English Skills 4

Grammar

have/has

Positive Negative Question

I have… / I’ve … I / You don’t have… Do I have…?
I / You do not have… Do you have…?
You have… /
You’ve…

She / He / It has… She / He / It doesn’t have… Does he / she /
She / He / It does not have… it have…?

We / You / They We / You / They don’t have… Do we / you /

have… We / You / They do not have… they have…?

Short answers No, I don’t.
Yes, I do.

We use ‘have’ to talk about following things:

To talk about our possession.
• I have a video game.
• Kripa has a beautiful colour box.
• He has a story book.
• We have a house in Kathmandu.
• Do you have a house in Kathmandu?

To talk about our sickness. To describe a person.
• I have a headache. • Kriti has black hair.
• She has a stomachache. • Krishna has blue eyes.

To talk about our families. To talk about meal, holidays and
• I have three brothers. bath.
• Usha has a sister.
• We have our granny. • We had holiday in Pokhara.

• They had their lunch in a hotel.

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3 Write a sentence using the clues. Use correct forms

of have. ü denotes a positive sentence and û denotes

a negative sentence.

Tika and Tara / bicycles ü
Tika and Tara have bicycles.
Hema / a fountain pen û
Hema doesn’t have a fountain pen.

a. Seema / an MP3 player ü b. They / jigsaw û
c. Ashna and Anisha / cricket bats ü d. Mina / a pet dog ü
e. Kalpana / a mobile phone û f. Pema / a computer ü
g. Kumar / a dictionary û

4 Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of have.

Hari : We have a new video game.

Tara : Fantastic! _______ you _______
a football game on the CD?

Hari : No, I don’t _______ a football
game, but my sister _______ a
great Spider-man game.

Tara : What about your brother? _______ he ______ any games?

Hari : Yes, he ______ a fantastic Superman game. ______ your
sister have a game CD too?

Tara : No, she ______ _______ a game CD. She _______ a mini
laptop.

Now sit in pairs and practise the above conversation.

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Speaking
5 Sit in pairs. Read the examples and use have or has

to talk about following.

brothers, sisters, uncles, aunts, cousins, mother, father

A : Who are there in your family?
B : I have my ___________________
A : Do you have grandparents?
B : Yes, I have ____________ but I don’t have ___________

a dictionary, pens, sketch pads, stickers, paintbox, CDs
A : Do you have a story book?
B : Yes, I have. I have three.
A : Do you have a paintbox?
B : No, I don’t. But I have ___________

Ask and describe people : teacher, mother, father

A : What does you friend look like?
B :
She is pretty. She has long black hair and
beautiful eyes.

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Reading

6 Read about Tom and Jerry.

Do you watch cartoons on TV? If you
do, you may know the famous cartoon
show Tom and Jerry. It is one of the
most famous cartoon shows in the
world. Each show is about seven
minutes long. This show has won many
film awards.

Tom and Jerry are the two main characters
in the show. Tom is a cat. His full name is
"Tom Cat" which means male cat. He is
always after Jerry, the mouse. Tom sets
traps for Jerry. Many of the traps backfire
and hurt Tom himself rather than Jerry.

Tom does not want to eat Jerry. He bothers
Jerry and wants to hurt him. He keeps
chasing him. However, Tom cannot catch
him easily. Jerry is clever, smart and lucky.

Tom and Jerry are not enemies to each other all the time. There are
times they show friendship. For example, in the short movie Springtime
for Tomas, they help each other. In Jerry and the Lion too, they are
not enemies. Tom thinks that Jerry is hurt badly with a gun shot. To
help Jerry, Tom comes with a first aid kit.

Tom and Jerry show is funny. It makes you laugh a lot. In addition,
this show also gives you a message, “Love our enemies.” When Tom
and Jerry fight, they are always in problem. When they are friends,
everything goes easy. When Tom and Jerry have a “common goal” or
same task to finish, they come and work together.

Sure enough, if you love and help each other, it will be easier for you
too.

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Vocabulary

7 Match the words with similar meaning.

a. funny ____ popular

b. famous ____ injure or harm

c. hurt ____ disturb or trouble

d. Tom cat ____ comic or amusing

e. main ____ male cat

f. bother ____ major or chief

8 Match the words with opposite meaning.

a. friends ____ difficult
b. clever ____ enemies
c. common ____ won
d. lost ____ dull or stupid
e. lucky ____ different
f. easy ____ unlucky

Comprehension
9 Are these statements true or false? Write.

a. Tom cat means a male cat.

b. Tom and Jerry never have friendship.

c. Jerry is clever.

d. Tom always wants to eat Jerry.

e. Sometimes Tom helps Jerry.

