KADAZAN DUSUN SOCIETY

KADAZANDUSUN

GROUP 3

INTRODUCTION OF

MEMBERS

AMER HAMZAH BIN
MOHAMAD YUSOF

LAW YING RUI MAERSYA IRDIENA
BINTI MUSTAFA

ALEZA BINTI NURUL ALIAH
DAHLAN BINTI MOHD ALI

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION

FESTIVAL

COSTUMES &
ACCESSORIES

CUSTOM

CUISINES

A
fabulous
ethnic to

know
about.

KDADUSAUZNANThe largest native Bumiputra group

in Sabah . They are often referred to
as "Mamasok," which is indigenous

or "original people."

PROLOGUE TO KADAZAN-DUSUN




Kadazan is the largest ethnic group in Sabah, mainly
residing at Penampang, west coast of Sabah the

surrounding locales, and various locations that in
the interior. Due to the large extent of similarities

in culture such as language and some political
initiatives shared with the Dusun ethnic group, a new

unified ethnic group called "Kadazan Dusun" was
created. Besides that, Kadazan and Dusun also share

a common animistic belief system with the various
customs and practices.



The Kadazans used to live in a large kinship groups
in longhouses which can accommodate about 150 to

200 people. However, most of them are living in
individual dwellings of smaller family units at

present times.





The Kadazandusun are a collection of ethnic groups
that speak similar languages and dialects and have

a shared belief system with slight variances in
customs and rituals. There are at least ten

different languages in this group, with probably 30
or more dialects. The Kadazan of Penampang and
Papar, the Lotud, Dusun, Kwijau, Bisaya, Dumpas,

Mankaak, Minokok, Maragang, Tangaah, Liwan, Tatanah,
Sino-Natives, the Rungus, and other subgroups from

Tempusuk, Tambunan, Ranau, and other areas are
included. The Kadazandusun can be found in all
districts, however they are most common in Sabah's

western half.

ORIGIN OF KADAZAN-DUSUN

The origin of Kadazan group can be traced back to word
"Kadazan" that has traditionally been theorised by locals as a
derivative of the words "kakadazan," which means cities, or
"kadai," which means stores; the term itself is of a Tangaa'
dialect.Interviews with Borneo's Bobolians or Bobohizans were
undertaken in order to better grasp the true meaning of the
name "Kadazan." They assert that "the people of the land" are
meant by the term "Kadazan. Meanwhile, the word "Dusun" in
Malay means "orchard," as opposed to "Kadazan," which means
"people of the land." The Sultan of Brunei, who is a Malay, is said
to have referred to the ethnic groupings of inland farmers in
the modern state of Sabah as "Orang Dusun."

There are currently more than twenty ethnolinguistic groups within the
Kadazandusun, despite the fact that the census only counts them as one group of
people. The largest among them are Central Dusun, Kadazan Coastal, Labuk-
Kinabatangan Kadazan, Bundu Dusun, Rungus Dusun, Tambunan Dusun,
Kimaragang, and Tempasuk Dusun.

One fascinating feature about the Dusuns is that the word "Dusun"
does not exist in their language and that the phrase "Dusun"
is an exonym.

Harvest Festival is a unique celebration
of Kadazandusun society. It's a

celebration to honour the Rice Spirit





COSTUMES The Kadazandusun tribe's traditional dress is incredibly
OF KADAZANDUSUN distinctive. This is due to the fact that it varies from one
location to another. The traditional attire of the
Kadazandusun's various ethnic groups varies.
This traditional attire is typically worn for major occasions
like weddings, the Unduk Ngadau Kaamatan Competition
at the Sabah State Level, and festivities like the Kaamatan
Festival.






The traditional clothing of the
Lotud ethnic group in Tuaran and
Kimaragang in Kota Marudu, for
instance, differs from that of the
Dusun Bundu ethnic group in
Ranau and Liwan in Tambunan.

Every ethnic
group in the
Kadazandusu
n has a distinctive
characteristic..

The attire is categorized according to the age for
the women.

Sinuangga

Blouse with short sleeves or sleeveless and U-neck
usually worn by younger women. Sober embroidery
along the opening for head and arms, and along the
seams at the sides and along the middle of the back:

Hred, yellow and cream cotton yarn.
C H A RSinompukung
Blouse with 3/4
sleeves. No OF

A Cembroidery.

Usually worn
over the sinuangga’ like a jacket

T E R I Swhen the wearer goes out of

the house, such as to visit a friend. Nowadays,

T I C Sthe sinompukung is often embroidered

and worn by middle-aged women as blouse

Traditionalinstead of as a jacket as in the olden days.
foCroWstuommeesnKihongon
Blouse with long sleeves,

worn by elderly women and

female ritual specialists/priestesses Tapi'

or Bobohizan during ceremonies. Long cylindrical wrap-skirt,
formerly of plain black cotton.
The embroidery is similar to tone on the Nowadays often enlivened
with siring: gold trimming,
sinuangga’. Simis

or “Chemise” is a white running over the hips, in

cotton underblouse. front of the skirt, crossed by

Sometimes just a white another band of trimming

kerchief is tucked into from the waist down

the U-neck.

