Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 101 on the head, balancing on abdomen, balancing on the hands, etc. Balancing on hands Balancing on abdomen Glossary Calf : The muscular back part of the lower leg between the knee and the ankle. Crouch : To bend down with the knees close to the ground, often used to describe a defensive or hiding position. Flexible : Capable of bending or being bent without breaking or cracking, able to adapt or change to different situations. Illustration : A visual representation or image that helps to explain, clarify or decorate a text or concept. It can be created using various mediums such as drawings, paintings, or digital art.
102 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 Exercise A. Answer the following questions. a. Define athletics. Why is it important for us?. b. How can we perform ‘hop race’? c. Draw a picture illustrating the skill of gymnastics? d. What do you mean by rolling body? How is it performed? e. What are the advantages of swinging and climbing? f. Write short notes on: i. Rolling forward and backward ii. Balancing body in different positions
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 103 8 Minor, Local and Ball Games Before you get ready to read Activity Add any two other points to show the importance of games that you play with your friends. i. Games make us mentally fresh. ii. Our body gets adequate exercises while playing physical games. iii. Games and other gatherings help in improving friendship among people. iv. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
104 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 8.1 Introduction to General Games A game is a structured form of play, usually undertaken for entertainment or fun, and sometimes used as an educational tool. The simplest forms of games that can be played among friends without the help of any instruments are called general games. 'Game of picking up handkerchief ('Rumal tipne game'), Swatantra sahar game, and 'sailor (majhi dai') games are some of the common games that can be played among friends in the simple manner. Game of picking up handkerchief (Rumal tipne game) First, total students are divided into two groups with equal number in each. After performing a short warm-up exercise, both team members are assigned with numbers starting from one. So, there are two players, one from each team, assigned with a single number. Warm up exercises prepare the participants' body flexible, agile, and ready for effective performance during the play. Two parallel lines are drawn to divide the side for teams. In between the lines, there is a circle, where a handkerchief is placed. When the commander or the teacher announce a number, (for example: FIVE), the players assigned with that number from
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 105 both teams run fast to get the handkerchief. But, after a player picks up the handkerchief, he/she should safely return beyond the safety line without getting touched by the opponent one. If returns back safely one point is scored, but if could not return or touched by the opponent and the opponent gets a score. The game is played until the pre-determined time. And the winner is announced on the basis of total marks scored by the team. 'Swatantra sahar' game This game starts with warm-up exercises. Depending upon the total number of participants, some areas are marked on the playground. The areas are given names from the towns randomly. A leader is selected and the leader orders the rest of the players to gather in a particular town. While moving towards the
106 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 town, the leader tries to touch others but other players try to save from the leader. A new leader is made with the touch of active leader. The game is very interesting. It is a group game that is played among classmates on playground at school. 'Majhi dai' game This game starts with warm-up exercises. Among them one becomes sailor (majhi dai) and remaining all become travellers. On the playground, there is trace mark of river with two lines. The sailor (majhi dai) remain confined within two either banks (margins) of river while others are allowed to run across the river. While crossing river, the players cant 'majhi dai majhi dai, nadi taarideu' or 'oh sailor--sailor, take me across river' repeateadly while running. During their run, they try to stay safe from the sailor's touch. If, touched, the new one becomes the sailor and the previous sailor takes rest. Game continues until a single runner, the winner, remains untouched. 8.2 Local Games The games which are developed indigenously and played with locally developed rules with the friends are called local games. Dandibiyo and Baghchal are common examples of local games played in various parts of our country. Activity Apart from your electronic device-based games, which games have you played on the playground? Select one of your favourite outdoor games and describe the rules of the game in the classroom.
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 107 8.2.1 Collection of local games Local games differ from place to place. The nature of local games is also determined by the locally available resources. A number of local games are specific to a land structure, shrubs available at the game-site, climate, and season. Therefore all local games may not be palyed everywhere. Activity Collect any three local games' information in your worksheet. Write general introduction and rules of the games. Present your work to your teacher and in the classroom. a. Lakkudhal game Lakku is a set of seven flat stones arranged vertically errrect. Before starting the game, total players are divided into two teams having equal number of players. By a toss, a team hits the lakku with a ball to breakdown the vertical arrangement of stones. The hitting chance alters across two teams continuously until a team gets success.
