Basic 1 - American English File 1 - Student Book

SECOND EDITION

Online Proctice

Christina Latham-Koenig
Clive Oxenden

Paul Seligson

OXFORD

Christina Latham-Koenig
Clive Oxenden

Paul Seligson

PaulSeligson and Clive Oxenden are the original co-authors of OXFORD
English File 1 and English File 2
VN I VE R $ I TY PRE SS

Contents

Grammar Vocabulary Pronunciation

4 A My name's Hannah, not Anna verb be ffi subj ect pronouns: days of the week, numbers 0- 20. vowe l sounds, word
6 B AII ayer the world " you, etc. greetings
the world, numbers 21-100 stress
rnverb be and G
classroom language 1"', 1<)1, 1)1, Id.y;
e8 Open your books, please possessive adjectives:
my, your, etc. sentence stress

/001, lul, lar/; the
alphabet

10 PRACTICAl ENGllSH Episode 1 Arriving in Landan

12 A A writer's room al an, plura ls; things final -s and -es; th
14 B Stars and 5tripes this / that / these / those
adj e ctives colors, adjectives, modifiers: long and short vowel
e16 After 300 metres, turn right veryl really sounds
impera ti ve s , l e t ' s feelings understanding
connected speech

18

20 A Things I love about the US simple present (±] and G verb phrases third person -5
jobs I¡nl
22 B Work and play msimple present question words sentence stress

e24 Meeting online word arder in questions

26 PRACTICAl. ENGl.ISH Episode 2 At a coffee shop

28 A Is she his wife or his sister? Whose... ?, possessive '5 family lA!, the let ter o
30 B What a life!
prepositions of t ime (at, in, on) and everydayactivities linking and sentence
e32 Short life, long life? place (at, in, to) stress

34 posit ion of adverbs and adverbs and expressions of the letter h
expressions of frequency frequency

36 can / can't verb phrases: buya newspaper, etc . sentence stress

38 B Love your neighbours present cont inuous verb phrases 1')1

e40 Sun and the City simple present or present the weather and seasons places in New York
con t i nuous? City

42 PRACTICAl. ENGl.ISH Episode 3 In a clothing store

44 A Reading in English object pronouns: me, you, him, etc . phone language lau, lil, and /./
46 B Times we love
like + (verb + -ing) the date; ordinal numbers consonant clusters;
e48 Music is changing their lives saying the date
review: be or do? muslc
50 REVISE ANO CHECK 5&6 Iyl

2

Grammar Vocabulary Pronunciation

S2 A At the National Portrait Gallery simple past of be: was l were ward farmatian: paint ) painter sentence stress
-edendings
54 B Chelsea girls simple past: regular verbs past time expressions sentence stress
simple past : irregular ve rbs go, have, get
e56 A night to remember

58 PRACTICAL ENGLlSH Episode 4 Getting last

60 A A murder story simple past: regula r and irregu lar irregular verbs simple past verbs
62 B A house with a history
there ¡51 there are, some / any + the house In l and IIr/, sentence
e64 A night in a haunted hotel plural nouns stress

66 there was / there were prepos itions: place and movement silent letters

68 A What late yesterday counta ble / uncountable nouns; food the letters ea
al an, somel any food containers Ifl and IsI
high numbers !;}r/, sentence stress
70 B White gold Quant ifiers: how much /
how many, a lot of, etc.
e12 Quiz night
comparative adjectives

74 PRACTICAL ENGLlSH Episode 5 At a restaurant

76 A The most dangerous road ... superlative adjectives places and buildings consonant groups
78 B CouchSurf round the world! vacations sentence stress
be going tD (plans), future t ime
e80 what's going to happen? expressions verb phrases the letters 00

82 be going tD (predictions)

84 A First impressions adverbs (manner and modifiers) camman adverbs ward stress
verbs that take t he infinitive sentence stress
86 B What do you want to do? ve rbs + infinitive the Internet word stress

e88 Men, women, and the Internet artides

90 PRACTICAL ENGLlSH Episode 6 Going home

92 A Books and movies present perfect irregular past participles sentence stress
94 B I've never been therel present perfect or simple past? more irregular past participles irregular past participles
review: question formation review : ward groups review: saunds
e96 The American English File
124 Grammar Bank 155 Irregular verbs
questionnaire 148 Vocabulary Bank 156 Sound Bank
98 REVISE ANO CHECK 11&12

100 Communication
111 Writing
116 Listening

3

G verb be I±I, subject pronouns: /, you, etc. Hi, I'm Mike.
V days of the week, numbers 0-20, greetings What's your name?
P vowel s ounds, word stress

1 LlSTENING & SPEAKING

a 2) ) Look at rhe pictures. Li sren a nd number t hem 1- 4.

b Li sren again and complere rh e blanks. e Fill in rh e blanks w irh a word from rhe li sr.

1 A Hi, I'm Mike. What's your 1 ? Fine Hi I'm... Thanks Bye
B Hannah.
A2 ? Hello= _ __
B Hannah! My name's... = ___
Very well = _ __
2 A What's you r phone 3 ? Thank yOl! = _ __

B 1\'5212-555-7894. Goodbye =_ __

A 4 . See you on Saturday. Bye. d 3)) Lisren and repear sorne phrases from rhe dialogue.
Co py rhe rh,)érh m.
B Goodbye.
e 4 )) In groups of rhree, pracrice rhe dialogu es \Virh rhe
3 A5 , Mom. This is Hannah. sound effec rs. C h a nge roles.

B 6 . Nice to meet you. f Introdu ce yourself ro orher srudenrs.

e Nice to 7 you, Anna. Helio, /'m Antonio,- ')

B 8 name's Hannah. What's your n~ 0 r1a. Niee to meet you.

e Sorry, Hannah.

4 A H1', 9 . You're early!

B Helio, Mrs . Archer. How are 10 ?

e I'm very we ll, 11 you, Anna. And you?

B 12 , thanks.

A It's Hannah, Mom.

2 GRAMMAR verb be El, subject pronouns 4 VOCABULARV
days of the week, numbers 0-20
a Complete the sentences \V irh are, is, or amo

l 'mMike. = M ike.
My name's Hannah. = Myname Hannah.
You're early. = You
= lt e a r l y.
It 's 212-555-7894. 212-555-7894.

>-b p.124 Grarnmar Bank lA. Learn more abour che verb

be [±] and subject pronou ns, and pracrice (h em.

e 6»)) Listen and repear rhe pronouns and contractions.
d 7 ))) Li sten. Say rh e contract io n. l)) Iam ~m

e In pairs, try ro remember rhe names in you r class.
Say H e's / Slte's _ __

f Stand up and speak to other srudems.
0 ne,Hi, Carla. How are YD~
thanks. And yau?

3 PRONUNCIATION
vowel sounds, word stress

a 81)) Listen and repear rhe words and sound s. a Look at the picru re. Ca n you rememb er what M ike and
Hannah say?
cpi jlffo "~ &l}
>b p.148 Vocabulary Bank Days and numbers. Do
D.eI
parrs 1 a nd 2.
fish free ca' egg trai n bike
e 112 )) Liste n and say the next day or numb er.
i, he am very rhey I
l») Monday. Tuesday 0 edneSday
ch is \Ve thanks well nam e H i
d W hat's your phone number? Whar day is ir roday?
meee Bye And tomorrow?

>-b p.166 Sound Bank. Look ar rhe example words and 5 L1STENING & SPEAKING

spellings for rhe sound s in a. a 113 ») Listen. Where are they? Wr ite 1- 6 in the boxes.

P Word stress
Multi-syllable words have one stressed syllable.

sorrly goodlbye Salru ,lday o airport

Gatenumber ____

e 9l») Liste n and underline rh e stressed syllable in O sandwich bar do llar s cents
rh ese words.
D hotel Room _ __
airlport com lpult er elmail ka l,alte
holtel mulselum sallad telnnis O museum C losed on _ _ __
paslt a Inlter lnet baslketlball sand lwich
D taxi ____ Manchester Road

D school Classes on ____ and _ _ __

d \Vrite the words from e in the charro b Listen aga in. Write a number or a day in eaeh blank.
food te chnology sports
places e 14 l») Listen and respondo
l») Helio. Mee to meet you. 0 iee to meet you.

e In pairs, write more words that you know in each
column. How do you pronounce rhem?

Online Practice

G verb be III and B Where are
you from?
V the world, numbers 21-100

P 101, ItJI, IJI,Id:,!; sentenee stress

1 VOCABULARY the world I Where are these capital cities? ¿
a Lima ¡
a Can you nam e rhree coumries in English? b Hanoi
e Dublin ,,I.
b »p.149 Voeabulary Bank The world. d Ankara
e Tehran
e 17 ») Liste n. Say rhe narionality.
2 What country is the money from?
l») Mexico 0 exican a the daLLar
b the yuan
d In pairs, do rhe quiz. e the roub Le
d the pound
P Useful phrases e the yen

I think ¡t's in Vietnam.
I think ¡t's Japanese, but I'm not sure.

