Index [assets.cambridge.org]

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-65151-6 - Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction, and Symmetry
Marc De Graef and Michael E. McHenry
Index
More information

Index

Abelian group 200 amphiboles 733
Abrikosov, Alexei A. 720 amphiphiles 767
Abrikosov vortices 720 andalusite 733, 738
absorption, 51, 265 andradite 737
angle
coefficient 648
correction 315 between atomic bonds 88
edge 266 between lattice directions 89
function 647
linear coefficient 266 alternative method 90, 673
mass coefficient 266 between planes 120
absorption factor 315 angular momentum quantum
acrylamide 769 number 27
acrylonitrile 771 anion 654
actinide series 34 anisotropic 16
activation energy 632 anomalous scattering 355, 356
active operator 170 anti-phase boundary (APB) 494, 687
adenine 780 energy 494
adenosine 780 anti-prismatic coordination polyhedron
Advanced Photon Source (APS) 352 663
aerogel 754, 756 antibonding energy states 480
agreement indices 374 antibonding orbitals 451
Agricola, Georgius 22 antiferromagnetic 333
alkali metals 34–36 antifluorite structure 486
alkali-halide 40, 655, 693 aperiodic tiling 430
alkaline earth metals 34 approximants 537, 616
alkoxides 755 aquamarine 734, 743
allotrope 405 Arago, Dominique Francois
allotropic 465, 762 Jean 160
alternating group 427 Archimedean 442
A3 427 solid 410, 457, 539
A4 427 tiling 433, 518, 528, 530
alumina 670 Archimedean tilings 433
aluminates 732 Argand diagram 303
aluminosilicates 732, 734 armchair carbon nanotube 794
amethyst 748 aromatic hydrocarbons 764
Amici, Giovanni Battista 160 arrangement 55
amorphons 628 artificially modulated
amorphous 619, 761 structure 497
ice 763 asymmetric tetrahedron 171
solid 619 asymmetric unit 250, 362
atactic 773
824
www.cambridge.org
© Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-65151-6 - Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction, and Symmetry
Marc De Graef and Michael E. McHenry
Index
More information

825 Index

atom Bohr magneton 326, 333
energy level 51 Bohr’s atomic model 24
first speculations 49 Boltzmann constant 9
bond length 654
atomic bond strength, s 660
displacement 501 bonding energy states 480
fraction 467 bonding orbitals 451
packing fraction 464 borates see mineral classes
radii 655 Born, Max 52, 127
scattering factor 297, 339, 373, 483, 641 borosilicate 743
numerical computation 298 Boscovich, Ruggero Giuseppe 92
size 34 Boyle, Robert 49
size factor 467 Bragg
vibrations 313
volume 464, 465 angle 274, 276
equation 324
atomistic 5 orientation 277
Auger electron 646 scattering vector 605
Auger electron spectroscopy 645 Bragg, William Henry 290
Aurivillius, Bengt 682 Bragg, William Lawrence 290
Aurivillius phases 682, 683 Bragg’s law 258, 340
austenite 502 Bragg–Brentano diffractometer 282
average coordination number (ACN) 519 braking-radiation 261
average molecular weight 768 branched polymer 769
axial glide plane 189 Bravais, August 75
azimuthal quantum number 27 Bravais lattice 80, 81, 97, 230, 403, 430,
624
backscattering phase shift 647 Bravais nets 71
balancing subscripts 62 Bremsstrahlung 261
ball-and-stick representation 365 Brewster, David 160
band gap, g brick 440
band theory 468, 469, 511 brilliance 352
Barlow, William 254 brittle mica 745
barrelenes 791 Brockhouse, Bertram N. 358
basalt 736 Bronze Age 1
basis 430 buckide salts 787
basis vectors 58 Buckminsterfullerene 46, 407
Bucky balls 407
transformation direct to reciprocal 143 Bucky tubes 408, 790
bcc derivative structure 482 bulk amorphous alloys 626, 630, 637
bcc structure 465 bulk modulus 473
beam line 352
beam stop 284 Cahn, John Werner 613
Bednorz, J. Georg 696, 725 calcite 740
Beer’s law 266, 646 capsid 783
beitoite 742 capsomers 783
benzene 765 Carangeot, Arnould 92, 160
benzene crystal 765 carbohydrate 383
Bergman, Tobers Olof 93 carbon nanotubes (CNT) 445, 790
Bergman polyhedron 541, 611 carbonates see mineral classes
Bernal, John Desmond 650 Cardano, Gerolamo 756
Bernal polyhedra 626 Cartesian reference frame 80, 81, 86
bertrandite 733 Caspar, Donald L. D. 783
beryl 734, 743 cation 654
binding energy 39 Cayley’s square 200
Binnig, Gerd 725 ccp 45
biological macromolecular crystals 761 cellular structure 563
biotite 734 cementite 502, 633
block copolymer 767, 774
Bohr, Neils 24

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-65151-6 - Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction, and Symmetry
Marc De Graef and Michael E. McHenry
Index
More information

826 Index

central potential 40 Cu Zn 482
centrosymmetric 214
ceramic 654 Fe Co 665
chabazite 749, 750
Chadwick, Sir James 50, 325 Fe Pd 477
chain-reaction (addition) polymerization 770
chalcopyrite 486 Fe Pt 477
character 427
characteristic radiation 263 Li Tl 482
charge transfer 654
charge transfer compound 778 MgO 654
chemical potential 37
chiral angle 445 Na Cl 480, 654, 664–668
chiral carbon nanotube 794
chiral objects 216 Ni As 487, 679–680
chiral vector 793
chirality 216 Si C 655
choppers 330
Christian, Jack 505 Zn O 486
Chu, Paul 696
class 405 Zn S 484, 486, 655, 668–670
clathrate 761, 765
B1 480, 665
semiconducting 766
Clebsch, Alfred 424 B2 482, 665
close packing 44, 446
close packed planes 445 B3 484, 668
close-packed structure 44, 446
coefficient of thermal expansion 758 B4 486, 670
coercivity 547
coherent scattering 296 B81 679
cohesion 93 C6 680
cohesive energy 469, 510, 628
coincident site lattices 476 L10 477
coincidental equality 171 B81 487
collimator 280, 283 wurtzite 670
color 93
color tilings 438 ABC compounds 486
columnar micelles 754
combination 770 Al As Mg 486
commensurate long period structure 501
commensurate superlattice 501 ABO3 compounds 671
commutative group 200 Ba Ti O 3 5, 672
complex number notation 260 Ca C O 3 (calcite) 741
compound structures Ca Ti O 3 671
La Cu O 3 684
AB compounds 480 Mg Si O 3 672
-CoFe 482 Na xW O 3 (tungsten bronze) 685
-Al Ni 482 Sr Ti O 3 4
-Au Cd 482 E21 671
-Ni Zn 482 perovskite 671–675
-brass 482
ABO4 compounds
Al Fe 482 Zn W O 4 (sanmartinite) 685
AsGa 484, 655, 670
CoPt 477 AB2 compounds 524
Cr Fe( -phase) 533–534 B Fe 2 524
CsCl 482, 664 C O 2 (solid) 763–764
Cu Au 477 Ca F 2 485, 667
Cu Ti 477 Cd I 2 679, 680
Ce Co 2 549
Ce Fe 2 549
Cu 2Mg 527–529
Dy Co 2 549
Dy Fe 2 549
Er Co 2 549
Er Fe 2 549
Gd Co 2 549
Gd Fe 2 549
Ho Co 2 549
Ho Fe 2 549
Lu Co 2 549
Lu Fe 2 549
Mg 2Pb 485
Mg 2Si 485
Mg 2Sn 485
Mg Ni 2 527, 531–532, 556
Mg Zn 2 527, 529–530