108 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 After the stones of lakku fall down with a hit, the ball is caught by the players of opponent team. They try to make the striker team members out by hitting them with the ball on their body. If all members of the team are made out in this way, the fielder team wins the game. Conversely, if the striker team members successfully set the lakku errect again with vertical arrrangement of all stones, they are declared winner. Therefore, they try to complete their task of reformation of lakku before they are out. b. Dandibiyo game Dandibiyo is played with a stick (dandi) about 2 feet (61cm) long and a wooden piece of about 6 inches (15cm) long and almost equal diameter. It is played between two teams, consisting of more than five players, of even numbers, in each team. Standing in a small circle, the player balances the biyo on a stone in an inclined manner with one end of the biyo touching the ground while the other end is in the air. The player then uses the dandi to hit the biyo at the raised end, which flips it into the air. While it is in the air, the player strikes the biyo,
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 109 hitting it to send as far as possible. Having struck the biyo, the player is required to run and touch a pre-agreed point outside the circle before the biyo is retrieved by an opponent. There are no specific dimensions of Dandibiyo and it does not have a limited number of players. The biyo goes to air after it is struck. If a fielder from the opposing team catches the biyo, the striker is out. If not, the striker scores points. The points are counted by measuring the distance by biyo on the basis of one point per unit dandi’s length. If the striker is not out, he gets another opportunity to strike. If the striker fails to hit the biyo in three tries, the striker is out and the turn goes to the other team (or individual). The team with the higher scores earned in the given time wins the game. c. Cock-fight game Cock-fighting is a local game preferably liked by many children in Nepal. It is also a game with two or more players. In the game, the participant raises one leg and holds it with their hand. The game must be played with everyone in the same position. Since, standing for an extended period of time is challenging, the game is won by the player who endures the most.
110 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 In this game, all come to the aforestated position and start hitting each others with lateral side or shoulder. While doing so, many players cannot stand on a single leg for prolonged time. Those who step down the raised leg, are declared out. The players who persist for the longest period during the game is declared winner. Activity Draw a picture of seven players playing dandi-biyo on a playground. Collect all works and paste the best one on your activity wall in the classroom. 8.3 Ball Games in Group A. Football Football is regarded as the most interesting and popular game all over the world. There are maximum numbers of football fans in the world. It is a ballgame played between two teams of eleven players in each team. Football needs a wide ground to play.
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 111 The ground of football has a dimension of 100 x 64 metres divided into two equal halves by a centre line. There are two goal posts at the back side of each half. Each team tries to advance the ball towards the opponent’s goal post. The game is played in two halves of 45 minutes each with an interval of 15 minutes. Activity Look at the given picture and make two teams of your friends. Arrange them in opposite corners of the playground. Now, practise the skills of trapping and kicking the football according to the illustration presented in the picture. B. Basketball It is a ball game played between two teams of five players in each team. There are two baskets set on a ring on the backboards that are set at each end line of the court. Points are scored if the ball is put in the basket. Players try their best to put the ball inside the opponents’ basket to score the points. The basic skills required for playing basketball effectively are passing, dribbling and catching the ball.
112 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 Activity Look at the given picture and practise the skills of passing, dribbling and catching the basketball according to the illustration. C. Dodgeball It is an interesting game played between two teams. Each team may have six to nine players. The court is divided into two halves and players arrange themselves in their own half of the court. Three to four players of each team stand behind the end line of opponents' court. Now the players catch, pass, and try to hit the opponents. If they can hit any part of the opponent's body they get one score. The opponent player goes behind the end line of opponents' court and sends a player into his/her court from there. If the ball thrown by a player does not touch any opponent player, this is received by those who are standing behind the opponent’s end line. If the ball goes out of control or touches the ground outside the court, it goes to the other team. This game is played for 10 minutes. The team scoring higher
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 113 points during the play is declared winner. Some other rules of dodgeball are as follows: i. There is a toss in the beginning to determine which team starts the ball first. ii. Players cannot cross the central line and any other boundary lines during the play. iii. The player who becomes out must exchange his/her position with a player standing behind the opponents' court. iv. The ball goes to opponents' team if the ball goes out of control of them or touches the ground outside the court. Glossary Agility : The ability to move quickly and easily with grace and coordination, often used in the context of physical activities such as sports or dance. Effective : Having the intended or desired outcome or effect, producing a result that is successful or satisfactory. Endure : To persist through difficult or challenging circumstances or situations, to continue to exist or function over time. Opponent : A person or group that is competing against another in a contest, game, or dispute. Predetermined : Decided in advance or established before an event or action takes place, often used to describe a plan or outcome that has been predetermined.
114 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 Exercise A. Answer the following questions. a. What is a local game? Define. b. Briefly explain the rules of dandi-biyo? c. What are the basic skills of football? d. Give a brief introduction to basketball. e. What are local games? Define. f. How is lakkidhal played? Describe.