KADAZAN
DUSUN

Accessories

HIMPOGOT

Silver “dollar” belt.
A maximum of three are used depending on
personal wealth, one around the waist and the
other two above and below the tangkong -
tangkong Hip-belt of approximately 84 embossed
brass rings on rattan strings (hindavog).
Three tangkong are worn together, alternately
strung with red (hindagang), black (initom) and
red rattan strings for unmarried girls and all
black for married women.
The string is always “bare” somewhere at the
back to avoid asampon (lack of breathing space).

TININGKOKOS

Brass or silver spiral bracelet
only for aesthetic purposes

SUMMER DECORATIVE
21/22 ACCESSORIES

GOHONG SIMBONG &
HAMAI
Brass or silver bracelet.
Earrings and Necklace for
women
As a decorative element

Limited CUSTOMIZED &
Men'sEdition
CENTRALIZED

Attire

EXCLUSIVE COSTUMES

THE MEN'S ATTIRE INCLUDES 3 BASIC
gGARMENTS :GAUNG, SIGA AND
SOUVA.
IT DIFFERS FROM WOMEN'S ATTIRE IN
TERMS OF HAVING ONE CENTRALIZED
COSTUMES ONLY.

GROUP 3 PRESENT

GAUNG

It is a long-sleeved shirt without
embroidery. Nowadays it is decorated with
gold trimming and gold buttons.

SOUVA

It is a black trousers with wide indigo-blue
waistband. Gold trimming on the seams
along the hips for modern trousers.

SIGA DO'

It is a headcover of handwoven kain dastar made
from feathers of peacocks or turkeys , folded or
twisted in a distinctive ways. There is Tupi’
sinikat ,a circular hat of sturdy string made with
the coil and tie technique to support the siga.

EXCLUSIVE INFORMATION

MEN'S COSTUMES

The jacket and The basic
trousers of material for
Kadazan clothing is black
Penampang commercial
men bear some fabric, silk or
Chinese velvet for
influence. ceremonial
occasions. It is

also made from
cotton for daily

wear.

Kadazan Dusun-
Death Customs

Over time, all living things will pass away. Numerous possible
outcomes could prevent death. A man may live for twenty
years or one hundred years, but no man can live for two
hundred years. Therefore, passing is inevitable for everyone
and is something we cannot avoid.

The Kadazan Dusun have their way of
celebrating death, and religion also
plays a part.

Mount Kinabalu is considered holy
because it became the soul's final
resting place. A phoenix-like bird called
Bugang appeared when someone is on
their deathbed and carried the soul to
Mount Kinabalu.

Mount Kinabalu is believed to have 7
stages and the soul will be cleansed 7
times as it travels all the way to the
peak.

Once at the top, the judgement will
begin. If the soul is a good one then it
will reincarnate as a human contrary to
the evil soul where it will reincarnate as
an animal or ghost that haunts the
mountains

The corpse of the dead is kept MODTUDAU
for 3 days to make way for
family members who lives far
away to come home on time for
the burial. All of the deceased's
items are left next to or the
centre of the coffin. or
sometimes, into a single corner
of the house

Family members arent allowed to
sleep thus gambles such as katam
katam & lap lap fu are often played
during this time. Pets are locked
namely cats because worried that
once the cat jumps over the body, the
dead will come alive with bad
intention and kill all of the family
members that is in the house

Any form of entertainment like watching
television, singing, having fun, and playing
any musical instruments is not allowed and
all the photos in the deceased's will be put
down

momolobong

Depending on the religion,
the body will be prayed for
either in the house or a
church.

Before the body heads to the
burial site, it is
accompanied by gongs to
the beat of Dunsai. The
gong will stop when the
priest prays and will
continue to a different beat,
a pleasant one, named
Sumazau (Tunidy Tafasyi
or Tagung do Tavavasi).
Once the burial is done, a
friend's name will be called
so their conscious won't be
left behind at the burial site.

M Mostly common among the Kadazan Dusun Elder.
O They cry next to the body to show respect and
G grief for the departure and encourage others to
I join in as well.
H
A To show their anger towards the evil spirit for
D causing the family's death, gongs, tajau, and even
the floor is struck.

Back then, the traditional Kadazan house was
elevated above the ground, and relatives would
smash and break the floor until the body of the
deceased fell through. It was decided that the
body's final resting place was wherever it fell. The
practice is descended from an antiquated form of
Mogihad. This ultimately resulted in undesirable
damage to the home and subsequently lost
popularity over time.

th day MOMISOK

. 00 pm The soul, freely roams the living realm for the past 7 days,

didn’t realise that it died and everything to it seems normal thus momisok serves
to tell the soul that it should move on into the next realm because it has passed.