THE

2 PRONUNCIATION 101, ItJI, IJI, Id:,! 3 What country is the food from?
a tapas
p The IdI sound b kimchi
c pasca
The /~ sound is the most common vowel d tocos

sound in Engli sh. The /;}! sound has many What nationality are the flags?

different spellings, e.g., Helio, Canada, Britain .4 aOOb

a 20» ) Listen and rep ear rh e words and =lBe

sounds. d

~ compurer American Argenrinian
Korea Peru

b 21 ») Listen and repeat the sound pictures 5 1 18 »)) What national anthem
and senrences. Practice with a parr ner. is it? Write the nationality.
ae
1 ~ Chess C harles is Chinese, llot bd
French .
W2 shower 6 1 19 »)) What language is it?
She's Turk ish or Write a-d in the boxes.
Ru ssian. I'm nor sure. O DTurkish
Russian

3 '~¡azz D OChinese Spanish

\Ve're German and P Languages
chey're Japanese. The word for a language is usually t he same as the
nationality adjective, e.g., in Japan the language is Japanese.
e »p.166 Sound Bank. Look at rhe example
words and spellings for che sounds in a and b.

3 GRAMMAR verb be C!J and El 4 PRONUNCIATION & SPEAKING

a 22 )) Cover che d ia logues. Listen ro rh ree interviews sentence stress
in New York C iry. W h ich count ries are che people from?
p Sentence stress
bRead che d ialogues. Com plete them w it h I'm, I'm flOt,
are, aren't, is, or isn't. In sentences, we stress the important words.

1 A Are yau Mexican? W he re's she f r Oln? She's from C hina .

B No, Mexican. a 1 25 ))) Listen and repea t. Copy the rhy th m.

____ Arge ntinian. 1 A Where are you from?

A Whe re --cc---=c-- yau f rom B I'm from B o sto n .
2 A AreyouA m erica n?
in Arge ntina?
B No, ['m no t o['mA ust ralian.
B from Córdoba.
b Pract ice the d ia logues in 3 with a pa rt ner.
2 A Whe re you
from? >-e Communication Where are they from?

B from Australia, A p .lOO B p.103.
from Darwin.
d Ask peop le in t he class Where areyoufrom?
A Whe re's Darwin?
it near Sydney? 5 VOCABULARV numbers 21-100

B No, jt . It's in the a Look at the signs. Ca n you
north. say the numbers?

L O 10

A it nice?

B Yes, it . It's
beautiful.

3 A Where ____ you >-b p.148 VocabuLary Bank Days and
from?
numbers. Do part 3.
B We're f rom Columbus, Ohia,
in t he USo e 127 »)) Listen and w rite the numbers.

A _ _ _c- You on d Write ten numbers from 21- 100.
D ictate them ro a partner.
vacaban?
6 LlSTENING
e No, we , -_ _ _' We're

students.

e Listen a nd check. a 1 28 »)) Listen and repeat the pai rs
of numbers. W hat's t he differe nce?
>-d p.124 Grammar Bank lB. Leam more abour
1 a 13 b 30 5 a 17 b 70
rhe verb be [1J and B, and pracr ice it. 2 a 14 b 40 6 a 18 b 80
3 a 15 b 50 7 a 19 b 90
4 a 16 b 60
e 24 ») Listen a nd respon d \V irh a short answe r.
0 0,») 15 Sydney the capital of Australia?
it isn't. b 29 ))) Wh ich number do you hear?
Listen and @ ao r b aboye.

f With a partner, write th ree questions begin nin g ls...? e Play Bi"80'
or Are. ..? Ask them ro another pairo

7 1 30 ))) SONG All Over the World .n

Online Practice

G possessive adjectives: my, your, etc. How do you speU
your tast name?
V classroom tanguage

P lou!, lul, lar/; the alphabet

1 VOCABULARY

classroom language

a Look at the picture oE a classroom.

Match the words and pictures.

D board Ibordl
D chaír ItJnl
O comp-y-fer /bm'pyul3r/
D desk Idcskl
D door /dorl
D pkture /'PlktJar/

rn rabie I'tclbll

O wal( /w'Jl l

O window /'wmdoo/

b 31») Listen and check.

e ~ p.150 Vocabulary Bank

Classroom language.

d 34 »)) Listen and follow the insrructions.

2 PRONUNCIATION e 37 »)) Complete the alphabet chan wírh B, C , D, K, M, N, 0 , S,
T, U, V, W. Listen and check.
lou!, lul, lar/; the alphabet
j"<:o
a 35»)) Listen and repeat the words and ~ &é ~ ~ ~
sounds. 00

~ phone close kn ow trai n free egg bike phone boa t car

A -- F I -- Q R
H L Y --
~ baot sehaol do -- --
¡ --
-- --
--
E --
~ car partner are G
P X

--

b 36 »)) Look at these common --
abbreviations. C an you say any of them in Z
English? Listen and check.
d 38»)) Listen and ~ the letter you hear.
OK CNN MTV
l EA l 2G) 3KQ 4 CS
BBC USB DVD 5 VPB 6 MN 7 VW 8 UY

BMW ATM e Practice saying the phrases belo\V \Vith abbreviations. ~ PC

a Personal Computer a Very Important Person
the United Kingdol11 rhe United States
a Sport Utility Vehicle a Portable Document Formar
a Disc Jockey the National Basketball Association

3 LlSTENING & SPEAKING b 1 40 ))) Listen. Complete ch e receptionisr's
quesrions.
a 39))) A student goes ro the US to study English. Listen ro ch e
interview and complete her formo 1 \Vhat'syour ____ oame?

2 your ¡ast name?

(cD:'-===='----_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~ ,3 do yOll spell ir?

rr 4 W here are you

First name 5 old are you?
Last name
6 your address?

7 your zip cade?

8 \Vhat's your address?

Country 9 What's your ?

City e Listen aga in and repea r rhe quesrions. .c&py

the rhythm.

Age d Ask your partner rhe questions. Write clown
hi s or her answers.
Address Ave nida Princesa Isabel
p Spelling: email addresses

@=at .=dot

Zip code

Email (dbeze [email protected] 4 GRAMMAR possesslve

Phonenumber L(5~5_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~ adjectives: my, your, etc.

Cell phone number (L___________~ a Complete rhe sentences wirh /,YOII, my,
or your.

Whereare ____ from?

____'m from Rio.

2 Whac's name?

____ name's Darly.

b ~ p.124 Grammar Bank 1C. Leam mo re
abour possessive adjectives and practice them.

e 1 42 })) Listen. Change the sentences.
0})) I'm Richard.
y name's Richard.

5 SPEAKING

~ Communication What's his / her real
name? A p.IOO B p.I03. Find o ut if so rn e
acto rs' and sin gers' names are thei r rea l
names or noto

6 WRITING

~ p.111 Writing Completing a form.
Complete an application for a student v isa
and wriee a paragraph aboue yo u.

Online Practice

Arriving in London

1 VOCABULARY in a hotel 3 !E~ CHECKING IN

a Ma tch rhe \Vo rd s a nd sy mhols. a 45 »)) Warch a f li sten [Q Jenny ch eck in g inco a hore l room .
Answer rhe questions.
D rece pt io n In'scpJnl
D rhe .e.levator I'd~veltar/ 1 Complete Jcuuy's la st name: Z l_ Ll_ SK_ .
D a .single roo m 1'510g1 ruml 2 W hat's her roo m Ilumber?
D a double room l'dAbl rom!
D rhe fi rsr fl oor /fdrst fbrl b Watch Of listen aga in. Co mplete the You Hear phrases.

(second, [h ird , etc.) Ol) You Hear You Say
b 43})) Listen and ch eck.
Good evening, madam. HelIo. I have a reservatian.
2 ~ INTRODUCTION My name's Jennifer Zielinski.

a 44 »)) Watch or li ste n ro Je nny a nd Rob. Can you t hat, please? Z-I-E-L-I-N-S-K-I.
Ma rk the sentenees T (true) or F (false).
1 Rob lives and works in London. For five nights? Ves, that's right.
2 He's a w riter fOf a magaz ine.
3 T he name of hi s magazine is London Can I have your passport, please? Just a second...Here you are.
20seven.
4 Jenny is Brirish. Thank you. Can you sign
5 She's an assistant editor.
6 Ir 's her second rime in rhe U K. here, ? Thank you.

b Watch a f liste n aga in. Say why rhe F Here's your _ __ The lift? Oh, t he elevator.
sentences are falseo It's roo m 306 , on the thi rd floar.

The is over there.

Yeso Enjoy your stay, Ms. Zielinski. Thank yau .

p American and British English

elevatar = American English lift = British English
z = lziJ in American EngUsh, Izcdl in British English

Greet ings
Good morning = > 12:00 p.m . Good afternoon = 12:00 p.m. > 6:00 p.m.

Good evening = 6:00 p.m. > Good night = Gaadbye (when yau ga to bed)
Madam :::: a poUte way to greet a woman

=Sir a polite way t o greet aman

e 46 l) Watch or listen and repea r the You S ay ph rases.
Copy the ~thm.

4 !E~ JENNY TALKS TO ROS

a 48 »)) Watch or listen and mark
the sentences T (true) Ot F (false).

