etc. Determining the measurement of an object gives idea of an illustrator to accurately illustrate the object. Thus, you must have an idea whether the device you are using measures lengths or distances. Activity: Do You Know Me Directions: Determine the following pictures by writing Y if it is used to measure lengths and N if it is not, then answer the questions that follow. Write your answer in your activity notebook. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Questions: 1. Have you determined all the measuring devices? 2. How did you determine that the device is used to measure distance? 3. How can these materials be used in illustrating objects and geometric shapes? What do you call these materials?
6 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 What is It Measuring Tool is utilized for measuring dimensions to determine exactness of the scales and margins. These are used essentially for resonant measurements and maximizing space and creating symmetric structures. Importance of Measuring Tools Whereas outlines can appear a plan through its introductory advancement stages, last drawings communicate specialized data to the individuals who plan and fabricate the item. Sketches can be made utilizing the measuring instruments on illustrating regular geometric shapes. It is being referred as the “tool of the trade” in illustration. As an illustrator, you must have these tools and instruments in measuring object and learn their uses. Types of Measuring Tools 1. T-square. A T-square is an instrument with a head to purposely line up with the true edge of a board. This device serves as a guide in drawing lines, specifically, until 48” length of horizontal line. Steps on how to use T-square: 1. Place the T-square onto the drawing board. Place the T-square at right angles along the edges of the drawing board. 2. Fasten the T-square in place to prevent it from sliding sideways across the surface of the paper. 3. Draw vertical and/or horizontal lines, depending on what lines are to be constructed. 2. Triangle. This is utilized when forming or illustrating sloping lines. The frequently used types of triangles are 30-60-90 and the 45-45-90 right triangle. See illustrations on how it will be used.
7 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 3. Ruler. This device is very common and is most frequently used among all instruments. The tool is used to measure scales of segments in an illustration. This would also provide as straightedge of the illustrator in creating lines or segments. It has millimeter (mm) and inch (in) scale markings. Steps on how to use ruler: 1. Determine the unit of measurement to be used (mm or in). 2. Align the object you want to measure with the left side of the ruler. Rulers read from left to right. 3. Determine the length of the segment as to which marking ends. 4. Triangular Scale. Triangular scale is utilized to duplicate the measurement in full measure or to diminish or broaden them in the illustration you created. Steps on how to use triangular scale: 1. Put properly the edge of the scale parallel to the segment being measured. 2. Look at the edge of the scale that you're reading toward your non dominant side (if it's oriented vertically) or away from you (if it's oriented horizontally). This helps you not to create shadows from the device to your work. 3. Construct markings to measure the distance. 4. Adjust dividers with the scale by constructing a pencil line segment using the scale as guide. Then adjust properly the dividers by positioning the points on the ends of the pencil line segment. 5. Protractor. This device is typically made from transparent plastic with markings of 0° to 180° degrees on the outer edge of the arc or circle. These markings are used to determine the measurement of the given angle. Steps on how to use protractor: 1. Place the midpoint of the protractor on the vertex of the angle. 2. Line up one side of the angle with the zero line of the protractor (where you see the number 0).
8 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 3. Read the degrees where the other side crosses the number scale. Obtuse angle ; 127° Right angle; 90° 6. Scale Tape. This device is a concave, spring-steeled edge extending from ¼” inches to 1” wide and 6 to approximately 300 feet in length, coiled inside a carrying case. Metric tape ruler comes in comparable widths with a maximum length of 10 meters. The advantage in using this device is it can provide precise measurement in bended surfaces. 7. Compass. This device is used to draw circles, arcs, or any parts of the circle. Steps on how to use compass: 1. Place the point of the compass to a space where the center of the circle you wish to draw will be located. 2. Adjust the leaded end of the compass so that it touches where you'd like the edge of the arc--or circle--to be. If you want to create an arc, mark a curve with the leaded end of the compass according to the length that you wish to draw. 3. Hold properly the middle of the compass between your thumb and fingers to control it well. Guide the compass by applying an adequate force downwards to draw the arc or the circle. 8. Divider. This device is like the compass in construction. It is used for dividing instances into number of equal parts. Steps on how to use divider: 1. Align the arms of the divider such that the divider’s points lay on the endpoints of the line segments or curves. 2. Lift the dividers carefully in such a way that its measurement is conserved. 3. Carry the conserved measurement of the divider and place it in a space you'd like to transfer the measurement to, and then construct a pencil mark to duplicate the measurement.