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-65151-6 - Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction, and Symmetry
Marc De Graef and Michael E. McHenry
Index
More information

827 Index

Nd Co 2 549 -Fe 7Hf 3 635
Pm Fe 2 549 Co 2Hf 635
Pm Mn 2 549 Co 2Zr 635
Pr Co 2 549 D 2O 762
Pr Fe 2 549 Fe 2B 633
Si O 2 655 Fe 2Hf 635
Sm Co 2 549 Fe 2Zr 635
Sm Fe 2 549 K 2O 486
Tb 1−xDy xFe 2 (Terfenol-D) 549 A2BC compounds
Tb Co 2 549 Cu 2Mn Al 484
Ti O 2 (rutile) 679, 680 Ga Ni 2Mn 484
Tm Co 2 549 Mn Pt 2Sb 484
Tm Fe 2 549 Mn Pt 2Sn 484
Yb Co 2 549 Ni 2Mn Sb 484
Zr O 2 654 L21 484
C14 527, 529–530 A2B3 compounds
Al 2O 3 654, 670–671
C15 527–529 corundum 670

C1 485 A3B compounds 518
Cr 3Si 519
C36 527, 531–532 Fe 3B 633
Fe 3C 633
C4 680 Fe 3Zr 635
Nb 3Sn 519
AB2C compounds 486 Nb 3Ti 519
AB2O4 compounds 671 Nb 3Zr 519
W 3O 518
MFe 2O 4 676 A15 518–521
Fe 3O 4 (magnetite) 676
Mg Al 2O 4 675 A3B2 compounds 523
Mn 3O 4 677 Al 2Zr 3 523
Mn 0 5Zn 0 5Fe 2O 4 4
Ni 0 5Zn 0 5Fe 2O 4 679 A4B3 compounds 523
ferrite 676–677 Al 3Zr 4 523

spinel 671, 675–679 A6B7 compounds 535
-phase 535
AB3 compounds
Al 3Ti 496 W 6Fe 7 535
Al Cu 3 496 complex structures
Al Fe 3 481, 486
Au 3Cd 478 Bi2O2 2+ An−1BnO3n+1 2−
Au 3Zn 496 (Aurivillius phases) 682
Bi F 3 481, 486
Co 3Al 478 A2 An−1BnX3n+1 (Ruddelson-Popper
Co 3Pt 489 phases) 683, 685
Cu 3Au 477
Cu 3Pd 496 R3 Fe M 29 571
Fe 3Si 481 Lan+1CunO3n+1 684
Ni 3Fe 478
Ni 3Sn 488 -Al -Mn -Si 537–541
Pd 3Fe 478
Pt 3Sn 478 -Sm 2Co 17 572
Sm Co 3 555–556 -Al 3Mg 2 536
D03 481 -Co 4Zr 635
D019 488 (MO)(Al 2O 3)6 (hexa-aluminate) 681
D022 496 (MO)(Fe 2O 3)6 (hexaferrite) 681
L12 477 (Pr 3(Fe 1−xCo x)27 5Ti 1 5 571
Al 3Nb 10Ni 9 (M-phase) 536
AB5 compounds Al H 4Na 503
Au Be 5 550 B 6Cr 23 552
Ca Cu 5 556–558 Ba Fe 12O 19 (magnetoplumbite) 681
Sm Co 5 556–559 Bi 2Mo O 6 682
U Ni 5 550–551 C 6Cr 23 633
Cd 2Na 536
A2B compounds 486 Cd 3Cu 4 536

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-65151-6 - Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction, and Symmetry
Marc De Graef and Michael E. McHenry
Index
More information

828 Index

compound structures (Cont.) Ca 3Fe 2Si 3O 12 (andradite) 737
Ca Al 2Si 4O 12 · 6H 2O (chabazite) 750
Co 23Hf 6 635 Ca Fe Si O 4 (kirschteinite) 735, 738
Co 5Cr 2Mo 3 (R-phase) 536 Ca Mg(Si O 3)2 (diopside) 733
Cr 9Mo 21Ni 20 (P-phase) 536 Ca Mg Si O 4 (monticellite) 733, 735,
Cu Fe S2 486
Fe Pt n 497 738
Gd 3Fe 5O 12 (garnet) 737
In Ga As 2 486 Ca Si O 3 (wollastonite) 740–741
La 2Cu O 4 684 Ca Sn Si O 5 (malayite) 733
La 3Cu 2O 7 684 Ca Ti Si O 5 (titanite) 733
La Co 13 553–555 Co B 2Si 2O 8 (danburite) 733
Mg 32(Al ,Zn)49 537–541 Fe 2Si O 4 (fayalite) 735
Na Zn 13 554 K(Mg ,Fe)3Al Si 3O 10(O H)2
Nd 2Fe 14B 566–567
Pb Bi 2Nb 2O 9 682 (biotite) 734
Sm 2Co 17N 3 572
Sm 2Fe 17 572 K Al 3 Si 3O 10(O H)2 (muscovite) 734
Sm 2Fe 17N 3 572 K Al 3Si 3O 10(O H)2
Sm 3(Fe ,Ti)29N 5 573
Sm(Fe ,Ti)12 572 (muscovite) 745–746
Sm(Fe ,Ti)12N 572
Sm Zn 12 565 K Al Si 2O6 (leucite) 734
Sr 32Bi 24+ Al 48O 141+3 /2 751 Mg 2Si O 4 (forsterite) 735–736
Sr Bi 2Ta 2O 9 683 Mg 3Si 2O 5(O H)2 (serpentine) 734
Th 6Mn 23 551–553 Mg 3Si 4O 10(O H)2 (talc) 734
Th 6Mn 23 636 Mg Si O 3 (enstatite) 733
Ti 2C S 686 Na 2Al 2Si 3O 10-2H 2O (natrolite) 734
E11 486 Na 4Al 3 Si 3O 12C O (sodalite) 734
chalcopyrite 486 Na 4Al 3Si 3O 12Cl (sodalite) 749–750
Na 4−5Al3Si 3O 12 S (lazurite) 734
garnet 736–738 Na 8−10 Al 6Si 6O 24S2−4 (lazurite) 751
Na Al Si 2O6 (jadeite) 733
M-phase 536 Na Al Si 2O 6 (jadeite) 741–742
Na Ca 2Al 5Si 13 O 36 · 14H 2O
P-phase 536
(stilbite) 734
R-phase 536
Si O 2 (quartz) 734, 747–749
elements see elemental structures Zn 4Si 2O 7(O H)2· 2H 2O

silicates (hemimorphite) 733

M(Al , Si)4O8 (feldspar) 734 Zr Si O 4 (zircon) 733, 734, 738
-Si O 2 748 compressibility 470
-Si O 2 748
Compton modified radiation 296
(M32+M23+)(Si O 4)3 (garnet) 733
(Mg ,Fe)2Si O 4 (olivine) 733 Compton scattering 296, 332
(Na ,K)(Al ,Si)2 O 4 (nepheline) 734
[Al(F ,O H)]3Si O 4 (topaz) 738 concentration gradient 16
Al 2Si 2O 5(O H)4 (kaolinite) 746
Al 2Si 4O 10(O H)2 (pyrophyllite) 734 condensation polymerization 772
Al 2Si O 5 (andalusite) 733, 738
Al 2Si O 5 (kyanite) 733, 738–739 condenser lenses 342
Al 2Si O 5 (sillimanite) 733, 738–739
Al 3Si 2O 5(O H)4 (kaolin) 734 conducting block 697, 710, 712
Ba Ti(Si O 3)3 (beitoite) 742
Be 3Al 2Si 6O 18 (beryl) 734, 743 confusion principle 639
Be 4Si 2O 7(O H)2 (bertrandite) 733
Ca 2(Al ,Fe)Al 2Si 3O 13H congruent equality 171

