SUMMER 2023 Breed Standard pg. 18 Business Spotlight pg. 44 6 FAILED MATING CAUSES OF A GENETICS Part 4 Customer Appreciation To Boost Business
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4 National Pet Directory | Summer 2023 Editor’s Note Greetings of cheer in this sunny summer season. The fields are being harvested, canning jars are getting filled, the barbecue is going, and the laughter of children at the swimming hole fills the air. Lately we have been inspired by the quote from Ginny Rometty who said, “growth and comfort do not coexist.” Indeed, the nature of growth is to stretch us outside our comfort zone. That can seem intimidating and risky at times. Yet like a tiny seed planted in the soil, when we push past the limits of our shell amazing things can happen. We are excited to share the growth of a new section in the National Pet Directory- the Breeder Spotlight! We know the critical importance of finding the right bloodlines for your kennel program and how challenging that can be. Now you can find top kennels at your fingertips, that specialize in advancing your bloodlines. As we all strive to grow and improve, we can foster success not just for our businesses, but for our entire industry. Best wishes, The National Pet Directory Team
5 PA STUDS Business Resources Features 5 Star Vet Supply Affordable Pet Supplies Agri-Door Atlas Horsepower Solutions Beaverdam Pet Food Cozy Puppy Express Elite Nutrition Excell Pro Pet Foods EZS Whelper GDM Graber Dog Food Great Lakes Pet Food Hilltop Frenchies Infinity Pups Kuntry Kennel Supply MAHA Midwest Pet Foods MP Chain Link Fencing New Fab Norm's Farm Store NuVet Labs Paw Print Genetics Puppy Express Purina Revival Animal Health Site Preparations Stoney Hollow Mfg Summit Professionals Tigworxs Trail Farm Supply TriZ Power 57 55 17 13 58 51 60 24 4 9 53 3 45 2 53 4 17 55 19 51 15 25 19 7 6 23 53 55 55 45 11 Contents 40-41 44 26-27 35-36 28, 36 30-33 37 38 26-28 37 40 41 Australian Shepherd Basset Hound Bernese Boxer Bulldog Bulldog Cane Corso Cavachon Cavalier Dachshund German Shepherd Goldendoodle Stud Index Failed Breeding Causes of an unsuccessful mating D-I-Y Play yard A-frame Breeders Basics Customer appreciation Breed Standard Shih Tzu Genetics Part 4 Pawful Events IHAW breeders seminar Business Spotlight Perfect Match Poodles 8 12 16 20 22 50 52 33 39 38-39 42-44 44 27-30 44 38 Havanese Pomeranian Pomsky Poodle Pug Retriever Welsh Corgi Yorkshire Terrier IL STUDS 40 40 40 American Shepherd Welsh Corgi Poodle 34-35 26 Bulldog Cavalier IN STUDS Breeder Spotlight 46 46 47 Australian Shepherd Bernedoodle Cavalier 47-48 48 49 Pembrook Welsh Corgi Poodle (Mini) Poodle (Toy) 49 49 Pug Yorkshire Terrier 35 Boxer NY STUDS 36 36 Bulldog Boxer OH STUDS
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8 National Pet Directory | Summer 2023 Failed Breeding You bred your dog and yet 63 days later, there were no puppies. The breeding was unsuccessful. So what happened? When breeding, a lot can go wrong in a number of directions. Let’s take a look at the top six reasons a mating can be unsuccessful. 1The breeding timing was incorrect Breeding at the correct time is paramount to producing a healthy litter of puppies. Ovulation occurs during oestrus, which begins approximately 9 to 12 days after the heat cycle begins and lasts approximately 9 to 12 days. Miscalculating or misjudging this window will result in a failed breeding. It is typically suggested to breed a dam twice during oestrus to help increase the chances of a successful litter. Tools like a progesterone machine can make timing a breeding incredibly accurate and therefore successful. However, using the wrong charts for your machine or old reference values from previous progesterone machines on your new machine simply will not work. You must use the correct reading chart in order to produce accurate results. But progesterone machines all measure the same thing, so why does this matter so much? While tools like progesterone machines do measure the same hormones, each machine is uniquely calibrated and utilize values unique to that machine. The best approach for success is using the professionally designed timing chart curated for your specific machine. Misjudging your dam’s ovulation date can cause you to inaccurately predict her fertility window by a few days. When measuring progesterone levels, once you receive a result in the ovulation range it is key to test again and look for the result that rises into the fertile range. In some cases, these test result numbers can double from one day to the next. Timing your breeding based on the wrong progesterone value could lead you to breed too early or too late. Even if you do everything else right, if you time your breeding too early or too late your dam will fail to have puppies. 2Insufficient or damaged stud sample Struggling counts from a stud’s sample can happen for a lot of reasons: age, temperature, reproductive diseases, incorrect use of extenders, an overworked stud, etc. It is vitally important to confirm the health of the stud’s sample, as it does 50% of the work and can account for many possible failures. Even if the stud’s sample is healthy and at the recommended standards, it can easily be harmed during transport and preparation. A healthy sample from a stud should register at least 70% forward progressive motility, 80% normal morphology and 200 million total forward-motile sperm for healthy pregnancies. Total sperm count per ejaculation (not per sample or milliliter) should be 300 million-2 billion. 1 If a stud’s sample falls short of these parameters there is a high chance of a failed mating. We recommend analyzing each stud dog on a regular basis to screen for potential issues. Additionally, if AI is being used, it is recommended to analyze the sample prior to insemination. 3Disease or infection Pyometra (an infection in the uterus), canine herpes virus, hypothyroidism, or brucellosis are just of a few of the health issues that can seriously affect a dam’s reproductive ability. Furthermore, some diseases can even be lifeUnderstanding the factors that can lead to a failed breeding can help lay the groundwork for successful litters.