9 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 The measuring tools can be used in measuring dimensions of any regular geometric shapes. This is helpful in precising the scales of measurement of an illustration and to satisfy the properties of the given regular geometric shape. To illustrate a regular geometric shape, its components must be measured appropriately by following these steps: 1. Inspect the properties of the given regular geometric shape. 2. Identify the measuring tools needed to measure the components of the given object. 3. Identify the units of measurement to be used to measure the components of the given object. 4. Identify the measuring instrument/s to be used in illustrating the object. 5. Use the measuring tools appropriately to illustrate the object. Note: You can use alternative measuring instruments if the measuring tools are not available. Illustrative Example 1: Illustrate an equilateral triangle. Procedure: 1. Inspect the properties of the given regular geometric shape. Equilateral triangle - is a triangle with all sides that are equal in length and has equal interior angle measuring 60°. 2. Identify the measuring tools needed to measure the components of the given object. Ruler - to measure the segment drawn from the horizontal line. Protractor - to measure the interior angles of the object. 3. Identify the units of measurement to be used in measuring the components of the given object. cm - unit of measurement to be used in measuring the length of the sides of the object. degrees (°) - unit of measurement to be used in measuring interior angles of the object.
10 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 4. Identify the measuring instrument/s to be used in illustrating the object. T-square - to draw horizontal line as guide in constructing the base of the equilateral triangle. 30°-60°-90° Triangle - to create sloping lines from the base of the triangle. 5. Use the measuring tools appropriately to illustrate the given object. Step 1: Create a horizontal line in the illustration paper using T-square. Step 2: Measure the segment drawn using the ruler. Step 3: Erect the 30°-60°-90° Triangle above the segment drawn to create sloping lines on the remaining sides of the triangle. Step 4: Using a ruler, generate the line drawn from the sloping lines formed until it reaches the length equal to the base. Step 5: Check all the interior angles formed if it measures 60°. You can use alternatives in illustrating an equilateral triangle. You may use the following materials: 1. Circular disk 2. Ruler Step 1: Draw a circle using the disk and locate its center.
11 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 Step 2: Measure the length of the radius of the circle and then create an arc. Step 3: Construct another circle making one point on the circle be its center. Step 4: Plot the intersection formed by the arcs of two intersecting circles and then trace the segments using a ruler. Illustrative Example 2: Illustrate a square. Procedure: 1. Inspect the properties of the given regular geometric shape. Square - A polygon where all sides are equal in length, has equal interior angle measuring 90°, and its diagonals are equal in length. 2. Identify the measuring tools needed to measure the components of the given object. Ruler - to measure the segment drawn. 3. Identify the units of measurement to be used in measuring the components of the given object. cm - unit of measurement to be used in measuring the length of the sides of the object. degrees (°) - unit of measurement to be used in measuring interior angles of the object. 4. Identify the measuring instrument/s to be used in illustrating the object. T-square - to draw horizontal line as guide in constructing the base of the square. 45°-45°-90° Triangle - to create sloping lines from the base of the square. 5. Use the measuring tools appropriately to illustrate the given object. Step 1: Create a horizontal line in the illustration paper using T-square. Step 2: Measure the segment drawn using the ruler. Step 3: Erect the 45°-45°-90° Triangle above the segment drawn to create sloping lines from the base with 45° inclination as diagonals of the square.
