PERFORMANCE OF PHYTOREMEDIATION BY USING AZOLLA PINNATA AND PISTIA STRATIOTES TO TREAT DYE METHELYNE BLUE WASTEWATER KU NUR NAJWA BINTI KU AZMAN DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PUAN ERNIE BINTI ZULKIFLI PROJECT SUPERVISOR Synthetic dyes are man-made dyes that are created using various chemical processes. They are widely used for coloring textiles, plastics, paper, and other materials. However, some synthetic dyes have been found to have negative impacts and one of the dye commonly used are Methelyne Blue (MB). The treatment of synthetic dye wastewater is a complex process that involves several steps such as physical, chemical, and biological treatment. Alternatively, natural wastewater treatment are one of the most suitable technologies in treating dyes. Pytoremediation is one natural treatment process that can clean up environmental pollutants. This project aim to remove dye wastewater Methylene blue (MB) by using water plant "Azolla Pinnata" and Pistia Stratiotes as an adsorbent for the dye content to reduce MB concentration.This project used hydroponic system for phytoremediation process where MB were filter through the root mass to remove the color for 12 days. The improvements are made in this project are aimed to achieve a higher reduction in MB concentration value.The result from this study shows Azolla Pinnata can remove 93.9% of MB,Pistia Stratiotes 97.8% of MB and Azolla Pinnata with Pistia Stratiotes 95.1% of MB through the plants root. The plants also shows their tolarance to MB due to increment day by day to the root growth and plant leaves. SYNOPSIS AIN NURNAJWA BINTI ANIS AYMAN ZAHARAN BIN MOHD AMRAN 51
PRODUCTION OF AN OIL TRAP USING DRY LOOFAH SPONGE, COCONUT COIR AND ACTIVATED CARBON AS AN OIL FILTER NUR FADILAH BINTI KAMARUDDIN DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ENCIK MOHD RIZAL BIN ABD RAHIM PROJECT SUPERVISOR Oil pollution is a serious problem that causes severe damage to the environment. The absorption process using one of the absorbents is considered one of the most important and successful methods to remove oil from water. Sponges and coconut coir have been designed to separate oil from water, both natural sources can be renewable. Several sponges have been prepared using a simple, inexpensive and scalable immersion method. The sponge shows the absorption capacity with cooking oil after a soaking time of 1 minute. The absorption of the oil remaining in the water after the separation process shows that 74.56% of the oil has been removed by the loofah sponge. Meanwhile 75.07% is the amount of oil absorbed through the coconut coir by running the efficiency test. For activated carbon, it is used as a sorbent to clean water from oil. Natural ingredients are also cheap, easy to find in the market and environmentally friendly. SYNOPSIS NUR BAIZURA BINTI OTMAN IZZATUL MURSYIDA BINTI AZIS 52
PRODUCTION OF FUEL FROM PLASTIC WASTE BY USING PYROLYSIS PROCESS AINA NAJIHAH BINTI ABDUL MALEK DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PUAN NOOR FARAHIN BINTI BAIN PROJECT SUPERVISOR Plastic waste-related pollution is now a global problem more than it ever has been, which has led to problems like plastic pollution and non-sustainable plastic production from plastic consumption. An increasing amount of plastic ends up in landfills, which in turn end up in the environment, where it harms ecosystems. There is a need for research into converting plastic waste into fuel and recycling plastic waste as an alternate method of handling it, such as through the pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is one of the technologies available to convert liquid products that can be filtered into drop-in hydrocarbon fuels. Pyrolysis is the heating of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Pyrolysis is usually carried out at or above 500 °C, providing sufficient heat to deconstruct the aforementioned strong polymers. Plastic waste from pyrolysis is one type of recycling process that converts plastic into fuel. Waste plastic from pyrolysis is useful not only for cutting down on plastic waste but also for producing fuel with a high energy value. In this study, three types of plastic have been chosen to be used as materials for the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) process, which is used in various food products, especially in beverage bottles such as mineral water and soft drink bottles. Next, we use low-density polyethylene (LDPE) because it has greater branching and less intermolecular forces, resulting in lower tensile strength and hardness. However, the last plastic used is a saturated polymer with linear hydrocarbon chains and strong resistance to heat and chemicals, polypropylene (PP), to be pyrolyzed to produce 950 ml of fuel oil such as polyolefin, polyethylene, and polypropylene. Then the characteristics of fuel are compared with those of gasoline and diesel through analysis. SYNOPSIS NUR SAKINAH HAYANI BINTI MUHAMMAD MUZAMMIL ABDULLAH JOHAN WASIM IKRAM BIN SALIM 53