(epidote) 739–740 congruent melting 475

Ca 2Mg 5(O H)2(Si 4O 11)2 congruent melting point 475, 526
(tremolite) 733, 744
constancy of interfacial angle 108
Ca 2Mg Si 2O 7 733
Ca 2Si O 4 733, 735 constructive interference 271

contact goniometer 160

continued fractions 584

continuous random network (CRN)

model 752

convergent beam electron diffraction

(CBED) 310, 348

Cooper pairs 695

coordinate transformation 144

direct space to Cartesian 151

direction vector 145

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-65151-6 - Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction, and Symmetry
Marc De Graef and Michael E. McHenry
Index
More information

829 Index

in direct space 145 cuboctahedral 661
in reciprocal space 146 cuboctahedron 108, 410, 443, 511, 514, 663
inverse 145 cumulant function 370
metric tensor 145 cuprate conducting block 697
reciprocal metric tensor 147 Curie temperature 334
reciprocal space to Cartesian 152 Curl, Robert 408, 426
summary 147 cut and project method 587, 588
to Cartesian 149 cyclic group 202, 404
coordinates 58 cyclic permutations 426
coordination number 515, 660 cyclooctatetraene dianion 420
coordination polyhedron 515, 654 cyclosilicates 733, 740
coordination shell 515 cylinder
copolymers 774
corundum 670 symmetry of 192
Coulomb force 26 cytidine 780
Coulomb interaction 41, 47 cytosine 780
covalent bond 43, 655
anti-bonding state 43 Dalton, John 49
bonding state 43 danburite 733
covalent ceramics 655 dart 592
covalent radius 43, 655 Davisson, Clinton J. 356
Crick, Francis Harry Compton 779, 794 de Broglie, Louis 8, 51
cristobalite 748 de Broglie relation 8
critical current density 705, 722 de Broglie wavelength 326
critical micelle concentration 768 Debye scattering equation 641
critical radius ratio 662 Debye–Scherrer camera 283
cross product 112
cross-linking 769 absorption 315
crystal field 658 Debye–Waller factor 57, 313, 369, 373, 647
crystal growth 160 decagonal alloys 440
crystal habit, first law of 92 defects 442
crystal radii 658 deflated structures 409
crystal structure 55 deflation 580, 585, 592
definition 55, 63 degenerate energy states 44
crystal structures see compound structures degree of polymerization 768
crystal systems 2, 65 Delaunay network 625
crystalline 761 deltohedron 451, 452
crystalline electric fields 46 Democritos 48
crystallographic basis vectors 112 denaturation 781
crystallographic computations dense random packing of hard spheres
angle between directions 89
angle between planes 120 (DRPHS) 623
bond angle 88 density function 587, 590
bond angle (alternative method) 90 density functional theory 38
bond length 87 density of states 510
length of a vector 87 deoxyribonucleic acid 761
length of reciprocal lattice vector 120 deoxyribose 779
worked examples 124 depth shading 364
crystallographic orbit 219 derivative structure 477
crystallographic point groups 403 descent in symmetry 218, 414
CrystalMaker 462 destructive interference 271
cube 92, 410, 441 deuterium 329
cube crystal form 104 dextro 784
cubic close-packed structure, ccp 446 diagonal glide plane 189
cubic closest packing 45 diamond 44
cubic coordination 656 differential scanning calorimetry
cubic zirconia 738
(DSC) 638
diffraction 22, 258

angle 275
groups 350

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-65151-6 - Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction, and Symmetry
Marc De Graef and Michael E. McHenry
Index
More information

830 Index

diffraction (Cont.) early transition metal 635
order 274 eclipsed structure 663
pattern 268 edge model 611
Einstein, Albert 7
dihedral point groups 205 Einstein summation convention 60, 85, 86
dioctahedral 745, 746 eka-silicon 49
diopside 733 elastic magnetic neutron scattering 326
dip-coating 756 elastic nuclear neutron scattering 326
direct basis vectors 113 elastomers 770
direct product 405 electrical conductivity 11, 510
direct structure matrix 149, 151, 157 electroceramic 674
electromagnetic wave 259
example 152 electron
direction indices 102
direction symbol uvw 79 affinity 35
directional bond 43 charge 338
directions 97 diffraction 324
Dirichlet, Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune 650 discovery of 24, 49
Dirichlet domain 74 energy state 27
Dirichlet tessellation 650 mass 338
disaccharide 383 orbit 26
disclination lines 629 promotion 44
disclinations, 442 687 scattering factor 339
disconnections 687 spin 29
disilicates 739 electron compounds 468
dislocations 687 electron diffraction pattern 345
disorder–order 476 electron gas 469, 510
dispersion corrections 356 electron pairing 695
dispersion relation 260 electron-doped 703
dispirations 687 electron-to-atom ratio 468
dissymmetric objects 216 electronegative 654
distance between atoms 87 electronegativity 35, 467
distance between points 81 difference 40, 43
distance pair correlation function 643 scales 35
DNA 761 electronegativity differences 655
dodecagonal 422 electropositive 654
dodecagonal quasicrystals 580 electrostatic force 41
dodecahedron 93 electrostatic potential energy 26
domain electrostriction 674
elemental structures
Dirichlet 74
ferroelectric 674 -Po 463
ferromagnetic 334 -Mn 493
of an atom 514 -U 493
Voronoi 74 -W 518
domain boundaries 688 -Mn 493
domain of influence 74 -Sn 491
Doppler energy shift 649 Ag 462
double diffraction 346 Al 462
driving force for interatomic bonds 39 Au 462
dry ice 764 C 478
dual method 580 Co 464
dual tiling 433 Cu 462
duality 436 Fe 482
dumbbell substitutions 560 Ge 478
dumbbells 560, 564 Mg 464
dummy index 61 Ni 462
dummy subscript 61 Pb 462
dynamical scattering 340 Pd 462

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-65151-6 - Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction, and Symmetry
Marc De Graef and Michael E. McHenry
Index
More information

