Kingdom Protista

Protozoa(animal) Diplomonadida

Parabasala Euglenoids
Euglenozoa Kinetoplastids
Alveolata Dinoflagellate
Rhizopoda Apicomplexa
Ciliates
Protista
Slime mold(fungus) Plasmodial
Cellular

Algae(plant) โ Brown algae Chlorophyta
Charophyta
Diatom
Red algae
Green algae

Animal-like Protist

Diplomonadida

- Eucaryotic cell ·Õè处 äÁ‹ÁÕ organelle
- Á¡Ñ Í‹Ùã¹ÊÀÒÇзÕäè Á‹ÁÍÕ Í¡«àÔ ¨¹
- ÁáÕ ¿Å¡à¨ÅÅÒËÅÒÂàʌ¹ áÅÐÁÕ¹ÇÔ à¤ÅÕÂÊ 2 ͹Ñ
µÑÇÍÂҋ §
- Giardia lamblia ໚¹»ÃÊÔµã¹ÅÓäÊ¢Œ ͧ¤¹

Parabasala

- Eucaryotic cell ·ÕèÂѧäÁ‹ÁÕ organelle
- Hydrogenosome ÊÌҧ ATP Ẻ Anaerobic Respiration
- ÁÕ flagella ໹š ¤á‹Ù ÅмÇÔ àÂÍè× ËÁ، à«ÅÅÁ ÕÅ¡Ñ É³Ð໹š ÃÍÂËÂ¡Ñ ¤ÅŒÒ¤Å×è¹
µÇÑ ÍÂҋ §
- Trichonympha ·èÕÍÒÈÑÂÍÂًã¹ÅÓäʌ»ÅÇ¡¨Ð´ÓçªÕÇµÔ áººÀÒÇÐ¾Ö§è ¾Ò¡¹Ñ â´Â
ÊÌҧà͹ä«Á ‹ÍÂà«ÅÅÙâÅÊã¹äÁŒãˌ¡Ñº»ÅÇ¡
- Trichomonas vaginalis ໹š â¾Ã·Ôʵ·Õè·Óãˌà¡Ô´ÍÒ¡Òõ´Ô àªéÍ× ã¹ª‹Í§¤ÅÍ´

Triohonympha Triohomonas v.

⭐

Euglenozoa

໚¹â¾Ã·ÊÔ µà«ÅÅà ´ÂÕ Ç áº§‹ Í͡໚¹ 2 ¡Å‹ÁØ Â͋  ¤Í×
Euglenoids
Mitochondria
- Chloroplast ·èÁÕ ÊÕ ÒÃÊªÕ ¹Ô´¤ÅÍâÿÅŏáÅÐá¤â÷¹Õ
µÇÑ Í‹ҧ
- Euglena

Kinetoplastids
Mitochondria

- Chloroplast
- ´ÓçªÕÇµÔ áººÍÔÊÃÐ ÃÇÁ·Ñé§à»¹š »ÃÊÔµã¹àÅÍ× ´¢Í§ÊµÑ ǏÁÕ¡Ãд¡Ù Ê¹Ñ ËÅѧ
µÇÑ ÍÂҋ §
- Trypanosoma cruzi ·ÓãËàŒ ¡Ô´ American sleeping sickness (Chagas
Disease)
- Trypanosoma brucei ·ÓãËàŒ ¡Ô´ African sleeping sickness

...

ห๊ั

Alveolata

໹š â¾Ã·ÊÔ µà«ÅÅà ´ÕÂÇ·ÁÕè ªÕ ‹Í§Ç‹Ò§àÅç¡æãµàŒ ÂÍ×è Ë،Áà«Åŏ àÃÕ¡Çҋ áÍÅÇÕâÍäÅ (alveoli)
»ÃСͺ´ÇŒ  3 ä¿ÅÑÁ