9 National Pet Directory | Summer 2023 Heated Center & Tapered Bottom —Keeps pups warm & in the center! THE WHELPING DEN by GDM Has reduced pup loss from 20% to less than 1%! Model 55 55” Open Den $937 Model 48 4’ Open Den $937 Model 36 3’ Open Den $627 Deluxe 36 3’ Enclosed Den $1,359 Deluxe 48 4’ Enclosed Den $1,650 Did You Know?—Up to 20% of puppies die before weaning, due to crushing, poor heat source, or other causes! NEW! 4’ Deluxe Enclosed Den Also Available: 32” Round Whelping Pan $150 Two Sizes Available* 40” x 48” $418 60” x 72” $750 FINALLY, A Pan Large Enough to Meet PA Commercial Kennel Requirements! Heating Options: Water, Electric, or Propane * Carpet available for use when whelping Breeders: Ask About this NEW Whelping Pan for Upgrading Your Existing Kennel! Ask about Prebuilt Kennels with these Pans Installed! Wash-Down Drain Deluxe 60 4’x 5’ Enclosed Den $1,830 Model 60 5’ Open Den $1,160 U.S. 607-243-9718 Canada 519-699-9388 GDM Dens LLC 4491 State Rt. 14A Dundee NY 14837
10 National Pet Directory | Summer 2023 threatening or easily transferred to other dogs. Therefore, if a disease is suspected, it is vital to seek veterinary care. Warning signs can range widely and may include things like a dam appearing to be uncomfortable, have an increased thirst, frequent urination, refusal to eat, lethargy, discharge, or vomiting. As a professional breeder, you ultimately know when your dog’s behavior is unusual, so don’t hesitate to take action with a dog you suspect is ill. Acting early can save an entire litter, your dam’s life, and safeguard the health of your entire kennel. 4The dam didn’t ovulate A normal dam should begin having estrous (heat) cycles by two years of age. Once these cycles begin, the dam should experience estrus at regular intervals. Most dams cycle every 4 to 10 months, although some breeds may cycle only once per year. Irregularity in cycles can be caused by a variety of factors such as: lack of exposure to other cycling females, malnutrition, infections, or ovarian tumors and cysts. If you are using tools like a progesterone machine, you may get a test result value the puts your dam in the ovulation range but this single test does not guarantee ovulation. These ranges are established due to the hormonal variation among different animals. Therefore, running a second progesterone test is usually required to confirm the ovulation point has occurred. A dam with irregularities in her cycle, such a split heat, can also produce misleading progesterone results. In this instance you may see test results in the ovulation range but they come back down, or results that show her in the ovulation range for days at a time. Once a dam has truly ovulated, progesterone will elevate and remain high. You may even see a dam produce the same test value, in the ovulation range, for days at a time before she rises. A result demonstrating she is actually in the fertile range is recommended before breeding. 5Hormonal disorders or imbalances So, you have used a stud with tested fertility and perfectly timed your breeding to a dam that tested free of diseases. But then, somewhere along the way, your dam lost her litter early. A dam’s hormones aid in the maintenance of pregnancy and regular cycles. Hormonal imbalances can have a drastic impact on your dam’s ability to produce and carry a healthy litter. These imbalances can have a range of root causes, such as diabetes or hypothyroidism. Symptoms of hormonal imbalances can be generalized and mistaken for other issues, so performing diagnostic tests to pinpoint hormone levels is advised. 6General health A dam should be in good general health to produce healthy litters. This includes proper weight, neither overweight or underweight, and eating a wellbalanced diet. Studies have shown how a diet characterized by high protein and fat content and richer in essential fatty acids can improve reproductive performance in dogs including: more standardized estrous cycles, lower rates of fetal absorption, and larger litter sizes.2 A dam should also be health tested according to the breed recommendations and up to date on vaccinations. If the dam is due for vaccination, they should be administered no later than three weeks prior to her cycle. As the best-selling author Andy Andrews wrote, "Challenges are a gift, an opportunity to learn." Missing a breeding cycle can be frustrating, but don’t loose hope. Breeding irregularities happen even for the most experienced kennel owners. Continue to be diligent in your kennel practices and take the necessary steps to determine what went wrong. Investing the time to expand your understanding and the resources to prevent reoccurring issues is an investment that will advance the success of your business. 1 Johnson, DVM, DACVIM, 2008. 2 Orlandi R, et al., 2021. Article contributed by Sam Decker of MR Diagnostic Services and edited by the National Pet Directory. Founded by engineers, MR Diagnostic Services is a family business, pioneering the development of diagnostic testing since 1978. For additional information and support visit them at CanineP4.com or call 844-673- 7378 and save thousands with the latest breeding technology.