831 Index

Pt 462 Ewald sphere 126
Si 478 construction 277
W 463
A10 492 Ewald sphere (in 3-D) 277
A12 493 exohedral 408
A13 493 extended reciprocal lattice points 287
A14 493 extended X-ray absorption fine structure
A15 493
A17 493 (EXAFS) 646
A1 462, 463 external shape 104
A20 493
A2 463 of a crystal 58
A3 464 external surfaces 688
A3’ 490 extinction 303
A4 478 extinction rules 528
A5 491 extraordinary grain growth 706
A6 491 extrinsic Frank stacking fault 449
A7 491
A8 492 face model 611
A9 492 family 100, 104, 130, 153
diamond cubic structure 478 family of directions 101
zinc-blende 478 fayalite 735
elements 49 fcc derivative structure 480
embedded atom method 40 fcc structure 465
emerald 670, 734, 743 Federov, Evgraf Stepanovich 160, 254
emission 51 Federov groups 255
emulsion 756 feldspar 734, 747
enantiomerism 216 feldspathoid 734, 749
enantiomers 784 Fermi energy 510, 511
enantiomorphism 216, 437 ferrimagnetic 333
enantiomorphous 187
endohedral fullerenes 408 superexchange 694
energy bands 450, 451 ferrite 4, 502, 676
energy level 51 ferrocene 428
energy quantum 51 ferroelectric 674
enstatite 733 ferroelectric materials 674
entropy 16 ferromagnetic 333
envelope 782 ferromagnetic material 18
epidote 733, 739 ferromagnetic shape memory alloy 484
equilateral triangle 441 Fibonacci
equivalence class 405
ester 769 lattice 580, 583
ethylene 769 numbers 581, 583
Euclidean space 442 quasilattice 585
Euler, Leonhard, 408, 444 series 584
Euler’s formula 260, Fibonacci, Leonardo Pisano 581
444, 516 field–temperature phase
Euler’s theorem 191, 199 diagram 720
eutectic phase diagram 474 first Brillouin zone 624
eutectic point 475 first transition series 33
eutectic transformation 475 fluorescence detector 647
eutectoid decomposition 533 fluorite 485, 508
Ewald flux creep 722
circle (in 2-D) 277 flux lattice decoration 722
sphere (in 3-D) 258 flux pinning 722
Ewald, Paul Peter 126, 277 flux pinning sites 706
Ewald construction 126 fluxons 720
focal plane 344
form 58, 104
equilibrium 159
forms 100
formula unit 363

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-65151-6 - Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction, and Symmetry
Marc De Graef and Michael E. McHenry
Index
More information

832 Index

forsterite 735 glucose 383
four-index notation 101–104 Goldberg polyhedra 409
golden mean 413, 440, 581, 602
conversion to three-index notation 103 golden ratio 581
Fourier analysis 385 golden rhomb 582
Fourier transform 269, 386, 579, 590 Goldschmidt, Victor Moritz 455, 573
fourth transition series 34 Goldsmith, Julian Royce 455
fracture 93 goniometer
framework silicates 734
Frank, Frederick Charles 512, 541 contact 92, 160
Frank–Kasper phases 404, 431, 460, 469, reflecting 160
two-circle 109
516, 548 Goudsmit, Samuel 29
Frankenheim, Moritz 75, 160 graphene sheet 791, 793
Franklin, Rosalind 779, 795 graphite 46
free electron theory 469, 510 graphite sheet 408
Frenkel defect 688 graphite structure 492
Friauf polyhedron 525, 527 Greninger Chart 289
Friauf–Laves phases 454, 469, 525 ground state 28
Friedel’s law 310, 350 group
Frobenius, Georg 196 Abelian 200
fructose 383 closed set 199
full width at half maximum (FWHM) 621 commutative 200
Fuller, R. Buckminster 407 cyclic 202
fullerene cluster assembled materials 787 generator 202
fullerene grafted side-chain polymer 779 homomorphism 202
fullerene-containing macromolecules 779 isomorphism 201
fullerenes 407 multiplication table 404
fullerenoid oxide 724, 749, 751 proper subgroup 203
fullerides 761, 787, 790 properties 201
fullerites 761, 786, 788 subgroup 203
fundamental reflections 311, 355, 482, 483 subgroup index 203
trivial subgroup 203
Galois, Evariste 227 guanine 780
Galois theory 228 guanosine 780
gamma rays 259 Guglielmini, Domenico 92
garnet 733, 736 gypsum 160
garnet structure 737 gyromagnetic factor 333
gas atomization 630
gas hydrates 766 h–c notation 448, 449
Gaussian function 318 halides see mineral classes
Gehler, Johannes Carl 93 halogens 34
gel 755 hardness 93
gelation 756 Haüy, René-Just 58, 59, 109
gem stones 730 Haüy’s crystal models 59
general positions 219 hcp 45
generating relationship 412 hcp derivative structures 487
generator 222, 404, 605 heat flux 16
heavy water 329
of a group 202 Heeger, Alan J. 778
geodesic 407, 442 height labels 365
geology 93 Heisenberg, Werner 52
Germer, Lester H. 356 Heisenberg uncertainty principle 52
giant cell structures 536 Heitler, Walter 38
Gibbs phase rule 574 hemimorphite 733
glass forming ability 630 hemisubstitutional 526
glass transition temperature, Tg 620, 631 Hermann–Mauguin notation 164, 200, 204,
glide plane 187
404
axial 189
diagonal 189, 240

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-65151-6 - Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction, and Symmetry
Marc De Graef and Michael E. McHenry
Index
More information

833 Index

Hessel, J. F. C. 75, 228 hydrophobic 767
heterogeneity 3 hyperbolic surfaces 442
heterogeneous 13 hyperoctahedral group 609
heterogeneous nucleation 620 hypoeutectic 638
heulandite 750
Heusler alloy 257, 484 I-beam 732, 733
hexa-aluminate 681 I-beam structure 733, 742
hexaferrite 681 ice 761
hexagon 441 ice clathrate 766
hexagonal icosahedral alloys 440
icosahedral glass model 610
Miller–Bravais indices 102 icosahedral short-range order 623
prism 92 icosahedral symmetry 193
hexagonal antiprism 517
hexagonal closest packing 45 generating matrices 413
hexagonal crystal system 101 groups 405
reciprocal lattice 141 operators 405
zone equation 141 icosahedral twinning 611
hexagonal prismatic representation 489 icosahedron 93, 404, 409, 411, 441, 514
hexahedron 93, 104 icosidodecahedron 410, 443, 539
hexakaidecahedra 766 identity matrix 86, 143
high density polyethylene 769 image plane 344
high resolution imaging 347 impermeability tensor 16
high temperature superconductor incoherent scattering 296
(HTSC) 684, 695 incommensurate superlattice 501, 579
higher fullerenes 409 inelastic neutron scattering 326
Hodgkin, Dorothy 796 inelastic scattering event 296
hole doped 703 inert gases 32, 34
homogeneity 3 infinite layer structure 719
homogeneous 13 infinite-layer structure 685
homogeneous coordinates 177 inflation 580, 582, 585, 592
homomorphism 202 inflation–deflation method 580
homopolymers 774 initiation 770
Hooke, Robert 160 inner shells 33
Hoover, Herbert Clark 22 inosilicates 733
human eye 6 insertion devices 354
cones 6 instrumental broadening 622
fovea 6 insulating layer 697, 702, 710, 719
lens 6 integral molecules 59
pupil 6 integrated intensity 318
resolution of 6 interaction potential
rods 6 central 40
Hume-Rothery, William 504 pair 40
Hume-Rothery rules 467, 502, 526, 632, 638 two-body 40
humite 733 interatomic force 40
Hund’s rules 333 interatomic potential 39
Huyghen’s principle 22 interference 274
Huyghens, Christian 22 constructive 271
hybridization 44 destructive 271
energy 451 interference function 628
gap 450 intermediate solid solution phase 468
hybridized sp3 orbital 44 intermetallic compounds 468
hydrogen atom 24 International Center for Diffraction Data 283
hydrogen bonding 760 international notation 164, 204
hydrogen storage 503 example 175
hydrogenation 547 International Tables for Crystallography 63,
hydrogenic atom 26 235
hydrophilic 767 interpenetrating lattice 478, 482

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-65151-6 - Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction, and Symmetry
Marc De Graef and Michael E. McHenry
Index
More information