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 115 9 Yoga Before you get ready to read Activity Have you ever heard about any yoga guru? Ask your friends and guardians and collect names of any three active yoga teachers. i. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
116 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 9.1 Introduction to Yoga and Yogik Exercise Yoga is a combination of physical and mental exercises. There is a scientific posture of body maintained by the person instead of repeated and rapid physical movement. Yoga is very important for increasing physical fitness and mental alertness. Some of yoga can heal certain chronic diseases also. High degree of mental concentration is a unique feature of yoga. Some examples of yoga are Tadasana and Trikonatasana. 9.1.1 Aasana Asana is a stationary posture in Yoga. It is performed in a body posture with pre-defined scientific manner. It helps us develop the habit of discipline and ability of concentration. Discipline and concentration are very important for meditation. Asanas can be defined as the appropriate and yogic postures of the body at the time of performing meditation. Asanas make the body agile, strong, smooth, and healthy. They make different
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 117 internal and external organs active. Mountain pose (tadasana) and triangular pose (trikonasana) are two of beneficial aasanas among them. Tadasana In Sanskrit language, 'taada' means mountain. Therefore, this pose is also called mountain pose. In order to perform this pose, follow the below-mentioned instructions carefully. 1. Stand with the feel parallel, about two inches apart. 2. Raise your both hands forward making them parallel to each other. 3. When the hands become parallel to the ground, keep the fingers crossed. Keep the palms faced outwards. 4. Lift and spread your toes about two inches apart. Raise your heel and crossed hands upwards together. Inhale simultaneously. 5. Keep your hands straight upright and heel railed for about 15 seconds. 6. Let your arms relax beside your torso, palms facing in or forward. Bring your heels down simultaneously. 7. Repeat the above steps for ten times.
118 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 9.1.1 Trikonasana In Sanskrit language, 'trikona' means triangle. Therefore, this pose is also called triangle pose. In order to perform this pose, follow the below-mentioned instructions carefully. 1. Starting position: Stand erect with legs spread to the width of the shoulders. Keep hands to the side. Balance the body to achieve equilibrium. 2. Breathe in and raise hands to shoulder height. 3. Breathing out, bend to one side so that fingers touch feet. Try to bend only at the waist and keep shoulder, knees and elbows straight so that the bending action is maximized. 4. While bending, keep face straight but move eyes sideways to gaze at the fingertips of the hands that are in the air. 5. Breathing in, come back to straight position. 6. Breathe in and bring hands back to side. People with heart problem should do this exercise slowly because of the aerobic nature of the asana. Activity Imagine that you are a yoga-guru teaching the technique of Tadana to the audiences. Keep any five friends (disciples) in front of you and act out your role.
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 119 9.1.2 Pranayama Introduction to Pranayama The term ‘Pranayama’ is made up of two root terms. They are: Pranayama = Prana + Aayama ‘Prana’= life, oxygen, breath ‘Aayama’= dimension, issues Pranayama means the extension of the breath and life force. Pranayama primarily consists of Asana and breathing exercises. Kapalbhati, one of the powerful part of Pranayama, is described below. Practice of Pranayama Pranayama means the extension of the breath and life force. While practising pranayama, we need to focus on breath and mind both. Kapalbhati is a common example of prarnayama. Let's learan the steps of Kapalbhati. Steps of Kapalbhati i. Sit in a comfortable yogic posture. ii. Make a suitable hand gesture. iii. Inhale deeply (First breath). iv. Exhale active and inhale passively. v. Repeat and relax. 9.2 Meditation Meditation is the practice of thinking deeply in silence, in order to make the mind calm. Through regular mediation, levels of stress can be reduced as well as managed. Meditation is a relaxation technique like yoga and deep breathing that
120 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 activates the body’s relaxation response. When meditation is practised regularly, it leads to decrease in our stress levels in everyday life. Meditation gives a boost in our feelings of happiness and calmness. It increases our ability to stay cool, calm and composed under pressure. Effective meditation is free from any kind of other distraction. Research has shown that meditation has benefits on mental health, including decrease in depression, increase in positive emotional state and increases in the ability to deal with unavoidable stressful conditions in life. Meditation not only involves relaxation but also the active growth of positive mental states such as affection, kindness, sympathy, tolerance and energy. The benefits of meditation are many. Meditation also helps in increasing creative levels of mind. While practicing meditation, our heart rate and breathing slows down, blood pressure becomes normal, sweating becomes less and oxygen
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 121 can be used more efficiently. Moreover, our immune system functions well. In short, meditation is magnificent and effective in temporary stress reduction and long-term health. A clear and peaceful state of mind can be achieved through this practice. Meditation increases positive thinking, attention levels and awareness to reduce stress. Thus, meditation should be suggested as a treatment for the prevention of many stressrelated conditions. Glossary Chronic : Describing a medical condition that persists or recurs over a long period of time, often used to describe a condition that is difficult to cure or manage. Equilibrium : A state of balance or stability, often used to describe physical or mental states where forces or influences are in harmony or alignment. Medication : A substance used to treat or prevent disease, often in the form of pills, liquids, or injections. Stress : A state of mental or emotional strain or tension caused by adverse or demanding circumstances, often accompanied by physical symptoms such as increased heart rate or sweating. Torso : The main part of the human body, excluding the head and limbs, including the chest, abdomen, and back. Yogic : Related to or associated with yoga, an ancient practice that emphasizes physical postures, breathing techniques, and meditation to promote physical and mental health.