11 National Pet Directory | Summer 2023 Efficient • Reliable • Cost Effective RhinoVoltz.com [email protected] 291 Stauffer Road New Holland, PA 17557 1-800-315-2296 • Efficient • Reliable • Cost Effective Lithium Batteries • Solar Controllers • Inverters • Power Banks Solar Controller-60 Solar Battery Pack Digital meters • Quick connect cable 12V - 24V - 48V Smart Charger 1 - 2 - 4 - 10 - 20 - 30 - 50 Amp PREMIUM Battery USB • Digital meters Quick connect cable 50 - 80 - 100 AH DC Charger 5 - 10 - 20 AMP Buggy Solar Kits ECONOMY No volt meter • Quick connect cable 10 AH - 20 AH - 40 AH 12V 22AH Smart Slide Cell Battery 7 Year Warranty On Solar Batteries Our Mission To distribute quality clean green energy products for your best value
12 National Pet Directory | Summer 2023 DIY Creating a dog play yard or play area is a great way to provide a safe and enjoyable space for dogs to exercise, play, and socialize. In addition, a clean and visually appealing play area makes a wonderful impression to your potential clients. Without saying a word, your play yard communicates to your clients the high quality standards you provide for the animals in your care. Here are a few key factors to keep in mind when creating a play yard for your breeding program: 1Choose appropriate flooring. There are many options on the market that can be suitable: grass, gravel, artificial turf, rubber mats, etc. Consider using multiple flooring mediums, such as one section finished in artificial turf and a different area topped with gravel. 2Provide shade and shelter. Create shaded areas using structures like gazebos, canopies, or trees to protect dogs from direct sunlight and provide relief on hot days. This not only provides shade, but is visually appealing. 3Water source and hydration. Ensure access to fresh water within the play yard. Install a dog-friendly water source, such as a water dispenser or a securely anchored water bowl. Regularly check and refill water to ensure dogs stay hydrated during playtime. 4Consider separation areas. Create separate areas or enclosures within the play yard for different purposes, such as puppy play areas, small dog sections, or designated areas for dogs with specific needs. Install secure gates or barriers to allow for controlled access and management of different groups of dogs. 5Safety and cleanliness. Establish a regular cleaning routine. Remember small things like sanitizing water bowls. Do seasonal checks for equipment maintenance and areas that may need paint touchups. 6 Install play equipment. Incorporate dogfriendly play equipment, such as: agility obstacles, ramps, tunnels, chair swings, or interactive toys like pull ropes hung from trees. These additions can provide mental stimulation and physical exercise for the dogs. Ensure all play equipment is sturdy, safe, and designed for dogs. Regularly inspect and maintain the equipment to keep it in good condition. Don't let creating a play yard intimidate you. An impressive play yard can be very affordable. Repurposed materials, sanding, and paint can go a long way. For example, here we will go through the steps of creating an agility A-Frame. These can be found at retailers, charging from $300 to over $2000 dollars. Yet you can make one for minimal expense with a little elbow grease and a few materials you may even already have around. SUPPLIES NEEDED 2 - 4×8' sheets of plywood 8 - 2x4s 2 - 3" door hinges 42 ft - 3/8" x 1 ¼" molding 4 - eye rings 2 - 8' lengths of chain galvanized nails house paint sand nail gun table saw or circular saw Play Yard
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14 National Pet Directory | Summer 2023 INSTRUCTIONS 1. Build the wall platforms. Use a table saw or circular saw to cut two 4' x 8' sheets of plywood down to 3' x 8'. To make the plywood pieces rigid, attach 2x4s around the perimeter and one lengthwise down the middle of each piece. Attach the 2x4s with a pneumatic nail gun through the face of the plywood. 2. Add wooden rungs to the wall. Wooden rungs added on top of the A-Frame platforms will aid your dog’s traction as it climbs the A-Frame. Measure about 4" in from the bottom of one platform side and glue down a piece of molding horizontally. Repeat this about every foot, moving up to the top. Then do the same thing on the other platform. Lastly, tack each strip of molding down with 1" nails. 3. Paint the A-frame wall. Sand down any rough areas of wood. Mix the paint with sand to add traction to the walls. Apply two coats of standard, exterior house paint. Having two different colors on each side of the Aframe is recommended so your dog can get a clear picture of the obstacle. 4. Finish the A-frame wall. Use 3" hinges at the top and to attach the two sides of the A-frame platforms. When stacking the platforms on top of each other to attach the hinges, be sure to shim a gap between the two sides. This will give the frame space to open and close. Lastly, attach eye-rings about midway down on each side of the wall (on the 2×4). Attach a chain through the eye-rings so you can adjust the height of the wall. Note: 8' sides are 1' short of AKC regulation courses. As such, these plans are for a practice A-Frame. Make sure all nails are completely flush with the wood, to avoid any tripping or injuries. Also, start with the A-Frame in a low position and then you can raise it (by tightening the chain) as your dogs become more familiar using it. When beginning the plans for creating your play area, remember to check your local regulations for any requirements on dog play areas or dog daycare facilities to ensure compliance with any specific rules or permits that may be necessary. Then use your creativity and have fun! Providing an attractive environment where dogs can exercise, get mental stimulation, and socialize is beneficial for both the health of your animals and the success of your business. Use common materials such as PVC pipe, foam pool noodles, and zip ties to create agility rings and jumps.