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10 Answer the following questions.

a. Why can’t Tom catch Jerry?
b. What does Tom do to catch Jerry?
c. Does the trap help Tom to catch Jerry? If it does not, what
happens then?
d. In what episodes are Tom and Jerry friends to each other?
e. Why does Tom bring a first aid kit?

11 Sit in groups and discuss the following questions.

a. Do you quarrel with your friends?
b. Do you have any enemies?
c. What makes a good friend?

Listening
12 Listen and write Fatima, Norbu, Suman, Muna.

They are talking about their favourite TV show.

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13 Listen again and write true or false.

a. Fatima likes documentaries. _______
b. Last Friday she watched a documentary on space travel. _______
c. Mars is blue. _______
d. Norbu doesn’t like football. _______
e. Nepal won the match against India. _______
f. Nepal and India are playing another match on next Sunday.

_______
g. Suman does not watch TV much. _______
h. Suman’s family come together to watch the film. _______
i. They watch the film on Saturday after dinner. _______
j. Muna watches cartoons on TV. _______

Speaking

14 Sit in groups of four or five students and share about
favourite TV show. Also talk about latest show you
watched.

I love watching I love watching sports.
cartoon on TV.
I ___________

I love watching
reality shows.

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Grammar

Positive Negative Question Short answers
I can fly. I can’t / cannot fly. Can I fly?
Yes, I can. /
No, I can’t.

You can fly. You can’t / cannot fly. Can you fly? Yes, you can. /
No, you can’t.

He can fly. He can’t / cannot fly. Can he fly? Yes, he can. /
No, he can’t.

She can fly. She can’t / cannot fly. Can she fly? Yes, she can. /
No, she can’t.

It can fly. It can’t / cannot fly. Can it fly? Yes, it can. /
No, it can’t.

They can fly. They can’t / cannot fly. Can they fly? Yes, they can. /
No, they can’t.

We can fly. We can’t / cannot fly. Can we fly? Yes, we can. /
No, we can’t.

We use can to talk about our ability to do something.

15 Look at the activities in the box. Write sentences
about what you can or can’t do.

ride a bicycle play chess
draw cartoons cook a meal
sing a song in English swim underwater
swim 200 metres jump a metre
say the alphabet in English Count to 100 in English

I can ride a bicycle. I can’t play chess.

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16 Can you ….? Ask and answer. Use the clues given in
Exercise 15.

Can you ride Yes, I can.
a bicycle?

No, I can’t.

Can you
play chess?

Spelling
17 Write any ten words from the lessons you have learnt

in this chapter. Sit in pairs and ask the spelling of the
words to each other.

A : Can you spell crystal?
B : Yes, I can. C-R-Y-S-T-A-L.
A : Correct!

A : Can you spell cartoon?

B : Yes, I can. C-A-T-O-O-N.

A : I’m sorry. It’s incorrect. The correct
spelling is C-A-R-T-O-O-N.

A : Can you spell magician?
B : No, I can’t. Can you?
A : Yes, I can. M-A-G-I-C-I-A-N.

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18 Listen and sing.

What does he look like?
Is he short or tall?
What color are his eyes?
What does he look like?

He has short black hair and black eyes.
Is he tall? Yes he is.
He has very long arms and legs.

What does she look like?
Does she have long hair?
Are her ears small or big?
Does she wear glasses?

What does she look like?
She has long curly hair and blue eyes.
Is she tall? No she’s not.
She is short and has a small nose.

Speaking

When you ask about someone’s appearance we ask:
What does he/she look like?
While answering these questions, you must consider the person’s
height, weight, hair, eyes, face, colour, clothes and so.
Sometimes, we also add behaviours and habit of the person.

19 Describe your best friend in the class.

My best friend is Monica. She is tall and well-built. She
has long black hair. Her wavy hair comes up to her
waist. She often wears shirt and trousers. She loves
eating ice cream.

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Vocabulary

20 Match the description with picture by writing the letters
in the circles.

a. long, straight, black hair f. bald but has grey mustache

b. short, curly, brown hair g. plaited hair

c. short, wavy, black hair h. long, black mustache and
beard
d. short, straight, gray hair
and gray mustache i. spiky hair

e. pony tail

j. slim, tall girl in a sari
k. well built boy in a suit and glasses
l. white with big black eyes
m. short, white man in black shoes, brown pants and green T shirt.

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Listening
21 Which is Mohan’s picture? Listen and find.

