NEGERI SEMBILAN INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION 2021 eBOOK

PSS022 – LEARNING KIT FOR SQL ACCOUNTING
SOFTWARE

Salwa Muda*, Amariah Hanum Hussin, Siti Mariam Abdul Halim, Raziah Bi Mohamed
Sadique and Musliha Musman

Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus
Seremban, Persiaran Seremban Tiga/1, Seremban 3, 70300, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan,
Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The syllabus of Accounting Information System (AIS615) includes learning and practising
SQL software; the accounting software that is suitable for small businesses up to large
organisations. Nevertheless, students need to enhance their basic knowledge in accounting
since it is a major requirement to learn this software. Previously, the learning of the software
was carried out with limited resources. Hence, an appropriate guideline on how to learn the
software is important to assist the students especially during this current pandemic situation
where physical education is not conceivable. The objective is to maximise students’ knowledge
and understanding amid the Covid-19 limitation in which must be contented by the lecturers
despite the learning process being carried out virtually. Therefore, a study guide on SQL
software known as “Learning Kit for SQL Accounting Software” was invented as an aid to
assist students in enhancing their ability to further understand, besides helping them to attain
better results in SQL’s assessment. In addition, a one-day workshop for students using this
learning kit was conducted by the trainers and positive feedback from the questionnaires given
were received. The results show that the content was helpful and sufficient to accelerate
students’ ability to comprehend their knowledge. The “Learning Kit for SQL Accounting
Software” has been acknowledged by the SQL developer and already obtained the ISBN from
Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia. It will be introduced to all students across UiTM campuses as
well as to other businesses entities in the hope it can bring benefits to all of them.

Keywords: SQL accounting software, study guide, online learning

86

PSS023 – GOOGLE MEET'S INTELLIGENT
ATTENDANCE 2021

Zahari Md Rodzi1*, Wan Normila Mohamad2, Muhamad Helmi Muhamad Khair3, Wan Asma
Wan Nasrudin4 and Annas Mustaffa Aminuddin1

1Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan
Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Seremban, 70300 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

2Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Negeri
Sembilan, Kampus Seremban, 70300 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

3Department of Law, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus
Seremban, 70300 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

4Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus
Seremban, 70300 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The use of Google Meet has grown since the Covid-19 pandemic hits the world. Google Meet
is an effective platform for online education. Currently, Google Meet attendance sheets are
only available through ‘G Suite Enterprise for Education’, requiring a subscription fee. For
other users, the Google Meet attendance extension is a good alternative. However, it comes
with several disadvantages, including the inability to identify absentees and summarise the
monthly report of attendance. As a solution, Google Meet Intelligent Attendance (GMiA2021)
was developed, which offers a more systematic and easy-to-use multi-functional coordination
and helps track student absenteeism. This intelligent attendance system can connect directly to
WhatsApp to remind students of class absences. GMiA2021 also allows lecturers to keep proof
of absence and documents provided by the students and prepare monthly attendance reports, in
line with academic rules to enable students with 80% attendance to sit for the examination.
GMiA2021 is expected to help monitor the student’s attendance efficiently and collaborates
with university academic administration for a systematic attendance system.

Keywords: google meet, smart attendance system, educators and students, online distance
learning, higher learning institutions

87

PSS024 – GOOINO

Siti Faridah Kamaruddin*, Dayang Hummida Abang Abdul Rahman, Pengiran Saifudzin
Pengiran Mahtar, Shileyiusken Mijen, Mohamad Musa Bohari, Ahmad Faisal Mahdi and

Tahir Raya

Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Sarawak, Kampus Mukah, K.M. 7.5 Jalan Oya,
96400 Mukah, Sarawak, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Gooino is an online sales application that can be used in support of existing social networking
platforms that help boost buying and selling activities especially for rural communities. Several
problems attempted to be solved through Gooino development. The first problem is the
relatively low monthly income of the residents of Kampung Tellian. With the use of Gooino,
the side income of locals affected by the Covid-19 pandemic can be increased. The second
problem is the difficulty of local entrepreneurs, especially from Kampung Tellian to market
local products from Mukah not only throughout Sarawak, but throughout Malaysia. Gooino
allows prospective buyers to make local product choices and conduct business transactions
online. The third problem is that buyers do not know the benefits and nutrients of the types of
sago-based products that are well known in Mukah. Through Gooino, nutritional information
on sago-based products is provided by CRAUN Research and MARDI based on research
findings from these agencies. The last problem identified is that tourists from outside of Mukah
found it difficult to communicate with the locals traveling to Mukah. Gooino can help these
tourists to communicate in Melanau Mukah by typing a phrase in English or Malay before it is
translated into Melanau language. The main platform used to develop this application is No
Coding/Low Coding whereby the application’s development process does not involve
complicated processes and easy to be modified according to the current requirement. It can be
shared via links and does not require large storage for installation.

Keywords: mobile application, gooino, local products, entrepreneurship, location-based
services

88

PSS025 – SULAM FOR INV 621

Syamsyul Samsudin*, Nik Nur Shafika Mustafa, Rohanizan Md Lazan, Nurul Haida Johan,
Maizura Md Isa and Ferri Nasrul

Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Johor,
Kampus Segamat, Jalan University, Off KM 12 Jalan Muar, Segamat, Johor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Education 5.0 aims to focus on the outcomes and technology that enable innovations to deliver
and tailor to education for all students. This innovation, also known as SULAM For INV 621
is an extension from previous innovation which is Applied Investment Management (INV 621):
Digital Learning Experience. This innovation aims to give exposure to students on the actual
stock market and train them on how to deal with the real financial market technology and
devices. This innovation can integrate technology and the actual trading activities into students’
learning experience which will assist them to develop knowledge and skills. This project is
collaborative with CGS-CIMB Bank. CGS- CIMB Bank is the sponsor to develop the trading
platform for the users of this product. Until now, more than 2,000 students are trained using
this product (trading platform). Trading Platforms (Trading Lab) are 1st in IPT Malaysia where
it gives the students a “hands-on” experience of actual trading. Under SULAM for INV 621,
the students facilitate and coach a community which is a B40 group with knowledge and skills
on investment that focuses on the stock market. It helps this group to generate income based
on the SULAM program and it also serves the objective of the Ministry of Higher Education
for Service Learning Malaysia University for Society. This product has received several
recognitions.
Keywords: Education 5.0, trading stock, Digital Learning Experience, SULAM