834 Index

interplanar spacing 120 Kroto Harold 407, 426
interstice 446, 447 kyanite 733, 738

octahedral 658, 661, 666, 667, 671, lamellar micelles 754
675, 680 lanthanide contraction 574
lanthanide series 33
tetrahedral 658, 661, 666, 667, lapis lazuli 751
670, 675 late transition metal 635
lattice 56
interstitial alloys 502
interstitial sites 459 anorthic 66
interstitial solid solutions 467 base centered 72
intrinsic Frank stacking fault 449 body centered 72
intrinsic pinning 723 cubic 67
invariant 63, 166, 405 face centered 72
inverse Fourier transform 386 hexagonal 67
inverse spinel 676 monoclinic 67
inversion 172, 180 orthorhombic 67
inversion boundaries 688 rhombohedral 67
ionic bond 41 tetragonal 69
ionic ceramics 654 triclinic 66
ionic compounds 42 trigonal 67
ionic radius 518, 654, 655 lattice centering vector 176
ionization potential 35 lattice complex 462
Iron Age 1 lattice parameters 64, 66, 81, 362
isolated pentagon rule (IPR) 409 lattice plane 97
isomorphic 413 lattice point 59
isomorphism 201, 217, 414 lattice sums 471
isomorphous groups 201 lattice vector 59
isotactic 773 lattice vibrations 313
isotopic substitution 327 Laue class 216, 310
isotropic 16 Laue pattern 285
isotropy 3 reflection mode 285
itinerant ferromagnetism 513 transmission mode 285
Laves, George Ludwig Friedrich 454
jade 742 Laves phase 468, 525, 548
jadeite 733, 742 Cu 2Mg 527–529
Jahn–Teller effect 409, 658 Mg Ni 2 527, 529–530
Jordan, Camille 196 Mg Zn 2 527, 531–532, 559
Laves tiling 433, 437
Kagome net 488, 528, 532 Lavoisier, Antoine 49
Kagome tiling 433, 521, 557, 568 law of rational indices 427
Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike 695 layers 683
kaolin 734 lazurite 734, 751
kaolinite 746 ledges 706
Kasper polyhedra 514, 516 length unit
Kasper triangulated coordination Ångström 4
nanometer 4
polyhedra 469 Lennard-Jones potential 42, 469, 512, 627,
Kekule, Friedrich August 765 658
Kepler, Johannes 452 lens 93
Kepler tilings 433 Lenz’s law 765
Kikuchi, Seishi 357 Leucippus 48
kinematical scattering 340 leucite 734
kirschteinite, 735 738 levo 784
kite 592 Lima-de-Faria, Jose 757
Klein, Felix Christian 196, 424 limiting sphere 279
Klug, Aaron 783, 785 line compound 475, 485, 525
Kockel diagram 236
Kroger–Vink notation 688
Kronecker delta 86, 112

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-65151-6 - Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction, and Symmetry
Marc De Graef and Michael E. McHenry
Index
More information

835 Index

linear absorption coefficient magnetostrictive properties 547
266, 315 magnons 326
major ligand lines 517, 548
linear combination 13 major skeleton 517, 527
linear diblock copolymer 775 malayite 733
linear polymer 769 malformed 108
linear response theory 11 marching band 56
Linnaeus, Carolus 108 marialite 734
Liquidmetal 640 Martens, Adolf 503
liquidus curves 475 martensite 503
local density functional mass absorption coefficient 266, 646
mass flux 16
theory 474 Massalski, Thaddeus B. 505
London, Fritz 38 materials paradigm 1
London dispersion forces 760 Maxwell, James Clerk 7
long-range order 620 Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution 329
Lonsdale, Kathleen Yardley 765 mean square end-to-end distance 774
Lorentz polarization factor 319 mechanical alloying 630
Lorentzian function 318 mechanical milling 630
low angle X-ray scattering 499 Megaw, Helen D. 690, 762
low-density polyethylene 769 meionite 734
lower critical field 720 Meissner effect 695, 720
lower fullerenes 409 melt spinning 629
Lucas numbers 581, 616 melt-powder-melt-growth (MPMG) 706
luster 93 Mendeleev, Dmitri 49
mers 761, 768
Mössbauer effect 648 mesoporous silicates 753
Mössbauer spectroscopy 648 metal-metalloid amorphous systems 632
Müller, K. Alex 696, 725 metal/amorphous nanocomposite 637
Mackay, Alan L. 543 metallic radii 655
Mackay icosahedron 539, 628 metalloid 502, 633
macromolecular solids 761 metals 37
macromolecule 768 metasilicates 733, 740
macroscopic 4 metric matrix 84
Madelung constant 659, 692 metric tensor 79, 84
Madelung sum 659
magnetic anisotropy 497 explicit expressions 86
magnetic dipole moment 325, transformation of 145
mica 680
333, 676 mica group 734
magnetic domain 334 micaceous 680, 734
magnetic energy product 556 micelles 754, 767
magnetic field 16 microcrystalline model 628
magnetic levitation 706 microcrystalline short-range order 623
magnetic nanowires 753 micrometer 4
magnetic quantum number 27 microphase separation 767, 775
magnetic space groups 335 microscope
magnetite 257, 676 optical 160
magnetization 18 polarizing 160
magnetization vector 18 microscopic 4
magneto-optic Kerr rotations 484 Miller, William Hallowes 109
magneto-optic materials 635 Miller indices 108, 111, 117, 130, 598
magnetocrystalline anisotropy 18, 488, 497, definition 99
examples 99
547, 549 procedure 99
Co 19 Miller–Bravais indices 102
Fe 19 Millikan, Robert 49
energy density 18 millimeter 4
magnetoplumbite structure 681
magnetostriction 549
magnetostriction coefficient 549

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-65151-6 - Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction, and Symmetry
Marc De Graef and Michael E. McHenry
Index
More information

836 Index

mineral 730 multiplicity 101, 221, 239, 251, 315, 478
mineral classes muscovite 734, 745

borates 731 n-D tiles 442
carbonates 731 Nagaoka, Hantaro 50
halides 731 nano-glasses 630
native elements 731 nanocomposite 637
nitrates 731 nanocrystalline alloys 620
oxides 731 nanocrystalline structure 621
phosphates 731 nanocrystallization 354
sulfates 731 nanoscale 4
sulfides 731 nanotesttube 754, 794
sulfosalts 731 native elements see mineral classes
tungstates 731 natrolite 734, 750
vanadates 731 nepheline 734
mineralogical phase rule 574 nephrite 742
minor ligand lines 517 nesosilicates 733
mirror 179 net 56
mirror equality 171
mirror lines 227 centered rectangular 71
mirror-rotation 183 definition 60
mixed product 113 hexagonal 65
mixed state 721 oblique 64
mixed valence compound rectangular 65
699, 702 square 65
moderator 329 net parameters 64
modulated structure 501 network formers 753
Mohs Friedrich, 93 network glass 752
molecular basis 403 network modifiers 753
Molecular Beam Epitaxy 489 network polymer 769
molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) 497 Neumann’s Principle 216
molecular orbital theory 38 neutron
molecular quadrupole discovery of 25
moment 764 neutron diffraction 259, 325, 337, 566, 722
molecular solids 403 neutron flux moderator 329
molecular structure 383 neutron scattering
molecular structures elastic magnetic scattering 326
C 60 405 elastic nuclear scattering 326
K 3C 60 790 inelastic scattering 326
MxC 60 790 isotopic substitution 327
solid C 60 788–789 neutron scattering cross section 330, 337
solid C 70 789 neutrons
monohedral tilings 431 cold 328
monomers 768 fast 328
monticellite 733, 735, 738 intermediate 328
moonstone 748 slow 328
morganite 734 thermal 328
Morse potential 469 ultra-fast 328
Moseley, Henry 49 Newlands, John 49
Moth–Bethe formula 339 Niggli, Paul 454
motif 56 nitrates see mineral classes
Mulliken, Robert S. 35 noble metals 34
Mulliken electronegativity 46 node 59
Mulliken electronegativity scale 35 non-conservative shears 523
multi-beam imaging 347 non-crystallographic point group 580
multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT) 792 non-metals 37
multiple twinning 611 non-symmorphic 241
multiplication table 200 normal conductor 695

