Free trade agreements are about reducing tariffs, market access in services, protection of intellectual property rights, streamlining customs procedures, trade remedy measures, and dispute settlement mechanism. Equally important if not even more important than these provisions is the designation of rules of origin. Many benefits can be lost if restrictive rules of origin are incorporated. Rules of origin are supposed to be straightforward and easy-to-follow methods used to determine origin of imported goods. The policy question that arises is how to improve trade integration among Arab countries through more effective rules of origin.

Adhering to international intellectual property standards is crucial for
accession to the WTO. In this context, Jordan substantially revised its intellectual property laws to comply with TRIPs by adding new provisions, covering existing gaps, and effectively enforcing the new
laws. This is just the first step in a long and bumpy road to achieve
higher level of protection but it is a step in the right direction.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the different kinds of rules of origin included in the
US-Arab countries free trade agreements (FTAs), and suggest reform measures that should be adopted to ease the complexity and costs of rules of origin in these agreements.

The catalogue provides description of the college of law at University of Sharjah.

The purpose of this article is to elucidate the protection of intellectual
prpoerty under Sharia law. The article approaches this subject not only historically but also analytically.

A key part of Brexit negotiations was about the border that separates Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.International law and trade/investment agreements do recognize that states have the inherent right to override their obligations to defend national security interests.

Nowadays food security has become more than ever before a worldwide concern particularly in the MENA region. Food security is explicitly mentioned in the preamble of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) as a non-trade concern that should be given consideration in trade negotiations along with protecting the environment and the possible negative effects of the implementation of the agreement (AoA) on the net food-importing developing countries. However during the last food crises (2007/2008 and 2010/2011), global food prices spiked in unprecedented way and world food markets were disrupted in such a way that many countries, scholars, and development institutions questioned the reliance on trade and world markets to solve developing countries food security issues.

This volume is the sixth in a series of annual publications from the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). Prepared by the WIPO-WTO Colloquium for Teachers of Intellectual Property, this collection of academic papers represents an important contribution to international scholarship in the field of intellectual property (IP).

The purpose of this paper is to exam is to examine air liberalization in Arab countries.

The central concern of this article is to examine the rise of well-known marks in the Jordanian legal system from initial judicial recognition of marks to the amendment of the Jordanian trademarks law. The article is divided into three parts: regulation of well-known marks in Jordan prior to its WTO accession; the current protection granted to well-known marks as of the recent amendments to the Trademarks Law; and Jordan’s enforcement efforts to protect these marks.

The purpose of the article is to examine the visa provisions in the U.S. trade agreement with Jordan.

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is one of the best dispute settlement mechanisms in the world. Under WTO rules, aggrieved parties must establish a “prima facie” case before the panel can call on
the offending party to respond to the claims. The objective of the present study is to critically evaluate the
application of the concept of burden of proof underWTOdispute settlement mechanism.

Part I of this article will first provide background on the ART deal in its relation to the World Cup. Part II will discuss the economics of exclusivity, and the likely social effects on Arab fans. Because broadcasting is related to copyright law, Part III of
this article will provide an overview of the attempts made by Arab
countries to improve copyright protection. Additionally, this
section will discuss how ART’s exclusive rights will be analyzed
under the existing copyright laws of Arab countries. Part IV will
investigate the antitrust implications of ART’s exclusive rights. Finally, Part V will provide some solutions to the issue of ART’s exclusivity that attempt to balance the right of Arab fans and the
development of a diverse broadcasting industry in Arab countries. This article concludes that given current trends regarding World
Cup broadcasting in Arab countries, legislative or regulatory action
should be taken to guarantee that World Cup matches are available
to all Arab fans regardless of their ability to gain access to or afford pay television. In sum, Arab fans should come first.

Arab countries are attempting to broaden their engagement in the multilateral trading system in a manner that has many implications. Not only have some Arab countries either acceded or are in the pipeline of accedingto the World Trade Organization (WTO), but their new commitments coincide with reorientations in their economic strategies. The purpose of
this article is to examine the involvement in and implications of the multilateral trading system on Arab countries.

The article will provide analysis of Islamic finance, including its underpinnings. The article also discusses the fundamental Islamic legal mechanics as compared to conventional finance and then examines the main forms of Islamic finance. However, before discussing Islamic law and its relation to finance it would be helpful to provide a background of Islamic law.

Rules of origin (ROO) are pivotal element of the Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA). ROO are basically established to ensure that only eligible products receive preferential tariff treatment. Taking into consideration the profound implications of ROO for enhancing trade flows and facilitating the success of regional integration, this article sheds light on the way that ROO in GAFTA are designed and implemented. Moreover, the article examines the extent to which ROO still represents an obstacle to the full implementation of GAFTA. In addition, the article provides ways to overcome the most important shortcomings of ROO text in the agreement and ultimately offering possible solutions to those issues.

Jordan made substantial market access commitments as part of its WTO membership negotiations. Jordan has low average tariffs with single or two digits rate and ad valorem-only duties with some exceptions where specific duties apply. Customs standards in Jordan were streamlined in accordance with WTO rules. Jordan confirmed in its accession to the WTO that free zones or export processing zones would be fully subject to the coverage of the commitments taken in the protocol of accession. The purpose of this article is to examine and analyze Jordan’s current imports and tariffs regime.

The Jordanian Law of Commercial Agents and Intermediaries No. 28 of
2001 covers all forms of sale contracts through intermediaries. This law
provides express restrictions and protective provisions on the conduct by
local agents of internal commercial agency activities. However, these
statutory protections are granted only to registered agencies conducted
by national agents.

We seek to investigate the effect of oil price on UAE goods trade deficit with
the U.S. The current increase in the price of oil and the absence of significant studies in the UAE economy are the main motives behind the current study. Our paper focuses on a small portion of UAE trade, which is 11% of the UAE foreign trade, however, it is a significant part since the U.S. is a major trade partner with the UAE. The current paper concludes that oil price has a significant positive influence on real imports. At the same time, oil price does not have a significant effect on real exports. As a result, any increase in the price of oil increases goods trade deficit of the UAE economy. The policy implication of the current paper is that the revenue of oil sales is not used to encourage UAE real exports.

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and the internet are two very
topical issues. Online alternative dispute resolution (OADR), or ADR
online, refers to the use of internet technology, wholly or partially, as a
medium by which to conduct the proceedings of Alternative Dispute
Resolution (ADR), in order to resolve commercial disputes which arise from the use of the internet. Those proceedings are operated by neutral
private bodies under published rules of procedure.