1. Dinoflagellate

- ÁáÕ ¿Åà¨ÅÅÒ 2 àʹŒ ¨Ö§àÃÕ¡ä´â¹á¿Åà¨Åàŵ â´ÂàʹŒ ˹֧è ÇÒ§ã¹á¹Ç¢ÇÒ§ ÍÕ¡
àʌ¹Ë¹§èÖ ÇÒ§ã¹á¹Ç´§Ôè

- ÀÒÂã¹à«ÅŏÁÊÕ ÒÃÊÕ ¤ÅÍâÿÅÅᏠÅÐá¤â÷չ ÍÂã‹Ù ¹¤ÅÍâþÅÒʵ
- ºÒ§ª¹Ô´ÁÕá¼¹‹ à«ÅÅâÙ ÅÊ ËÅÒÂæἋ¹»ÃСͺ¡Ñ¹¤ÅҌ Âà¡ÃÒÐ ÁÅÕ Ç´ÅÒÂÊǧÒÁ
- ºÒ§ª¹´Ô ÁÊÕ ÒþÉÔ á«¡«Ô·Í¡«¹Ô (Saxitoxin) ã¹µÇÑ àÁ×èÍà¡´Ô ÁžÉÔ ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÁÕÊÒÃ
ÍÔ¹·ÃՏ㹹Óé ·ÐàÅÁÒ¡æä´â¹á¿Åà¨Åàŵ¾Ç¡¹Õé¨Ðà¾ÔèÁ»ÃÔÁÒ³ÍÂҋ §ÃÇ´àÃÇç ·Óãˌ¹Óé
·ÐàÅÁÕÊáÕ ´§ àÃÂÕ ¡»ÃÒ¡®¡Òó¢ Õé»ÅÒÇÒÌ (red tide)
µÇÑ ÍÂҋ §
- Noctiluca àÃÍ× §áʧ䴌ã¹àÇÅÒ¡ÅÒ§¤×¹
- Gymnodium äÁ‹ÁÕ cell wall

Noctilvca Gymnodium

I

red tide

2. Apicomplexa

- ໚¹â¾Ã·ÊÔ µ·Õè´Óçª¾Õ ໚¹»ÃÊµÔ ·§éÑ ËÁ´
- äÁ‹ÁâÕ ¤Ã§ÊÌҧ·Õãè ªãŒ ¹¡ÒÃà¤Å×è͹·Õè
- ÁÕ apical complex ÊÓËÃѺᷧ¼‹Ò¹à«ÅÅà Áç´àÅ×Í´á´§
µÑÇÍ‹ҧ
- Plasmodium spp. àªé×Í䢌ÁÒÅÒàÃÂÕ

Plasmodivm spp.LT

3. Ciliates

- ໹š â¾Ã·ÊÔ µ· èÕ㪫Œ àÔ ÅÂÕ à¤ÅÍ×è ¹·èÕ
- Á¹Õ ÔÇà¤ÅÂÕ Ê 2 ¢¹Ò´ ¤×Í

→ macronucleus ¤Çº¤ØÁ¡Ãкǹ¡Òõ‹Ò§æ¢Í§à«Åŏ
→ micronucleus ãªãŒ ¹¡ÒÃÊº× ¾¹Ñ ¸Ø
µÇÑ Í‹ҧ
- Paramecium
- Vorticella
- Stentor
- Didinium

Paramecium vorticelln

stentor

Rhizopoda

- 㪌 Pseudopodium à¾×Íè ¡ÒÃà¤Å×Íè ¹·ÕèËÃ×Í¡Ô¹ÍÒËÒÃẺ Phagocytosis
µÑÇÍÂҋ §

- Entamoeba histolytica ¡Í‹ âäº´Ô ÁÕµÑÇ㹤¹
- Amoeba

Entamoeba histolytica Amoeba

Fungus-like Protist

Mycetozoa (Slime mold)
ËÃÍ× àÃÕ¡NjÒÃÒàÁÍ× ¡ÁÑ¡¾ºã¹ºÃàÔ Ç³·èªÕ ×¹é á©ÐËÃ×͵ÒÁ¢Í¹äÁÁŒ ºÕ ·ºÒ·à»¹š ¼ÂŒÙ ‹ÍÂÊÅÒÂã¹