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-65151-6 - Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction, and Symmetry
Marc De Graef and Michael E. McHenry
Index
More information

837 Index

normal coordinates 177 Patterson symmetry 249
normal spinel 675, 676 Pauli exclusion principle 29, 39, 41
normal valency compound 468 Pauling, Linus Carl 38, 46, 691
normalized permutation symbol 134 Pauling’s rules 485, 655, 660, 692,
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 415
nucleation 620 753
nucleation and growth 632 Pearson, W. B. 505
nucleation sites 706 Pearson symbol 460–462
nucleocapsid 783 Peierl’s theorem 777
nucleoside 780 Penrose Roger 614
nucleotide 779, 780 Penrose rhombs 440, 456, 592
number average molecular weight 768 Penrose tile 430, 580, 591, 592
number of lattice points 464 pentagon 404
Néel temperature 335 pentagonal antiprism 517
pentagonal dodecahedron 408, 409, 411,
object plane 344
objective lens 342 441, 538, 766
oblate rhombohedron 602 pentagonal groups 405
octagonal prism 420 pentagram 582
octagonal quasicrystals 580 percentage ionic character 46
octahedral coordination 656 perfect conductivity 695
octahedral interstice 447 peridot 736
octahedral interstitial site 447 periodic approximants 584
octahedral sheets 682 periodic table of the elements 32, 49
octahedron 92, 104, 410, 441, 447 periodic tiling 430
octahedron crystal form 104 peritectic phase diagram 474
oligoclase 748 peritectic point 475
oligomer 768 peritectic reaction 706
olivine series 733, 735 peritectic transformation 475
optical activity 160 permanent dipole moment 673
optical gyration constant 16 permanent material response 11
optical opacity 44 permissible radius ratio 692
orbit 26, 219 permutation symbol 134
orbital 29 Perovski, Count Lev Aleksevich 671
order 405 perovskite 671, 685, 696
ordered solid solution 476
ordered structure 477 B-setting 672
organic 760 structure 673
organic chemistry 760 perpendicular recording
organo-metallic compounds 755 media 498
orientation variant 494 perspective projection 364
orientations 495 phase 271
orthogonal projection 364 phase diagram 3, 474
orthosilicates 733, 734 phase difference 272
oxidation number 37 phase transformation 144
oxides see mineral classes phonon density of states 314
phonons 326
packing fraction 465 623 phosphates see mineral classes
pair correlation function, g r phosphodiester bonds 780
pair potential 40 photoelectric effect 7, 645
parawollastonite 741 photoelectron 645
particle–wave duality 51 photon 259
partitionless freezing 631 phyllosilicate 734, 745, 746
passive operator 170 pi-meson 325
path difference 274 piston and anvil 620
pattern 55 pitch 185
Patterson function 387 planar flow casting 629
Planck, Max 51
Planck’s constant 51, 511
plane group 232, 430

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-65151-6 - Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction, and Symmetry
Marc De Graef and Michael E. McHenry
Index
More information

838 Index

plane tiling principal quantum number 26
definition 431 prism 93
prismatic 663
plane wave 261 projection method 580
plasma torch synthesis 630 prolate rhombohedron 603
plate 93 propagation 770
Plato 2 proper motions 172
Platonic solids 2, 408–410, 414, 441, 442 properties of groups 201
point charge 92 proteins 761
point group 203, 230, 403 proton 325

dihedral 205 discovery of 25, 50
Hermann–Mauguin notation 200 prototiles 431
international notation 200 pseudo-binary phase diagram
non-crystallographic 403–424
notation 204 706, 735
polar 216 pseudo-translations 440
Schönflies notation 200 pseudo-Voigt peak shape 373
two-dimensional 226 pulsed laser deposition (PLD) 497
point symmetry 192 purines 780
polar point groups 216 pyramid 93
polarization 45 pyrimidines 780
polarization factor 296 pyrophyllite 734
polyacetylene 777 pyrosilicates 733, 739
polyacrylamide 770 pyroxene mineral 742
polybutadiene 772 pyroxenoid group 740
polychloroprene 772 Pythagoras’s theorem 81
polyester 770
polyethylene 768, 770 quantum chemistry 38
polygonal reciprocal lattices 598 quantum mechanics 51
polyhedral representation 366 quantum numbers 26
polyisoprene 772 quantum of energy 51
polymerization 770 quantum theory 26, 51
polymers 761, 768 quantum well structures 497
polymethyl methacrylate 772 quartz 4, 198, 403, 734
polynucleotide 779, 780 quartz compensator 160
polypropylene 771 quasi-lattices 440
polysaccharides 761 quasi-periodic 404, 440
polystyrene 770, 771 quasi-periodic Fibonacci lattice 584
polytope 430 quasi-periodic functions 580
regular 442 quasi-periodic structure 579
polytypes 445, 448, 449 quasi-periodic tiling 430
polyvinyl acetate 771 quasi-periodicity 501, 579
polyvinyl chloride 771 quasi-regular solids 443
polyvinylidene chloride 771 quasicrystal 404, 579
potential energy 26
potential range 473 decagonal 598
Powder Diffraction Files 283 dodecagonal 580, 598
powder diffraction pattern 19, 367, 370, octagonal 580, 598
375, 379 polygonal 598
Poynting flux 351 quasicrystal alloys
Poynting vector 351 Al -Mn -Si 609
precipitation 756 Ti 56Ni 23Fe 5Si 16 606
Priestley, Joseph 49 Ti -Ni -Si 609
primary crystallization temperature, Tx1 620 U -Pd -Si 609
primary layers 517 Al -Zn -Mg 609
primary nanocrystallization 638 quasicrystalline alloys 440
primitive basis vectors 624 quasicrystallography 430
primitive unit cell 69, 624 quasilattice constant 607
quasilattices 543, 600

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-65151-6 - Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction, and Symmetry
Marc De Graef and Michael E. McHenry
Index
More information