89

PST001 – BIO-BINDER: INNOVATIVE ROAD
TECHNOLOGY

Mohab Yaser Alamawi1, Faridah Hanim Khairuddin1,2, Zaid Ali Khaiqani1, Ali Nazim
Chakhuer1, Muhamad Razuhanafi Mat Yazid1, Nur Izzi Md Yusoff1* and Khairiah Haji

Badri3

1Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

2Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional
Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

3Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The high demand for bitumen has affected the price and quality of binders, and this has
prompted research to be conducted to discover new binders from renewable resources. Thus,
this project aims to characterise engineering properties of the new bio-binder and asphalt
mixture, namely the physical, thermal and chemical bonds of palm kernel oil polyol (PKO-p)
bio-binder utilising consistency, rational viscosity, differential scanning calorimetric, thermo-
gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), resilient modulus and
moisture susceptibility tests. Bio-binder containing PKO-p was used as a partial replacement
for bitumen. The proposed PKO-p was blended with an 80/100 penetration grade bitumen (BB)
to produce the bio-binder (BIB) with a ratio of 40/60 (weight of BB to BIB). Results show that
the values of the consistency tests of the BIB are very consistent with that of the control binder.
The thermal susceptibility of the BIBs blend is very similar to that of the BB, and a slight
difference in weight losses is observed, i.e. with the value of 0 and 3.36% for BB and BIB,
respectively. FTIR result shows that bio-binder is distinctly different from bitumen concerning
functional group but very similar in other aspects. In addition, the resilient modulus result
shows high values with 9666 and 4711 MPa for BB and BIB, respectively. In comparison, the
results of the moisture susceptibility test are 0.99 for BB and 0.97 for BIB. The new PKO-p
bio-binder has promising properties that make it a suitable alternative for bitumen construction
of road pavements.
Keywords: binder, bitumen, consistency, chemical, resilient modulus, moisture damage

90

PST002 – HYPOTHESIS TESTING VIA “LET’S DO
DATA ANALYSIS” APP

Nurul Nisa’ Khairol Azmi*, Noorezatty Mohd Yusop, Az’lina Abdul Hadi and Nornadiah
Mohd Razali

Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan
Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Seremban, Persiaran Seremban 3/1, Seremban 3, Seremban,
Negeri Sembilan

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Shiny R is a programming tool that associates statistical analysis with app functions. Its
interesting features are very useful in customising data visualisation and statistical analysis.
Let’s Do Data Analysis (LDDA) app was built using Shiny R, with the primary objective to
help students understand basic statistical inference through computation and statistical output.
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, online distance learning has led to changes in the teaching
delivery methods. As a result, learning statistics has become more challenging for educators
and students. Hence, the LDDA app is expected to benefit students who want to learn statistics
in a more interactive and applicable way, irrespective of their field of study. The app provides
four (4) fundamental statistical inference analyses, namely (1) one-sample t-test; (2) two
independent samples t-test; (3) two dependent samples t-test; and (4) ANOVA. Users can set
the subject of study (e.g. students, customers), variables (e.g. age, volume), and unit of analysis
(e.g. ml, years old, ringgit). Users can choose the types of test alternative hypothesis (including
not equal, greater than, or less than) for all analyses, except ANOVA. The level of significance
can be adjusted between 1% and 20%. The output tab displays data (data values), summary
(which entails mean, standard deviation, and median based on data values and specified
subject, variable, and unit of analysis), statistical inference analysis (the procedure of
hypothesis testing, step-by-step), confidence interval, output from R programming, and
distribution of data (boxplot).

Keywords: r shiny, hypothesis testing, confidence interval, distribution, data analysis

91

PST003 – DEVELOPMENT OF A DEEP LEARNING
ARCHITECTURE-BASED LOCAL FOOD BUSINESS

RECOGNITION SYSTEM FOR SABAH
GASTRONOMIC TOURISM

Mohd Norhisham Razali*, Rozita Hanapi, Emelia Abdul Rahim and Arrominy Arabi

Faculty of Business Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Sarawak, Kampus
Samarahan, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Gastronomic tourism is gradually becoming famous for visiting places to look for local foods,
which significantly contributed to global food and beverage expenditure. Besides its
magnificent scenery, the state's economy has also profited from gastronomic tourism due to the
variety and uniqueness of Sabah's traditional foods. Therefore, it is essential to establish a
Sabah food business recognition system to foster gastronomic tourism in the state. This project
developed a Sabah food business recognition system based on deep learning architecture. The
deep learning architecture consists of a fully connected layer with 11 and 10 Softmax neurons
was used as the classifier. Six pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models were
used as feature extractors to extract essential features from proposed datasets. The performance
of the six pre-trained CNN models is then compared. The Sabah Food Dataset is established in
this project, and the VIREO-Food172 Dataset, which contains 11 and 10 categories, are used
to evaluate deep learning performance. The result showed the EFFnet feature extractor-based
CNN classifier achieved the highest classification accuracy of 94% on the Sabah Food Dataset
and 86% on VIREO-Food172 Dataset. Then, the deep learning model is deployed in the Web-
based Sabah food business recognition system by using Flask framework, HTML and MySQL
as a database platform. The system allowed the user to automatically recognize the types of
foods and leave appropriate feedback about the foods. The food business owner may get the
feedbacks for improving their business in the future. The data obtained from the customer's
feedback will help establish the Sabah food business sentiment dataset, which will become the
focus for a future project.

Keywords: food business recognition system, deep learning, gastronomic tourism

92

PST004 – REMOTE LEARNING IN THE TIME OF
COVID-19: AN INTERACTIVE PdPR FOR PRIMARY

SCHOOL VIA VISUAL BASIC PROGRAMMING

Samsiah Abdul Razak1, Nur Insyirah Mohamad Radzi2*, Aslina Omar3 and Ini Imaina
Abdullah1

1Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan
Perak, Kampus Tapah, 35400 Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia

2Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan
Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Seremban, Persiaran Seremban Tiga/1, Seremban 3,
70300 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

3Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan
Johor, Kampus Pasir Gudang, Jalan Purnama Bandar Seri Alam, 81750 Masai, Johor,
Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