Pronunciation yam you your
22 Listen and practise. judge June July

yellow yes yell

jelly joke jet

23 Listen and put the words in the correct boxes.

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Writing

Learn some writing mechanics.

We begin a We also begin the name of
sentence with a person or place with a capital
capital letter. letter. Names of languages,
countries and the days of the
week too begin with a capital

letter.

‘I’ is always
capital.

24 Use CAPITAL letters where necessary.

a. its name is lale.
______________________________________ .
b. she lives in kathmandu.
______________________________________ .
c. he can speak hindi, nepali and english.
______________________________________ .
d. jamuna and i can make kites.
______________________________________ .
e. madhu went to pokhara on monday.
______________________________________ .

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Describing a person

When you describe a person you may start using “be like”. Following
sentences give examples and details.

For example:

My grandfather is like a little My best friend is just like
boy. He loves sweets and Messi. He is a great footballer.

cakes very much. He scored five goals for our
team in Interschool tournament

last month.

25 Here are some people. Write a couple of sentences about
them as shown in the example. Use your notebook.

a. My teacher b. My father

c. My favourite player d. My sister/brother

26 Read the example and write a couple of sentences as in
the example. Use the describing words given in the box.

When we describe a person we often use describing words. We also
talk about abilities of the person as well.

young busy funny nice smart
hard-working talented clever old caring

Example:

My grandfather is old. He has wrinkles and can’t walk quickly.

a. My teacher b. My father

c. My favourite player d. My sister / brother

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27 Join the sentences as shown in the example.

My grandfather has a loud laugh. You can hear his laugh everywhere.
My grandfather has a loud laugh that you can hear everywhere.

Karina has many colour pencils. I want to borrow her colour pencils.
Karina has many pencils that I want to borrow.

a. He has a long mustache. His mustache looks like mouse tail.

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

b. Mona has beautiful eyes. Her eyes look like almonds.

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

c. Utshav has long hair. His hair looks like a bush.

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

d. Asmita puts on a tika. Her tika looks like a star.

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

28 Read a sample paragraph on “My Favourite Person.

My Favourite Person

My favourite person is my grandfather. He is tall and
old. He has gray and white hair. He does not have
much hair on the top of his head. He has big black
eyes. They look like mine. His ears are big too. He
has wrinkles and can’t walk quickly. He often takes
a stick while walking. He wears glasses to read.

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However, his age does not matter. He is just like a child. He loves
sweets and cakes. He loves watching cartoons with me. He cracks
jokes and laughs loudly. I love to be with him and listen to his stories.
Actually he is my best friend.

29 Look at the sample and brainstorming about your
favourite person. Then, prepare an outline.

My favourite person : Grandfather

Looks Characteristics

- gray and - old, has wrinkles
white hair
- can’t walk quickly, takes
- not much a stick while walking
hair on top
of head - like a child, loves
sweets and cakes
- big black
eyes (like - loves to watch cartoons
mine
- needs glasses to read
- big ears
- loves to tell jokes
Your brainstorming
My favourite person : - tells stories and laughs

Draw a picture of your Looks Characteristics
favourite person. ........................ ..........................................
........................ ..........................................
........................ ..........................................
........................ ..........................................
........................ ..........................................

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Now prepare your outlines.
Topic: ________________

Topic sentence : ________________________________________
________________________________________
Body or details:
Looks: ________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
Characteristics: ________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
Conclusion: ________________________________________
________________________________________

30 Now, write a paragraph. Use your notebook.

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4Lesson Sports

tennis court chess board

basketball court cricket pitch

boxing ring batsman badminton

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1 Listen and sing.

Rafting, biking what a fun.
Let’s play outside O, come on!
Skate in the park till it’s dark.
Let’s play outside O, come on!

Surfing, boating all can be
All these happen in the sea.
Come to court and throw the ball
The sport is volleyball

Table tennis, basketball
We love such sports all
Kabbdi and karate
Come on, come on
Let’s play!

Be in a room and play chess. 63
Be clever not to make a mess
Look at the sunny shiny day.
Come on! Come on! Let’s play.

Conversation
2 Listen and practise.

James : What sport do you play?

Jeena : I love playing chess? And you?

James : I love playing football. I often play it.

Jeena : How often do you play it?

James : Everyday. We have a futsal ground at our
school. We play there. We have game
periods as well. When do you play chess?

Jeena : At home with my dad. He loves playing
chess as well.

James : That’s great! If my dad played football!

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Speaking
3 Sit in pair and talk about your favourite sport. Use the

given questions.