12 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 Step 4: Construct segments perpendicular from the base intersecting the diagonals then connect the points of intersection. You can use alternatives in illustrating a square. You may use the following materials: 1. Circular disk 2. Ruler 3. Compass Step 1: Construct a circle using a circular disk and locate its center. Step 2: Construct perpendicular diameters of the circle using a protractor and a ruler. Step 3: Plot the endpoints of the diameter and connect them consecutively using a ruler
13 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 What’s More Activity 1: Perfect Match Directions: Match the statements in Column A to the concepts given in Column B. Write the correct letter of the answer in your activity notebook. Column A Column B 1. It is utilized to duplicate the measurement a. T-square in full measure or to diminish or broaden them in the illustration you created. 2. This device is typically made from transparent b. Ruler plastic with markings of 0° to 180° degree on the outer edge of the arc or circle. 3. The tool is used to measure scales of segments c. Triangle in an illustration. This would also provide as straightedge of the illustrator. 4. This device serves as a guide in drawing lines, d. Scale Tape specifically, until 48” length of horizontal line. 5. This is utilized when forming or illustrating e. Protractor sloping lines. f. Triangular Scale Activity 2: Prepare the Tools Directions: Identify the measuring tools/instruments needed in illustrating the given objects below. Write the answers in your activity notebook. 1. 2. 3.
14 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 What I Have Learned Directions: Identify the appropriate word in the blank to complete the sentence. Write your answer in your activity notebook. 1. ______________ is a drafting instrument with a head to purposely line up with the true edge of a drafting board. 2. ______________ is utilized when forming or illustrating sloping lines. 3. ______________ is used to measure scales of segments in an illustration. 4. ______________ is utilized to duplicate the measurement in full measure or to diminish or broaden them in the illustration you created. 5. The markings of the _____________ are used to determine the measurement of the given angle. 6. ______________ is a concave, spring-steeled edge extending from ¼ inches to 1 inch wide and 6 to approximately 300 feet in length, coiled inside a carrying case. It can provide precise measurement in bended surfaces. What I Can Do Activity: Replicate Me Directions: Using the appropriate measuring instruments, illustrate the given object in a long bond paper. Your output will be rated based on the rubric indicated. Square Pyramid
15 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 Rubric Scoring in Illustrating an Object Criteria 10 points 8 points 6 points Accuracy The output is accurately done with exact measurement and scale. The output is satisfactorily done with minor issues on measurement and scale. The output is fairly done with major issues on measurement and scale. Presentation The output is properly laid out and satisfactorily presented. The output is satisfactorily laid out. The output is fairly laid out. Neatness The output is free from any unnecessary marks or erasures. The output has some unnecessary marks or erasures. The output has plenty of unnecessary marks or erasures.
16 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 Assessment Directions: Choose and write the letter of the correct answer in your activity notebook. 1. Which of the following is a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides and four right angles? A. Hexagon B. Rectangle C. Trapezoid D. Triangle 2. What unit of measurement is expressed in measuring the height of a person? A. Degrees B. Kilometers C. Meters D. Millimeters 3. It is a measuring instrument used to broaden the illustration you created. A. Compass B. Ruler C. Scale Tape D. Triangular Scale 4. It is a measuring instrument used for dividing instances into number of equal parts. A. Compass B. Divider C. Protractor D. Triangle 5. What measuring device is used to measure large angles greater than 90°? A. Protractor B. Ruler C. Scale Tape D. Triangular Scale 6. What measuring instrument is utilized in illustrating slope or slant lines? A. Compass B. Protractor C. T-square D. Triangle 7. What measuring device is used to determine the measurement of a given angle? A. Compass B. Protractor C. Ruler D. Scale Tape