122 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 Exercise A. Answer the following questions. a. What is yoga? b. Briefly explain the importance of yoga for our health. c. How is tadasana practised? Explain in short. d. Draw a picture illustrating the pose of trikonasana. e. Elaborate the meaning of pranayama. f. What is meditation? What are its benefits?
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 123 10 Drawing and Colour Before you get ready to read Activity 1 Colour the given sketch to make it attractive.
124 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 10.1 Introduction to Drawing Drawing is an art of making pictures and sketching with the help of a pencil or any other writing instrument. Besides normal pencils, we can use crayon charcoal or colour pencils for drawing. Drawing gives us a preliminary picture of images. In order to make a line-drawing, we have to choose a thin writing device and start drawing slowly with an imaginary picture in our mind. Our imagination of the picture and the movement of our hand determine the level of our creativity. The lines may be straight or curved or zigzag according to the imagination and shape of the object. We can improve our drawing skill by practising it on a regular basis. 10.2 Drawings based on Various Types of Lines Line drawing in art refers to the use of lines to create a visual representation of a subject or object. Line drawings can be simple or complex and can range from rough sketches to highly detailed renderings. Line drawing is an important element in drawing because it forms the basis for creating all other aspects of a piece of artwork, such as shading, texture, and form. Line can convey mood and emotion, express movement, and define the contours and shapes of objects. Additionally, lines can also create a sense of depth and perspective. In drawing, lines can be used to create a variety of effects, such as gestural marks that suggest movement or contour lines that define the shapes and forms of objects. Line drawings can also be used to create tonal drawings, where variations in line weight and shading are used to suggest the three-dimensional
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 125 form of the subject. Overall, line drawing is a fundamental part of the drawing process and plays a crucial role in creating a successful artwork. There are different types of lines that are to be drawn in an art as per necessary. They may be straight, horizontal, vertical, diagonal, spiral, curved, or zigzag lines. • A straight line is a line that extends indefinitely in both directions and does not curve. • A horizontal line is a straight line that runs from left to right and has no vertical component. • A vertical line is a straight line that runs from top to bottom and has no horizontal component. • A diagonal line is a straight line that runs from one corner to another of a shape, but is not horizontal or vertical.
126 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 10.3 Drawings Based on Various Shapes To make a drawing with a pencil, start by sketching out the basic outline of your subject. Use light, fluid strokes to create the basic shapes and lines. Gradually build up the details by adding shading and texture. Experiment with different levels of pressure to create different shades and create depth in your drawing. Activity 2 Activity under the supervision and instruction of teacher • Divide the students into small groups of 3 to 4 individuals in each. • Provide each group with a large sheet of paper and a variety of drawing tools, such as pencils, charcoal, or markers. • Give each group a set of examples of straight lines, curve lines, spiral lines, and other basic line drawings. • Encourage each group to practise drawing these lines on their paper, paying attention to the pressure they apply, the speed of their strokes, and the overall quality of their lines. • After they have had a chance to practise, ask each group to create a collaborative drawing that incorporates all of the different types of lines they have practiced. • Have each group present their drawings to the class and discuss the various techniques and approaches used in each one. Encourage students to offer constructive feedback to each other.
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 127 10.4 Simple Outline Sketch An outline sketch is a preliminary drawing that defines the basic shapes and forms of a subject. It is used as a starting point for more detailed drawings and paintings. The outline is typically drawn with a light pencil or charcoal, allowing for easy erasing and adjustments. The focus is on capturing the basic shapes, proportions and placement of the elements in the subject. Outline sketches can be used for still life, portrait, landscape or any other type of subject matter. They help artists to refine their composition, refine proportions and find the right balance in their artwork. In drawing art, a shape means a flat area surrounded by edges or an outline. There are various kinds of shapes like squares, rectangles, trapeziums, circles, and triangles used in drawing arts. The shapes are the basic outlines of a drawing design. With the help of basic shapes, a drawing expects its live characteristics. In every drawing there may be use of various types of geometrical shapes.