It has been more than a year since implementing movement control order (MCO) in Malaysia
on March 18, 2020. Through this e-learning on educational distance, digital platforms have
also been taken place during that time. The situation is progressively demanding for teachers
to be exact parents when the government agreed to extend the MCO from MCO 1.0, MCO 2.0,
and now MCO 3.0 has been extended from June 15 to June 28, 2021. The government is
expected to announce whether it will be continued or not soon. Nevertheless, The Ministry of
Education (MOE) had made an early decision to postpone all schools and extra-curricular
activities until September 2021. The impact a prolonged MCO will have on education has
shown a massive gap in the digital divide among our students. To learn online via these
platforms, a student would need to have access to the platform and guidance from parents.
Some students who do not have reliable access to the internet or technology find it difficult to
participate in digital learning. Hence, this study would help the teachers and students fill the
digital platform gap by introducing the conceptual framework based on Visual Basic
programming to facilitate the teachers and students in online teaching and learning. This study
focuses on the problem faced by most primary school teachers (Year 4,5,6). They are concerned
that their students may be missing their online class, quizzes, and some of the syllabus of
learning that they have taught as long as they implement the home-based teaching and learning
(PdPR). Hopefully, using this framework will excite teachers and students for their online
teaching and learning process.

Keywords: movement control order, MCO, online learning, visual basic programming, home-
based teaching and learning, PdPR

93

PST005 – THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BaSiDa, A
COMPOST-COMPRESSION KIT TO DECOMPOSE
ORGANIC MATERIALS AND PRODUCE COMPOST

EXTRACT FOR PLANT GROWTH

Mulyani Muhamad Effendi, Noor Aini Kamin, Rohayu Yusof, Rozita Idris, Nurfirzana
Norjoharuddeen, Azizan Suhadi, Elham Ismail, Mohamad Husni Mohd Hajali and Nurulhuda

Raja Nordin

Kolej Matrikulasi Johor, Jalan Payamas, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, 84900, Tangkak,
Johor.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Organic matter, including kitchen wastes such as vegetables and fruits, could be incorporated
into compost production. Fermentation of compost produces compost extract, an organically-
based solution that can be used as liquid fertilizer. Compost extract could improve nutrient
content in plants by enhancing certain essential elements. However, only a limited study has
been conducted on the production of compost extract through the innovative method of
compressing compost. Hence, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a
compression-kit model called BaSiDa to decompose organic materials and produce a mass
amount of compost extract from a compressing technique in a certain period compared with
the conventional method. A traditional compost bin (closed) was established as a control
model. The compost consisting of fruit peel, vegetable wastes, and rice (1:1:1 v/v ratio) were
allowed to decompose and fermented in both models for one month under a shaded area with
close monitoring of the surrounding humidity and temperature. The extract produced were
collected, and the amount was determined before applying it to growing Brassica plants (1:10
dilution). Through BaSiDa, 75% more liquid extracts were produced as compared to the
conventional method. Based on the lower amount of un-composted wastes left, BaSiDa also
fastened the decomposition rate by 67% from the compression method. Hence, BaSiDa could
indefinitely be used as an alternative way of decomposing wastes to produce a mass amount of
compost extract as an alternative organic fertilizer compared to chemical fertilizer.

Keywords: compost, organic, wastes, extract, fertilizer

94

PST006 – MODERATED REGRESSION ANALYSIS
MODEL IN MODERATING EFFECTS OF
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS ON THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MODERN

MATHEMATICS AND MATHEMATICAL ERROR
OCCURRENCES

Bushra Abdul Halim*, Siti Fairus Fuzi, Siti Nursyahira Zainudin, Siti Ramizah Jama, Nurul
Emyza Zahidi and Nordianah Jusoh @ Hussain

Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)
Cawangan Melaka, Kampus Alor Gajah, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Modern Mathematics is a core subject during SPM, and it is one of the basic requirements to
further study in higher-level education. Students must obtain at least a pass for this subject in
SPM for all programmes that offer mathematics or statistics courses in their learning plan
programmes. Additional Mathematics is an optional subject and not a compulsory requirement
to enrol on the programmes, especially in management sciences and social sciences. Students
need to have basic knowledge and mathematics skills when solving mathematical problems.
However, some students tend to make mathematical errors frequently even though exposed to
basic mathematics. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the influence of committing
mathematical errors in answering mathematics questions related to whether to take Additional
Mathematics during SPM. This study represents a moderated regression analysis model that
consists of two models. The successful application means the ability of the moderated
regression analysis model to identify taking or not taking Additional Mathematics during SPM
moderates the relationship between SPM performance in Modern Mathematics and the total
number of occurrences of mathematical errors. Besides, this model can also be used to analyse
moderating effects between other subjects, flexible to be used at any time, efficient and eases
the decision-making process to determine the vital issue for entry requirements of any
programmes in the future. Hence, it helps faculty take less time in decision making to assess
student’s selection in their programmes.

Keywords: modern mathematics, additional mathematics, moderated regression analysis
model, mathematics error

95

PST007 – DrMATHS APPS (DMA): ONLINE
APPLICATIONS FOR MATHEMATICS

Siti Zaharah Mohd Ruslan1*, Norlida Othman1, Ros Fadilah Deraman1 and Mohamad
Zulfadhli Jusoh2

1Department of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA
Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan,

Malaysia.
2Faculty of Business Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Sabah, Kampus

Tawau, 91032 Tawau, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

On 18 March 2020, the Government of Malaysia introduced a Movement Control Order
(MCO) to limit the spread of the virus throughout the population. The closing of educational
institutions has a significant impact, especially in maths, where the face-to-face class is more
practicable than online learning. The educators and learners need to adapt to the information
and communication technology (ICT) as a new normal in teaching and learning. However,
teaching and learning do not go well due to the limited access to the Internet. On this basis, we
want to introduce DMA as an innovation in open and distance learning (ODL) for three subjects
which are Intermediate Mathematics for Pre-Science (MAT086), Pre-Calculus (MAT133), and
Calculus 1 (MAT183). DMA combines the website and mobile applications, enabling students
to access all three topics on a single platform simultaneously. Access may be made to the
website and mobile applications via laptop, computer, smartphone, and tablet. These mobile
applications are efficient, easy to access, and user-pleasant, without excessive internet data.
DMA features contain interactive videos, notes, game-based learning, quizzes, and activities
that present students with a unique learning experience that offers enjoyable and engaging
learning. Based on the preliminary study, the students are pleased that this is one of the best
platforms to boost their performances in these three subjects.