17 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 8. What is the appropriate measuring instrument to be used in measuring the dimension of a notebook? A. Compass B. Ruler C. Straightedge D. Scale Tape 9. What is the measuring tool used in drawing arcs? A. Compass B. Ruler C. T-square D. Triangle 10.What measuring device is used to measure the length of a 12 cm stick? A. Compass B. Protractor C. Ruler D. Triangle 11.What measuring tool is used as a guide in creating lines in an illustration having 48 inches in length? A. Ruler B. Scale Tape C. T-square D. Triangle 12.Your compass was lost and you need to draw a semicircle. What measuring tool can be used to draw the said figure? A. Divider B. Ruler C. Triangle D. Triangular Scale 13.Which of the following instruments can be used in illustrating a 30°-60°-90° right triangle? A. Compass B. Divider C. T-square D. Triangle 14.For instance, your divider was lost after someone borrowed it, what other measuring tools can be used to illustrate arcs having the same arc lengths? A. Compass B. Protractor C. Ruler D. Triangle 15.You wish to create perpendicular lines, but your protractor was broken. What measuring device is the best alternative that will help you illustrating the figure? A. Compass B. Scale Tape C. T-square D. Triangle
18 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 Additional Activities Activity: Draw Me Nicely Directions: Roam around at your house and pick one object to be illustrated. With the use the measuring instruments, illustrate the object chosen in a long bond paper. Your illustration will be rated based on the rubric given. Rubric Scoring in Illustrating an Object Criteria 10 points 8 points 6 points Accuracy The output is accurately done with exact measurement and scale. The output is satisfactorily done with minor issues on measurement and scale. The output is fairly done with major issues on measurement and scale. Presentation The output is properly laid out and satisfactorily presented. The output is satisfactorily laid out. The output is fairly laid out. Neatness The output is free from any unnecessary marks or erasures. The output has some unnecessary marks or erasures. The output has plenty of unnecessary marks or erasures.
19 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 Answer Key Test - Pre 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. A 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. D Test ost P 1. B 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. A 15. D What’s In Activity Millimeters 1. 2. Centimeters 3. Meters 4. Centimeters 5. Kilometers 6. Degrees What’s New 1. Y 2. Y 3. Y 4. N 5. Y What’s In Activity 1. Millimeters 2. Centimeters 3. Meters 4. Centimeters 5. Kilometers 6. Degrees What’s More Activity 1 1. f 2. e 3. b 4. a 5. c Activity 2 1. Ruler, Protractor, Compass (options) 2. Protractor, Ruler 3. Divider, Ruler What I Have Learned square - 1. T 2. Triangle 3. Ruler 4. Triangular Scale 5. Protractor 6. Scale Tape What I Can Do Answer may vary. Additional Activities Answer may vary.
20 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 References Books: Giesecke, Frederick E, Alva Mitchell, and Henry Cecil Spencer. 1942. “Technical Drawing.” New York: The Macmillan Company. Vierck, Charles J, and Richard I Hang. 1978. Engineering Drawing Problems. New York: McGraw-Hill. Internet: "Selecting Appropriate Measurement Units to Solve Problems." SlideShare” 2016. Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/selecting-appropriate-measurement-units-tosolve-problems.html Klingenberg, C.P. “Size, shape, and form: concepts of allometry in geometric morphometrics.” 2016 Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s00427-016-0539-2 “Circumference,”2018 Retrieved from https://www.mathsisfun.com/definitions/circumference.html “Solid.” 2018 Retrieved from https://www.mathsisfun.com/definitions/solid.html “Cylinder.” 2017 Retrieved from https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/cylinder.html “cone.” 2021 Retrieved from https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/cone.html “geometry.” 2021 Retrieved from https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/sphere.html “geometry.” 2021 Retrieved from https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/torus.html “Drafting Equipment.” [n.d] Retrieved from https://kmhs.typepad.com/files/ch_03.pdf
21 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 James Idakula, “Tools & Instruments Used for Drafting.” 2018 Retrieved from https://homesteady.com/13374500/tools-instruments-used-for-drafting “Drawing Tools.” 2021 Retrieved from http://www.historyofpencils.com/drawing-tools/ Photo Credits afsart,"Kite Building Supplies" 2011 Retrieved from https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/ allispossible "Ruler" 2011 Retrieved from https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ pat00139, “ measure_tape.” 2011 Retrieved from https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ biologycorner, "Graduated Cylinder" 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/ bburky "T-square.” 2011 Retrieved from https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ filmingilman, "Scale Ruler.” 2011 Retrieved from https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0
22 CO_TLE 8_ICT_Illustrations_Module 3 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (632) 634-1054; 634-1072; 631-4985 Email Address: [email protected] *[email protected]