1 Jenny has a coffee.
2 She is in London on business.
3 The wa itress is Ge rman.
4 Jenny ca ll s Rob Walker.
5 Jenny is tired .
6 T heir meeting is ar 10:00.

d Practice the dialogue with a partner. b Watch or listen again. Say why the F sentences are falseo

e Work in pairs. Read your role and look at rhe e 149 ») Read the information in the box. Listen and repeat the
dialogue in 3b. What do yo u need ro change?
WOllldYOlll ike ...? phrases and the responses. Practice offerin g
A (book open) You are the receptionist.lt's drinks and respond ing.
11 :00 a.m. B's room is 207 on the second
l :J Would you like...? Ves, please.
flo or. Begin \Vith Good Itlomilt{j sir I madam. No, thanks.
Would you like a coffee?
B (bookclosed) You arr ive at the hotel. Use
your first name and las[ name. Would you like another tea?

f _ Role-play the dialogue. Then change roles. We use Would you like...? to affer somebady samethi ng.
We respond Ves, please or No, thanks.
g 47 »)) Look at rh e information in the box.
Li sten and repeat the Call . ..? phrases. d Look at the Social E nglish phrases. Who says them: Jenny,
R ob, or rhe wairress?
p =Can you... ? Please do it
Social English phrases This is [Rob. Rob Walker] .
Can you sign here? That's perfect.
Can you spell that? I'm here [on business]. It's t ime for bed.
I'm from [New York]. What about you?
Can I have...? = Please give me (your passport, No problem.
Is that [Jennifer]?
etc.)
Can I have your passport, please?
Can I have my key, please?

h You are in a hotel. How do you ask the
recepcionist [Q give you ... ?

• your key • your passport
• a map of London • a pen

e 1 SO l)) Watch or li sten and check. Do you know what rhey are in
you r language?

f Watch or li sten again and repea r the phrases.

¡¡ Can you...?
D check into a hotel and spell your name
D ask somebody to do something / t o give you something
D offer somebody a drink, and accept or refuse

Online Practice

G al an, plurals; this l thatl these l those What's this
in English?
V things
P final-s and -es; th It's a key.

1 VOCABULARY things

a Look ar a photo ofRoa ld Dahl,
(h e aucha r of m any famolls ch ild ren's
books and stories fUf ad ults.
Do you kno\V any of hi s books?

b Look at (he photo of hi s roo m.

Check (.1) or put an X nexr ro che

rhings you can see in rhe picru re.
Do you think rhe room is neat ?

D a rab ie
D alamp
D acomputer
D achair
D pencils
D phoros
D awindow
D a printer

D aphone

D pieces oE paper

c ~ p.151 Vocabulary Bank Things.

2 GRAMMAR a / an, plurals 3 PRONUNCIATION final -s and -es

a Complete [he chan. a 1 53 ))) Listen and repear (he words and sounds.

Singular Plu ral ~ snake book s lamps tickets
zebra phoros keys pens
"1{ 1,;apen pens ~
umbreUa
j¡z) glasses watch es purses

0"0 watches b 1 54 ))) Read rhe rule. ~ (he word s where -es is

dictionaries pronounced 1Iz!. Listen~heck.

b ~ p.126 Grammar Bank 2A part lo P F.inal -es
Final-es after ce, eh, sh, s, ge, and x = lizJ, e.g., watches,
ILearn more abour a an and plurals. and pracr ice rhem. glasses, change purses

1 classes 3 headphones 5 pieces 7 pages

2 fil es 4 boxe s 6 rissues 8 chairs

4 LlSTENING & SPEAKING 6 PRONUNCIATION th

a ~ Communication What's on the table? p.lOO. a 58 l») Lisren and repear rhe word s and sound s.

b 55 »)) Li sten ro rhree people say what ~ morh er rh is rh ar rhese rhe rh ey
rhings rh ey have 0 11 che rabie or desk where
[h ey \Vork. Are ehei r rabies neae? & thumb

e Listen again and check (/') rhe rhings (hey have. th anks thing thirty three Thursday

a computer / a laptop 12 3 b 159 ») Li sten and repear the phrases . Practice say in g rhem.

a printer DDD 1 t his Thursday
DDD 2 th irey- rh ree
a lamp DDD 3 rhose rh ings
DDD 4 Thanksfor that.
a phone DDD 5 These are the keys.
books DDD 6 Whar are rhose rh in gs rhere?
a dictionary DDD 7 l'm thirty- three this Thursday.
a ca lendar DDD
photos DDD e Work in pairs. Pu r fourofyour rhings o n your rabie (s ingular or
pieces of paper DDD
pens DDD plural). As k your parrner.
DVDs DDD
tissues For rhe rhings on yo ur rabIe:
0 'sWhat's this in EngliS~
d Ta lk to a panner abour rhe rabI e where yau a watch.
work or study. Say what rhin gs yau have. Say
i f che rabI e is neae o r nor. For thin gs in the cl assroom (point) :

0 ave a Japtop and a printer. I have... It isn't neat. What are those in EngliS~ 0 heY're pictures.

e Play What is ir? \V irh your partner. A clase
your eyes. B give rhings ro yOllf partner and
ask What is ir? What are they?

5 GRAMMAR 1 What's this? 2 What are these?
It's _ _ _ _ _ _ They 're _ _.
this / that / these / those

a 56 »)) Look at pictures 1- 4 and complete
rhe dialogues. Listen and check. Pract ice rhe
dialogues.

bRead the dialogues again. What's the
difference between... ?

1 this and these
2 this and that
3 these a ud titase

e ~ p.126 Grammar Bank 2A part 2.

Learn more abou r tlús f that f these f titase

and pract ice them .

3 What's that? 4 What are those?
It's _ _ __ They're _ _.

Online Practice

G adjectives
V colors, adjectives, modifiers: very / really

P long and short vowel sounds

1 VOCABULARY colors, adjectives, part 1

a W har colo r is the American flag? Write the

mi ssin g lette rs.

mIt's r_ d, í=

and bl__

b Compl ere the orher colors.

bl_ ck y_ ll_ w gr y p_ nk
r ng br_ wn gr n

e Pracrice w irh [he f lags. As k and answer.

0 hat color is it? II

d W hat color is yOltr flag? U
e ~ p.152 Vocabulary Bank Adjectives.

Do part 1.

2 GRAMMAR adjectives

a W hat are th ey? Label the pie tu res in th e
US quiz usin g an adjective and a no un
from each cirele.

Adjectives Nouns

nice yellow food House
AmefteaR New school Air{iRe5

fast White taxis Jeans
blue high day York

b 62 )) Listen and check. 8 th e
correct rule.

• Adjectives go before Iafter a 1l0Ull.
• Adjecr ives c!tafigc Idon't chaugc

before a plura l 1l0U Il .

e .... p.126 Grammar Bank 28. Learn more
about adjecrives and practice them.

d Cover rhe the picrures. Can you remember 6a
the eighr phrases?

3 PRONUNCIATION 4 VOCABULARV adjectives part 2
long and short vowel sounds
a . . p.152 Vocabulary Bank Adjectives. Do part 2.
a 64 »)) Listen and repear rhe words
and sound s. b Work in pairs. A say an adjective. B saya famous persono

I cp -'.~,t ShO~ ~om Cruise
\\ ',"
5 READING
fish tree d ock
a Read the descriptions and look at the photos.
Who are the t\Vo people?

~c::O ~ I III
saw bull bODe
Who are they?
b Match an adj ecr ive from cirele A \Virh an
adjective fro m cirele B w irh rhe same vowel He's a famous American actor.
sound. Write rhem in rh e chart. He's tall and he's very attractive.
He has long hair and brown eyes.
A B I think he's about 50.

blue full cheap big She's a very beauti!ul actress.
easy rich ca lm wrong She's short and slim, and
5mall hot new good she has long dark hair. She's a
Hollywood star, but she isn't
American, she's Spanish.

c 65 »)) Listen and check bRead rhem agai n. Guess rhe meaning of rhe highUghred word s.

d .. p.166 Sound Bank. Look at the typical 6 WRITING & SPEAKING
spellings for rhese sounds.
a T hink of a famous person from any country in rhe world. Use rhe
e Adjectiverace In pairs, in rhree minutes jobs in rhe box te help you.
make phrases \Virh an adjecrive and a noun
actor / actress musician politician
\Virh rhe same vowel sound. Use a Imt \Virh singer sportsman / sportswoman TV host

sin gular nouns.

Adjectives Nouns b Wrire a sho rr description of rhe person oGive ir ro your partner.
Ca n he , she guess who ie is?
old new book boots
gray long jeans photo e Play Gu ess titefamolls p erso no
black good
big cheap day fish

song cat

A rhink of a famous actor Iacrress.

Anoldpho ~ B ask ten queseions using Is. .. ? Try to guess th e actor I aceress.
0Is it aman or a woma~
f 66 »)) Listen and check. Pracrice saying woman.
rhe phrases.
Is she America~ 0 es, she is.

Online Practice

G imperatives, let's Please
V feelings slow down!
P understanding conne cted spee ch

1 VOCABULARY feelings 2 LlSTENING & READING

a Match the wo rds and pictures. a 1 69 »)) T h e Ca rter family is o n vacation. Look at the ri ctures.
Listen and numb er them 1- 5 .

D hungry D sad D bored t
D thirsty
D hut D happy
D angry rnD cold D stressed
D tired wo r r ie d

p Collocation
Use be + hungry, thirsty, hot, etc.,
e.g., /'m very hungry.
NOT I have very hungry.

b 68 »)) Listen and check. Repeat the phrases.

e Cover th e words and ¡ook at th e pi ct u res.
Make [±] and El se nte nces about h ow you fee!
and tel] your partn er.

Cj'm really hungry.
I'm very tired.
/'m not hoto

b Listen again and read . Try ro guess what the 3 GRAMMAR imperatives, let's
h igh li gh red phrases mean.
a Look ar rhe highlighted phrases in 2b. Then complete the chart.
1 GPS
Imperatives
Mom
[±J Turn right! here!
Dad Don't w orry You know I'm a good
El right! Don't park here!
driver.
Suggestions
Mom Be careful!
stop at that serv ice st ation.
2 Suzy Dad, this music is terrible.
Come on. Let's
Can yau turn it off?
>-b p.126 Grarnrnar Bank 2e. Learn more about imperatives and
Dad OK.
Tim Dad, I'm rea lly hoto Turn the air let's, and pracrice rhem.

conditioning on, please. e Look ar rhe picrures in 2 and cover the dialogues. Can you
remember rh e imperar ives and suggestions wirh each pi crure?
Dad Are yau hot, Suzy?
d Whar do rh e signs mean? Use a verb phrase from rhe list in a
Suzy No, I'm ccld. [±J o r El imp erative.