Keywords: online distance learning, blended education, e-learning, basic maths, calculus

96

PST008 – PADLET VIRTUAL BULLETIN BOARD FOR
C++ PROGRAMMING COURSES: ENHANCING
STUDENTS' PERFORMANCE DURING ODL

Normaziah Abdul Rahman*, Rozianiwati Yusof, Nor Azlina Aziz Fadzillah, Sri Yusmawati
Mohd Yunus and Shamsudin Md Sarif

Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan
Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Seremban, Persiaran Seremban Tiga/1, Seremban 3, Negeri
Sembilan, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

In educational research, the Padlet platform has sparked much attention among all researchers.
This platform became popular throughout the Covid-19's duration. The concept of this platform
is straightforward, which is an adaptation of a bulletin board. This study was conducted to build
a Padlet for programming courses to enhance the students' performance. Programming is one
of the challenging courses offered in a high institution for students from various backgrounds.
The C++ language is the most offered for students with a non-computer background. They
struggle to learn the concept in a programming language, especially during online distance
learning (ODL). Before creating a Padlet as a teaching platform, a survey was conducted
involving 130 students who took Programming courses. The finding defines the factors
contributing to students' performance: understanding the concepts, proficiency with the
programming language syntax, and mastery of the problem-solving concepts. Most
respondents prefer to use instructional videos for each subtopic and software usage videos to
demonstrate writing, compiling, and program implementation. This study has focused on
developing a Padlet for repetition control structured in C ++. Based on a survey, this topic has
been challenging. The teaching videos will be embedded in the Padlet, and this platform will
facilitate communication between lecturers and students.
Keywords: padlet, C++ programming, performance, teaching, videos

97

PST009 – FABRICATION OF BSCCO THIN FILMS
USING PULSED LASER DEPOSITION TECHNIQUE

Nur Jannah Azman1*, Nurul Raihan Mohd Suib2, Masnita Mat Jusoh2 and Huda Abdullah3
1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Negeri Sembilan,

Kampus Kuala Pilah, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
2Pusat Asasi, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, 43800 Dengkil, Selangor,

Malaysia.
3Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This project used a pulsed laser deposition technique to deposit bismuth strontium calcium
copper oxide [BiSrCaCu0] thin films on MgO single crystal substrate. A solid-state procedure
is an inexpensive technique used in the production process of the BiSrCaCu0 superconductor
bulk sample. In this work, Handy YAG Lasers (model: HYL 101 E) has been used. A high-
power class 4 solid-state (ND: YAG) Q-switched pulsed laser and 532 nm (visible green:
second harmonic) has been used to ablate the films. The substrate used in this work was single-
crystal MgO with the (100) orientation. A few parameters that are very important to control are
substrate temperature, gas medium, background pressure, laser wavelength, and the distance
from target to substrate. During the deposition process, it has been found that the optimum
oxygen gas pressure flow in the chamber is 2 x 10-2 mbar. Before depositing any film, the
background pressure must reach 1 x 10-4 mbar. The optimum distance from the target to the
substrate is ~5.0 cm. The minimum substrate temperature was 500ºC.
Keywords: MgO single crystal, pulsed laser deposition, thin film

98

PST010 – e-BUILDING INSPECTION SYSTEM (e-BIS)

Nadira Ahzahar*, Siti Zubaidah Hashim, Norehan Mohd Noor, Nazhatulzalkis Jamaludin,
Norazura Mizal Azzmi and Intan Bayani Zakaria

Department of Built Environment Studies & Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Planning
and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perak, Kampus Seri Iskandar, 32610

Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Condition Survey can be defined as an inspection of a building or other structure at a specific
date to determine its state of repair and requirements for maintenance. The purpose of the
condition survey is to give an independent ‘professional opinion’ on the condition of the
properties and provide a considerable amount of essential data on the performance of buildings,
components, and elements (data bank). Usually, it is presented in the form of schedule
conditions and report writing. However, many organisations/or students represent different
formats, modules, and contents of reporting the result, which cause the irrelevant data and
uncontrolled information of the said property. To ensure a consistent approach and
standardisation, the basic information collected should be processed and reported to meet the
particular requirements. The Code of Practice for Building Inspection Report (CPBS101)
published by the Royal Institution of Surveyor Malaysia (RISM) is guidance. As an added
value, the report format is therefore designed electronically for better usage and control. It is
the first system in Malaysia that completes the comprehensive configuration for building
inspection regarding the condition survey report. The characteristics of ‘e-BIS’ can be seen as
a relational database, a collection of interactive forms, a report generator and can be used for
administrative tools. As a result, it will improve record management in building operations and
indirectly promoting a paperless environment. In conclusion, ‘e-BIS’, an acronym of electronic
Building Inspection System, is developed to ensure that the information presented is concise,
relevant, easily understood and available at any time. ‘e-BIS’ is suitable for all types of the
property inspection. Thus, it has a great potential to strengthen the service delivery system by
maintenance/facilities management. The ‘e-BIS’ database system is marketable and can be
patented by producing the application software version considered part of the Computerised
Maintenance Management System.

Keywords: condition survey, maintenance, building

99

PST012 – IoT BASED MONITORING SYSTEM FOR
OYSTER MUSHROOM

Farrahnoor Ahmad*, Ahmad Sufian Abdullah, Normariah Che Maideen, Nor Suhada
Abdullah and Hazimi Ismail

Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang,
13500 Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

In Malaysia, most of the farmers depend upon the traditional agricultural practice. Adapting
modern agricultural technology plays an essential role in improving overall efficiency and the
productivity of their yields. In modern agriculture, the Internet of Things (IoT) connects
farmers to their farms via sensors so that they could easily monitor the real-time conditions of
their farms from anywhere. Oyster mushroom is a widely cultivated crop among Malaysian
farmers. Although the most consumed and produced crop is still overshadowed by the
traditional cultivation approach, resulting in low productivity, high manpower efficiency, and
more effort and cost. This work aims to develop a monitoring system to monitor the
environmental conditions of a mushroom farm. It enables a user to monitor crucial factors such
as temperature, humidity, moisture, the light intensity on a mushroom farm through the end
devices. Oyster mushroom requires optimum temperature ranging from 26°C to 29°C and
humidity from 85% to 95% and carbon dioxide not more than 600 ppm. Sensors are placed on
fixed locations and spots of the farm. The sensors measure the status of parameters transmitted
to the remote monitoring station via a low power Node MCU. Thus, obtained data are stored
in a cloud platform. The codes for the controller are written in the Arduino programming
language, debugged, compiled, and burnt into the microcontroller using the Arduino integrated
development environment. The result shows successful monitoring of environmental
conditions accessing the internet from anywhere.
Keywords: oyster mushroom, IoT, arduino, farmers, monitoring system