128 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 Sometimes we require irregular shapes to create a drawing of irregular objects. The following steps are very often used in drawing. Activity 3 Let's go through an activity for an outline sketch. This outline sketch activity is a great plan to do in the classroom with friends. Here’s how you can make it happen: i. Gather your friends and ask your teacher if they would be willing to host the activity. ii. Set up a still life composition on a table, using objects like fruits, flowers, or everyday items. iii. Take some time to study the objects and their placement. iv. Start creating your outline sketches, focusing on the basic shapes and forms of the objects. v. Share your sketches with each other and discuss the challenges you faced and the solutions you came up with. vi. Compare and admire each other’s work, and learn from each other’s strengths and weaknesses.
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 129 This activity is a great way to have fun, bond with your friends, and improve your artistic skills at the same time. Activity 4 For this activity, students will draw a simple line drawing of a house, garden, flower, and tree and add color using crayons, colored pencils, or markers. Think about the colors you choose and share your finished drawing and thoughts with the class. Discuss what you’ve learned about using line and color. Reflect on your growth as an artist and identify areas for improvement. Have fun and be creative! 10.5 Drawing of Animals, Plants and Birds Line drawing is a popular art form that involves creating images using only lines. When it comes to drawing plants, animals and birds, line drawing can be a great way to capture their unique shapes and features. By carefully observing the curves and angles of an animal or bird, an artist can create a simple yet powerful representation
130 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 of the creature using just a few lines. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced artist, line drawing can be a fun and rewarding way to explore the natural world and create art that is both expressive and meaningful. 10.6 Colours in Drawing Color is a very important part of art and can be used to create all kinds of interesting and beautiful images. In line drawing, color is often used to add depth and dimension to a drawing, making it look more realistic and engaging. Colors can also be used to highlight specific parts of a drawing or to create contrast between different elements. For example, using a bright red color for a bird's beak can make it stand out against a background of green leaves. It's important to choose colors that work well together, such as using complementary colors like blue and orange or green and red, which can make a drawing more visually appealing. When coloring a line drawing, it's important to use a light touch and to blend the colors carefully to create a smooth and
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 131 even appearance. With practice, you can learn how to create beautiful and expressive drawings using color and line. 10.7 Cool and Warm Colours in Drawing Colors can be grouped into two main categories: cool colors and warm colors. Cool colors include blue, green, and purple, and they tend to create a calm and relaxing mood. Warm colors include red, yellow, and orange, and they tend to create a lively and energetic feeling. Colors can be used to create different moods and emotions in a drawing, such as using warm colors create a happy and energetic feeling, or cool colors create a calm and relaxing mood. Cool colors are often associated with natural elements like water, sky, and plants, and can be used to create a sense of tranquillity and serenity. They are also great for creating depth and contrast in a drawing. Cool colors
132 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 Warm colors Warm colors, on the other hand, are often associated with fire, sun, and energy, and can be used to create a sense of excitement and movement. They are also great for drawing attention to specific elements in a drawing and for creating a feeling of warmth and comfort. Both cool and warm colors have their own unique properties and can be used in various ways to create interesting and engaging artwork. By understanding the differences between these two types of colors, artists can create drawings that are not only visually appealing but also convey a specific mood or feeling. Activity 5 Draw three different pictures of a mango with different intensity of depth and light. Use appropriate shading to illustrate the difference between the intensity of light and depths of each mango.