839 Index

QuasiTiler 441 remnant magnetization 547, 548
quaternary system 639, 735 residuals 374
resistivity tensor 16
radial distribution function 623, 624 resonance 44
radical initiator 770 rhombic dodecahedron 59, 624
radius rhombic triacontahedron 538, 582, 607, 612
rhombicosidodecahedron 444, 540
covalent 467 rhombicuboctahedron 444
ionic 467 rhombitruncated cuboctahedron 444
metallic 467 rhombitruncated icosidodecahedron 444
van der Waals 467 rhombohedron 92
radius of gyration 774 ribonucleic acid 761
Ramsdell notation 448 Rietveld method 375
random copolymer 775 RNA 761
random distribution 676 rocksalt blocks 697
random walk 773 rocksalt structure 480
rare earth – transition metal system 547 Romé de l’Isle, Jean Baptiste Louis 92
RT2 548 root-mean-square end-to-end distance 774
RT3 548, 555, 556 rotation 172
RT5 548, 550, 556, 565
RT12 548, 564, 565 angle 174
R2T17 548, 556, 560 axis 174
R3T29 548, 567 example 175
R6T23 548, 550, 551 matrix 166
Rm−nT5m+2n 560 order 174
amorphous 632, 635 roto-inversion 182
rare earth elements 33 rubbers 770
rare-earth-like metals 34 ruby 670
Raveau, Bernard 724 Ruddelson–Popper phases 683, 708
reciprocal basis vectors 113, 260 rule of rational indices 173
in terms of direct basis vectors 143 Rutherford, Ernest 50
simple procedure 143 rutile 363, 680
reciprocal lattice 116, 270, 436 Röntgen, Wilhelm Konrad 321
reciprocal lattice parameters 118
reciprocal lattice vector 276 sandwich structure 497
reciprocal metric tensor 118 sanmartinite 685
definition 118 sapphire 670
reciprocal permutation symbol 134 satellite reflections 497
reciprocal space 111 saturated 675
reciprocal structure matrix 149, 152, 158 saturation magnetization 548
example 153 scalar product 82
reduced glass forming temperature, Trg 630, scalenohedron 93
631, 632 scanning tunneling microscopy 707
reduced intensity function 628, 644 scapolites 734, 747
reduced Lennard-Jones potential 470 scattering cross section 331
reduced Morse potential 470 Scherrer broadening 620
reference frame Scherrer’s formula 318, 622
Cartesian 149 Schläfli symbol 431, 433
standard Cartesian frame 150 Schottky defect 688
reflection 172, 179, 273 Schrödinger, Erwin 52
reflection condition 310 Schrödinger equation 26, 38, 52
refraction 273 Schönflies, Arthur Moritz 194, 254
regular continued fractions 581 Schönflies notation 200, 404
regular polygons 431 screw axis 185
regular polytopes 442
regular tilings 431, 463 handedness 186
derivation 431 pitch 185
regular vertex 436 screw dislocation 706, 707
second transition series 33

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-65151-6 - Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction, and Symmetry
Marc De Graef and Michael E. McHenry
Index
More information

840 Index

secondary crystallization 620 space lattice 59, 79
section method 580 definition 60
Seitz, Frederick 76
Seitz symbol 179, 216 spacing layer 697, 702, 710
spallation 328
for rotations 179 spallation source 328
for translations 179 special points 220
self-assembly 478, 479, 754, 761, 767, 775, specific weight 93
783, 784 spectral lines 28
self-similarity 592 spectroscopy 49
semiconducting materials 450 sphalerite 484, 668
semicrystalline 761 spherical coordinate system 25
separating layer 697, 702, spherical micelles 754
710, 712 spherical space, S2 442
serpentine 734 spherical surfaces 442
set 60 spin quantum number 29
closed 199 spin-coating 756
shape 93 spinel
Shechtman, Dani 614
Shechtmanite 579 inverse spinel 676
sheets 683 normal spinel 676
shell 29 random spinel 676
Shockley stacking fault 449 spinel-type magnetic oxide
Shoemaker, Clara Brink 574
Shoemaker, David P. 574, 575 257, 676
short wave length limit 263 structure 676
short-range order 620 spiral growth 706
Shull, Clifford Glenwood 326, 358 splat cooling 620
silicate glasses 752 splat quenching 629
sillimanite 733, 738 spray pyrolysis 756
siloxane 755 square 441
simple closed surface 444 stacking fault 449, 687
simple cubic structure, sc 463 stacking sequence 446
simple sugars 761 A ACB BAC CB 529, 576
single crystal monochromator 646 AB BAC C 530
single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) 792 ABAB 446, 661
site symmetry 219, 233, 251 ABAC 487
Slater, John C. 38 ABC 448
small angle neutron scattering, SANS 327 ABC notation 448
Smalley, Richard Errett 408, 425 ABCABC 446, 661
Snell’s law 273 ACAB 490
snub cube 444 A+B+C+ 528
snub dodecahedron 444 A+B− 530
sodalite 734, 749 A+B−A−C+ 532
sodalite cage 734, 750 A+B−A−C+ 545
sodalite group 734, 747 BBCC 487
sol 754, 755 BC 488, 508
sol-gel synthesis 754 XYXY 527
solid C O 2 761 XYXZXYXZ 527
solid benzene 761 XYZXYZ 527
solid solution 497 Aa 557
sorosilicates 733, 739 B C 508
sp2 bonding 764
sp3 bonding 764 ABC CBA ACB BCA 532
space filling representation 366 BbB 524
space group 231, 362 -phase 535
symbol 249, 462 h-c notation 448
space groups 403, 430 Ramsdell notation 448
Zhdanov notation 448
staggered 663
staggered structure 663

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-65151-6 - Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction, and Symmetry
Marc De Graef and Michael E. McHenry
Index
More information

841 Index

standard Cartesian frame 150 Ba 1−xK xBi O 3 699
Stanford positron accelerating ring Ba Pb 1−xBi xO 3 696, 697
Bi -2223 696
(SPEAR) 353
star extension 582 Cu O 2 plane 705
statistical mechanics 773 Hg Ba 2Ca 2Cu 3O 8+x 696, 716
stellation 582 Hg Ba 2Ca Cu 2O 6+x 716
Steno, Nicolaus 91 La 1−xBa xCu O 4 696
Stensen, Niels, see Steno La 1−xSr xCu O 4 696
step-reaction (condensation) La 2−xSr xCu O 4 697, 702
La 2Cu O 4 702
polymerization 770 Nb 3Ge 696
step-reaction polymerization 772 Nb 3Sn 696
stereo-chemistry 773 Nd 2Cu O 4 703
stereographic projection 108, 130, 160 Ru Sr 2Gd Cu 2O 8 719
Tl 2Ba 2Ca 2Cu 3O 10+x 696, 712
conversion to cartesian coordinates 157 Tl 2Ba 2Ca 3Cu 4O 12+x 712
net 160 Tl 2Ba 2Ca Cu 2O 8+x 712
stilbite 734 Tl 2Ba 2Cu O 6+x 712
stoichiometry 586 Tl -2223 696
strain 16
stress 16 Tl Ba 2Ca 2Cu 3O 9 715
structural groups 732 Tl Ba 2Ca 3Cu 4O 11 715
structure factor 303, 483 Tl Ba 2Ca Cu 2O 7 715, 716
Zn S 668 Tl Ba 2Cu O 5 715
CsCl 311 Y Ba 2Cu 3O 7−x 696, 697, 704–706
A15 520 Cu O 2 plane 702
body centering 305 0201 T’ phase 704
example 311
face centering 306 0201 T* phase 704
glide plane 309
inversion symmetry 307 1201 phase 715, 716
primitive structure 304
screw axis 308 1212 phase 715, 716
single face centering 305
structure prototype 462 1212C phase 705
structures see compound structures
StrukturBericht symbol 460, 462 1223 phase 715, 716
styrene 769
subgroup 203 123 phase 697, 704
index 203
sublattice 475, 494 1234 phase 715
subshell 29
subsilicates 733, 734, 738 214 phase 697, 702
substitutional solid solution 467
sulfates see mineral classes 2201 phase 709, 712, 713
sulfides see mineral classes
sulfosalts see mineral classes 2212 phase 709, 712, 713
sunstone 748
superconducting transition temperature, 2223 phase 709, 712, 713
Tc 778, 787
superconductivity 513, 695 2224 phase 709
superconductor 521
(Ba ,Sr)Cu O 2 719 2234 phase 712
(Bi ,Pb)2Sr 2Ca 2Cu 3O 10+x 696
(La ,Ba)2Cu O 4 684 ACBCCO 717–718
(La ,Sr)2Cu O 4 684
Ag 1−xCu xBa 2Ca n−1Cu n O 2n+3−x 718 BPBO 696, 697
Ag 1−xCu xBa 2Ca n−1Cu nO 2n+3−x 696
Ag Ba 2Ca 3Cu 4O 10 718 BSCCO 696, 708–711