100

PST013 – NUR MOBILE LAB

Nazhatulzalkis Jamaludin*, Norazura Mizal Azzmi, Nadira Ahzahar, Siti Zubaidah Hashim,
Norehan Mohd Noor and Intan Bayani Zakaria

Department of Built Environment Studies & Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Planning
and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perak, Kampus Seri Iskandar, 32610

Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Nur Mobile Lab is a teaching tool constructed of plywood and acrylic perspex sheet. It is
portable and using other support equipment like torchlight, laser pointer, and fog for light
demonstrations (body mist). The implementation of this new lighting fixture is exceptionally
light and straightforward to carry in class for Environmental Science, where we may educate
about artificial lighting. Light is a type of energy that can be measured using conventional units
of energy. Its impact on the human environment is also dependent on the sensitivity of the
human eye. Because of this, the quantities of illumination are measured by a separate set of
units from one another. This subject aims to provide fundamental knowledge of the lighting
business's commonly used measurement methods and terminology. Understanding lighting
concepts in class is mainly accomplished via verbal explanations, which is the most frequent
approach. As a result, students struggle to visualised and are often perplexed when it comes to
comprehending the fundamentals of lighting theory. The Nur Mobile Lab will provide students
with a visual representation of the knowledge of lighting concepts. The lighting box shows the
seven (7) concepts that must be understood to grasp the fundamental idea of lighting for
successful teaching and learning environments. Solid angle, luminous intensity, luminous flux,
illuminance, inverse square law of illuminance, cosine law of illuminance, and reflection are
some of the concepts to consider. Students may show their understanding of the theory by
presenting a lighting design and calculation to provide adequate illumination in a room
following the Malaysian Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality requirements. The Nur Mobile
Lab will help students develop their creative abilities in their learning activities in class.

Keywords: lighting principles, light demonstration

101

PST014 – REMOTE INTRUSION RESPONSE SYSTEM
USING PYTHON AND TELEGRAM BOT

Shahadan Saad, Muhammad Syahid Farhan Mohd Jeman, Adib Farhan Azzemi, Ahmad
Firdaus Ahmad Fadzil, Albin Lamuel Kushan and Raihana Md Saidi*

Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan
Melaka, Kampus Jasin, 77300 Merlimau, Melaka

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Nowadays, network security became a vital part element in building network infrastructure. To
fulfil that, a network administrator needs to deploy a monitoring system such as Intrusion
Detection System (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) to alert them whenever an
intrusion takes place. However, the implementation of IDS is so passive that it does not provide
a platform for the network administrator to respond and managed remotely. Meanwhile, IPS
would blindly block all suspicious alerts despite the legitimacy of the signal. A system was
developed to give more options for the network administrator in deciding the response to
incoming threats and flexibility for the network administrator to monitor and respond
simultaneously. Therefore, this project proposes developing Intrusion Response System (IRS)
that can be managed remotely using Python and Telegram Bot and evaluating the network
performances via Remote Intrusion Response System (RIRS). The configuration and
development of the project involve a network environment created for an experimental testing
purpose that consisted of a switch, IRS host, FTP host, and web server host. A Python script is
developed using Snort and Iptables to generate the alert and blocking the intrusion via
Telegram Bot. Several common intrusions were emulated to the targeted host to test the
effectiveness of the system. Multiple network parameters such as delay, network, bandwidth,
and jitter corresponding to RIRS and SYN Flood attack implementation were recorded. They
showed there are no backlashes detected on the network performances, and SYN flood did not
limit the primary function of RIRS. In addition, RIRS only required minimal milliseconds in
responding to the attacks while notifying the admin in a matter of seconds. This indicated that
RIRS could be an attractive alternative for network administrators or SOHO environment
network users who want to secure their networking infrastructure.

Keywords: intrusion response system, remote intrusion response system, python, telegram bot

102

PST015 – ENHANCING LEARNING EXPERIENCE OF
GENETIC EXPRESSION USING GeneX KIT: A CASE

STUDY

Norlizayati Ramlan*, Tengku Norbaya Tengku Azhar and Puteri Noor Safura Megat Mahmud

Centre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Kampus
Dengkil, 43800 Dengkil, Selangor, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The "central dogma" of biology sciences describes the flow of genetic information from DNA
to RNA to protein as the most basic and complex concept in the field. Nevertheless, numerous
studies have reported student misconceptions and difficulty in learning this fundamental
concept of gene expression, especially among pre-university students. Advancement in
pedagogical methods such as game-based activity empower active and inquiry-based learning
shattered the conventional learning method, which limited the use of a static figure, reference
book or video animation. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of using the
GeneX Kit, the innovative designed board games in the gene expression learning process. This
hands-on kit comprises a lightweight board with various card elements to provide a hands-on
simulation in learning the transcription and translation process of a eukaryotic cell. It offers a
student-centred physical activity with gaming elements to learn within a group of friends with
or without an instructor's guide. Forty-nine pre-university students were divided into ten groups
comprising four to five individuals in each group. They completed the Likert scale surveyed
instruments on pre and post of the kit usage. Four items such as the ability to describe
transcription and translation process, completing base pairing, and reading codon-MRNA table
were used to measure students' understanding of the gene expression process. Descriptive data
reported that the mean value for all items was higher for the post-test than the pre-test. It thus
summarised the significant correlation between the pre and post-test of the kit application with
p=0.000. This result concluded that this kit's potential as an emerging supporting tool to
facilitate communicative engagement in the learning process of gene expression while
providing exciting activities and a fun learning experience among students.