Mom Open your window, Tim. be careful cross the road now go in here
smoke here listen to music here take photos
3 Suzy I'm thirsty. Where's the water? turn left turn off your phone eat or drink here

Mom Here yau are. ( 1 Turn
~eft
Tim I'm hungry. Can we stop soan?
[jJ
Mom Let's stop at that service station.
Dad OK. e Cove r rhe lisr and look at rhe pictures. Can you remember
rhe ph rases?
4 Tim Give me my ¡Podo
4 PRONUNCIATION
Suzy This is my iPod! understanding connected speech
Dad Be quiet!
p Connected speech
Tim Are we there yet? I'm bored .
When people speak, they don't usually separate all the words. For
Dad It's not far now. Only 15 miles . example, if a word ends with a consonant and the next word begins
with a vowel, they jo in them together, e.g ., Turn....,.off the music.
Tim Can yau turn the radio on please,
a 72 l)) Listen and write six sentences.
Mom?
Mom OK. b Practice saying the sentences.
Dad Oh, no!

5 Suzy Where are we?
Dad We're here. At the hotel.

Tim Great!

Mom Don't park here. Look at that sign o

No parking.

Dad Don't warry. It's OK. Come an.
Let's go.

e 70 l)) Listen to the end of the story. What
are rhe two pro bl ems rhe fa mily has?

5 SPEAKING

> Communication What's the matter? A p.lOl Bp.106.

Role-play dialogues.

n6 1 73 ))) SONG Please Don't Go

Online Practice

GRAMMAR VOCABULARY

@ a,b,orc. a Complete with at,from, in, off, or too

1 Hello. ___ yourname? 1 I'm Japan.

a Whar b What are c \Vhar's 2 Niee meer yotl.

2 Maria is Mex iean. ___ a srudent. 3 \Vhat's bOlyour English?

a She's b He's e !t's 4 Look rhe board.

3 A Where from? 5 Please tum your eell phone.

B He's fro111 Turkey. b Complete the phrases wirh rhese verbs.

a he is b is c is he

4 T hey South Korean. T hey're Answer Stand Open Read Work

Viernamese. l ___ rhe text. 4 ___ the door.
5 the quesrions.
a isn't b aren'r c nor are 2 in pairs.

5 A Are you froJ11 Paris? 3 = __ up.
B Yes, ___.

a lam b I'm cIare e@ rhewordthati sd iffe re nt.
gone rhree
6 She's Brazilian. name's Daniela. five
file
a His b Her e Your 1 eighr rwo seven Iran
Franee
7 We're from rhe USo last name is 2 Brazil Ch in ese Pe r u Eu rope
eighty
Preston. 3 Spanish Italian Japanese Monday
se lsso rs
a Your b Their e Our 4 Afri ea As ia Ireland sehool
magaz llle
8 A What are rhey? 5 sixreen forry ninery sr ressed
B They're _ __
6 Wednesday ItaIy Friday

a warches b a wateh e warehs 7 glasses change purse headphones

9 A Whar is it? 8 door window wall
B It's _ __
9 waller newspaper book

a a umbrella 10 happy tired angry
b an umbre lla
c umbrella d Wrire the opposire adjecrive.
10 Look atthose _ __
1 good 4 tal!
a womans b women c womens 2 expenslve 5 empry
3 dirty
11 A What are in English?

B They're keys.

a that b rhis c rhese PRONUNCIATION
a ~ the word with a differem saund.
12 These are very

a difficulr exercises

b exereises di fficu lr l' A B eD

e difficults exerc ises

13 ca reful! Thar dog's dangerous. 2 &e Hi d ay my n iee
warches boxes files glasses
a Are b Beyou e Be 3 !lzJ Japan German good page
dangerous stamps bad laptop
14 Please in rhe li bra ry. 4~

a nor eat b don't ear c no ear 5~

15 I'm hun gry. stop ar rhe cafe.

a Ler's b We e Don'r

b Und erlin e rhe srressed syllable.
1 a~ ddress 2 IltaIJy 3 ex penjsive 4 newslpa per 5 rhirlreen

CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THIS TEXT? ... CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THESE

a Read rhe anide once. Do you kno\V any more \Vords VIDEO
rhar are British English, not American English?
PEOPLE?
American and British English-
1 74})) On the street Warch oc li sten ro five people
the same, but different and answer rhe quesrions.

American and British people speak the same 1 Her llame is
language-English, but with some small differences.
a Jenna b Jeana c Jeanna
VOCABULARY
2 Andy 's from Newcastle in rhe ofEngland.
Sorne words are different in British English, far example,
British people say postcode, not z.ip eode, holiday, not vacation, a norrheasr b norrhwesr c sourheasr
and mobile phone, not cell phone. Sorne words have different
3 David is
meanings, far example in American English, a purse is a
woman's bago In British English, a purse is a small thing (like a a Canadian b French e Spanish

wallet) where women have their money and credit cards. 4 Her name is

SPELLING a Elisa b ElIie c Elise
ColorJovor, and other words that end in -or in American
English end with -our in British English, e.g., colour,favour. S Tiffany is

Center, theater, and other words that end in -ter in American a German b Brazilian c Russian
English end with -tre in British English, e.g., centre, theatre.
CAN YOU SAY THIS IN ENGLlSH?
GRAMMAR
Do rhe rasks with a parrnee. C heck (J') rhe hox if you
British grammar is very similar to American grammar,
but with some small differences, especialLy prepositions. can do them.
For example, British people say 5ee you on Friday, but
Americans say See you Friday. Canyou...?

PRONUNCIATION O1 count from 0- 20
O2 COllnt from 20- 100 (20, 30, etc.)
The most important difference between American and O3 saythe daysofrheweek
British English is pronunciation. American accents and O4 give rhree insrrucrions: rwo [±]and one EJ
British accents are very different, and when a British person
starts speaking, American people know he or she is British, O5 inrroduce yourself and anorher person
and vice versa. O6 answer rhe questions below

b Look at [he highlighred \Vords in the text and guess • Whar's your firsr nameflasr name?
their meaning.
... • How do you spell ir?
cRead rhe anide again. Mark rhe sentences T (rrue) • Where are you from?
or F (false).
Short movies Hollywood, los Angeles
1 American English and British English are
very differenr. VIDEO Watch and enjoy the movie.

2 Holiday and postcode are rhe same in Brirish
and American English.

3 Pllrse has differenr meanings in Ameri can and
Brirish English.

4 NeiBhbor is Brirish spelling.
5 Brirish and American grammar are nor very differenr.
6 Ir's difficult to know from their accenr if a person is

British oc American.

Online Practice

Communication

lB WHERE ARE THEY FROM? le WHAT'S HIS/ HER REAL NAME? Student A

Student A a Look at rhe names of yOllr fO UT peopl e. Two are their rea l nam es
and two aren't. Put an X by rhe names yau think are nor their
a Ask B che quesrions about person 1. rea l names.
• Where's Ma sako from?
• Where in (co un rry)?

Name Masako Carlo Erica Tom Hanks, Mare Anthony Angelina Jolie, Katy Perry,
From singer singer
actor actress

b Answer S 's quesrions abour person 4 . b C heck your answers. Tell B Jtltink is ! iS/l't his J her real
e Rep ear for rhe orher peopl e.
llame. lfB says No, it im't, ask B What 's his! her real name? How do

yau spell it? and w rite rhe name und er rhe photo.

e Answer B's questions.

Name Ali Antonia Oliver Jude Law, Tina Turner, Eminem, Scarlett Johansson,
singer X singer X actress
From Turkey Mexico Germany actor
(Ankara) (Acapulco) (Berlin) Marshall Mathers ,/ real na me

,/ real na me Anna fv1.ae Bu[ock

2A WHAT'S ON THE TABLE?

Students A+B

a Look ac che picture for o ne minute. Try [O
remember che ch ings on che cable.

b C lose your books and wr ice clown che cen
t hings on che tableo

e Now compare with your parmer. Oid he I

she remember more chings chan you?