Ãкº¹àÔ ÇÈ àÁ×èͶ֧ÃÐÂÐÊº× ¾Ñ¹¸Ø¨ÐËÂØ´à¤Å×è͹·áèÕ ÅÐÊÃҌ §ÍºÑ Ê»ÍÃᏠÅÐãªÊŒ »ÍÃ㏠¹¡ÒâÂÒÂ
¾Ñ¹¸Ø ầ‹ 䴌 2 ¡Å‹ÁØ ãË­‹ ¤Í×

1. Plasmodial slime molds

- ໹š ÊÔè§ÁªÕ ÇÕ µÔ à«Åŏà´ÂÕ Ç
- ÁÕËÅÒ¹ÇÔ à¤ÅÕÂÊÍÂًÀÒÂã¹à«Åŏà´ÕÂÇ
- ÁÅÕ ¡Ñ ɳСÒÃà¤Åè×͹·èÕẺÍÐÁºÕ Ò
- ¡¹Ô ÍÒËÒônj ÂÇÔ¸Õ phagocytosis
- Á¢Õ ¹Ò´ãË­¡‹ NjÒÃÒàÁ×Í¡»ÃÐàÀ·à«ÅÅÙÅÒÏ
µÇÑ Í‹ҧ
- Stemonitis
- Physarum

2. Cellular slime molds

- ໹š ÊèÔ§ÁªÕ ÇÕ Ôµà«ÅÅà ´ÂÕ Ç
- ÁÕ¹ÇÔ à¤ÅÕÂÊ 1 Í¹Ñ µ‹Íà«Åŏ
- ã¹ÊÀÒ¾áÇ´Å͌ Á»¡µ¨Ô дÓçªÇÕ µÔ Ẻà«ÅÅà ´ÂÕ Ç
- àÁ×èÍÊÀÒ¾áÇ´Å͌ ÁäÁà‹ ËÁÒÐÊÁ¨ÐÃÇÁµÑÇ¡¹Ñ ໚¹¡ÅÁ؋ ¡ŒÍ¹ÅѡɳФÅҌ  Plasmodium
µÑÇÍÂҋ §
- Dictyosrelium discoideum

Plant-like Protist

Stramenopiles
Protist ·Õèà«ÅÅʏ º× ¾Ñ¹¸Á؏ Õ flagella 2 àʌ¹¤×Í Hairy flagellum áÅÐ

Smooth flagellum ÁÕ 2 ä¿ÅÁÑ

1. Brown algae

- ÁÊÕ ÒÃÊ¹Õ Óé µÒÅ·èàÕ ÃÂÕ ¡Ç‹Ò¿Ç â¤á«¹·Ô¹ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Òá¤â÷չáÅФÅÍâÿŁ ŏ

- ໹š ÊÒËÃҋ ·ÕèÁÕ¢¹Ò´ãË­‹ ÁÕâ¤Ã§ÊÌҧ«ºÑ «ŒÍ¹ÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´

- ÁÕ¤ÇÒÊÓ¤­Ñ µ‹ÍÊè§Ô ÁªÕ ÕÇÔµ·ÍÕè ÒÈÂÑ Í‹ãÙ ¹¹éÓâ´Â໚¹áËŧ‹ ÍÒËÒà ·ÍèÕ Â͋٠ÒÈÂÑ áÅÐãªãŒ ¹

¡ÒÃËźÀÂÑ

µÑÇÍ‹ҧ

- Kelp «§èÖ ÍÒ¨¾ºÂÒǶ֧ 60 àÁµÃ

- ÊÒËÃҋ ·¹Ø‹ (Sargassum sp.)

- ÅÒÁÔ¹ÒàÃÕ (Laminaria sp.)

- ¾Ò´¹Ô Ò (Padina sp.)