What sports do you play?
When do you play?
How often do you play?
Who do you play with?
Where do you play?

Listening
4 Listen and write which sport Karun, Sona, Kristi

and Sujal play.

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5 Listen again and write true or false.

a. Sona likes team sports. _______

b. Sona needs a swim-suit to play her favourite sport. _______

c. Karun plays his favourite sport in a field near his home. _______

d. Sujal needs a bat and a ball to play his favourite game. _______

e. Eleven players play in the playground when Sujal and his friend
play the game. _______

f. Kristi likes outdoor games. _______

Grammar

Adverbs of frequency

always
usually
often
sometimes
never

An adverb is a word that Some adverbs answer
describes a verb. It tells you the question how often?.
about an action or the way
something is done. I never lose my pen.

Some adverbs tell Some adverbs tell Some adverbs tell
us when something us how something us where something
happened. happened. happened.
We went to the She danced I went to the park and
market yesterday. beautifully. met my friends there.

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An adverb of frequency tells us about how often something happens.
An adverb of frequency comes before the main verb but after the
forms of be.

Bimal always comes first in the exam. (before main verb)

I am never late for school. (after be verb)

6 Listen and sing.

Do you always take breakfast?
Yes, I do. Yes, I do.
I always take my breakfast.
And of course I do.

Are you ever late for school?
No, I’m not.
I’m never late for school.
Of course I’m not.

Do you ever bite your nails?
Well, sometimes.
I sometimes bite my nails.
Yes, I sometimes do that.

Do you always brush your teeth?
Yes, of course I always brush my teeth.
I never fail to do it.

Do you always make your bed?
Yes, I do.
I always make my bed...
Well,I usually make my bed...
Well,I often make my bed ...
but sometimes I forget.

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7 Rewrite the sentences using the words in the brackets.

Madan brings tiffin from home. (usually)
Madan usually brings tiffin from home.

Meena is late for school. (never)
Meena is never late for school.

a. Mother cooks chicken curry. (sometimes)
b. Bina gets tired. (often)
c. A tiger hunts at night. (usually)
d. Our teacher is angry. (never)
e. My father comes home at six o’clock in the evening. (usually)
f. We play in a swing in Dashain. (always)
g. Usha is late for class. (often)

8 Now write five sentences about yourself. Use the
adverbs of frequency. After you finish writing, share
your writing with the class.

I usually get up at six o’clock. I
always have my breakfast at seven
o’clock. I often do painting. This is
my hobby. I sometimes watch TV in
the morning after breakfast. I never

go swimming in the morning.

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9 Make true sentences about yourself. Use the given
phrases and adverbs of frequency.

w late for school w in a good mood
w read magazines w play football on the school ground
w sleep in the afternoon w speak politely with other people
w play the flute w friendly to my friends

I am sometimes late for school.
I always speak politely with other people.

Speaking

10 How often do you ….? Ask and answer.

How often do I always watch TV - forget homework
you watch TV? in the evening. - go shopping
- play dandi biyo
- watch movies
- watch TV
- play video games

How often do you How often do you I never swim
fly kites? swim in the river? in the river.

I sometimes fly kites.

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Learn more about frequency adverbs

If we want to say exactly how often we do things, we use following
expressions.

every day / month / year...

once a day / month/ year...

twice or two times a day / month / year...

thrice or three times a day / week / month / year...

four times a day / week / month ...

We put these expression at the end of the sentences.
I visit my grandparents every week.
I go for morning walk every day.
We drink tea twice a day.
We go on a holiday once a year.
I go to washroom four times a day.

11 Look at the table about Anish’s activities and write
sentences as shown in the example.

Day Week Month Year
1 2
goes swimming 2
reads a newspaper 3
visits grandparents
takes a shower 2
goes on holidays 4
watches movies

Example:
Anish goes swimming twice a week.

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12 Read and learn.

Sports Heroes

Sandip: Rising star in Nepali cricket.

Do you like cricket? If yes, you must
have heard of Sandip Lamichhane. He is
just 17 years old but he is already a star.
He has played many matches for Nepal.
He was included in National team when
he was just fifteen years old. When he
played in the Under -19 Cricket World
Cup in 2016, he was the second highest
wicket taker with 14 wickets.

He plays as a bowler. His bowling style
has attracted great cricketer as well.
He has been to Australia for playing
cricket. Michael Clark, former captain of
Australian Cricket team, was impressed
with his bowling and called him there. He
is studying in Clark’s cricket academy.
He has also become the first Nepali player to play in the Indian Premier
League (IPL).