100

2C WHAT'S THE MATTER? 48 NICO'S DAY Student A

Student A a Ask B rhe qu estions below. B mu st find the answers in the texto

a Read rhe conversation. 1 W har rime does Nico ger up? (He 8ets up at 6:30 a.m.)
2 What does he have for breakfast? (He has a coffeea nd cerea l.)
A What's the matter? 3 Whar rwo things does he check ar rhe restauranr? (He clrecks tire
B I'm sad.
A Don't be sad . Cheer up. reservations and his ema ils.)
B Thanks. 4 What time do all the customers arrive? (Tltey arriveat 1:30 p.m.)
5 How many cusromers do rhey have in rhe resraurant ar lunch rime?
b Have four conversations with B. Ask B
What's tite matter? B answers. T h en choose a (They have 85 clIstomers.)
phrase below. 6 What does Nico ask the cusro mers? (Heasks iftltey are happy with

Relax. Take a vacaban. Open the window. thefaod.)
7 Whar does Nico do afrer lunch? (Hegoes back to tite kitchenand
Have a drink. Don't worry.
plans theJood for tite evetlilLg merw.)
e Cha nge roles. B asks you What 's tire matter? 8 What time does he go home in rhe afternoon? (H e8oes !tome at
YOll answer with 1 belo\V. B responds wirh a
phrase. T hen yOl! respond, e.g., Tltanks, OK, 5:30 p.m.)
Caad idea, etc. 9 What does Nico do at 7:30 p.m.? (He goes back to tite restaurantand

,'m bored. 3 ,'m tired. checks that everythin8 is OK.)
2 l'm caldo 4 I'm hungry. 10 Whar rime does Nico go horne? (Hegoes homeat 10 o'dock.)

b Look ar the texto Find the answers ro B's qllesrions.

d Cover (he phrases and do all eight 4C SHORT LlFE, LONG LlFE? Students A+B
conversations again fram memory.
Inter view your parrner. A ask rhe qllestions in rhe quesrionnaire.
PE2 WHAT'S THE TIME? B answer and give more info rmarion if yOll can. Then change roles.

Student A How often do you...? 6 relax
a hardly ever / never
Ask and answer qu estions w ith B to complete 1 have breakfast b sometimes
rhe times on rhe clocks. Then compare a hardly ever /never c every day
yo ur c1ocks. b sometimes/ usually
e always 7 see your fr iends
0 /0Ck 1: What's the time / What time is it? a sometimes
2 eat fresh fruit and vegeta bies b often
a hardlyever c very often
b once a day
e three times a day Howmany...?

3 eat fast food 8 hours do you usually sleep a day
a often a Oto 4
b sometimes b Sto 6
e hardly ever /never e 7 to 9

4 exercise 9 eups of eoffee do you drink a day
a hardly ever /never a more than five
b once or twice a week b usually only one or two
e three or four times a week e Idon't drink eoffee

5 feel ti red or stressed 10 Whieh ofthese is true for you?
a always/often a I'm not very positive about life.
b sometimes b I'm usually positive about life.
e hardly ever /never c I'm always positive about life.

Now calculate your partner's seore.
a = 5 b = 7 e = 10 Total seore = number of years you live

Communication 101

1 COMPLETING A FORM APPLlCATION FOR A STUDENT VISA

a Look at che informari on ab ouc capi tal leners. About You

P Capitalletters First na me Last name (Family name)
In English these words start with a CAPITAL tette r.
• first and tast names Melissa Rogers ~~~~~~I IL-__~~-=~
• countries, nationalit ies, and languages Japan, Japanese
• towns and cities New York City Mr·D Mrs· D Ms· D Gender Male O Female D
• days of the week Monday
• the (irst word in a sentence Her father;5 from Miami. Dateofbirth Month D D Day D D Year D D D D
• the pronoun J She's Vietnamese and /'m Mexican.
D O DMarital status Married Single D Divorced Separated
b Co mpl ete [he form w ith you r informaria n.
NationalitY LI_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _J
e Write rhis texr aga in wirh capitall etters where necessary.
Place of birth
my name's alberto. j'm from salvador in brazil, and i speak
portuguese, english, and a littte french . my teacher is -===~Cauntry "1" - " ' - - - - - - - - ,
american oher name's kate . my english classes are on Tawn/CitY LI_ _
mondays and wednesdays.
Contact Details
d Write a similar text abour you. Check rhe capiralletters
are correcto T hen check for any other mistakes. Home address Emai l address

« p9 Phone number
home
cell phone

Passport / Identity card number Date
Signature

2 A PERSONAL PROFILE Netfriends Worldwide

a Read Jamie's profil e. Do you have si milar imeres rs? Jamie Hamilton

b Look at the examples below. My proflle / Edit

P and. but, and or Hometown I'm from Chicago, but llive
in San Francisco.
and I speak Engti sh and a tittte Italian.
I watch the news and socce r on the weekend. .......:..0.:;._ 1 Occupation I'm a graphic designer. I work for

but I speak Engti sh, but I don't speak Italian . Wall languages an international company.
I'm from Chicago, but l live in San Francisco. Prof ile I speak English and a little Italian.

or I don't speak English or Italian. Photos (51) Interests / Edit
I don't like dassicat music or jazz. Notes
Friends Music Ilike pop and rock . I don't like classical
=e.g. e.g for exampte. We cften use it when we write music or jazz.

informally. J like rock music, e.g., Coldplay. Films Ilike American and Asian movies. llave
old Japanese movies, e.g., Kurosawa's
e Write a profiJe of yourself. Use the same headings TV Seven Samurai.
(Hometow n, Mu sic, etc.). Arta ch a photo if you ca n.
Use and, bllt, and or to join your ideas together. I watch the news in the evening and
soccer on the weekend.
d Check your profi Je fo r mistakes (e.g., capita JJ etters
and spellin g). sports I play tennis and I go to the gym.

« p.25 Writing 111

1

lA present tense verb be [±J, subject pronouns: 1, you, etc.

El = affirmative form 5»)) • A lways use a sub jecc pronoun (YOII, he, etc.) \V irh a verb, e.g.,
1t'5 a Se/lOO/. NOT k-tt-se1wttl-; They're teachers. NOT Are teachers.
Full form C ontraction
• Always use cap ital 1, e.g., He's Mike and l'm Sally. NOT i4n-5ally.
1am your [eacher. I'm yOllr rcachet . With othcr pronou ns o llly use a capitalletter when it 's rhe firsr word
You are in room 7. You're in room 7. in a sentence.
He is Mike. Hc's Mike.
She is Hannah. Shc's Hann ah. • you = singul ar an d plural.
Ir is a sehoo!. It's a sehoo!.
We are students. We're students. • Use he for a man, s/¡e for a \Vo man, an d it for a thing.
You are in C lass 2. You're in C lass 2. • Use they for people an d things.
They are tcachers. They're tcachers.
C ontractions
• In contractions):: a missing lener, e.g., 'm '" amo
• \Ve use eomraetions in eOIl versation alld in informal w ritill g, e.g., an

ema il to a friend o

lB present tense verb be Q and [1J =[1] question form

I 'm not Brazi li an . 23 »)) Ami Chinese?
Are you American?
She isn't from Los Angeles. Is he/she/ it Turki sh?
Are we
T hey arcn't Span ish. Are you
Are they
Are yOl! Peruvian? Yes, ram o

Is she 50urh Korea n? No, she Isn't.

=c::J negative form 0= affirmative [l] =negative short

short answer answer

Fult form Contraction lam. I'mnot.

I am not I'mnot you are. you aren't.
You are not You aren't
He/She/lt is not He I She I It isn't Italian. Ves, he I she lit is. No. he I she I it isn't.
We are not We aren't Spanish. we are. we aren't.
You are not You aren't Mexican.
They are not Theya ren't you are. you aren't.

they are. they aren't.

• Put IlOt a fter the verb be to m ake negati ves. • In questions, pUf am, are, is, before l ,yol1 , he, ere.
• You can also contract are Ilot a nd is Ilot like this: Areyou German? NOT -Ym, ale G etman?
Where are you¡rom? NOT Wltere-ymt"tl1'e""frotrt?-
YOIl're not Italian . She 's not Spanish.
• Don'e use contractions in a ffirmative short answers.
Areyou 1ranian? Yes, lamo NOT Yes, { 'm.

le possessive adjectives: my, your, etc. P it's or its?
Be ca reful with it's and its.
I'm C hin ese . My famil y is fro m Bei jing. 41» )
You 're in leve! 1. it·s = it is It's a school.
He 's rhe director. This is your c1 assroom.
She's your teacher. its =possessive Its name is
It 's a schoo!. His name is M iehael.
Wc 're an in ternational sehool. fvlcQueen's Language School.
They're new stlldents.
Hcr llame is T in a.

Its name is McQlIeen's Langllage Sehoo!.

Our studencs are from many differem eOU !l(ries .

Their na mes are D avi d and Emma.

• his = of aman, her = of a woman, its:: of a thing.
• rh eir :: of plural people or ehings.
• Possessive adjectives don 'eehange \V ieh plural noun s.

our srudents NOT ourssttrdents

GRAMMAR BANK

lA b Wrirc rh e sente nces wirh contracrion s.

a C omplete \Virh am, is , or are. H e is late. He's la te.

I illl1 M ike. 1 Ir is Friday.

We ____ from Boston. 2 They are in schooL

2 He e arl y. 3 I am very \Vel!.

3 T hey teachers. 4 You are in my class.

4 Today \Ve d n e s d a y. e Write rhe senrences \Virh a subj ecr pronoun a nd a conrraction.

5 L sotry. .Mike and Hannah are stud ents. Thev're srud enr s.

6 Ir a hotel. 1 John is in room 5.
2 Sam and 1 are early.
7 You in room 4 02. 3 Julia is a teachet .
4 The school is in Santiago. ___________________
8 She a student.
« p.S
9 My llame C arla .