RECYCLE OF WASTE AS A MEDIUM OF PLANT FROM SUGARCANE BAGASSE AND WASTE OF EGGSHELL NOR ALIYA MAISARAH BINTI MUHAMMAD HAMDAN DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PUAN NORFAZLIANA BINTI JEMALI PROJECT SUPERVISOR Recycling an organic waste into the commercial product presents a multifaceted array of advantanges.Sugarcane bagasse and waste of eggshells is the example of organic waste that contains organic matter that improve the soil structures and nutrient content also even can help in better staple growth.A poor solid waste management has detrimental effects on public health which can lead to the proliferation of disease vectors and environmental pollution such as soil pollution and water pollution.By recycling waste from landfills, it can reduce the need for raw resources to improve environmental sustainability and waste reduction. By using this waste as a plant medium in an environmentally friendly soil mixture, it also helps to achieve sustainable development goals and protect the environment from pollution.The process included the mixing of sugarcane bagasse and eggshells with three different ratios and is planted with studied plant to monitoring the composted soil on the plant based on the test that are used.To ascertain the ratio of plants that are more effective in producing more fertile trees, tests such as NPK tests, pH tests, moisture content, and physical observations are performed.In conclusion,the results of the present project may have potential to improved the environmental sustainability which can meets the purpose of this project which is to 'Go Green'. SYNOPSIS NURIN ANIS FARZANA BINTI MOHAMAD KHAIRI NURULAIN FATINI BINTI YUSNI 54
THE STUDY OF RECYCLED PAPER AS WALL PANEL NUR DINI SYAWALYA BINTI MOHD SYAHIDAN DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ENCIK MOHD RIZAL BIN ABD RAHIM PROJECT SUPERVISOR This wall panel is made from a combination of recycled newspaper and PVA wood glue. The objective of this project is to identify the strength and hardness of the material to analyse the applicability of the material to a suitable place. The extraction of raw materials from the soil is required for the fabrication of wall panels. Thus, it can lead to environmental impact. With the advent of this environmental problem, the opportunity has been taken to try to reduce solid waste such as paper by creating environmentally friendly materials as an additive to materials used in the construction industry. In addition, this project is also to identify the absorbability of water into the material. This research is also critical in determining whether or not this wall panel is suitable for usage in damp areas such as kitchens and bathrooms. Last but not least, development of wall panels from recycled newspapers based on test results on material samples. Old newspapers were collected from old newspaper collection stores at Rawang, Selangor. Meanwhile, PVA wood glue was a binding material that was purchased from hardware stores. These two materials which are paper (recycled newspaper) and PVA wood glue have been mixed according to the optimal ratio based on the tests that have been done on the sample. Thus, the characteristic of newspaper by shredding it into small particles can help to hold the material with PVA glue together to avoid weak and crumbly final product. There are 3 samples with different ratios that have been made for comparison to find the optimal ratio as the best ratio. From this study, the equal ratio of recycled paper and glue, the more load can be held and the more thickness of the sample. The longer it is pressed the higher the resistance to deformation or denting. SYNOPSIS NUR HUDA ADILAH BINTI IBRAHIM 55
RAINWATER HARVESTING (RWH) A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION TO WATER SUPPLY IN PSIS MOHAMMAD NUR IZHAM BIN MOHD ISA DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PUAN MAHANON BINTI MUHAMMAD PROJECT SUPERVISOR The purpose of rainwater harvesting (rwh) a sustainable solution to water supply in psis is because the existing system was in the poor condition and not easy to maintainace and being used as alternative water supply. This focusing in identify and remodeling the new method of water catchment and avoiding any waste of second water supply. The main objective of this project is overcome the issues of unfiltered rainwater before used. The purpose of this project to store the rainwater as new alternative water supply and used the water for agricultural. The project more likely focusing on water quality using natural substance to filter the rainwater , identifying rainwater characteristic. The method focusing for the structure of rwh, substance of filter and water quality and the efficiency of the system. In this end of this project, we can conclude that rwh can be the backup plan of water supply system for emergency used or other purpose SYNOPSIS MUHAMMAD ZULFATHI NUKMAN BIN MD AHIRUN MUHAMMAD ZAINUL ARIF BIN MAHAT 56
