India Human Development Survey Working Paper No. 11

Table 6. Impact of Excluded Variables on Enrollment in Private Schools
Results from the First Stage of Switiching Regression Model

Coef. Z Value

Know anyone in Medical Profession 0.24 ** 5.6
Know anyone in Government 0.27 ** 6.61
Private Schools Available in Village 0.92 ** 21.69
Cook in Local Govt. School -0.08 * -1.88
Early English in local govt. school -0.08 * -1.94
Instr. In English in local govt. school 0.07 1.56
Missing school schedule 0.34 ** 5.29
Constant -1.18 -19.65

N of cases 11667
Chi Square (7 df) 704

*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1

Table 7. Impact of private school enrollment on reading and arithmatic

Reading Skills

1 23

Basic Switching Famil

OLS Regression Fixed Ef

Residence (Metro Omitted)

Other Urban 0.163*** 0.161***

Developed Village 0.179*** 0.171**

Less developed village 0.176** 0.167**

Socio Religious Group (Forward caste omitted)

Other Backward Classes (OBC) -0.051 -0.051

Dalit -0.222*** -0.222***

Adivasi -0.104* -0.104*

Muslim -0.231*** -0.231***

Other Minority Religions -0.101 -0.102

Maximum Household Education (None omitted)

1-4 std 0.147** 0.147**

5-9 std 0.186*** 0.187***

10-11 std 0.338*** 0.338***

high sec & some coll 0.387*** 0.389***

College graduate 0.417*** 0.419***

Log of hh. annual income 0.001 0.001

Score on Std. of Living Scale 0.034*** 0.035***

No of persons in the hh -0.0237*** -0.024***

No. of children < 15 in the hh. -0.00504 -0.005

Female Child -0.100*** -0.100*** -0.07

Current Standard 0.341*** 0.341*** 0.229**

Age of the child 0.025 0.025 0.164**

In Private School 0.392*** 0.362** 0.307

Constant 0.497** 0.513** 1.482***
R-squared 0.337 0.286
Chi Square (42 df) 3954
Observations 11667 11667 11667

*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1 Regressions also incl

c skills 1 Arithmatic Skills
Basic 23
ly OLS
ffect Switching Family
Regression Fixed Effect

0.112** 0.108**
0.092* 0.078
0.101** 0.082

-0.054* -0.055*
-0.222*** -0.222***
-0.124*** -0.125***
-0.241*** -0.242***
-0.0602 -0.062

0.037 0.038

0.110*** 0.111***

0.252*** 0.253***

0.302*** 0.305***

0.388*** 0.390***

0.006 0.006

0.031*** 0.031***

-0.019*** -0.019***

0.004 0.003

-0.157*** -0.156*** -0.179***

** 0.247*** 0.247*** 0.183***

** 0.037*** 0.037*** 0.123***

7*** 0.280*** 0.221** 0.224***

* 0.148 0.179 0.879***
0.355 0.287
4782
11619 11619 11619

lude controls for states

Table 8. Pred. reading scores for children in private and government schools by state

Unadjusted Adjusted Diff
Govt. Private Priv-Govt
Reading Score
2.78 2.49 -0.29
North East 2.57 2.77 2.55 -0.21
2.03 1.84 -0.20
Maharashtra/Goa 2.83 2.79 2.69 -0.09
2.73 2.65 -0.08
Tamil Nadu 3.17 2.83 2.91 0.09
2.62 2.76 0.14
Delhi 3.09 3.70 3.87 0.17
2.91 3.10 0.19
Harylana 2.88 2.67 2.95 0.28
2.35 2.64 0.29
West Bengal 2.45 3.13 3.48 0.35
2.43 2.89 0.46
Gujarat 2.79 2.21 2.68 0.47
2.46 3.00 0.54
Kerala 3.29 2.73 3.27 0.55
2.97 3.52 0.56
Chhatisghar 2.81 2.36 2.99 0.63
2.03 2.72 0.69
Orissa 2.65 2.53 3.24 0.72
2.72 3.48 0.76
Karnataka 2.50 2.03 2.85 0.82

Himachal Pradesh 3.43

Rajasthan 2.52

Andhra Pradesh 2.40

Punjab 2.94

Jharkhand 2.58

Assam 2.84

Madhya Pardesh 2.31

Uttar Pradesh 2.02

Utttarkhand 2.74

Bihar 2.31

Jammu and Kashmir 2.37

App. Table 1: Proportion of 8-11 year olds tested

All India 0.72
Place of Residence
0.69
Metro City 0.76
Other Urban 0.71
More Developed Village 0.72
Less Developed Village
Socio Religious Group 0.78
Forward Caste Hindu 0.73
Other Backward Classes 0.74
Dalits 0.66
Adivasis 0.66
Muslim 0.68
Christian
Maximum Adult Education in HH 0.65
0 years 0.70
1-4 std 0.74
5-9 std 0.77
10-11 std 0.78
Higher Secondary/Some Coll 0.77
College Graduate
Household Income Quintile 0.71
Poorest 0.72
Second 0.73
Third 0.71
Fourth 0.75
Affluent
Standard of Living Quintiles 0.67
Poorest 0.71
Second 0.75
Third 0.74
Fourth 0.76
Affluent
Child Gender 0.73
Male 0.72
Female
Type of School 0.39
Not Enrolled 0.78
Government School 0.78
Private School

Appendix Table 2. Interaction effect of standard of living and private sc
on children's reading and arithmatic skills, likelihood of being praised

Reading Arithmatic

Standard of Living 0.043 *** 0.035 **
Private School Enrollment 0.654 *** 0.364 **
Private * Standard of Living -0.023 *** -0.012 **

*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1
Regression includes all variables in Table 7, Model 2

chool enrollment Beaten
and being beaten
-0.013 **
Praised -0.123
0.016 **
** 0.022 ***
** 0.628 ***
** -0.006

1 72 xf.

36 2

64 48 56
38
33 76
46
45 81 18

56 76 63
47
ikp¡ iNw ks ¼4@5½ l[a ;k 5 eas ls
4 igpku gkus h pkfg,A 84
68
PRATHAM REOS URCE CENTRE
nks djkAs ¼2@
nkus kas gh lgh

.kr MAY 2004 (1)

2 3

74 7 468
56

75 5 275
37 8 496

94 3 174
65
,d djkAs ¼1½ fd;k gvq k Hkkx
84 dk loky lgh gkus k pkfg,A
46

@2½ 2 eas ls
gkus s pkfg;sA

k P LEARNING TO
LANGUAGE (L

Alphabets

r

St

Dhn

Mb

O READ c
Level 1)

Cat Words

Ball

mat

water boy

road

Put my

Come make

LEARNING T

LANGUAGE (

Story

When Rita was going

home it started raining.

Her friend Minu saw

her. Minu said to Rita,

Rita it is raining hard.

Come with me to my

house. When it stops

raining you can go

home. Rita went to

Minu’s house.

TO READ live c

(Level 1) Paragraph

Animals in the

forest. Lion is the king

of the forest. But when

the lion comes, they all

run away.

Paragraph

Jaipur is a large city. It
has a famous palace.
Ajmer is another city
near Jaipur. People go
for vacation there.