GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BLACK TURMERIC (Curcuma caesia) FROM DIFFERENT TREATMENT OF POLYBAG-RIDGE AND SHADING GSN49918 (PITA 1) SV: DR. NORHIDAYAH BINTI CHE SOH NAME: SITI ZAFIRAH BINTI MOHD AKHIR MATRIC NUM.: S59876
INTRODUCTION 80% of the world's population uses traditional medicines such as herbs for health purposes (Sandhya et al., 2006). Malaysia is suitable for the commercialization of traditional herbs under the National Key Economic Area (NKEA) Curcuma caesia which is a herb also known as Kunyit Hitam (black turmeric), considered as commercial plant. The rhizomes are used in the treatment of hemorrhoids, asthma, cancer, fever, menstrual disorder and smooth muscle relaxant activity (Kamakar et al., 2011) (Ahmad et al.,2015). 01 1.1 Background study
01 INTRODUCTION One of the possible managements for the production of C. caesia are by using different treatment polybag-ridge and shading Polybag growing offers several benefits, including efficient space utilization, mobility and portability & nutrient control. Meanwhile, ridge can conserve moisture, improve soil drainage & absorb heat more efficiently. Shading can improve light distribution, enhance the uniformity of plant growth, pest and animal control (Pandiyaraj, 2017) 1.1 Background study
PROBLEM STATEMENT Lack of information on the cultivation practices that optimize the growth and yield of C. caesia (Yektiningsih et al., 2022) The increasing demand and scarcity of the species on the market produces high rise in market price (approx. 37$ -122$ per kilogram) (Benya et al, 2023) 01 02 03 Nowadays, both cultivation and processing of medicinal plant might be costly if using conventional method only (Bafort et al., 2022)
Proper production practices can fulfill the market demand Can identify the most effective cultivation methods that maximize the yield and quality of the crop SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY Can fill in the gap of knowledge for farmer to produce better yield and quality of C. caesia
OBJECTIVE To evaluate growth of Curcuma caesia in polybag-ridge and shading. To determine the best treatment combination on the growth of Curcuma caesia.
LITERATURE REVIEW 02 Long and broad, lanceolate, and glabrous leaves Curcuma caesia (Black Tumeric) Plant description Function: Medicinal uses (asthma, cancer, fever) etc (Kamakar et al., 2011). Name: Curcuma caesia Family: Zingiberaceae Habitat: subtropical to temperate (Yadav et al., 2019). The colour of the rhizome is blackish-blue internally Reddish-violet of the leaves Rhizome that grows underground produces leaves (Sonjit et al., 2013)
LITERATURE REVIEW Polybag-ridge Polybag Ridge Advantages: Less for weeding, easy water management & reduce the risk of pest and diseases. Advantages: Conservation of moisture, improve soil drainage & absorb heat more efficiently. Disadvantages: Limited root space, limited nutrient & waterlogging. Disadvantages: Limited suitable for certain crop, potential soil erosion risk & soil compaction. (wijayanto et al., 2022) (Eggert et al., 2018)
LITERATURE REVIEW Shading Shade netting can be made from knitted polyethylene which designed to provide shade and protection to plants (Oren-shamir et al., 2001) Benefit: Improve light distribution, enhance the uniformity of plant growth, pest and animal control (Pandiyaraj, 2017) Have different percentage of shading intensity (Song et al., 2022)
03 MATERIALS AND METHOD
The mix soil will be consisting top soil and coco peat in ratio 3:1. mixed soil is filled into polybags weighing 5 kg with 0.8 g manure fertilizer for each polybag. with size 12 x 15 inches. 5 kg mix soil is mixed with 0.8 g of manure fertilizer. Beds with a 15cm height, 30 cm width, and a convenient length can be prepared to provide at least 20 cm distance between beds. SHADING The shading size that will be use is 28 x 96 inches for each shading intensity. The percentage use are 0%, 30%, 50% and 70%. There were four main plots for this experiment which are shading with N1 = 0 %, N2 = 30%, N3 = 50% and N4 = 70%. C. caesia will be planted in polybag, T1 and by using ridge, T2. (Based on the next figure) EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FERTILIZER APPLICATION 0.08 g of manure fertilizer is given to each of the polybags for every two weeks. For ridge, also 0.08 g of manure each plant on ridge for two weeks. DATA COLLECTION & PARAMETERS MEASURED Plant height Number of leaves Number of rhizome bud Total rhizome weight Fresh and dry weight of rhizome Leaf area Root length Absolute growth rate (AGR) Relative growth rate (RGR) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. SOIL PREPARATION 03 MATERIALS AND METHOD Materials: Polybag, top soil, cocopeat, shading net, Pipe Resource: Bought from nearby hardware store and nursery C. caesia: 40 plants
03 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN N1T1: Shading 0% Polybag. N1T2: Shading 0% Ridge. N2T1: Shading 30% Polybag. N2T1: Shading 30% Ridge. N3T1: Shading 50% Polybag. N3T2: Shading 50% Ridge. N4T1: Shading 70% Polybag. N4T2: Shading 70% Ridge. N= Shading T1= Polybag T2= Ridge R= Replicate
DATA ANALYSIS 04 All result obtained in this experiment will be using Two – Way ANOVA by using IBM SPSS statistic version 26. The data is analyse by Tukey’s test multiple comparison of means at least significant different at p < 0.05.
EXPECTED RESULTS 05 The results will determine the best cultivation method of polybag-ridge and shading intensity at the end of the research The best treatment will produce a good result
REFERENCES 06 Ahmad, F., Zaidi, M. A. S., Sulaiman, N., and Majid, F. A. A. 2015. Issues and challenges in the development of the herbal industry in Malaysia. Prosiding Perkem 10(1): 227-238. Benya, A., Mohanty, S., Hota, S., Das, A. P., Rath, C. C., Achary, K. G., and Singh, S. 2023. Endangered Curcuma caesia Roxb.: Qualitative and quantitative analysis for identification of industrially important elite genotypes. Industrial Crops and Products 195: 116363. Eggert, M., Schiemann, J., and Thiele, K. 2018. Yield performance of Russian dandelion transplants (Taraxacum koksaghyz L. Rodin) in flat bed and ridge cultivation with different planting densities. European Journal of Agronomy 93: 126-134. Karmakar, I., Dolai, N., Bala, A., and Haldar, P. K. 2011. Anxiolytic and CNS depressant activities of methanol extract of Curcuma caesia rhizome. Pharmacologyonline 2: 738-47. Bafort, F., Kohnen, S., Maron, E., Bouhadada, A., Ancion, N., Crutzen, N., and Jijakli, M. H. 2022. The Agro-Economic Feasibility of Growing the Medicinal Plant Euphorbia peplus in a Modified Vertical Hydroponic Shipping Container. Horticulturae 8(3): 256.
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REFERENCES Yektiningsih, E., Handarista, P. D., and Amir, I. T. 2022. Farmers'decisions in Tumeric Sales in Ngepung, Gresik Regency. Agroland The Agricultural Sciences Journal (e-Journal) 9(2): 81-88. Yadav, M., and Saravanan, K. K. 2019. Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant potential of rhizome extracts of Curcuma amada Roxb and Curcuma caesia Roxb. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9(5): 123-126. Wijayanto, F., Khairuddin, M. S., Alfitra, N. Z., Tsaqif, N., and Hanafi, F. I. 2022. The Ecofriendly Polybag: Natural Polybag, as an Alternative for Plastic Polybag Problem. Jurnal Integrasi Sains dan Qur'an (JISQu) 1(2).
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