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16 National Pet Directory | Summer 2023 When we were young, our parents put great priority on teaching us to say thank you and show gratitude. The value of these lessons continues well beyond childhood. It may seem like a simple thing to do, but remarkably few businesses take the time to genuinely show customer appreciation. Showing sincere appreciation is an easy way to differentiate your business from the many other options your customers have. Let’s explore a few ideas on how we can implement a spirit of gratitude in our business. 1 Freebies We all like free stuff. And it’s even better when it’s something we need. Be thoughtful about what you can give your customers that will make their lives easier. Can your stud business offer free boarding as a special or transportation within a certain mile range? If you sell your puppies to retail customers, consider making a puppy kit with useful items such as chew toys, a few potty pads, or healthy puppy treats. Even if you sell your puppies wholesale, you have internal customers. For example, consider the person who regularly picks up and transports your puppies- you can offer them a homecooked meal, a snack for the road, or a coffee gift card. As co-founder of Ben & Jerry’s ice cream, Ben Cohen once said, “when we give, we receive; when a business does something good for somebody, that somebody feels good about them!” Consider giveaways that may not go directly to your customer, but rather in their honor. Let them know that their purchase supported a donation to their local food pantry or training for the canine unit at their police department. Many of your customers may not be in need of any more material items, but creating a positive impact in their community shows personalized care and appreciation. 2Send A Note When you go to the mailbox and you are surprised by a pretty card, that’s a great feeling. In this fast-paced modern world, a handwritten note really stands out and speaks volumes about how much you care. In the busy chores of running a business it can feel hard to find the time to sit down and attend to the tasks that don’t seem necessary. Remember that without your customers you don’t have a business. Thanking your customers is the right thing to do and as necessary as feeding your animals.1 Find a way to make writing these notes a habit. Keep cards, stamps, and envelopes ready on your desk. Create a schedule that prioritizes these tasks. For example, one kennel owner shared that after he sells a puppy he doesn’t cash the check until the thank you note is in the mailbox! 3Keep In Touch Continue that relationship of appreciation throughout the year. Consider sending your customers a postcard at Christmas or giving them a call on the anniversary of their puppy purchase. If your Customer Appreciation Customer-centric companies were 60% more profitable compared to companies that were not focused on the customer. -Deloitte and Touche Serving customers with a grateful attitude shows good manners and gives your business a competitive edge.
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18 National Pet Directory | Summer 2023 customers are folks you see regularly, mark special occasions like a birthday with homemade cookies or gift card to their favorite lunch spot. If your business has a presence online, don’t be afraid to ask your customers to leave a review on your website or post on your Facebook page. BrightLocal's annual Consumer Review Survey found that 70% of consumers will leave a review for a business when asked. Surveys also revealed that 68% of people say positive reviews make them more likely to use a business. Check your reviews and comments regularly. Respond in a timely manner to all comments, whether they are positive or constructive, with gratitude. 4Say It It feels wonderful to hear a heart-felt “thank you!” We are all busy and when folks make time in their day to prioritize coming to your business, they are giving the valuable gift of their time. As your customers leave, take a few moments to tell them that you truly appreciate they stopped by. Likewise, consider leaving them a voicemail or sending an email the next day to say thank you and wish them well. 5Customer Specials Research shows the probability of an existing customer making a purchase is 60-70%. On the other hand, there is just a 5-20% chance that a new customer will buy something from your business. Find special ways to honor your existing customers. Offer surprise discounts or invitation-only sales for previous customers. This reminds them how valued they are, all while boosting customer retention. Customer retention can have real dividends in your business. In fact, studies suggest that depending on the industry you are in, acquiring a new customer can cost five to seven times more than retaining an old one. When selling puppies to retail customers, they may not be returning for another puppy in the immediate future, but they will certainly have the opportunity to spread the word about your business. Exceeding customers’ expectations pays off— 77% of customers would recommend a company after having a positive experience with it. Surveys revealed people are 4 times more likely to buy when referred by a friend. Ask your customers where they heard about you. If it was from one of your previous customers, be sure to show them you are grateful for their referral. Try surprising your previous customer with a special thank you by sending them a gift card for a family dinner or a doggy gift basket with fun favorites for their furry friend. 