- ¿Ç¡ÊÑ (Fucus sp.) Kelp

Sargassun Laminaria

Padina Fucus

2. Diatom

- ÁÕÊÒÃÊªÕ ¹Ô´à´ÂÕ Ç¡ºÑ ·¾Õè ºã¹ Brown algae ·ÓãËÁŒ ÕÊàÕ ËÅÍ× §ËÃÍ× ¹éÓµÒÅá¡ÁàËÅÍ× §
- Á¼Õ ¹§Ñ à«Åŏ»ÃСͺ´ÇŒ «ÔÅ¡Ô Ò
- ¾ºÁÒ¡ã¹¹éӨ״áÅйÓé à¤çÁ
- ໹š áËŧ‹ ÍÒËÒ÷èÕÊӤѭ¢Í§ÊèÔ§ÁªÕ ÕÇµÔ ã¹Ãкº¹àÔ ÇÈ
- ÁÕ¡ÒÃÊÐÊÁÍÒËÒÃänjã¹ÃÙ»¢Í§¹éÓÁѹ «Ò¡¢Í§ä´ÍеÍÁ·µèÕ Ò·ºÑ ¶Á¡Ñ¹¹Ò¹ æ ¨Ð
¡ÅÒÂ໹š ÊNj ¹Ë¹Ö觢ͧ¾é×¹´¹Ô ãµáŒ Ëŋ§¹éÓ·èàÕ ÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò Diatomaceous earth «è§Ö ໚¹áËŋ§ÃÇÁ
¢Í§áø‹ ÒµØáÅйéÓÁ¹Ñ
µÑÇÍÂҋ §
- Cyclotella
- Asterionella

Red algae

- Chlorophyll a,d+Carotenoid+Phycoerythrin
-¼¹Ñ§à«Åŏ
→ªÑ¹é 㹠໚¹¾Ç¡ÊÒÃà«ÅÅÙâÅÊ
→ªéѹ¹Í¡à»¹š ÊÒÃàÁ×Í¡¾Ç¡ Sulfated galactan 䴌ᡋ Agar, Porphyran, Furcelleran,
Carrageenan
- ¤ÅÍâþÅÒʵÁ Õ 2 Ẻ ¤Í× ºÒ§¾Ç¡ÁÅÕ Ñ¡É³Ð໹š ᩡû٠´ÒÇ áÅÐÁÕä¾ÃչʹµÃ§
¡ÅÒ§ ºÒ§¾Ç¡ÁÕÅ¡Ñ É³Ð¡ÅÁẹ
- ÍÒËÒÃÊÐÊÁ໚¹á»‡§ÁªÕ ×Íè ੾ÒÐÇҋ Floridean starch ÍÂًã¹ä«â·¾ÅÒÊ«ÖÁ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡á»§‡
áÅnj ÂѧÊÐÊÁäÇ㌠¹Ã»Ù ¢Í§¹Óé µÒÅ Floridoside «èÖ§·Ó˹Ҍ ·Õàè ËÁÍ× ¹¹éÓµÒÅ«Ùâ¤ÃÊã¹
ÊÒËËÒÂÊàÕ ¢ÕÂÇáÅоתªé¹Ñ ÊÙ§
- äÁÁ‹ áÕ ¿Å¡à¨ÅÅÑÁ㹡ÒÃà¤ÅèÍ× ¹·èÕ
µÑÇÍÂҋ §
- Porphyra sp. ËÃ×Í nori ã¹ÀÒÉÒ­Õ»è ¹†Ø 㪌໚¹ÍÒËÒÃ
- Gracilaria sp. Ê¡Ñ´ÊÒà carrageenan 㪌·ÓǹŒØ

Gracilaria sp .

Porphyra sp.