REMOVAL OF PULLUTANTS FROM LANDFILL LEACHATE USING WATER HYACINTH, MARSH PENNYWORT, AND WATER SPINACH. AIN NUR BALQISH BINTI MOHD FAUZI DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PUAN MIMI MALISA BINTI DOLHAN PROJECT SUPERVISOR The research “Removal of pollutants from landfill leachate using water hyacinth, marsh pennywort and water spinach” shows how aquatic plants can reduce pollutants especially heavy metal. Heavy metals provide a serious hazard to both the environment and human health in the form of landfill leachate, a highly toxic liquid created by the breakdown of waste materials. Before these harmful contaminants are released into the environment, effective treatment techniques are necessary to reduce their presence. In this study, the ability to remove heavy metals from landfill leachate using three aquatic plant species water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), marsh pennywort (Hydrocotyle umbellata), and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) is examined. The result of this research is not as expected because of some error in the experiment. SYNOPSIS NUR DIAN AFFIQA BINTI NOR AZMI NURHANNAH ARINA BINTI AZMAN SHAH 57
STUDY THE CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY METALS IN ANADARA GRANOSA AT BAGAN NAKHODA OMAR (BNO), SUNGAI HAJI DORANI AND SUNGAI NIBONG, SELANGOR HILYA IMANI BINTI SAFARUDIN DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PUAN SITI HAJARIAH ILANI BINTI MAT LAZIM PUAN AZZAH SYAHMINA BINTI AZMAN PROJECT SUPERVISOR The purpose of this study was to provide information on the concentration of heavy metals in blood cockles (Anadara Granosa) and also sediments in Bagan Nakhoda Omar (BNO), Sungai Haji Dorani, Sungai Nibong Selangor, Malaysia. Cockles in this area have been used by local residents as part of their food and also for sale in markets. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the concentration of heavy metals in blood coces as well as sediments. Sampling activities were carried out in Bagan Nakhoda Omar (BNO), Sungai Haji Dorani and Sungai Nibong in September 2023. The concentrations of Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) in the samples were analyzed using the Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass method Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentration found for Cu, Pb and Zn in Bagan Nahkoda Omar (BNO) for blood cockles is 5.828, 1.442, 22.597 ppb, respectively while the sediment is 3.885, 15.637, 1.851 ppb, respectively. Sungai Haji Dorani data for blood cockles is 7.824, 1.969, 26.904 ppb, respectively while for sediment 5.984, 27.093, 4.96 ppb respectively. In Sungai Nibong for cockles is 9.049, 2.542, 68.938 ppb respectively while for sediment 1.7, 25.364, 4.884 ppb, respectively. From a health point of view for the general public, all the the concentration of heavy metals of blood cockles at Bagan Nakhoda Omar, Sungai Haji Dorani and Sungai Nibong is lower than the permitted level determined by the Malaysian Food Act (1983) and Regulation (1985). Therefore, clams from Bagan Nakhoda Omar (BNO), Sungai Haji Dorani and Sungai Nibong are safe to eat. SYNOPSIS IRDINA AFIQAH BINTI SAMSHURI PENGLIMA BAYU BIN WAN ABDULLAH 58
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FRUIT SEEDS AS A BIOCOAGULANT IN RAW WATER LOSHINY A/P A.GANESAN DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PUAN SHAWALRINA BINTI ZAINAL ABIDIN PROJECT SUPERVISOR A bio-coagulant is a type of coagulant that is of biological or natural origin like from plants or even from fruit seeds. Papaya seed, tamarind seed and date seed are examples of materials that can be utilized as bio-coagulants by extracting into powder or solution form to remove turbidity in water. The usage of aluminuim sulfate or aluminium chloride known as alum is expensive and might be dangerous and corrosive can have a huge impact that affects the environment. Using fruit seeds as a bio-coagulant is environmentally friendly and contributes to the sustainability of the water treatment process. The process of producing the bio-coagulant includes drying the seeds in an oven, crushing them into powder, sieving them into finer powder particles and dissolving them into natrium chloride solution to form a bio-coagulant solution. To find the effectiveness of this papaya, tamarind and date seed bio-coagulant, main tests like turbidity, pH and other side tests like color, odor and salinity are performed after jar test which also helps to achieve a specific raw water quality goal. In conclusion, by using papaya seed, tamarind seed and date seed as a bio-coagulant, it is anticipated that the water quality will improve and the turbidity levels in the raw water sample can be reduced. SYNOPSIS NATASHA BATRISYIA BINTI MOHD NORDIN NURAKQILAH NADHIRAH BINTI ZULKIFLI 59
THE PORTABLE BIOFILTER KIT NURUL LIYANA BINTI SHAHRUL NAZRIL DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PUAN SHAWALRINA BINTI ZAINAL ABIDIN PROJECT SUPERVISOR Water contamination is an important issue in the worldwide environment. It has been hypothesised that it is the primary global cause of illness and mortality, taking the lives of almost 14,000 people per day. The goal of this project is to create a portable biofilter model using materials that are both easy for users to use and ecologically beneficial. Eco-friendly materials will be utilised for each layer. Since the purpose of this study is to determine how efficient the materials used to filter the sample water were, data analysis is crucial.This project aims to create a model of a Portable Biofilter Kit using silica sand, gravel, and activated carbon layer, and then assess how well the model performs while evaluating water’s physical and chemical properties.It is anticipated that this study will demonstrate the material’s efficacy in the water filtering procedure and demonstrate the model’s viability and applicability to those in need. SYNOPSIS SITI NURHUMAIRAH BINTI AZIB 60