A boy who was born in Syangja in western Nepal has now become a
national hero.

Bimal Gharti Magar: Youngest
footballer to score for Nepali national
team

Bimal Gharti Magar is a young footballer
from Nepal. The 19 year old footballer
has already been a national hero. He
started playing football at very young
age. He was already in Nepali national
team at the age of 14. He scored a goal

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for the team at the age fifteen in SAAF Championship held in 2013.
Till now, he is the youngest Nepali footballer to score for the national
team. Likewise, he is the sixth youngest footballer to play international
football.

Now he is playing from different clubs in Nepal and abroad. He has
already played for Dutch, Belgian and Spanish clubs. He has been an
inspiration for many young players from Nepal.

Mira Rai: A woman who runs in the mountains

Mira Rai was the winner of Adventure
of the year award of 2017. Do you know
what she does? She is an athlete. She is
a runner. National Geographic Channel
honoured her with the award for her
ability to run in the high mountains.

29 years old Rai was born in Bhojpur of
Eastern Nepal. As the eldest daughter
of her parents, she had to look after
her brothers and sisters. She also
had to bring water for the family. She
often worked in the fields and helped
her parents at home. She could not
go to school after she was 12. She
had to carry heavy sacks of rice to
sell in the market down hill. She often
walked along the rocky paths without any shoes. That was really hard.
However, it turned out to be a great training for a future runner.

In 2015, she was only woman among all male competitors to run 50
kilometers in the Himalayas. She beat everyone, all the men. This was
longest single running she had done up to that time. Since then she
has been participating in many international running competitions as
well. Today, world recognizes her as a great high mountain marathon
runner.

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Comprehension

13 Are these statements true or false? Write. ()

a. Sandip Lamichhane is a cricketer.

b. Bimal Gharti Magar scored for the national team at the age of

14. ()

c. Michael Clark is from Australia. ()

d. Mira Rai left school at 12 and started her training for running.

()

e. Mira won all the women in mountain race but not men. ( )

14 Match the players with their sports they play.

a. Bimal running

b. Sandip football

c. Mira cricket

15 Answer the following questions.

a. How old was Sandip when he came to national team?

b. How many wickets did he take in Under -19 Cricket World Cup,
2016?

c. Which international player has called Sandip to play?

d. Which countries has Bimal been to play football?

e. What is so special about Bimal? How is he unique among
footballers in Nepal?

f. What works did Mira do as young girl?

g. Why did Mira leave school so early?

h. What is Mira known as?

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i. What award did she win in 2017?
j. Which of the players do you like most? Why?

Vocabulary

We play different games in different places. For example, we play
football on the ground.

16 Choose the words and fill in the blanks correctly.

pitch court ring

board field table

a. We play volleyball in a ________________ .
b. We play chess on a chess ________________ .
c. We play boxing in a ________________ .
d. We play football in a football ________________ .
e. We play cricket on a ________________ .
f. We play table tennis on a _________ . It has court on the table.

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Grammar

The present simple

Positive Negative Question Short answer

I like… I don’t/do not like… Do I like…? Yes, I do./No, I
You like…
You don’t/do not Do you like…? don’t.
like…

He likes … He doesn’t/does not Does he Yes, he does./
She likes… like… like…? No, he doesn’t.
It likes…
She doesn’t/does Does she Yes, she
not like… like…? does./No, she
doesn’t.
It doesn’t/does not Does it like…?
like… Yes, it does./
No, it doesn’t.

They don’t/do not Yes, they do./

They like… like… Do they like…? No, they don’t.

We like… We don’t/do not Do we like…? Yes, we do./No,
like… we don’t.

17 Fill in the blanks with correct form of the verb.

a. We usually __________ (play) football after school.

b. We __________ (love) football, but our team isn’t very good.

c. Sometimes the coach __________ (shout) at us.

d. The players usually follow the coach but sometimes they _____
(not listen) to him.

e. The coach __________ (punish) the players when they
misbehave.

f. __________ your coach __________ (give) you any punishment?

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18 Write questions and short answers. ü means positive
answer and û mean negative answer.