Keywords: transcription, translation, GeneX kit, board-games

103

PST016 – DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN
AUTO-FEEDER FIXTURE AT THE ROLLER
COATING MACHINE WORKSTATION: AN

ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY

Izwan Hamid*, Putri Irda Ab Rahman and Syed Muhammad Amirul Syed Mohd Putra
Politeknik Sultan Azlan Shah, Behrang Stesyen, 35950, Behrang, Perak
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This collaborative project was carried out in one of the automotive companies in Malaysia.
This paper will demonstrate various techniques used to increase the productivity and efficiency
of Roller Coating Machine (RCM) workstation by applying the Conceive-Design-Implement-
Operate (CDIO) principles through Work-Based Learning (WBL). The Work-Based Learning
model is helpful for practical skill, innovation, critical and creative thinking to design and
implement this project. CDIO principles were used to identify the best solution to overcome
the productivity issue at the RCM workstation. The workstation faces several challenges
regarding the process of child parting, especially regarding the installing the child shaft due to
improper work movement. An automatic feeding device was designed using CATIA software,
fabricated and implemented in an RCM workstation to replace manual feeding. Corrective
action has been taken to remove some work elements that cause motion waste. Cycle time,
work sequence and monthly production data were compared to obtain the productivity and
efficiency of RCM workstations after implementing the auto-feeder fixture. After using the
auto feeder fixture, productivity increased by 14%.
Keywords: CDIO, WBL, productivity, fixture, auto-feeder

104

PST017 – SMART LEAKAGE CONTROL SYSTEM
(SLCS)

Muhamad Asrul Affendi Bin Mat Nor*, Farah Waheda Binti Othman and Sharul Nizam Bin
Yaakob

Kolej Komuniti Pasir Salak, Lebuh Paduka, Changkat Lada, 36800 Kampung Gajah, Perak

*Penulis koresponden: [email protected]

ABSTRAK

Smart Leakage Control System (SLCS) ini di reka bentuk untuk mengelakkan kebocoran pada
sistem penyamanan udara jika berlaku kebocoran. Di Malaysia, terdapat ramai pengguna
menggunakan alat penyaman udara sebagai pendingin. Penyaman udara akan rosak jika
beroperasi dengan tiada bahan pendingin. Kerosakan pada komponen, kos baik pulih dan
penyelenggaran menjadi mahal. Kebanyakan sistem penyamanan udara tidak dilengkapi
dengan sistem kawalan kebocoran bahan pendingin. Kebocoran bahan pendingin akan berlaku
selepas pemasangan dan penyelengaraan. Ini kerana, jika kerja penyambungan paip di antara
unit dalam dan unit luar tidak diikat dengan kemas akan terjadinya kebocoran bahan pendingin.
Terdapat juga akan berlaku kebocoran bahan pendingin di injap 3 hala pada unit luar, kerana
getah pelapik pada injap tersebut telah keras serta tekanan bahan pendingin di dalam sistem
tinggi semasa beroperasi menyebabkan terjadinya kebocoran. Sistem kawalan dan pendawaian
pada penyamanan udara diubah suai dengan penambahan dua pressure switch dan dua injap
solenoid. Tetapan jumlah tekanan bahan pendingin ditetapkan pada pressure switch yang
pertama. Jika terdapat perubahan tekanan bahan pendingin di dalam sistem, injap solenoid
pertama akan beroperasi untuk menutup saluran bahan pendingin di bahagian mampatan.
Bahan pendingin akan di sedut oleh pemampat dan akan disimpan pada unit luar. Apabila
bahan pendingin telah tersimpan pada unit luar, injap solenoid kedua dan pressure switch kedua
beroperasi untuk mematikan bekalan elektrik pada penyamanan udara. unit penyamanan udara
berhenti operasi dan bahan pendingin disimpan sepenuhnya pada unit luar. Kebocoran bahan
pendingin dapat dielakkan. Kelebihan pada sistem ini dapat mengelakkan kebocoran bahan
pendingin di dalam sistem penyamanan udara, mengurangkan penipisan ozon dan pemanasan
global.

Kata kunci: kebocoran bahan pendingin, sistem penyamanan udara, penipisan ozon,
pemanasan global

105

PST018 – DISPOSABLE HAND MADE FACE SHIELD

Abdul Hapes Mohammed*, Eliy Nazira Mat Nazir, Nurul Fatihah Abd Latip, Mimi Diana
Ghazali, Nur Firdaus Abdul Rashid, Siti Hannariah Mansor, Noraini Ismail and Fazly Amri

Mohd
Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perlis, Kampus Arau, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

During the height of the covid-19 outbreak in Malaysia, the usage of Face Shield has become
an essential element, especially for front liners. Beginning in February 2020, Malaysia was
affected by series of the wave of covid-19, with five figures cases a day recently and still
displaying an alarming scenario. Therefore, to meet the increasing demands of the face shield,
the UiTM Perlis research group is working on producing economic disposable handmade face
shields. This disposable handmade face shield is much more affordable and cheaper than most
other face shields on the marketplace. Besides, face shield materials are readily available such
as rubber bands, plastic covers, sponges and double-sided tape. The production can be achieved
in a shorter period without machines by three stages, i.e., cutting and pasting thick sponge onto
the plastic cover for the comfort of usage, installing wide rubber band for the tidiness of
consumption and sticker installation reflects superior face shield identification. In terms of
commercialisation, face shields can be marketed locally and abroad due to cost-saving
alternatives to society. Face shield manufacturing began with 50 pieces and has progressed
through four stages to 14,000 pieces. A successful face shield was donated to several hospitals
and medical clinics in Malaysia. This effort significantly helped support our government in
combating the pandemic covid-19 and to avoid dangerous situations for our medical
professionals and affected patients.
Keywords: disposable handmade face shield, personal protective equipment, front liners,
pandemic covid-19

106

PST019 – 3DRMV: 3D POINT RECONSTRUCTION
FROM MULTI-VIEW (MV) IMAGE USING
SIMPLIFIED CALIBRATION METHOD

Intan Syaherra Ramli1*, Rahmita Wirza O.K Rahmat2, Ng Seng Beng2, Hizmawati Madzin2
and Puteri Suhaiza Sulaiman2

1Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, Universiti
Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah, Negeri
Sembilan, Malaysia
2Multimedia Department, Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology,
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

3D reconstruction has significant demand in computer graphics, virtual reality and augmented
reality applications in various research fields. It is the process of capturing the appearance of
real objects, which can be accomplished either by active or passive methods. 3D reconstruction
from a dynamic approach can obtain high precision of 3D points. However, the process relies
on laser scanning and is restricted to a specific type of object. Moreover, the traditional method
of 3D reconstruction using software is precise but require skill, time-consuming and complex
operation. Therefore, 3D reconstruction using an image captured by a camera is low-cost,
faster, and easier for a novice, requiring less technical skill. The general process involves image
acquisition, feature extraction and matching, camera motion estimation and 3D point
reconstruction. However, there are still challenges to develop an accurate 3D model with a less
complex process. Thus, this innovation proposed a new method for 3D reconstruction from
multi-view (MV) images using a simplified calibration method. The proposed method
comprises the step for image acquisition using a smartphone camera which requires two images
from four viewpoints. Next, images were processed by the system automatically using the
proposed feature extraction method, depth estimation and merging the 3D point. The
experiment was conducted using five different types of subjects. The result shows that the
proposed method can generate an accurate 3D point with an average difference of only
1.05mm. Moreover, the proposed method only requires four image views to construct a
complete 3D point that can reduce the time complexity.