UTILIZATION OF MIX ORGANIC WASTE FROM COCONUT COIR, BANANA PEEL AND TEA RESIDUE AS FERTILIZER NUR SALWARINA HUDA BINTI ANUAR DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PUAN SYARIFAH ANIS AQILA BINTI SYED NASIR PROJECT SUPERVISOR The environmental impact of chemical fertilizers consists of greenhouse gas emissions during production and pollution due to environmental runoff during use, and these impacts need to be reduced. Organic waste composting refers to the degradation or decomposition of organic matter in solid waste by microorganisms into nutrient-rich humus. Furthermore, chemical fertilizers can have negative effects on the soil but organic fertilizers can improve the organic matter in the soil. In this project, the material for the organic compost is produced by using banana peel, coconut coir and tea residue. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of mixing organic waste (coconut coir, banana peels and tea leave residual) as organic fertilizer for Devil’s Ivy plant growth. This study specifically aims to understand the implications of varying proportions of organic waste such as banana peel, tea powder, and coconut coir towards the growth of Devil’s Ivy. Data on the height of the trunk, leaf width, and number of leaves are measured. Data is taken once a week by measuring using thread. By examining these differences in proportions, the study seeks to identify the best combination of waste organic that enhances plant growth. Based on the result obtained, the presence of potassium compared to another additive in the soil we assume that Devil’s Ivy plant more grow with potassium as additive in soil than other additive. In conclusion, this project can save the environment impact associated with waste disposal and contributes to a more sustainable approach to managing organic waste. SYNOPSIS NUR SYAFIQAH BINTI ZAIEF NURUL HUDA BINTI SUKOR 61
THE UTILIZATION OF PLANT-BASED BY USING MORINGA OLEIFERA, SESAME, PEANUT, AND TAMARIND SEED AS NATURAL COAGULANTS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT KU BARIYYATUL BUSHRO BINTI KU ANUAR DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PUAN ROZILAILI BINTI MUSTAPA PROJECT SUPERVISOR Water pollution and its related challenges have always been hot topics, but because human activity never stops, the problems only appear to become worse despite many solutions. Engineers have mostly focused on treatment plants to handle wastewater as the city's water infrastructure deteriorates. Having said that, there are numerous initiatives employing low-tech, straightforward solutions that make use of commonplace materials in an effort to support community health and safety. However, the objectives of this research are to investigate the efficiency of Moringa Oleifera, sesame, peanut, and tamarind seed as coagulants, an initiative to create a more natural way to treat water. Other than that, this research is to help compare the effectiveness between the common coagulants used which are alum with the created natural coagulants. The results demonstrated that using plant-based coagulants as a new composite coagulant in water treatment is a viable option for improving turbidity and suspended solid reduction performance. Based on the results obtained, Moringa oleifera is the product that produces the best benefit. This is because moringa keeps the pH within the World Health Organization's (WHO) guidelines while reducing turbidity and high suspended particles. Additionally, using this natural coagulant can lessen the quantity of chemical sludge products released into the environment and lower the health concerns linked to the long-term use of chemical coagulants. SYNOPSIS EDREA EMERALD OSCAR MOLIGAN 62
USE OF RICE HUSK AND RICE STRAW IN PRODUCTION OF CEMENT BRICK NIK ASIF ILLIYAS BIN NIK AZIZ DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ENCIK MOHD ZAMRI BIN JAMALUDDIN PROJECT SUPERVISOR The use of waste material in brick production has been introduced as a addition material for environmental and ecological protection especially air pollution caused by open burning. The main material is rice husk and rice straw. Both of these were taken at Sekinchan , Selangor. This study was identify the suitable sizes of RS and RH in cement in production of cement brick. An another hand , this project to compare the strength of mix of cement brick with RS and RH with standard cement brick. Rice straw and rice was chosen to safe environmental from the pollution because most farmers and factories do the traditionally which is open burning after left from farm. Another reasons is want to commercialize the waste material and turn it into valuable mateial. It can helps the farmers get the money usually and safe environment health. For produce these brick, there are same mix ratio and percentages of addition material. After that, this making of brick , the test such as slump test and cube test will be run for the effectiveness strength and suitable for construction. These Cube test was curing with 7 day and 28 day . The brick was produced in 21.5x 10 x 6.3 in cm sizes of mould. SYNOPSIS NUR HANIE SYIFA’ BINTI AFZAINIZAM MOHAMAD AFI BIN HASSAINAR 63