Arjun / get up / early? ü Here you are making
Does Arjun get up early? yes / no-questions. Yes
Yes, he does.
a. Lila’s brother / eat / noodles? û / no questions seek
answers in yes or no.

b. Suman / like / sports? ü

c. your grandma / live / near here? û

d. you / tidy / your bedroom? ü

e. Anil and Mark / support / Manang Marsyangdi Club? û

19 Choose and write the correct word in each blank.

Mita and Manita are good friends. They
____________ (love / loves) music so
they ____________ (usually / never)
listen to their favourite songs after
school. They’re good students and they
____________ (always / sometimes)
work hard. They ____________ (never
/ often) ____________ (do / does) their
homework together, but not every day.
They ____________ (often / never) meet at the weekend because
Mita visits her uncle. But on Saturday evenings, they ____________
(always / never) ____________ (talk / talks) to each other on the
mobile phone.

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Speaking Yes, to confirm, we ask yes/no
questions but to get information
Questions
we ask wh-questions. What,
We often ask questions. where, when, how, who,
Sometimes, we ask
why, which and whose are all
questions to confirm if we question words.
are right. Some time we
need some information.

Notice the difference Who do you play against?
Who plays badminton in your class? What does he want?
What makes the noise? 

The answer to the questions on the left side comes before the verb.
However, the answers to the questions on the right side come after
the verb. Be careful while making questions.

20 Sit in pairs and ask and answer the questions.

Who is your favourite sports person?
Why do you like him or her?
Which colour jersey does he or she wear?
Whose game is better, Messi’s or Ronaldo’s?
Who are some of the famous sports personalities in Nepal?

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21 Collect photos of different sports persons from
magazine or newspapers and ask questions about
them.
Who is this player?

Where is he from?

Which sport does he play?

What does he look like?

Do you like him? Why?

22 Put the given words in the correct order to make sensible
questions. Then ask the questions to your friend.

sport / What / Messi / play ? / does
What sport does Messi play?
a. Which / is / country / from / Messi?
b. next / the / Olympics / are / when?
c. Serena Williams / whose / sister / is?
d. is / Baikuntha Manandhar / who ?
e. from / where / Michael Jordan / is?

23 Write questions with the help of the given clues.

What / your name
What’s your name?

a. When / your birthday? b. What / your favourite sport?

c. Why / you like it? d. Who / your favourite sports star?

e. What sports / you play? f. Which sport / you watch on TV?

English Skills Book - 4 77

24 Here are some statements. Make a question using
the given question word. The answer is highlighted.

a. My father brings me books. (who)
b. Injection makes him cry. (what)
c. He does not come school because he has to work at home. (why)
d. He lives in Kathmandu. (where)
e. He misses class twice a week. (how often)
f. She dances beautifully? (how)
g. Sunaina’s kite goes higher. (whose)

25 Go to the front of the class. Your friends will ask
you the questions given above. They may ask more
questions of their own. Answer them.

Pronunciation

26 Listen and practise saying these words.
Pay attention to how c is pronounced in each
word.

cricket country catch control

carpet choir

city circle circus cinema

centre cycle

champion change chase chore

cheap chicken

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Dictionary Skill

27 Are these words verbs or nouns? Look into a dictionary
and find out. Then use each word in a sentence of your
own.

chicken speak chore take
check
carpet chef champion

We ate chicken for dinner yesterday. (noun)

Writing

Compare and contrast essay

We often need to compare and contrast between two things, person
or ideas. When you are looking for similarities and differences, you
can write compare and contrast essay.

Basketball and Volleyball

Both, basketball and volleyball are
popular games. Many schools have both
basketball and volleyball courts. People
prefer one game to another. However,
these two games have many similarities
and differences.

Basketball and volleyball have many
similarities. Both of them are
team sports. Like basketball,
volleyball is also played in a
court. We need a ball to play
basketball. Similarly, we need
a ball to play volleyball as
well. To play both the games,
players need to jump and
block the ball. In many ways,
they are similar.

English Skills Book - 4 79

However, these two sports are different in many ways. A basketball
team has five players whereas a volleyball team has six players. In
volleyball a net is kept in the middle. However, basketball does not
need any net like that but needs a basket. Unlike volleyball, basketball
is bigger and mostly orange. Volleyball score comes from the mistake
of your opponent. In contrast, basketball score is made by the team
player by throwing the ball into opponent’s basket. Thus, these two
sports are very different from each other.

In conclusion, we can say that basketball and volleyball have some
similarities and differences. Whatever it may be, I enjoy both the
games. They are good sports.

Before we write an essay, we need to plan our essay. First
phase is brainstorming:

Basketball Similarities Volleyball

has five players Team sports has six players

played with bigger Need balls played with a light
orange ball ball colour can be
played in a court any
score is made by
throwing the ball players need to score is made by
jump to block opponent’s mistake
no need of net
needs a net but not
needs a basket a basket.