6Smile Best-selling author Denis Waitley once said, “Your smile is the light in your window that tells others there is a caring, sharing person inside.” Whether your meeting someone in person or talking over the phone, give them a smile! It is a guaranteed way to share your feelings of goodwill and appreciation. As the saying goes, “Revolve your world around the customer, and more customers will revolve around you.” Often, the nature of a kennel business can be solitary. We are kept busy with cleaning, documenting, exercising, bookwork, administering medication, and other routine daily tasks. It could be several days or weeks in between our interactions with our customers. However, the frequency with which we interact with customers is not a measure of their importance in our business. The small gestures towards genuine customer appreciation builds stronger relationships and is well worth the effort. Strong relationships with your customers has a lasting impact which will enrich your business. 1 1 Thessalonians 5:18 “In everything give thanks: for this is the will of God in Christ Jesus concerning you.” Existing customers are likely to spend 67% more than new customers. -Bain & Company
19 National Pet Directory | Summer 2023 Need Transportation for your pup? FULL SERVICE – DOOR to DOOR Pick-up and Delivery Main Office/General Inquiries: Trish: 551-315-3608 [email protected] Pricing and Availability: Michele: 201-406-6466 Mike: 201-289-6622 Family Owned and Operated Over 35 Years of Experience in Licensed Transportation USDA Certified / Inspected CONTACT US www.puppyexpressllc.com We constantly work to help local or national pet non-profits. Leading Animal Care Standards (USDA Certified / Inspected) Full door to door service, Local and Long-Distance ground travel in newer model vehicles Your new best friend can stretch out in climate controlled, spacious customized vans. Wellness Check every three (3) hours. Puppies are never left unattended during transport NO Breed Discrimination – All breeds welcome! Drinking water (bottled) always available No sedation required No added fees or hidden charges • Stainless Steel • Aluminum • Plastic • Poly 33906 State Route 643 Baltic, OH 43804 330-595-9900 Call For A Free Catalog We Ship Nationwide Doggy Doors • Aluminum • Lexan • 11x11 • 15x15 • 17x21 Plastic Welded Inserts • Square • Half Round • 10x10 • 14x14 • 16x20 In Stock Standard Stainless Steel Feeder SS Bulldog Feeder w/ Feed Savor Lifetime Warranty Gray Plastic Feeder - Chow Time
20 National Pet Directory | Summer 2023 Historians believe the Shih Tzu is a direct descendant of the Lhasa Apso. Shih Tzu's origins can be traced back to Tibet, where it was highly regarded and often kept in Buddhist monasteries. During the 17th century, the Shih Tzu was brought from Tibet to China, specifically to the Chinese Imperial Court. The breed gained popularity among the Chinese royalty and nobility. It is said that the dogs were selectively bred with Pekingese to achieve a more distinct appearance. For many years, the breed was kept exclusively within China, and the Chinese emperor's court guarded the dogs carefully. Then during the Communist Revolution of 1949, Shih tzus in China were being killed off because they were considered a symbol of wealth. Lady Brownrigg, a British woman living in China, stepped in. She discovered a few shih tzus, as did a member of the English Officer serving in China during the Communist takeover. They imported the salvaged dogs to England and elsewhere in Europe. The Shih Tzu Club of England was founded in 1934. Every Shih Tzu alive today can be traced to one of 14 dogs (seven males and seven females) that were used to rebuild the breed. Returning military personnel brought some of the first Shih Tzu into the United States during the late 1940s and 1950s and began breeding programs. September 1st, 1969 was the very first day the Shih Tzu was eligible to be shown at an AKC dog show. Reverend Allen Easton entered his Shih Tzu, Ying Ying, and it won Best in Show! This record-breaking debut catapulted the breed to popularity. With their sweet expression, lively charms and, affectionate nature towards children it's no surprise that this breed has been such a popular companion ever since. Let's take a look at the technical aspects of the Shih Tzu, as defined by the AKC standards. GENERAL APPEARANCE: The Shih Tzu is a sturdy, lively, alert toy dog with long flowing double coat. Befitting his noble Chinese ancestry as a highly valued, prized companion and palace pet, the Shih Tzu is proud of bearing, has a distinctively arrogant carriage with head well up and tail curved over the back. Although there has always been considerable size variation, the Shih Tzu must be compact, solid, carrying good weight and substance. SIZE, PROPORTION, SUBSTANCE: Size - Ideally, height at withers is 9 to 10½ inches; but, not less than 8 inches nor more than 11 inches. Ideally, weight of mature dogs, 9 to 16 pounds. Proportion - Length between withers and root of tail is slightly longer than height at withers. The Shih Tzu must never be so high stationed as to appear leggy, nor so low stationed as to appear dumpy or squatty. Substance - Regardless of size, the Shih Tzu is always compact, solid and carries good weight and substance. HEAD: Head - Round, broad, wide between eyes, its size in balance with the overall size of dog being neither too large nor too small. Fault - Narrow head, close-set eyes. Expression - Warm, sweet, wide-eyed, friendly and trusting. An overall well-balanced and pleasant expression supersedes the importance of individual parts. Eyes - Large, round, not prominent, placed well apart, looking straight ahead. Very dark. Lighter on liver pigmented dogs and blue pigmented dogs. Fault - Small, close-set or light eyes; excessive eye white. Ears - Large, set slightly below crown of skull; heavily coated. Skull - Domed. Stop - There is a definite stop. Muzzle - Square, short, unwrinkled, with good cushioning, set no lower than bottom eye rim; never downturned. Ideally, no longer than 1 inch from tip of nose to stop, although length may vary slightly in relation to overall size of dog. Front of muzzle should be flat; lower lip and chin not protruding and definitely never receding. Fault - Snipiness, lack of definite stop. Nose - Nostrils are broad, wide, and open. Pigmentation - Nose, lips, eye rims are black on all colors, except liver on liver pigmented dogs and blue on blue pigmented dogs. Fault - Pink on nose, lips, or eye rims. Bite - Undershot. Jaw is broad and wide. A missing tooth or slightly misaligned teeth should not be too severely penalized. Teeth and tongue should not show when mouth is closed. Fault - Overshot bite. BREED STANDARD SHIH TZU
21 NECK, TOPLINE, BODY: Of utmost importance is an overall well-balanced dog with no exaggerated features. Neck - Well set-on flowing smoothly into shoulders; of sufficient length to permit natural high head carriage and in balance with height and length of dog. Topline - Level. Body - Short-coupled and sturdy with no waist or tuck-up. The Shih Tzu is slightly longer than tall. Fault - Legginess. Chest - Broad and deep with good spring-of-rib, however, not barrel-chested. Depth of ribcage should extend to just below elbow. Distance from elbow to withers is a little greater than from elbow to ground. Croup is flat. Tail - Set on high, heavily plumed, carried in curve well over back. Too loose, too tight, too flat, or too low set a tail is undesirable. FOREQUARTERS: Shoulders - Well angulated, well laid-back, well laid-in, fitting smoothly into body. Legs - Straight, well boned, muscular, set well apart and under chest, with elbows set close to body. Pasterns - Strong, perpendicular. Dewclaws may be removed. Feet - Firm, well padded, point straight ahead. HINDQUARTERS: Angulation of hindquarters should be in balance with forequarters. Legs - Well-boned, muscular, and straight when viewed from rear with well-bent stifles, not close set but in line with forequarters. Hocks - Well let down, perpendicular. Fault - Hyperextension of hocks. Dewclaws Dewclaws may be removed. Hocks - Firm, well-padded, point straight ahead. COAT: Luxurious, double-coated, dense, long, and flowing. Slight wave permissible. Hair on top of head is tied up. Fault - Sparse coat, single coat, curly coat. Trimming - Feet, bottom of coat, and anus may be done for neatness and to facilitate movement. Fault - Excessive trimming. COLOR AND MARKINGS: All are permissible and to be considered equally. GAIT: The Shih Tzu moves straight and must be shown at its own natural speed, neither raced nor strung-up, to evaluate its smooth, flowing, effortless movement with good front reach and equally strong rear drive, level topline, naturally high head carriage, and tail carried in gentle curve over back. TEMPERMENT: As the sole purpose of the Shih Tzu is that of a companion and house pet, it is essential that its temperament be outgoing, happy, affectionate, friendly and trusting towards all.
22 National Pet Directory | Summer 2023 I n our last discussion of canine genetics, we went through inheritance and the use of Punnett Squares in a step-by-step process. In this article, we will apply the information presented previously to solve a common concern for breeders of crossbreed dogsimproper coat. One trait that is common to many breeds of dog is called “furnishings.” Furnishings are a trait identified by a wiry hair texture and increased hair on the face and legs. For breeds in which coat furnishings are a breed standard, the focus is on long hair in the eyes and muzzle areas. What is improper coat? When a dog is expected to exhibit coat furnishings due to his breed standards but does not, it is considered a deviation from breed standards. This fault is termed “improper coat,” or IC for short. Examples of dogs that have a breed standard requiring coat furnishings include: Scottish Terrier, Havanese, Poodle, Schnauzer, Wirehaired Dachshund, Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier, Portuguese Waterdog, etc. In 2010, a mutation in the RSPO2 gene was discovered to be responsible for the presence of furnishings in the Portuguese water dog. Since then, tests for this trait have been developed allowing for discovery of the same mutation in other breeds. The risk of IC is a very real one for professionals breeding dogs for which coat furnishings are a must. Therefore, genetic testing for IC among breeds requiring furnishings has become relatively commonplace due to the possible birth of puppies with improper coats. Furnishings are inherited in a dominant fashion, meaning that dogs need to inherit only a single copy of the gene mutation from one of their parents to develop the characteristic, long facial hair. However, this can create a dilemma for breeders because dogs with only one copy of the mutation are, by definition, carriers of improper coat despite their own “proper” external appearance. If bred with another carrier of improper coat, about 25% of the puppies will be born without furnishings. This is a particular concern for breeders of crossbreed dogs such as the labradoodle, because the poodle is known to be “fixed” for the furnishings trait (two