10 1 in a tax i.

lB e C omplete the di alogu e. Use contractions if
po ss ible.
a Wrire rhe sem ences in rhe negati ve.
A Hi. I.m Mark.
She's Au stralian. S he ¡SIl't AustraLia n. B Hello , Mark. My name 1_ _ Maria.
A ' __ yo u Spanish, Maria?
1 L'm Ameri can . B No. I 3_ _ from Mex ICo.
A ' __ you from Mexico City?
2 T hey're Brazilian. B No. I 5_ _ from Tiju ana .
A ' __ Tijuana near Mex ico City?
3 Ir 's in South America. B No, ir 7_ _. lt 8_ _ in rhe norrh.
A ' __ you a stud ent?
4 You're French. B No. I 1O_ _ a reach er.

bMake questions and short answers. « p.7

I you Ru ss ian? [1] Ar~)!Qu R u.ss.iall? lZl res, 1am.
I I 1in room lO ? lZl
2 I ir Ital ian? rn ?
3 I they studenrs? rn ? []
4 I he from rh e US? rn ?
5 I you sure? rn ? []
rn ?
lZl

[]

le bG the corren word.

a C ompl ete th e se ntenceS with a possessive adj ective. Mark and Simon are friends.~Their are in class 2.

Mx name's Darly. I'm from Brazi1. 1 She's a new srudent. She I Her name's C arla.

1 T he srudenrs are from lraly. __ na mes a re Susanna 2 Is they Itheir teacher British?
a nd Tito.
3 My na me's Soraya . I'm in yO Il ¡yo llr class .

2 She's in my class. __ name is Rebecc a. 4 \Vhere arey 01l 1yo ur fri end s from ?

3 We're in class 2. teacher is Richard. 5 We're French. Wej 01lr names are Marc and Jacqu es.

4 London is famous for __ parks. 6 Is she Iher Japanese?

5 How do yOl! speIl __ last nam e, Ann a? 7 Perer is a reacher. Hej His is from C anada.

6 This is my teacher. __ name is Brad. S Whar 's hel his name?

7 I'm from Boston. address IS 3 1 Kenr Road. 9 l'm Karen. JIMy la st name is White.

S Sit down and open __ books, please. 10 S he ¡Her is fr om Seou1.

9 Laura is in rny c1ass. __ desk is near rh e wind ow. « p.9

10 We're from Beijin g. __ Ia st name is Won g.

Online Practice

2

2A a! an, plurals; this / that! these / those irreguLar pluraLs

al an, plurals 52 »)) Singular Plural

It's a bago aman /m<enl men ¡men/
It's an umbrell a. a woman !'wuman/ women I' wlm ~m /
T hey're books. a child ItJarld/ children j'tJlldr;ml
T hey're watchcs. a persan j' p:1rsnl people I' pipll

this / thatl these/ those

al an (indefinite article)

a bago
peno
It's
an ID cardo
umbreUa.

• Use a' alt \Virh singular nouns. 1 W h ar's rhis? Ir's a ticket. 57 »))

• Use aft \Virh a nQu n begi nnin g wirh a vowel (a, e, i, 0, 11) . These warches are Japanese.
• Use a \Virh tlouns beginning 11 whe n 11 = /y u/, e.g" 1IlJiversity.
2 That car is Italian.
regular plurals
What are rhose? T hey're headphones.

SinguLar Plural Spelling

a book books add -s
a key
keys

a watch watches add -es after eh, sh, s, x
a box boxes

a country countries consonant + y > les 1 Use tltisl these for things near you (here).

a dictionary dictionaries 2 Use thatl those for rhings which aren'r near you (there).

• Add -s (or -es or -ies) (Q make plural nouns: • this Ithat = singul ar; these I those = pluraL
/t's a peno Tlley're petls.
• lhis, that, t/tese, and thoseca n be ad jectives (this wateh) or
• Don'tusealanwithpluraln ouns: pronouns (WIJat's this?) .
Tlley're keys. NO T T-hey!re-a-keys:

2B adjectives When we use an adjective w it h a noun , the adjecti ve goes before the noun:

T he White Hou se is in the USo Jt 's a bi[J hOllse. N OT -J-t!s--tr-JW1tse-big;
T hey're blue jeans.
2 He's strong. Adjectives don'r change before a plural noun : They're bluejeallS.
[t is n't eas)'.
ls it American ? 63 »)) NOT T-hey'reiJh=j"""So
3 [t's a very big ciry.
She's really small. 2 We ca n also use adjectives without a ~,
11 0Ull, after rhe verb be.
·,IWn-\~
3 We ofren use very before adjecrives:
" He's very tall.
b He's tallo
e He isn't very tall.

2e imperatives, let's 1 71 »)) Use imperatives (Q g ive orders or in struct io ll s.

Open the door. Turn right. • [+] imperatives = verb (base fonn) .
Don'tworry. Don't stop.
Be quiet, please. Please sit down . [-] imperatives = dOIl't + verb (base form).
2 Let's go home. Let's wait. • Add pIease to be polite: Open file door, picase.
• We often use be + adjective in impe ratives: Be quiet, Be ca reful, etc.
• Don't use a pronoun wit h imperatives: Be quieto
2 Use Let's + verb (base form) to make suggest io ns.
Use Let's IJOt + verb to make a negative suggestio n: Let's IlOt wait.

GRAMMAR BANK

2A e Co mplecc rhe d ¡alog ues \Virh this, these, that, or tltose.

a Co mpl ete \Virh a or alt. Wrire rhe plural. Teacher \Vhat's 1._ _ __
Je n ny?
singular plural
ª ph oto Jcnny ¡r's an ¡Podo
1 __ city ~ Teacher And what are
2 em ail
3 __ person 2 , Jenny?
4 box Jcnny They're
5 woman
hea d p h ones.
Teacher G ive them ro me,

picase, Jenny.

b Write sentences \Virh ¡t's or They're (and a or an if necessary). Boy l \Vho's 3_ _ __
man over there?
pen They're buses. Boy2 He's my father.
Boyl A ndate 4_ _ __
buses your dogs?
1 children Boy2 Yes, (hey are.
2 change purse Boyl Wow!

3 men « p.13
4 umbrella

5 su ngla sses

« p.12

28 b Put rhe words in rhe fi ght arder.

a Underline rhe adj ectives in these sentences. is Ch inese he? ls he Chinese?
1 a day very it 's ho r
He's a rich mano 2 yOllr Ausrralian is rcachet?
1 They're Japanese rourises. 3 car fa st isn't rhar very
2 It 's an internatio nal schoo l.
3 That isn't the right answet. 4 a id ea bad it 's
4 We're good frien d s. 5 a are student you good?
S Hi, Anna. Nice to meet you. 6 easy is English very
6 T hose animals are dangerotl s.
7 T hi s is a big country. 7 strong my is bro rh er very
8 My phone is very cheap. 8 watch ex pensive is chis an

« p.14

2C b Complete with Let's and a verb from the listo

a Co mp lete \Vith a verb from t he li st. Use a G or a c:J impe rat ive. clase go open sit down stop turn off

be ga have open park read spea k ta ke turn an worry lt 's hot. L et's opelt the window.
I Comeon. ____
A lt 's hoto B Qpm the window.
2 Lt 's late. ____ the TV and go to bed .
A I'm very sorry B Don't worry . It isn't a problem.
3 ['m tired. ____
1 A 1'111 bored . B ____ the TY.
4 It 's ver y cold in here . ~_ _ _ the window.
2 A No entiendo. B This is an English class. Please ____ Spanish.
S There's a service statio n. and have
3 A l'm tired . B It's late. to bed. a co ffee.

4 A l s rhi s book good? B No, ir isn'r. ir. « p.17

S A 1'111 hun gry. B a sa ndw ich.

6 A Look at those animals. B ~___ careful. They're dangerous.

7 A Ir's raining. B an umbrella.

8 A Where is o ur hotel? B It 's over there. ____ here.

Online Practice

Days and numbers VOCABULARY BANK

1 DAYS OF THE WEEK 3 NUMBERS 21-100

a Co mpl ete ch e days of [he week with the ¡erters. a \Vrire rh e numbers.

W Fr 55Th T M twe nty-one 1'1 wcnli wAnl
rhirry l'O~Jrlil
Monday /'mAndel/ _ iday /'fraldcl/ thirty-five "8Jrli ralv/
_ uesday I'tuzdel/ _ aturday j's&tó1rdeIJ forry I'brti/
_ cdnesday J'wr:nzdcIl _ unday j'sAndclJ fo rty- three /'brli 8ril
_ Ufsday l'Odrzdell fífty I'frftil
fift y-nine I'flfti nam/
b 10 »)) Listen and check. sixry I'Slkstil
sixty-seven /'slksti 'scvn/
e C over che d ays of che week. Say them in a rd er. sevenry J'scvnti/
seventy-t wo J'scvnti tul
P Useful phrases eighty I'clti/
the weekend (= Saturday and Sunday) eighty-eight /'eni elt/
a weekday (= Monday-Fri day) ninety I'namti/
What day is it today? It's Friday. ninery-four /'namti br/
Have a good weekend . Vou too.
See you on Monday. al one hund red /'hAndradl

Capitalletters b 126 »)) Li sten and repe at.
Days of t he week begin with a capit alletter.
P Pronunciation
Tues day NOT tuesday 13 and 30, 14 and 40, etc., are si milar, but t he stress is
different, e.g ., t hirte e n, thirty, fourteen , for ty, etc .
2 NUMBERS 0-20
-c: p.7
a Match rhe \Vo rd s w irh rhe numbers.

t we lve twent y eleven t hree
eighteen Five fifteen seven

O zero /'LI roo/ 11 /¡Ilevn/ 4 HIGH NUMBERS
1 one /wAn!
2 t\Vo /t u! 12 Jt wclv/ a \Vrire rhe mi ss ing words or numbe rs.
3 three /Ori/ 13 chi rteen l8;x'tin/
4 fo ur /f'Jf/ 14 fa uneen Ibr'tin/ al one hundred and five
5 /falv/ 15 /f.f'tin/
6 six ISI ksl 16 sixreen /slks'linl two hundred
7 I'scvn/ 17 seventee n Iscvn'tin/
8 eight leltl 18 ICI'linl 350 three hundred and _ __
9 nine Inaml 19 nineteen /nam'tin/
10 ten /tcnl 20 /'lwwti/ 875 eighr hund red seve nr y- f ive
1,000
al one thousand /'8auznd/

one rh ousand fi ve hun dred

2,012 two thou sa nd a nd _ __

5,420 five rh ousa nd four and rwenry

b 11 »)) Liste n a nd check. 100,000 t wenty-five thousand
1,000,000
e Cover rhe words. Say the numbers. a I one hu nd red _ __

P Phone numbers al one mili ion /'mllyan/

We say the digi t s sepa rately. 2,30 0,000 rwo million ___ hllndred rholl sand

=794-1938 seven ni ne f our, one nine th ree eig ht b 1)43 »)) Li sten a nd check.