Essay outline

Basketball and Volleyball

Introduction

Basketball and Volleyball are popular games. ....there are similarities
and differences between them.

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Body

Paragraph 1

Topic sentence:

Basketball and volleyball are similar in many ways.

w team sports w need balls

w played in a court w players jump to block

Paragraph 2
Topic sentence:
Basketball and Volleyball are different in many ways.
w five player Vs six players
w bigger ball, orange colour Vs smaller ball with no specific colour
w the way score is made is different, basketball score by throwing

the ball into basket in volleyball opponent’s mistake is your point

Conclusion

Basketball and volleyball are similar and different in many ways.
However, they are great sports.

28 Write a compare and contrast essay on Cricket and
Football. Before you write, prepare brainstorming
chart and outline.

Cricket and Football

Cricket Similarities Football

English Skills Book - 4 81

Cricket and Football

Introduction

Body
Paragraph 1
Topic sentence:

82 English Skills Book - 4

Paragraph 2
Topic sentence:
Conclusion

English Skills Book - 4 83

5Lesson Food and Festivals

burger lantern fireworks

decorations mask gift

Conversation
1 Listen and practise.

It’s Mukesh’s birthday today. His friends have come to the party.

Soni : Would you like some
cake, Sandeep?

Sandeep : No cake for me, thanks.
I’ve already had some.

Khusbu : Sister, can I have some
ice-cream, please?

Soni : Here, you are. Are you
OK or you need more?

Khusbu : Thank you, sister. It’s

84 English Skills Book - 4

enough for me.
Soni : Do you want some juice, Sandeep?
Sandeep : I would love it.
Soni : Here you are.

Speaking

2 Sit in groups and play a game.

Sit in a group of five to six students. Write four of your favourite food
items on a piece of paper. You can draw the food item as well. Then,
cut them into pieces. Then mix all the pieces. Among your group
members, one person will keep the food. Rest of the members will
ask for the food. Sometimes, the server can offer using appropriate
language.

Offer Responding to an offer
Would you like some...?
Do you need...? No, thank you. I am full.
Do you want some...? Thanks. It looks yummy.
Are you OK or you need more? I would love it.
A bit more please. / All right,
it’s enough.

Ask for food Response to request

Can I have some...? Of course. Here you are.

Would you give me...? Sure. Here you are.

Is there some rice / pudding...? Sorry, we ran out of rice/....

Are there some cookies / Sorry, we have only a few
apples...? now....

English Skills Book - 4 85

Reading
3 Read the party poster and answer the questions.

BRING A FRIEND (NO PARENTS!)

w Special Cake with Chicken & Mutton Momo, Pizzas, Burgers

and Juice rTei(ccRekspett5iso0naev@axtilraRabsfloe1r5aa0tntphoeeurtsspciedhreosroo)ln

w Great Music

w Games, Prizes And Many More!

TViemneue: S:uInndTahye1S4chSoeoplteGmymbeHra5llpm - 7 pm

At the twilight, To everybody’s delight

Come to XYZ School on time

Contact: 002255633

86 English Skills Book - 4

Comprehension
4 From the poster write words similar in meaning to the

following.

a. self-serving meal: ________________
b. the entrance where guests first come: ________________
c. father and mother: ________________
d. on sale: ________________
e. goat meat: ________________
f. sunset ________________
g. happiness ________________

5 Answer the following questions.

a. When is the party?
b. What can you eat?
c. Who can you bring with?
d. How long is the party time?
e. What activities can you do?
f. Where is the party?
g. Where can you buy the tickets?
h. How much do you need to pay if you don’t study in XYZ?
i. Where do you contact for more information?

English Skills Book - 4 87

a and an Grammar
There is and There are
We use there is with
singular nouns and there
are with the plural nouns.
With uncountable nouns, we

always use there is.

6 Read the given list and put the words in the correct
columns.

milk potato tomato water ghee

rice plate bowl meat spoon

Countable Uncountable

7 Use a or an. Remember! Sounds and
letters are not same in
We use a or an before English. In English, there are
a singular noun. 26 letters including five vowel
letters and 21 consonant
Before words starting letters. However, there are 44
with a vowel sound, sounds. 20 vowel sounds and
we use an and before 24 consonant sounds.
words starting with a
consonant sound we

use a.

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Be careful! NOT an useful book
a useful book NOT an uniform
a uniform NOT a hour
an hour
f. _____ European car
a. _____ fresh onion g. _____ friendly monster
b. _____ helpful friend h. _____ great party
c. _____ sweet dish i. _____ confused crowd
d. _____ empty bowl j. _____ melodious song
e. _____ honest person

8 Use some or any. some
We use some in
Mark : I’m hungry. Is there _______ positive sentences.
bread? We use some
with plural and
Muna : Yes, there is. But there isn’t uncountable
_______ butter. nouns.