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 133 10.8 Drawing with patterns Let's imagine you're drawing a simple still life of a vase of flowers. You could create a pattern on the vase by repeating a series of curved lines or circles, which would add texture and visual interest to the drawing. Similarly, you could create a pattern on the leaves of the flowers by repeating a series of lines to represent veins. In drawing, a pattern refers to a repeated design or motif that is used to create a decorative or visual effect. Patterns can be used to add interest and texture to a drawing, and can be created using a variety of different shapes, lines, and colors. Another example of a pattern in drawing could be a series of geometric shapes, such as triangles, circles, or squares, that are repeated in a particular arrangement to create a visually striking design. These types of patterns are often used in abstract or modern art to create a sense of movement or energy. Patterns in drawing art may be repeated or non-repeated. A checkerboard is an example of a repeated pattern in drawing
134 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 art. It consists of a series of squares that are arranged in alternating colors. Another example could be a series of floral motifs that are repeated in a regular or irregular pattern. Stripes drawing is another examples of a repeated pattern in drawing art. Stripes consist of a series of parallel lines that are all the same width and spaced evenly apart. Another example could be a series of dots that are repeated in a regular or irregular pattern. A repeated pattern in drawing art is a design or motif that is used in a regular or predictable way to create a visual effect. This type of pattern consists of one or more elements that are repeated in a consistent way to create a sense of rhythm and repetition. The elements may be identical or similar, and they may be arranged in a variety of ways to create different effects. Non-repeated pattern in drawing art is a design or motif that does not repeat in a predictable way. This type of pattern consists of elements that are unique and may be arranged in an irregular or random way. Non-repeated patterns can be used to create a sense of variety, spontaneity, and uniqueness in a drawing.
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 135 A spiral is an example of a non-repeated pattern in drawing art. Each curve of the spiral is unique and doesn't repeat in a predictable way. Another example could be a hand-drawn map, which may have a variety of lines, shapes, and symbols that don't repeat in a consistent way. A drawing of a tree is an example of a non-repeated pattern in drawing art. Each branch and leaf is unique, and the overall shape of the tree is not repeated in a predictable way. Another example could be a portrait of a person, which may have a variety of lines, shapes, and shading that don't repeat in a consistent way. Activity 6 (Activity Title: Pattern Play) Materials Required: White drawing paper, Pencils, Colored pencils , Markers Instructions to the students: 1. Start by thinking about what a pattern is. A pattern is a repeated design or motif that creates a visual effect. Some examples of patterns are stripes, checks, and polka dots. 2. Take a sheet of white drawing paper and a pencil. 3. Draw a simple shape or design in the center of your paper, such as a circle, square, or star.
136 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 contd.... Activity 6 4. Create a repeated pattern around your design. You can do this by drawing the same shape or design around the original one, or by creating a different shape or design that is repeated in a consistent way. 5. Use different colors and textures to create your pattern. You can use colored pencils or markers to add color, or you can experiment with different types of lines and shapes to create texture. 6. After you have created your pattern, share your drawing with the class. Explain your pattern and how you created it. 7. Display your drawing on a bulletin board or wall to create a classroom display that celebrates the beauty and variety of patterns in drawing art. Remember to have fun with this activity, and don't worry if your pattern doesn't look perfect. The most important thing is to be creative and enjoy the process of making art. An Interesting Story on Mural Painting Once upon a time, in a small town in Nepal, there was a man named Hasta Badahur Nakarmi who was a famous muralist. Hasta Badahur loved to paint big, colorful murals on the walls of public buildings like schools and government offices. He believed that art should be for everyone, not just for the wealthy. One day, the mayor of the town asked Hasta Badahur to paint a mural on the wall of the local school. The school was old and rundown and the children who went there didn't have much to look
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 137 forward to. Hasta Badahur was excited about the project and wanted to create a mural that would inspire the children and give them hope for a better future. Hasta Badahur spent many months working on the mural. He painted scenes of farmers working in the fields, children playing games, and families celebrating together. He used bright colors and bold lines to make the images come alive. The children in the school would stop by to watch him work, and he would often stop to talk to them and answer their questions about his art. When the mural was finished, it was a sight to behold. The colors were so bright and the images so lively that the children couldn't help but feel happy and inspired. The mural transformed the school and the community around it. People came from all over to see the mural and to talk to Hasta Badahur about his work. Years later, the children who had seen the mural grew up to become teachers, artists, and leaders in their community. They never forgot