HBCCO 696, 716–717

infinite-layer 719

LBCO 696, 702

LSCO 696, 702

nomenclature 697

rutheno-cuprate 718–719

TBCCO 696

TBCCO (double layer) 711–712

TBCCO (single layer)

713–716

Type I 720

Type II 720

YBCO 696

supercooling 512

superexchange 676

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-65151-6 - Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction, and Symmetry
Marc De Graef and Michael E. McHenry
Index
More information

842 Index

supergroup 203 thermodynamics 15
superlattice 475, 476 thermoelectric properties 766
thermoplastic polymers 770
commensurate 579 thermosetting polymers 770
incommensurate 579 thin film deposition 630
superlattice reflections 311, 355, 482 third transition series 34
superlattice structures 460 Thomson, George Paget 357
n × 1 497, 499 Thomson, Joseph John 49
superspace groups 255 Thomson equation 295, 316
superstructure 476 three-index notation
surface coordination number 515
surfactant 767 conversion to four-index notation 103
symmetric group 427 thymidine 780
S3 427 thymine 780
S4 427 tile
symmetric variants 171
symmetry 3, 15 definition 431
symmetry operation 163 tiling
symmetry operator
decomposition 182 2-uniform 435
symmorphic 241 k-uniform 435
synchrotron radiation 351 2-D periodic 430
syndiotactic 773 3-D Penrose 580
synthetic modulated structure 497 Archimedean 433
systematic absences 305 colored 438
systematic extinctions 305 dual 433
edge to edge 431
talc 734 monohedral 431
Taylor expansion 10 regular 431
tectosilicates 734, 747 uniform 433
temperature 57 titanite 733
temperature difference 16 tobacco mosaic virus 784
tensor 13 topaz 738
topological close packing (TCP) 513, 514
second rank 146 topologically close-packed phases 469
Terfenol-D 549 tourmalines 743
termination 770 trace 174, 429
tessellated 517 of a matrix 405
tessellation 431 transformation
tetragonal distortion 478 direct to reciprocal space 142
tetrahederstern 427, 513, 521, 535 of coordinates 144
tetrahedral coordination 656 reciprocal to direct space 142
tetrahedral interstice 447, 511 transition metal system
tetrahedral interstitial site 447 amorphous 632
tetrahedral oxides 749 transition metal/metalloid system
tetrahedron 441, 447 T23M6 633
tetrakaidecahedra 766 translation 172, 176
tetrathiafulvalene 778 translation variant 494
texture 370 translation vector 59, 79, 624
texture analysis 371 translational symmetry 63
Theorem of Lagrange 203 transmission electron microscope 342
theoretical density 464, 466 transparency 93
theory of electromagnetism 7 transuranic elements 34
theory of quasi-equivalence 783 tremolite 733, 744
thermal conductivity 44 triangulated coordination polyhedron 514
thermal emission 262 triangulation number 452, 783, 784
thermal motion 57 trigonal dipyramidal coordination 692
thermal vibration 57 trigonal prism 663
thermodynamic critical field, Hc 720 trigonal prismatic 662
trioctahedral 745, 746

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-65151-6 - Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction, and Symmetry
Marc De Graef and Michael E. McHenry
Index
More information

843 Index

truncated cube 410, 443 transformation direct to reciprocal 143
truncated dodecahedron 410, 443 transformation reciprocal to
truncated icosahedron 410, 411, 443, 538
truncated octahedron 107, 410, 443, 625, direct 143
Vegard’s law 368, 467, 568
766 velocity of light 259
truncated pentagonal prism 415 vertex
truncated tetrahedron 443, 530
truncation 443 model 611
trydimite 748 regular 436
TTT diagram 632 truncation 443
tungstates see mineral classes valence 436
tungsten bronze 685 vibration amplitude 57
twinned cuboctahedron 512, 514 vibration ellipsoid 314
twins 92 virion 783
two-dimensional point groups 226 virus 782
Type I clathrate 766 complex symmetry 783
Type I superconductor 720 helical 784–786
Type II clathrate 766 icosahedral 783–784
Type II superconductor 720 volume exclusion 626
volume of unit cell 113
Uhlenbeck, George Eugene 29 Von Groth, Paul Heinrich Ritter 160
ultra-high molecular weight Von Karman, Theodore 126
von Laue, Max Theodor Felix 321
polyethylene 769 Voronoi, George Feodosevich 649
ultra-violet rays 259 Voronoi construction 625
ultramarine 751 Voronoi domain 74
uncertainty principle 52 Voronoi polyhedron 514, 625
undercooling 620, 627 vortex glass 722
undulators 354 vortex liquid 722
uniform coloring of regular tilings 438 vortex melting line 723
uniform tilings 433
unit cell Watson, James Dewey 779, 794
wave
non-primitive 70
primitive 69 function 26
volume 113 phase of 271
Wigner–Seitz 74 wave function 26, 52
unit cells 2 wave length 5, 259
universal behavior 472 electron 8
universal binding curve 473 neutron 8
universal binding potential 660 wave vector 259, 276
upper critical field 720 wave–particle duality 7
weight average molecular weight 769
vacancies 687 Weiss, Christian Samuel 93
valence 37, 432, 435 Weiss indices 109
Werner, Abraham Gottlob 93
of a tile 431 wet gel 754, 756
valence bond theory 38 wide band gap 451
van der Waals wide band gap semiconductor 445
Wiener, Christan 196
force 45, 760 wigglers 354
radius 467 Wigner, Eugene Paul 76
Van Leeuwenhoek, Anton 160 Wigner–Seitz cell 74, 437, 514
vanadates see mineral classes Wigner–Seitz primitive cell 624
vector Wigner–Seitz radius 472
attributes 79 Wilkins, Maurice Hugh Frederick
cross product 134 779, 795
Wollaston, William Hyde 160, 741
examples 138 wollastonite 740
general definition 135
dot product 83, 85
scalar product 83, 85

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-65151-6 - Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction, and Symmetry
Marc De Graef and Michael E. McHenry
Index
More information

844 Index

Wulff, Yuri Victorovich X-ray photoelectric effect 646
(George) 159 X-ray scattering 294
xerogel 754, 756
Wulff net 131 xerogel film 754
Wulff plot 159
wurtzite 487 Zachariessen’s rules 753
Wyckoff letter 251 zeolite 734, 749, 750
Wyckoff position 221, 310 zeolite family 747
Wyckoff symbol 251 Zhdanov notation 448, 449
zigzag carbon nanotube 794
X-ray absorption 645 zinc-blende 484, 668
edge 356 zincite 487
Zintl line 34, 37
X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) 645 zircon 733, 738
X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy zone 133, 139
zone axis 133, 139
(XANES) 646
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) 645 zone equation 140
X-ray filters 267
X-ray fluorescence 645, 646

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org