copies of the RSPO2 mutation), while the Labrador does not have any furnishings (no copies of the mutation). Since puppies inherit one copy of a gene from each parent, every puppy from a Poodle and Labrador pairing would have one copy of each gene variant resulting in puppies that have furnishings. However, each of these puppies will also carry the gene variant that results in short facial hair (improper coat carrier). It is important to note that improper coat is not a disease or disorder and does not cause any health issues for affected dogs. It is simply “improper” to have short facial hair in some breeds because it is not a desirable trait as established by the breed standard. Improper coat is a real concern for breeders of the many crossbreed dog breeds. It is an excellent example of how to use recessive inheritance to remove an undesirable feature from a breeding program. This same Genetics Part 4
23 National Pet Directory | Summer 2023 method is how we can maintain carriers of disease-causing mutations within a program and not risk producing any affected dogs that will become sick from that mutation. To begin, we must have the genotypes of the parent dogs. This can be accomplished through testing. However, in the case of improper coat, we can safely assume the genotypes of the parents because of the consistency of the trait in the parent breeds. We know poodles are usually “fixed” for the mutation that produces furnishings. A purebred poodle will have the genotype, 'F/F'. “F” stands for furnishings and “IC” will symbolize a copy of the improper coat gene. Because furnishing is not something found in the Labrador or the Golden Retriever, a purebred dog from these lines would have the genotype, 'IC/ IC'. We will consider this as our parent, or “P” generation. Breeding a Poodle to a Labrador will produce pups where each of them have the genotype for the furnishings trait, 'F/ IC'. Here is what the Punnett Square for this breeding looks like: Breeding the P generation is straightforward and consistently produces litters that are fully furnished. This first-generation litter is noted as the “F1” generation. However, many breeders are motivated to move past producing F1 litters and breed dogs from the F1 generation for a number of reasons. One is to produce a doodle crossbreed that is free of the IC variant and has the genotype 'F/F' like the poodle side of its ancestry. (Figure 1: Punnett Square of parent generation with 'F/F' genotype and 'IC/IC' genotype.) (Figure 2: Punnett Square of F1 generation with 'F/IC' genotypes.) Tired of tramping on dog poop and those brown spots that are killing your yard? For more information, contact Site Prep 717-799-7311 or visit our website at www.siteprep.com Commercial or Residential Excavation Concrete Foundations • Stone Pads For Sheds A dog turf pad provides a safe and hygienic area for dogs to play and relive themselves. The turf pad mimics the feel/ look of real grass. It is resistant to chewing and digging, and is easy to clean. The turf pad mimics the look and feel of real grass. SITE PREP BEFORE AFTER
24 National Pet Directory | Summer 2023 There are two strategies to meet this objective. One is to breed unrelated members of F1 generations. Figure 2 shows us the Punnett Square of crossing two F1 generation puppies with the same 'F/IC' genotype. Notice this follows the same probability as breeding any carrier to another carrier. This will produce a litter where each puppy has a 25% chance of of having the 'IC/ IC' genotype and not having the furnishings desired for their breed standard. This is exactly what we want to avoid. Let's also remember, that this 25% risk applies to each puppy individually (not 25% of the little as a whole). So with this pairing, it is very possible to have a litter of puppies that all have improper coat. To eliminate the possibility of producing the undesirable improper coated dog, we can try a different breeding approach. Breeding a dog from an F1 generation, with the genotype 'F/IC', back to a purebred poodle with the 'F/F' genotype. This technique is often referred to as backcrossing. Puppies produced from this pairing are referred to as an “F1b” litter. Here is what their Punnet Square would look like: In this crossing there is a 50% chance of getting the desired puppy that is a poodle crossbreed with the genotype 'F/F' for the furnishings trait. At the same time, there is no chance of getting the undesired genotype of 'IC/IC'. Testing the F1b pups will tell you if you achieved the objective of a poodle crossbreed that does not carry for the improper coat gene. Ideally, the program has a dog that can be used in the crossbreed breeding program with no concern of producing a puppy with the less desirable trait. When choosing pairings there are a multitude of factors to consider. We want to make the best genetic pairs which avoid diseases, advance the breed standard, and meet the overall desires of our customers. Let’s consider a Goldendoodle breeding program. When breeding Goldendoodles, mating an F1 goldendoodle puppy with the 'F/IC' genotype and a P generation Poodle (Figure 3: Punnett Square of F1 generation with 'F/IC' genotype and P generation with 'F/F' genotype. Produces F1b generation.) Give your dog the healthy food he deserves! • Give your dog a beautiful shiny coat and healthier skin • Witness increased muscle mass and less weight gain • Avoid by-products and fillers that offer no nutritional value 717-413-7742 CALL OR CHECK OUR WEBSITE FOR A DEALER NEAR YOU! INTERESTED IN BECOMING AN EX-CEL PRO DEALER? www.excellpropetfoods.com CONTACT US TODAY!