The deceased favourite food is served and everyone gathers in the living room.
Furnitures are moved to the centre because the soul enters on along the walls.

The closest relative is chosen to wait for the deceased at the dinner table, and
another relative would call on them by name to return home.
Additionally, it's possible for the deceased to travel with other deceased family
members or a new friend that they made along the way.

The cries of dogs, noises from lizards or firefly surrounding the house indicates the
soul has arrived. The kitchen door will be dusted with flour all the way to the dining
table and at times, footprint can be seen. It's also done in a completely dark and
silent condition.

Other family members will then deliver their parting remarks, including expressions
of regret and confessions. The lights are turned back on when it's all done.

On the 8th day, and sometimes the 7th, it is M
done by giving away the deceased's possession O
to family members. For its favourite items, some G
are burned and some are buried in a coffin with
the body to be used in the afterlife.

Buffaloes and goats are slaughtered to U
accompany the spirit into the next world G
however on different days. The goat is A
slaughtered during Mogugas and the buffaloe is S
slaughtered before the burial as it is thought of
as a vehicle that helps the spirit into the
afterlife.

POPO
TONG
KIAD/

MO
MO
PUS

The dead's spirit is prevented Mangangkib, another name for it,
from returning to the living means "to give" in English is carried
realm by performing a ritual in out. In the case of a farmer, a member
order to prevent disaster. of the immediate family goes to the
The ritual varies depending on deceased's paddy field to donate the
who passed away. land and crops to the spirit of the
person to take with them into the
If it was a child, the ritual had to afterlife.
be performed to the parents.
The Tababasan do Sunsuion, or "to
And the widow is required to break the bridge," ritual is carried out
undergo the ritual if they were on the same day in order to destroy the
married. spiritual connection between the world
of the living and the world of the dead.

KADAZANDUSUN

DELICACIES

DUSUN DELICACIES

Who doesn’t like
the opportunity to

sample ethnic
food and

delicacies? The
Harvest Festival
in Sabah provides

a selection of
dishes with
recipes passed
down generations.

Rice wine at
Harvest

RICE WINE

Rice plays a central role in the
Harvest Festival. As the day
progresses, more people will
share their homemade rice wine
known locally as tapai.

Traditionally, large ceramic jars
of tapai cover long communal
tables and people go around
drinking each through a bamboo
straw. Dispense the sweet
alcoholic drink from a bamboo
container into a bamboo glass.
Some of the village elders will sit
around the tables in the ethnic
houses with their own
homebrewed jars infused with
coconut flesh. Kadazan-Dusun
hospitality and the spirit of
Kaamatan welcomes everyone
and especially tourists to taste the
wine.

HINAVA It meawnsitahoduisthustihngatfiirsec.ooked

By now , most would know that Sabah is
famous for its unique and delicious cuisine.

Made from unique array of ingredients
consisting of fresh fish , lime juice, bird's eye
chilli, and bitter gourd , Hinava is a dish that
packs a flavourful punch. If you find it
challenging to visualise what this dish is
exactly, you can think of it as something akin to
a raw fish salad

Hinava, a type
of raw fish
sharing
similarities

with Japanese
sashimi.
Villagers

marinate the
fish in lime
juice to kill the
bacteria and
infuse a tangy

taste

SAGO
WORM

Sago worms are grown in the
fallen tropical palm tree
trunk.They can be eaten raw
but best served in fried. To
eat a raw Sago worm, you
must hold the worm's head,
bite it's body off and the head
can be discarded. When
chewing this little insect you
will feel like toffees melting
in your mouth, and taste is
creamy and rich of protein

Ambuyat is the AMBUYAT
extremely sticky dish.
made with sago palm

tree starch that gets
cooked into a substance

similar to glue. It is
typically eaten for
lunch with a fermented
sour sauce and a
variety of vegetables
on the side and also eat
with Pinaasakan

Ambuyat is
traditionally prepared
for special occasions
where it serves as a

substitute for rice .

CONCLUSION

TO SUMMARISE, THE KADAZAN AND
THE DUSUN ARE THE TWO MOST

MAJOR INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES IN
SABAH, MALAYSIA, AND TOGETHER
THEY MAKE UP THE ETHNIC GROUP
KNOWN AS KADAZAN-DUSUN
(OCCASIONALLY WRITTEN
KADAZANDUSUN).
THIS ETHNIC GROUP HAS ITS OWN
DISTINCTIVE CULTURE, TRADITIONS,
FOOD, ARCHITECTURE, FESTIVALS,
AND ART. NOWADAYS, ANIMISM IS
STILL PRACTISED AMONG THE
KADAZAN-DUSUN ETHNIC GROUP.
THEY BELIEVE THAT EVERYTHING,
INCLUDING ROCKS, TREES, RIVERS,

AND OTHER NATURAL OCCURRENCES,
ARE ALIVE AND ENDOWED WITH A
SOUL AND SPIRIT.