-c: p.s -c: p.72

The world VOCABULARV BANK

1 CONTINENTS

a Match che words and continents.

Co ntinent Adject ive

Africa I'refnka/ African j'a::fnbn/ 0~'~(If/(
Asia /'eI3~ Asian /'cI3n!
Australia Idstrclly.w Australian b'strcllY;Jnl o( ntlr81
Europe I'yorap/ European /yura'pi;Jo/ North
1 Nort h America North American
South America South American ' \Westf li&111
l50uoll'
b 151)) Listen an d check. ¡ oU 1H
o ef AN
e Cove r rh e words and look at rhe map. Ca n you rememb er A I¡ ~ ~IIC
rh e conr in ents a nd rheir ad jectives?
o(f A •

2 COUNTRIES ANO NATIONALlTIES

a 1 16 ») M atch rhe word s and countries .Th en li sten and check.

Country ¡'kAnl ril Nationality adjective

England /'loglond/ -ish
English /'IOgilJ/
Ireland /'al:Jr!:Jndl
Spain /spem/ Irish ¡'amI/
Turkey /'tarkil Spanish l'spremJ/
Turkish I'L~rkIJ/
Chile /'IJIli/
-an
Germany l'd3armanil
Mexico j'mdslkoo/ Chilean /tfJ'lelan/
South Korea IsauO k;)'ri;)1 German j'd38rrnanJ
Mex ican I'mckslbnl
The (United) Sta tes / the Us(A) South Korean Ismi) b'ri~nl
American la'menkanl
Brazil Ibra'z¡[1
1 Canada I'kren;)c!;)1 -jan
Brazilian Ibra'zliyanl
Iran II'rrenl Canadian Ik;)'neldi;)nl
lt aly /'nrel il Iranian /¡'roni;)nl
Peru Ip;)'rul Italian /¡'trely;)nl
Russia /'rAJd! Peruvia n Ip;)'ruvbn/
Russian l'rAJnl
China /'tJamd!
Japan Id3;)'pren/ -ese
Vietnam /vict'nreml
Chinese ItJal'nizl
France Ifrrensl Japanese Id3rep;)'nizj
Thailand l'lalla:ndl Vietnamese Ivi;)tn;)'mizl

French IfrcntJ/
Thai Itall

b Cover che words and look ac rhe maps. Ca n you rememb er
che coumries an d nari onali ries?

P Capitalletters

Use CAPITAL letters for cou ntries, continents, nationalities, and
languages, e.g., Japan NOT japan; Spanish NOT spanish.

-< p.6

Online Practice

Classroom language VOCABULARV BANK

The teacher says 1 \2

a Match rhe phrases and pictures 1-13.

Open your books, please.
Go ro page 84.
Do exercise a.
Read rhe texto
Loak at rhe board.
Clase rhe door.

1 Work in pairs Igroups.

Answer rhe questions.
Listen and repear.
Stand up.
Sitdown.
Turn off your ce Hphone.
Please srap ralking!

b 32 ))) Listen and check.

You say

a Match rhe phrases and pictures 14- 22.

Sorry, can yau repear rhar, please?
14 SOfry !'m late.

1don'r understand.
Can 1have a capy, please?
H aw do yau spell ir?
1don't kno\V.
Excuse me, what's ___ in Engli sh?
Can yau help me , please?
What page is ir?

b 33))) Listen and check.

e Cover rhe sentences and ¡ook at rhe pictures.
5ay rhe sentences.

p the
Look at the board.
Answer the questions.
• Use the whe n we know w hich (board,
questions, etc.).
Look at the board. NOT Look at a board.
• Use the with singular and plural nouns (the
board, the questions).

...c: p.S

Things m VOCABULARV BANK

a Match rhe words and picrures. [§] rn [i]

a book /buk/ @] ~ [2] @J
a calendar /'k&l~n d~r/ ~
a cell phone /se! foon/ '- [ITJ
a change purse /IJcmd3 p8fS/
1 a coin /bmJ ~ ~
a credit ca rd I'krcdat kordl
a dictionary I'dl kJ;:meriJ ... '>.,~.,r:>....,'
a filela binder ¡fad/ J'bamd8rl
g@sses /'ghes;)¿} ,.,,,, ~--
headphones l'hcdfoUll7J
an I O card / a¡'di kord/ ~ @2l
an i Pod I'mpodl
a key /k i/ ~
a kp.top /'Ireptap/
a magazine /ma:ga'¿in/ ~
a newspaper j'nuzpClp;Jr/
aren Ipen/ ! l~._". -
a pencil f'pens ll
a photo /'footouJ , lt ... ..... ._ .. .,. ":J

a piece oE -pª-per Ipis;¡v 'pC1P;¡r/ 1" - - ."--"'-'_ _ ..,.... ....ar
scissors l'sl/.':lrzJ .. ....,...._ ,. '-? "' -

a sta m p /strempl I . ..,....".... .!.!'j. ":':':.. m, 1II
sunglasses /'5/\1191&5;)7./
a ticket /' , I katl :A.,.. _ _ _ _lO'"
a tissue /'t ¡fuI
an umbrella ¡"m'brela!
a wa llet /'wobt/
a warch /wotI/

b 51 »)) Listen and check.

p Plural nouns

Sorne words for things are plural,
e.g" glasses, headphones, pants.

Don't use al an with plural nouns.
NOT a glasses, a headphones.

e Cover the words and ¡ook at the
pictures. In pairs, ask and answer.
What is i~ 0 's a watch.

.!..2What are they 0 heY're glasses.

-c: p.12

Online Practice

Adjectives VOCABULARV BANK

1 COMMON ADJECTlVES [3J

a Match che words and pictures 1- 16. My name _ Tim.
a a m bis @are
bad Iba:dl s.ao fc.
big Ib,g1 X
1 dangerous l'demd3<1r;Js/
diny l'd;Jrti/ p Modifiers: very / really
easy /'i¿il
empty I'cmpti/ We often use these words befare adjectives.
expensive IIk'spmslv/ A Ferrari is very / really fasto
far Iforl
fas e /f<cSll e Look at th e things in the listo Say t\Vo adjeetive s Eor
high Ihall
hot Ihotl eaeh one. Use modifiers.
long IbO/
old louldl A Ferrari Mount Everest Bill Gates
ri eh /ntJl
stron g ISlr:llJ/ oThe Pyramids Africa Your town / city
wrong /DIJ/ Ferrari -It's really fast and very expensive.

b 60 ))) Listen and check. « p.14

e Match [hese adjecrives with their opposires in a.

cheap ItJipl low /100/ short /f:xt/
clean /k IinI slow Isloo/
cald Ikauldl near Inrr/ 5mall 15m;)l!
difficult j'(lIflkAlt/ new Inu/ weak /wikl
poor /pxl
full /full
gaad Igudl right Iralt/
safe /sclf/

d 61 »)) Listen and check. T hen test your partner. A say
an adjective and B say rhe opposite.

2 APPEARANCE

a Match rhe opposire adjecr ives and rhe pictu res.

bland Iblandl dark Idorkl old luuldl young IYAQI
beaurifu 1 /'byulaf11 .llgly I'Agli/ raH It;)1/ shon If:xlf
fa t /fxll (hin 19101

b 67 ))) Listen and check.

e Cover the adjectives and look at the pictures. Test you rself
or a panner.

P Positive adjectives for appearance

Beautiful, good-looking, pretty, and attractive can aU be used
for women, but for men we only use good-Iooking or attractive.