25 National Pet Directory | Summer 2023 parent with the 'F/F' genotype would result in puppies called the F1b generation. Figure 3 shows us the F1b generation puppies would all have furnishings. In the larger picture, these F1b generation puppies would be considered 25% Golden Retriever and 75% Poodle. Therefore, overall they would have a larger amount of the character traits and personality of the Poodle parents than the Golden Retriever parents. Just as all things change with time, the breeding industry has evolved over the years. Record keeping, astute observation, and educated guesses used to be the best way to plan a mating. Yet scientific advances have vastly improved our tools for advancing our breeding programs. Similarly, what our customers have come to expect has changed as well. Customers now have access to instant information and can be more educated about their choices. Genetic testing provides a business edge in this competitive market. It communicates to customers our high standards as professionals and the quality care we provide for our animals. Hall of fame coach Tom Landry said, “Setting a goal is not the main thing. It is deciding how you will go about achieving it and staying with that plan.” Every entrepreneur has the goal of a successful business. Yet, the plan and strategy set in place is key to achieving that goal. Using genetics in a breeding program can seem complicated at first. Through this series, we have gained a better understanding of how to implement genetic testing to produce the ideal results for our breeding plans. Choosing pairings is no longer a matter of luck or a blind guessing game. Genetic testing provides a beneficial planning tool that can vastly improve the strategic outcomes of our litters. With genetic test results, we can put the genotypes for each dog into a Punnett Square and make informed predictions about which pairings will produce the puppies that meet our breeding plan. This provides a sure recipe for success: fewer surprises, healthier puppies, and happier customers. Article contributed as a collaboration by PawPrint Genetics and the National Pet Directory. For questions about genetic testing contact PawPrint Genetics by phone 1-855-202-4889 or email [email protected]. Discover Your Dog’s Genetics Paw Print Genetics® is the leader in canine inherited disease testing! Paw Print Genetics offers breed specific testing providing the highest standards in testing and customer service. Find out more at pawprintgenetics.com Canine HealthCheck™ is an all-in-one genetic screen of more than 250 different inherited diseases and traits. This easyto-use screen is designed for any dog, regardless of breed. Find out more at caninehealthcheck.com At Neogen® we offer a variety of testing services to help you uncover the mystery of your dog's genetics. Find out more about our portfolio offerings below. Contact our Customer Success Team to order today!! 509.483.5950 1.855.202.4889
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45 VET MINUTE How long does an AI sample last? AI samples can come in one of two ways: fresh-chilled or frozen. Fresh-chilled involves the dilution of the stud sample in special canine extenders which contain egg yolk and buffers that protect the sample during the cooling process. The sample is then slowly cooled to 39.2°F and can remain viable at 39.2°F for up to 3-4 days. Alternatively, a frozen stud sample is stored in liquid nitrogen at the extreme temperature of -320.8°F. The sample is preserved in a frozen state in either “straws” or “pellets.” When thawed, a frozen sample is viable for 12-24 hours. When considering AI, timing is even more important. It is critical to monitor your dam’s heat cycle to accurately determine the right time for mating. Cust�� Kennels Come Visit our Retail Store! We would love to meet you! Vaccines 5013 Township Road 359 Millersburg, Ohio 44654 [email protected] Fax 330.893.4001
Welcome to the Breeder Spotlight section. A place for breeders to find other breeders. Finding the right bloodlines is a critical component to any breeding program. Are you looking for new bloodlines to bring to your kennel? You've come to the right place. Here you will meet top breeders around the country, offering puppies to advance your kennel program. Each dog breed is limited to two exclusive kennels per breed. For inquiries about listing your kennel or to get on the waiting list contact Melvin Lapp at 484-798-2358 ext 3. Breeder Spotlight
50 National Pet Directory | Summer 2023 PAWFUL EVENTS As professional breeders, much of our day-to-day work happens in solitude. Unlike folks who may work in an office, often we have limited interaction with our colleagues and clients. Yet fellowship is essential for us all; it builds us up and spurs us on. Fostering fellowship among our community and uplifting our professional breeding industry is the passion that fuels us here at the National Pet Directory. Attending local breeder seminars is another wonderful way to enrich your professional toolbox. This spring we had the honor to attend the IHAW Breeders Seminar, held at the Otto Center in Arthur, IL. Their committee has been organizing events since 2014. Their annual event is always two days packed with educational seminars, activities for the children, innovative vendors, and delicious food. This year’s event kicked off with the kennel tour on Friday morning. Two buses and a line of cars were loaded up as we all toured two kennels in the forenoon and one more stop after lunch. There were a total of 124 for lunch, so the tour was well attended. Among those joining were local and out-of-state breeders, many vendors, USDA and state inspectors, local law enforcement from two counties and the local dog pound. It was encouraging to see so many folks taking the time out of their busy work schedules to see the passion and dedication professional breeders pour into their work. We can imagine that having over 100 strangers trail through your kennel is quite a lot to take on, and we are so blessed by the breeders who graciously open their doors to us all. It is always interesting to hear the stories of how breeders got started, what they like or would change about their facilities, and the business tips they have to share. These times of fellowship are filled with much laughter and are a special opportunity to chat with those who know exactly what you’re going through and dealing with. By the afternoon, the crowds started rolling into the Otto Center and vendor booths were open. This year's event brought 42 vendors from across the country. The evening rounded out with a tasty meal and a fundraiser auction which was enjoyed by all. Bidders had the opportunity to win a Green Egg Grill, Cruiser buggy, a patio table and chair set, and much more! The silent auction stud services were also very popular. The top going item of the night was the Cruiser buggy for $2,500. A wonderful night of support for IHAW! The crowd gathered again Saturday morning fueled by the delicious cinnamon rolls, fruit cups, and coffee provided. Throughout the day attendees participated in informative seminars including panel discussions on conformation Attending the 2023 IHAW Breeder's Seminar.