Mark : OK. Do you have _______ any
eggs? We use any in negative
sentences and
Muna : Yes, I do. There are questions. We use any
_______ eggs in the fridge. with all types of nouns.
Let’s make a cheese She does not want any
omelette. coffee. Are there any
bowls?
Mark : Well, we have _______ milk,
but we don’t have _______ English Skills Book - 4 89
cheese.

Muna : Oh! Well, let’s go to the cafe
and have momo.

Using the
We use the when we talk about something and the speaker and the
listener know which one we are talking about.
Would you like the cheese or the chicken sandwich?
Could I have the cheese sandwich, please?
Did you bring the laptop? (The speaker and the listener both
know which laptop they are talking about.)

We use the when we talk about something for the second time.
She's got a bicycle. The bicycle is blue.

We also use the before ordinal numbers in dates, especially when we
are speaking.
the third of February, the tenth of June

We use the when we talk about musical instruments.
I play the piano. She plays the guitar.

We use the when we talk about religious books and rivers as well.
The Ramayana is a story about Lord Rama.
Pashupaitnath temple is on the bank of the Bagmati River.
The Ganges is a holy river. The Nile is the longest river.

We use the with adjectives like : highest, fastest, slowest, etc.
Kanak is the tallest boy in our class.

In some cases we do not use articles:
We do not use articles with plural and uncountable nouns when we
talk about them in general or when we mean all.
Teachers work in schools. Fruit is good for you. Homework is
important.

90 English Skills Book - 4

We also do not use articles with names of persons, cities, most
countries, languages and school subjects.
Sailesh is a nice boy.
Kathmandu is a city.
Mathematics is good for students.
English is an international language.

9 Circle the correct article.

a. There are some books and some newspapers on the table.
“Can I read a / an / the books?”

b. My dad is a / an / the engineer.

c. My dad is a / an / the tallest person in my family.

d. A : Can I borrow a / an / the pencil?
B : Yes. Would you like blue or black?

e. A : Mom, can I have a / an / the banana of that basket?
B : Sorry dear. That banana is for your sister.

f. A / An / The Bible is a holy book of Christians.

g. A / An / The Karnali is a / an / the longest river of Nepal.

h. Pokhara is a / an / the famous city.

i. There is a / an / the boy in my grade who is a / an / the best
football player in school. He is a / an / the very good swimmer
too, but he is not a / an / the good citizen because he has a / an /
the bad temper. One day, he threw a / an / the football through a
/ an / the open door. It hit a / an / the boy who was sitting on a /
an / the old chair.

English Skills Book - 4 91

10 Read the sentences in the table and the words in the
box. Then, look at the picture and ask and answer.

Singular Plural Non-count noun

There is an apple on There are some There is some rice in
the dish.
the table. apples on the table.
There isn’t any rice in
There isn’t any apple There aren’t any the dish.

on the table. apples on the table. Is there any rice in
the dish?
Is there an apple on Are there any apples

the table? on the table?

Short responses to the yes/no questions:
Yes, there is. Or No, there isn’t.
Yes, there are. Or No, there aren’t.

rice tea eggs grapes
cauliflower cake orange burger
juice ice cream chicken momos

Is there any rice? Are there any eggs?
Yes, there is. No, there aren’t.

92 English Skills Book - 4

Pronunciation
11 Read the information. Then, listen and repeat the

words.

A, an and the are normally not stressed.

a = /ə/ a bag, a house
a nurse
before a consonant sound a zebra an axe
an ant
an = /ən/ an actor the market
the milk
before a vowel sound an exam the airport
the orange
the = /ðə/ the house

before a consonant sound the rice

the = /ði/ the Atlantic

before a vowel sound. the umbrella

12 Tick the correct sound. Listen and check. Then,
listen and repeat.

a. _____ new coat /ə/ /ən/
b. _____ old man /ə/ /ən/
c. _____ new school /ði/ /ðə/
d. _____ first prize /ði/ /ðə/
e. _____ unusual festival /ə/ /ən/
f. _____ excellent student /ði/ /ðə/

English Skills Book - 4 93

Reading
13 Choose the name of the country and put it below each

map.

China India Nepal

14 Choose from the list and label the pictures.

Tihar candle moon cake lantern Dashain

94 English Skills Book - 4