138 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 the joy and inspiration that the mural had brought them, and they passed that spirit on to future generations. And so, the mural painted by Hasta Badahur Nakarmi became a symbol of hope and transformation for an entire town, and its legacy lives on to this day. 10.9 Mural Paintings Mural painting is a form of art that involves painting directly on a large surface, such as a wall or ceiling. This type of painting has been used for centuries to create beautiful and lasting works of art, often with a strong emphasis on storytelling and cultural expression. Murals can be found in different parts of the world, from ancient cave paintings to contemporary street art. They can be used for a variety of purposes, from religious and cultural expression to political and social commentary. Mural painting is an important and vibrant part of the world's artistic heritage, and it continues to inspire and captivate people of all ages and backgrounds. Mural painting is a vibrant and important part of Nepal's rich artistic and cultural heritage. It is important for various reasons in the context of Nepal. Some of the uses and importance of mural paintings are given below: Religious and cultural expression: Mural painting has been used in Nepal for centuries as a means of expressing religious and cultural ideas. Many of the murals found in temples, shrines, and other religious sites depict scenes from Hindu and Buddhist mythology, as well as important historical events and cultural traditions. Decorative purposes: Mural painting is also used in Nepal for decorative purposes, both indoors and outdoors. Murals are
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 139 often found on the walls of homes, shops, and public buildings, and they can add color, beauty, and personality to any space. Preservation of cultural heritage: Murals are an important part of Nepal's cultural heritage, and they help to preserve and celebrate the country's rich artistic traditions. Many of the murals found in Nepal are centuries old, and they offer a glimpse into the country's past, as well as its ongoing artistic and cultural vitality. Promotion of tourism: Nepal is a popular destination for tourists, and murals play an important role in promoting the country's unique cultural heritage. Murals are often featured in travel guides and other promotional materials, and they can help to attract visitors to Nepal, as well as to support local economies by encouraging cultural tourism. Activity 7 Participate in the following classroom activity under the direct guidance and supervision of your subject teacher. Choose a theme: Before beginning your mural painting, decide on a theme for your artwork. This could be anything from nature to history to social justice, depending on your interests and the goals of the project. Plan your design: Once you have a theme, sketch out a rough design for your mural. Think about how you will use color, texture, and scale to create an interesting and engaging composition. Prepare your materials: To create a mural, you will need paint, brushes, and a large surface to paint on. You may also want to consider using other materials, such as stencils, sponges, or tape, to create different effects.
140 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 Work collaboratively: Mural painting is often a collaborative process, so consider working with a group of classmates to create your artwork. This will allow you to share ideas, skills, and resources, and it will also give you an opportunity to practise teamwork and communication skills. Be patient and persistent: Mural painting can be a time-consuming process, so be patient and persistent as you work. Take breaks as needed, and be willing to make changes to your design as you go. Have fun and express yourself: Mural painting is a wonderful opportunity to express your creativity and to have fun with your classmates. Don't be afraid to experiment and take risks with your artwork, and enjoy the process of creating something beautiful and meaningful together. Exercise A. Match the following: A B Principles of art • drawing, mural painting Forms of art • picasso Uses of mural painting • religious expression, cultural expression, tourism promotion Famous painter • balance, contrast, harmony, . unity Art technique • perspective, Rhythm, movement Sense created by repeated patterns • collaborative, time-consuming
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 141 B. Tick on True or False based on the text of "Mural Painting". i. The principles of art include balance, contrast, harmony, and unity. (True / False) ii. Perspective in art is the technique used to create the illusion of depth and space. (True / False) iii. Drawing is a form of art that involves creating images by making marks on a surface. (True / False) iv. Mural painting is a form of art that involves painting directly on a large surface. (True / False) v. Repeated patterns in drawing art can help create a sense of rhythm and movement in a work of art. (True / False) vi. Non-repeated patterns in drawing art are identical throughout the artwork. (True / False) vii. Mural paintings have been used in Nepal for centuries for both religious and cultural expression. (True / False) viii. One of the uses of mural painting in Nepal is to promote tourism. (True / False) C. Answer the following questions. a. What are the principles of art? b. What is perspective in art? c. What is drawing? d. What is mural painting? e. How can repeated patterns create a sense of movement in a work of art? f. Are non-repeated patterns identical throughout a work of art? g. What is the historical and cultural significance of mural paintings in Nepal? h. What are some uses of mural painting in Nepal?
142 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 11 Printmaking and Clayworks Before you get ready to read An interesting story on printmaking Once upon a time, there was a young artist named Nishu who wanted to learn how to create prints. She signed up for a printmaking class and was excited to learn new skills. On the first day of class, the instructor demonstrated how to carve a linoleum block. Nishu picked up her carving tool and confidently started chiseling away at the block, determined to create a masterpiece. But as she worked, she began to realize that carving was harder than it looked. Her lines were shaky and uneven, and she accidentally carved away parts of her design that she didn't mean to.