Keywords: 3D reconstruction, multi-view image, simplified calibration method

107

PST020 – e-DIRECTORY FOR COMMUNITY
PROJECTS AND INDUSTRIAL LINKAGES

Serah Hj Jaya1*, Lenny Yusrina Bujang Khedif2, Sulastri Putit2 and Ketty anak Chachil2
1Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan

Sarawak, Kampus Samarahan 2, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
2Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)
Cawangan Sarawak, Kampus Samarahan 2, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Data availability is one of the essential aspects for data to be usable. However, different forms
of the same data which appear in various places in an organisation will lead to data
inconsistency and inaccessibility. This, coupled with an increase in data quantity, hinders the
process of proper reporting. The Research and Industrial Linkages Department carries out
various projects and programs related to industries, community, and alumni. Currently, there
is no acceptable format required for the submission of reports on these projects. Therefore,
sometimes sharing data cannot be done quickly and effectively across the organisation as some
reports might not have the required information. Thus, there is a need for a proper database
management system that can help to improve organisational data availability, which
consecutively helps the end-users share the data swiftly and efficiently. PJI Directory System
is an online database system developed to effectively manage data of projects carried out by
the Industrial, Community, Alumni and Networking Unit under the Research and Industrial
Linkages Department. This system is also designed so that it is easy to store all pertinent details
about the project, such as the name of the project, implementation date, name of collaborators,
amount of grant received, number of staff and students involved and name of the person in
charge. There is also easy access to the information as this system does not require a specific
ID to log in and is very user-friendly. For commercialisation, this system can be further
customised to cater to the needs of other departments or organisations in monitoring the
implementation of projects that were carried out.

Keywords: online database system, data availability, community, alumni, industries

108

PST021 – A HYBRID DEA-AR/FAHP MODEL FOR
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

Nor Faradilah Mahad1*, Nur Azlina Abd Aziz1, Jamilah Mohd Mahyideen2
and Eley Suzana Kasim3

1Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences (FSKM),
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Seremban,
Persiaran Seremban Tiga/1, Seremban 3, 70300, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
2Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan
Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Seremban, Persiaran Seremban Tiga/1, Seremban 3, 70300,

Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
3Accounting Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam,

Selangor

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Known as a performance measurement tool, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), is a powerful
tool in measuring homogeneous Decision-Making Units (DMUs). However, the standard DEA
model has some problems. Unrealistic weights such as zero weights assigned to input and
output factors are one issue in DEA. This implies that some critical elements are entirely
neglected in the performance measurement. Therefore, the efficiency results obtained may not
be sensible and realistic. This could contribute to the wrong interpretation of efficiency results
and incorrect conclusions. Another issue with DEA is poor discrimination power, where many
DMUs are identified as efficient units. On the other hand, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy
Process (FAHP) is very useful for a fuzzy environment. Both DEA and FAHP have their
strength and limitations. This innovation aims to integrate DEA, FAHP and Assurance Region
(AR) to reduce the occurrences of impractical and unrealistic zero weights by incorporating
experts’ opinions in the DEA. The model is referred to as the DEA-AR/FAHP model. The
proposed model involves 2 phases. In the first phase, inputs, outputs, and models of DEA are
determined. In the second phase, FAHP is applied to elicit the experts’ opinions on the
importance of inputs and outputs. In contrast, the Assurance Region Method (AR) is used to
incorporate expert judgement in DEA. It will be shown that the proposed method is more
powerful and realistic in measuring the performance of DMUs as compared to standard DEA,
where the hybrid method successfully eliminates zero weights and improves discrimination
power.

Keywords: data envelopment analysis, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, assurance region

109

PST022 – e-CONTENT FOR GREEDY ALGORITHM

Zati Aqmar Zaharudin*, Rossidah Wan Abdul Aziz and Noor Hidayah Mohd Zaki
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences (FSKM),
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Seremban,
Persiaran Seremban Tiga/1, Seremban 3, 70300, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Online approach for the teaching and learning process requires an extra effort to ensure
continuous engagement from both students and teachers. Teaching mathematics subjects
requires thorough calculation procedure explanations. For face-to-face classes, the discussion
on tutorial questions, explanations from the selected students and subsequent discussion on a
particular topic are the benchmarks for teachers to ensure their students fully comprehend the
subject. In contrast, these benchmarks are often one-dimensional, making students'
understanding level unmeasurable unless assessed. As a result, in addition to lecture notes,
videos, and textbooks, some may provide interactive e-content on a specific topic or sub-topic.
Graph theory is a subject that integrates theory, calculation procedures, and algorithms. A
repetitive calculation procedure is required for issues involving algorithms, so that an
interactive lecture video would be beneficial. For this reason, we created an interactive e-
content on the Greedy Algorithm, a subtopic of graph theory. The video covered the
introductory of the algorithm and followed by two examples. Each example is followed by a
detailed explanation of the algorithm and a question that the students can try. Viewer opinions
on the video's content, materials, and quality are also elicited. As a result, most respondents
found e-content to be enjoyable and agree that it aids in the teaching and learning process.
Keywords: teaching innovation, ODL, e-content, greedy algorithm

110

PST023 – e-CONTENT FOR INTRODUCTORY OF
SEQUENCE AND SERIES

Zati Aqmar Zaharudin*, Noraimi Azlin Mohd Nordin and Norliana Mohd Lip
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences (FSKM),
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Seremban,
Persiaran Seremban Tiga/1, Seremban 3, 70300, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The covid-19 pandemic does change our lifestyle to a new level. Nowadays, a new norm of
teaching has been adapted in our daily lives where the need for the internet is a must. This is
to make sure online learning could be performed primarily for the university’s students. Most
universities worldwide adopt Open and Distance Learning (ODL) as a flexible teaching and
learning style. The ODL requires students to be able to access lecture videos at any time.
Compared to the conventional approach in teaching and learning, ODL would benefit most
students because they can replay the lecture content and re-do all of the examples provided,
resulting in a much better understanding level. An introductory section of any topic is vital
since it highlights key terms and notations. With this concept, we created an e-content to
introduce Sequence and Series, which is a chapter in Calculus. The e-content is a 10-minute
video that includes an introduction, examples related to the topic, and a summary of the
differences between sequence and series. The types of tests used to solve the sequence and
series are also shown in the video. Students also can review all the recorded Google Meet with
the lecturer and the tutorials related to the topic via the links provided in this e-content.
Keywords: teaching innovation, ODL, e-content, sequence and series