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT RATIO OF SEWAGE SLUDGE ,INDUSTRIAL SLUDGE AND ORGANIC SOIL AS GROWTH MEDIA FOR COLEUS SP. PLANT. HANI IRDIENA MAISARAH BINTI NOOR HAFIZ DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PUAN AZZAH SYAHMINA BINTI AZMAN PROJECT SUPERVISOR Industrial sludge and sewage sludge is a waste that have potential to be reuse and transform to other usage. Both sludges mostly have soil like texture have potential to be used as growth media as it has nutrient content that can support plant growth. This study aims to determine nutrient content (NPK) concentration in different ratio of plant growth media using organic soil, sewage sludge and industrial sludge. Besides, this study also determines the plant growth effect using different ratio of organic soil, sewage sludge and industrial sludge as growth media for Coleus Sp. Two types of analysis were done which is chemical analysis that included determination of NPK concentration in each ratio of growth media & heavy metal content in industrial sludge and physical analysis for plant growth which included observation on leaf width, number of leaves, stem height and leaf length. Based on the data show growth media with mixture of sewage sludge + organic soil highly support Coleus plant growth compare to others media due to its highest concentration of potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) than others media while growth media by using industrial sludge is less potential to support plant growth because its contaminate with many types of heavy metals. SYNOPSIS NUR LINA BINTI SAPIRIL ALNUAR. NUR QURRATU AIDA BINTI MOHAMAD AZIZI 64
UTILIZATION OF GLASS WASTE AS AN ADDITIVE FOR FINE AGGREGATE MATERIAL IN CONCRETE MUHAMMAD FIRDAUS BIN MOHAMAD SHAHROL DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PUAN SYARIFAH ANIS AQILA BINTI SYED NASIR PROJECT SUPERVISOR The disposal of glass waste poses environmental challenges due to its nonbiodegradable nature. Glass waste can harm the environment in several ways. When not properly recycled, it contributes to landfill buildup and taking up space. The production of new glass from raw materials requires significant energy, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, improper disposal can lead to litter, impacting ecosystems and wildlife. Recycling glass helps mitigate this impact by reducing energy consumption and raw material extraction. Increasing awareness and promoting recycling practices can contribute to addressing the glass waste problem. This study aims to understand the implications of varying proportions of waste glass additive in the production of concrete which range 5%, 10%, and 15% on compressive strength. Evaluation has been made for two critical stages: 7 days and 28 days. By testing these difterent proportions, the study seeks the optimal amount of waste glass aggregate that shows enhancement on concrete compressive strength. Based on data, shows that concrete containing 5% fine glass aggregate exhibits higher compressive strength. This study findings shall demonstrate the potential of waste glass utilization as a fine aggregate in concrete thus given a sustainable and economic benefits for construction industry. SYNOPSIS NURFARAH DANIA BINTI NORFADZIL NURUL AINI SYAZWANI BINTI NASERI 65
WATER TREATMENT USING NATURAL MATERIALS (mudball) MUHAMMAD IZWAN DANISH BIN ILLIAS DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ENCIK SAIFUL HADI BIN MD YUSOFF PROJECT SUPERVISOR The use of natural materials without chemical mining can help the water treatment process which homes are contaminated by waste, livestock sis, household waste, and so on, and other science that can handle contaminated idu. Modification of the material produced to treat two steps helps to detect help to detect effective achievement self-time per month to get the help that is in it the mud balls are exactly decomposed and for the members of the exercise time the microorganisms of the organization are present and active in the mud balls. In conclusion, mudball are able to treat water and do not require clean capital than because the resistant ones are natural. But the processes of mudball propulsion and the way in which they are used must be in a very powerful manner that the mudball ball has forces that can be used. SYNOPSIS MASRAZWEL A/K MAT MUHAMMAD BADRUL HISYAM BIN RAZALI 66
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POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH SUNGAI LANG 45100 SUNGAI AIR TAWAR SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN TEL ; 03-3280 6200 FAX ; 03-3280 6400 http://www.psis.edu.my/ Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam, PSIS