« p.IS

Writing

5 58 l»)

Present Simple past Past participle Present Simple past Past participle
be Ibil been /bln/ leave Ilivl left Ildll left
was /w::Jzl lose Iluzl lost Ibstl tost
become Ibl'kAml were /w;)r/ become
begin Ibl'gml became Ibl'kclm/ begun Jbr'gAn/ make Imc rkl made Imc rdl made
break /brCl k/ began Ibl'grenJ broken J'broobn/ meet Imitl met ImEll met
bring /brlol broke !brook/ brought
build Ib,ldl brought Ibroll built pay Ipe rl paid Ire rdl paid
buy Iba,1 built Ib,ltl bought put IpuII put put
bought Iboll
read Iridl read Iredl read Iredl
can /krenl could Ikvdl - run /rAnl ran /rrenl run
catch Ikrelf/ caught Ibll
carne /kClml caught say Iserl said Isedl said
come IkAm/ come see Isil saw IsJ! se en Isinl
cost Ibs!/ cost send Isendl sent Isenll sent
cost sing ISII]! sang IsrerJ/ sung ISATjI
sit IS I11 sat Isretl sat
do Idul did Id ,dl done /dAn/ sleep Islipl stept Islepll slept
drink /drlt)kl drank /dra::t)k/ drunk /drAt]k/ speak Ispikl spoke Ispookl spoken I'spoobnl
drive IdraJvl drove Idrouvl spend Ispcndl spent Ispcntl spent
driven I'dnvn/ stand Istrendl stood Istudl stood
swim Iswrml swam Iswreml swum ISWAml
eat litl ate lell/ eaten /'iln/
teach ItitJI taught 11011 taught
fall 1101/ fell Ifdl fallen j'f",)km/ take Iterkl took Ilukl taken I'te rbnl
feel Ifil/ felt Ifdll felt tell Ilell told Ilooldl told
find /famdJ faund Ifaund/ faund think IB'Dkl thought lBoll thought
l1y Ifla ,1 flew Iflul flown If[ounl
forget ff;)r'gct/ fargot /[or'gotl forgotten /for'gotnJ understand understood understood
/And;)r'sta::nd/ IAnd;)r'stod/
get Igell got IgoII got woken I'woobnl
give Ig lv/ gave /gclv/ given J'glvnl wake Iwcrkl woke /woukl worn Iw;)rn/
go Igool went /wcntl gane /gon/ wear Iwt:r/ wore Iw;)rl won
win /wrn/ won IWAn/
have /hrev/ had I bredl had write /rart/ wrote Irootl written /'TlI ni
hear /htr/ heard fhordl heard

know Inoo! knew /nu/ known Inoonl

165

Vowel sounds SOUNDBANK

- -

usual spelling ! but also usual spelling ! but a1so

cp ee meet rhree people police ·ti u fuH put co uld wou Id
ea speak eat key n ieee 00 good book
buU \Va ina n
e m e \Ve loo k room
cree ~~

i 1 his ch is Engli sh w om en tourist A very unu sual sound .
\V 1O SlX b u sy euro Europe sure
pl u r al
b ig sw im
fis h

~ eer checr engineer [!] ru bus lunch come brocher
ere here \ve're ugly run son does
ear ear year hear up lucky cut you n g

~a rh a nk s dance ~ M any di fferent spellings.
black Japan lal is a lways unst ressed.
cat. - have sta mp com purer umbrella America famou s
second agQ
je yes help ~'"
ten pet fr iend brea d er her verb learn work
egg red very brea kfasr any bird ir fi rsr rhird world word
sai d ur nurse cu rn

~ air airporr stairs their rhere ~ ou out thousand
fa ir haie wear house coum
chair ow l
are square careful fachef watch ow how brown

'm o hor stop \Va nt ~ 0* home d ose slow low
doctor job old don't
", ;:.~ nor box water w rong phone
bou ght oa roacl toast
d ock

c::::i) al talk walk ~ ar are party
aw 5aw draw start far

5aw car

~ or sporr door four board "~ a* na me ma ke break steak
shorr ai raI n pai nt grear eight
horse d o fruir JU ICC tEJ ay pl ay day gray they
00 school Eoad shoe
di u* Ju ne u se t r ain oi COI I1 11 00 se
hoot ew new flew to i le t
~
boy oy toy el1J oy

• especially befa re con sonant + e ~ i* nine t w ice b uy
y my w hy
b ike igh high night

vowel s o ovowels followed by frI d i p h r h o n gs

Consonant sounds SOUNDBANK

-

usual spelling ! but also usual spelling ! but also

p paper pilar ~ ,h think thirty
Portuguese slee p th row bath room
fourrh tem h
pp apple happy

b be rabIe job [!J ,h the these
builder number rhen other
th ar with
bb ru bber

c credir card actor arch irecr ~ eh cheap ch ildren
k kirch en Ii ke ,ch church
ck black back warch match

key chess t (+ure) pictu re adven ru re

lLJiUl : green get [!] ~ge January juice G erman manager
angry big ¡uly enjoy
g eggs bi gger bridge fridge
[IlJ' _~--~~ _------r----------.
--------------~------------ 1 like lit tle
plane girl
f Friday fi fteen \Vi fe
> 11 small spelling
[fl:'r)ph phoro elephanr
ff o ffice co ffee leg
--------------~------------ [2J :r----------------r----------

[!] v very eleven of red rich wrire wrong
""
live travel problem t t y
river love
sorry terr ible
vase

~~ -t-----te-a -ta-k-e ----~~like-d-d~re-ss-ed---- ~--------------r-------__1
w one once
srud enr sir V window twenty

w it ch Wednesday w in

tt letter bo t d e wh why when
tie
--------------~------------

d dance undersrand played (ired y yellow yesterday

bad [ead young yes
before u use university
dd add ress midd le
dog m u s ic
yachr

s sister scops oi ee city m man Monday
ss stress acrress poli ce
mo ney SWlm

mm su mmer sWlmnu ng

snake monkey

[!F zeta Brazil ~ :n no never know
mu síc pIease n ine ran
dogs watches dinner thinner

--------------~------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -r -- - - - - - - - -]
~ ng song England thin k ban k
Jy. sh sho pping sh oes sugar sure la ng uage thing
long going
Spanish fi sh

ti (+ vowel)

sh ower stario n informaria n s lll ge r

si (+ 00) deci sion usuaHy garage [¡] h happy hungry who whose
confu sian hotel behind

rel evisio n hall head

o voiced o ullvoiced Online Practice

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ISBN: 978 O194776233 Philippa LewisfEdificefArcaid/Corbis UK ltd. (house); p60/61 Eric van de n Brullef
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MULIl-PACK B ¡rACKI Image Source/Photolibrary Grou p (youngwoman): p61 Awill~Corbis UK ltd. (man);
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ISBN: 978 o 194775878 (background); p64 John Robe rtson/Alamy (solid): p65 Comlongon Castle (female
ghos t): p65 Gosforth HalJ Hotel (male ghost): p65 Gosforth Hall Hote! (bed): p67
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ISBN: 978 O194776707 p68 Martin Roe ./Retna Ltd./Corbi/Corbis UK Ltd. (Nacho): 1'69 Brownstock/Alamy
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(cookies): p69 Masterfile UK Ltd. (onion): p71 StockbytefGetty lmages (scales): p71
Prioted io China PhotocuisinefMasterfile UK Ltd. (sugar); p73 Be n Hider/Getty Images (Ken); 1'73
This book is printed on paper from cenified and wcll-managed sourccs Sony Pictures Film Clips Oeopardy): 1'73 C.20thC.Fox/Everett/Rex Feanlres
(Smarter): p73 c.ABC IncfEverettfRex Features (Millionaire): p761ain Mastertonf
STUDENT BOOK ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A1amy (Mona Lisa): 1'76 Paulo FerreirafGetty Images (bridge): p76 Sergio Ballivianf
Getty lmages (mountain); p76 Victor Fraile/Co rbis UK l td. (Tiananmen): p76 Chad
Caver DesigTl: Yin Ling Wong EhlersfGetty Images (Buenos Aires); p76 Robert Holllles/Corbis UK Ltd. (station);
TIle aurlwrs «nd publisher are grutefu! /O those who haw giwn pemi!sslon /O reproduce the p77 Travelscape ImagesfAlamy: p78 NetPhotosfAlam y (coach): p78 Glowlmagesf
fol!owing extracts and adaptations ofcopyright material: Alamy (m ap); p78 ImageStatefAlamy (coach ): p79 Iria Go nzalez-Liaño (woman): p79
SNEHIT/Shutterstock (desert): 1'79 Zooid Pictures (saf.l); 1'83 Eye UbiquitousfRex
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95. 102. 107; Alex GreenfFolio Art: p.62.; Atushi HarafDutch Vnele agency: pp.4,
5.55.126. 127.133.134.135,1 42.143,156.160: Satoshi Hashimoto/Dutch Uncle
Age ncy: p. 131, 140. 141 . 14 7. 150: Sophie Joyce: p.7.12. 13. 70: Tim Marrs: pp.6,
72.87: Je rome Mireault/Colagene: 1'.16 - 17: Gaku NakagawafDutch Uncle Agency:
1'.38: Gavin Reece: p.45: Jam es Taylor/Debut Art: pp.22. Pronunciation chart
artwor k: by Ellis Nadler

We would also like to thank the following for pernlission to reproduce the
fo llowing photographs: Cover: Geme nacom/shutterstock.com; Andrey_Popov/
shutterstock.colll; Wavebreak lllediajshuuerstock.cOlll; llllage Source/Getty Illlages;
Lane OateyfBlue Jean Images/Getty Images: BJlfBlue Jeanlmages/Getty Images:
1mage Source/Corbis: Yuri Arcurs(retra Images/Corbis; Wavebreak Media Ltd./
Corbis; p6 Graphi-Ogre/Oxtord University Press; 1'7 Frede ric Lucano/Getty Images
(woman): p7 Nick Dolding/Getty lmages (cou ple); p7 Blend lmages/Alamy (man): p9
Leigh Schindler/Getty Images (man); p9 Lucas Lenc~Corbis UK Ltd. (woman); p12
RDNL.Couttesy ofThe Roald Dah1 Mllseum{TIle Roald Dah1Mllseum and Story
Centre (Roald Dahl ): p12 MM Studios (books): p12 Eamonn McCabefEamonn

p84 Westend6I/Getty Jmages (woman); p84 Photodisc{Oxford Universíty Press (teacher); pl54 Ma1colm MacGregOljGetty Images (vet); pls4 Tetra Images/Alamy
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