Green algae
- ¤ÅÍâþÅÒʵÁ ÕÃٻËҧäÁዠ¹¹‹ ͹
- ¤ÅÍâþÅÒʵ»ÃСͺ仴ŒÇ¤ÅÍâÿŁ ŏàÍáÅÐºÕ áÅÐÁÃÕ §¤ÇµÑ ¶ØÍÂҋ §àºµÒŒ á¤â÷¹Õ
- ࡺç ÍÒËÒÃã¹ÃÙ»¢Í§ paramylon ËÃ×Íệ§·ÁÕè ¡Ñ ¾ºã¹¾ª× ªÑ¹é ʧÙ
- à«ÅŏÁÕËÅÒÂÃٻẺ ࢋ¹ ¡ÅÁ, ÃÕ à»š¹µ¹Œ
- ÍҨ͋àÙ »¹š à«ÅÅà ´ÂÕ ÇËÃÍ× µ‹Í¡¹Ñ ໹š ÊÒÂ
- ẋ§ä´Œà»¹š 2 ä¿ÅÑÁ ¤Í× Chlorophyta, Charophyta

1. Chlorophyta

- Á·Õ §éÑ ËÁ´ 17,500 Ê»«‚ Õʏ
- Á¡Ñ ¾ºã¹¹éӨ״ÁÒ¡¡Çҋ ¹éÓà¤çÁ
- ÁÕÍѵÃÒʋǹ¢Í§¤ÅÍâÿÅŏàËÁ×͹¾×ªªÑé¹Ê§Ù
- â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ¢Í§à«Åŏ»ÃСͺ´ŒÇÂà«ÅÅÙâÅÊ
- Êº× ¾¹Ñ ¸áØ ººäÁ͋ ÒÈÑÂà¾Èâ´Â¡ÒÃầ‹ à«ÅŏËÃ×Í¡ÒÃËÑ¡ÊÒÂã¹ÊÒËÃҋ ·ÕèÍ‹١ѹ໹š ÊÒÂ
- Ê׺¾¹Ñ ¸á؏ ººÍÒÈÂÑ à¾Èâ´Â¡Òä͹¨Ùà¡«¹Ñ
µÇÑ ÍÂҋ §
- Chlorella ·ÓÍÒËÒÃàÊÃÔÁâ»ÃµÕ¹
- Spirogyra à·Ò¹Óé

Spirogyra

scenedesmus Acetabularia

Volvox Chlamydomonas

2. Charophyta (Stoneworts)

- Á»Õ ÃÐÁÒ³ 250 Ê»«‚ Õʏ
- ໹š ÊÒËÃҋ ¹Óé ¨´× ¢¹Ò´ãË­‹ ᵡ¡è§Ô ¤ÅŒÒ¾תª¹Ñé ÊÙ§
- ÁÕ Rhizoid ·Ó˹ŒÒ·ÂèÕ Ö´à¡ÒÐ¾×¹é ´¹Ô ·Ó˹Ҍ ·¤èÕ ÅŒÒÂÃÒ¡áÅЪ‹ÇÂ㹡ÒâÂÒ¾ѹ¸ØᏠºº
äÁ͋ ÒÈÑÂà¾È
- ÁÕ Thallus ÁÕÅ¡Ñ É³Ð໚¹¢ÍŒ áÅлŌͧàËÁ×͹¾×ªªé¹Ñ ʧ٠¡ÒÃᵡ¡§Ôè ¨ÐᵡÍÍ¡
ºÃÔàdz¢ŒÍáÅзբè ͌ ¨ÐÁàÕ «ÅÅ· àèÕ ¨Ã­Ô àµºÔ âµà»š¹à¡Å´ç àÅç¡æÍÂً Ãͺ¢ÍŒ àÃÂÕ ¡Çҋ ãº
- â¤Ã§ÊÌҧà«ÅÅʏ ׺¾¹Ñ ¸ØÁÕâÍâÍâ¡à¹ÕÂÁÊÌҧä¢á‹ ÅÐá͹¸ÃÔ Õà´ÂÕ ÁÊÌҧÊແÏÁ
- ÊÒÁÒöµÃ§Ö á¤Åà«ÕÂÁ¤ÒϺÍ๵ÁÒÊÐÊÁäÇ·Œ ¼Õè ¹§Ñ à«Åŏ䴌