111

PST024 – PouShell FEED: EGGSHELL WASTE AS
POULTRY FEED

Suniza Anis Mohamad Sukri1*, Yusrina Andu2, Shazani Sarijan3, Mohammad Mijanur
Rahman1 and Tey-Ning1

1Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia
Kelantan, Kampus Jeli, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia.

2Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan
Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
3Department of Environment and Water Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This innovation presents the chicken eggshell waste as an alternative source for poultry feed
formulation known PouShell Feed. Eggshells are primarily considered useless, but their high
calcium content can benefits poultry in bone formation and egg production. In this project, 180
Japanese quails were fed pellets spiked with calcium from different sources such as chicken
eggshell, duck eggshell, and limestone (control). Japanese quails feed with chicken eggshells
formulation (PouShell Feed) shows the highest mortality rate and body weight than limestone
and duck eggshells formulation. Chicken eggshells are easy to obtain and much cheaper than
limestone, where commonly used in poultry feeding. Therefore, PouShell Feed has good
potential to be commercialised as an alternative low-price broiler feed in the poultry industry.
In addition, this innovation can give an advantage to the healthy environment by reducing
eggshell waste through recycling and promote sustainable poultry production.
Keywords: chicken eggshell, duck eggshell, calcium, growth performance, poultry feed
product

112

PST025 – StatTutor MOBILE: A DIGITAL LEARNING
PLATFORM

Zuraida Jaafar*, Mahfuzah Mahayadin, Norul Fadhilah Ismail and Nur Ida Aniza Rusli
Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan
Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

During the covid-19 pandemic, the education system has changed dramatically, with the rise
of e-learning, where teaching is taken remotely and on a digital platform comprehensively. The
use of technologies is integrated from traditional to interactive learning to innovate and
implement alternative ways of imparting knowledge and assessment strategies to ensure the
learning process runs smoothly. STA408 is one of the most challenging subjects. It involves
many concepts and calculations, which sometimes causes difficulties in identifying the correct
formulas for hypothesis testing and constructing a confidence interval. Consequently, we
develop a digital learning platform through google sites and mobile applications to facilitate
students’ access to information related to STA408. The students can use this platform for self-
learning and self-evaluated learning since it is a centralized course material and easy to access.
It consists of learning activities divided into course materials, course notes, past year paper,
application, and self-review. This platform is appropriate for interested students and experience
difficulties in studying statistics. Online learning offers users a more flexible time concerning
where students can learn at their own pace, going back and re-reading, skipping, or accelerating
through topics as they choose. Therefore, it is hoped that this medium can help students develop
understanding through interactive learning and gain fruitful learning experiences in statistics.
Keywords: mobile application, self-learning, statistics, STA408

113

PST026 – NANOEMULSION FOAM AND ITS
POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN DAIRY MILK

Norliza Julmohammad*, Siti Norazilah Maklin, Emeline Tan, Sarizan Sabari and Suryani
Saallah

Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Milk foams are desirable for many products in the dairy industry. However, some factors
related to milk quality, composition, and processing that affect the foaming causes natural
destabilization of the foams. The commercial cream separator with different fractionation and
concentration stages is used to vary the milk fat globules (0.8, 2.6, 3.7, 4.7 and 5.5) μm and
standardized to 3.5 % of the fat content in milk. The degree of milk fat influence on the foaming
properties of milk is greatly dependent on fat content, the physical state of the fat, and fat
globule size. The milk foam properties were evaluated by mechanical, air and steam injection.
The viscosity and zeta-potential of the milk samples increased as the fat globule size increased,
increasing the emulsion stability. It has been found that droplet size had a significant impact
on the rheological characteristics of emulsions. Moreover, the foamability of the milk samples
improved when the milk fat droplet size is less than 2.6 μ. The air bubbles in foam increase as
the fat globule size increase but does not affect the foam stability. Therefore, this study will
help determine the milk fat properties containing different nanoemulsions and further
investigate the effects of different nanoemulsion droplet sizes on foaming structure and
properties. The new finding nanoemulsion dairy milk fat will improve foaming structure and
foam properties that have potential towards the dairy milk-based beverage industry in the
future.
Keywords: nanoemulsion, dairy milk, milk foam, milk fat properties, foaming properties

114

PST028 – eMathOnotes©: INNOVATIVE GUIDED E-
NOTES FOR EFFECTIVE BUSINESS MATHEMATICS

LEARNING

Puteri Faida Alya Zainuddin1* and Azilawati Banchit2

1Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan
Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia.

2Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Sarawak,
Sarawak, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The traditional method of chalk talks or lecturers writing on the board in teaching mathematics
or any other numerical and modelling concepts to students is still preferred by many lecturers.
As online classes are still being resumed due to the ongoing pandemic, this poses many
challenges for effective learning, especially for students. Studies have shown that guided
mathematics notes prepared by the lecturers and paired with students own revision strategies
significantly improve their understanding and learning. Therefore, this paper is introducing
eMathOnotes©, a learning innovation by incorporating the application of readily available
technology called CANVA and prepared notes on Business Mathematics (the application of
various mathematical concepts in business trading); which provides a one-stop platform for
university students in an attractive one-page file instead of multiples pages. The guided note
consists of all the formulas, basic explanations of the topic with examples, and links or
addresses that connect to more examples and information available on the internet on the
subjects (e.g. Videos showing lecturers explaining the concept and steps to solve for the
provided example on the notes). Students will also be provided with other links (QR code) to
more exercises they will attempt for themselves and the solutions for the topics concerned.
Currently, secondary and primary school students are provided with many notes with this type
of interactive notes in their textbooks. Still, none that we are aware of is available for university
students, especially in Business Mathematics.

Keywords: business mathematics, mathematics teaching, university, guided e-notes,
interactive note

115