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 143 Feeling frustrated, Nishu turned to her neighbor, a seasoned printmaker named Amoon. "I can't do this," she groaned. "My block looks like a disaster." Amoon chuckled. "Don't worry," he said. "Printmaking is all about making mistakes. In fact, some of my best prints have come from mistakes!" Nishu raised an eyebrow. "Really? How so?" "Well," Amoon explained, "once I accidentally spilled ink all over my print, but it ended up creating a cool smudged effect that I never would have thought of otherwise. Another time, I printed my block upside down by mistake, but it ended up looking like an abstract work of art." Nishu was intrigued. "So you're saying that mistakes can actually be a good thing?" "Absolutely," Amoon said with a grin. "In printmaking, there are no mistakes, only happy accidents!" Nishu thought about this for a moment, then went back to work on her linoleum block with renewed enthusiasm. She still made plenty of mistakes along the way, but she learned to embrace them and turn them into happy accidents. And when it was time to print her block, she ended up with a one-of-a-kind masterpiece that was truly her own. From that day on, Nishu knew that in printmaking, anything was possible - even the mistakes.
144 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 11.1 Printmaking Printmaking is a process of creating multiples of an image or design, typically on paper or other flat surfaces, using various techniques such as relief, intaglio, lithography, or screen printing. The process involves transferring ink or pigment from a matrix or plate onto the paper or surface. Woodcut printmaking is a relief printing technique where an image is carved into a block of wood, leaving raised areas that will print. The block is inked and pressed onto paper, creating a mirror image of the carved design. The areas that were not carved away will hold the ink and transfer it onto the paper, creating the printed image. Marble printmaking is a type of lithography that involves drawing an image onto a polished slab of limestone using a greasy substance, such as a crayon. The stone is then treated with acid
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 145 to fix the drawing, and then ink is applied to the surface. The ink adheres to the greasy areas of the drawing, and the image is transferred onto paper by pressing the paper onto the stone. Paper printmaking can refer to a variety of techniques, but one common method is relief printing using a linocut. Similar to woodcut printmaking, a linocut involves carving an image into a block made of linoleum. The ink is applied to the raised areas of the block, and the image is transferred to paper by pressing the paper onto the block. Another popular paper printmaking technique is screen printing, where a stencil is used to block out areas of a mesh screen, and ink is pressed through the open areas of the screen onto the paper. 11.2 Clayworks : Additive and Subtractive Claywork is a form of art that involves creating objects from clay. Clay is a versatile material that can be molded into a variety of shapes and forms, and is commonly used to create pottery, sculptures, and other decorative or functional objects. There are two main methods of creating clayworks: additive and subtractive.
146 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 Additive method of claywork Additive methods involve building up the clay by adding clay with small pieces or coils or small blocks of clay to create the desired shape. This method is often used to create pottery, where the artist adds coils of clay to the base to build up the walls of the vessel. Additive methods can also be used to create sculptures by adding small pieces of clay to the surface of a form to create texture and detail. Subtractive method of claywork Subtractive methods involve removing material from a block of clay to create the desired shape. This method is often used to create sculptures, where the artist will carve away at the clay with a variety of tools to reveal the final form. Subtractive methods can also be used to create pottery, where the artist may use a knife or other tool to carve away excess clay and create
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 147 the final shape of the vessel. Both additive and subtractive methods require a skilled hand and a keen eye for detail, and can be used to create a wide range of beautiful and unique clayworks. Activity 1 • Participate and practise actively on the following activity related to additive claywork under the guidance and supervision of your teacher. • Gather your materials: Decide what type of clay you want to work with, and gather the necessary tools, such as a clay sculpting tool or a pottery wheel. You will also need water and a surface to work on, such as a tabletop or a pottery wheel. • Start with a base: Begin by creating a base for your claywork. This could be a slab of clay or a ball of clay that you shape and flatten. • Add details: Using your clay sculpting tool, add details to your base by adding small pieces of clay. For example, if you are making a figurine, you can add arms, legs, and other features to create a more detailed piece. Smooth the surface: After you have added details, use your fingers or a clay smoothing tool to smooth the surface of your claywork. This will help create a more polished and professional finish. Let it dry: Once you are happy with your claywork, set it aside to dry. The drying time will depend on the size and thickness of your piece. Glaze: Once your claywork has been bisque dried, it is ready to be glazed. Apply glaze using a brush or dip your claywork into a glaze bucket. Let it dry again and enjoy.
148 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 11.3 Collage in Art A collage is a form of visual art that is created by assembling different materials and textures onto a surface. These materials can include paper, photographs, fabric, and other found objects. Collage is important in art because it is a versatile and accessible medium that allows artists of all skill levels to create unique and unexpected combinations of colors, textures, and materials. By experimenting with different materials and techniques, artists can push the boundaries of traditional art forms and create new and exciting works of art. Additionally, paper collage is an affordable and accessible medium, making it a great way for people to express their creativity and explore their artistic talents. Whether it's creating a simple collage for fun or developing a more complex work of art, paper collage is a valuable medium that offers endless possibilities for artistic expression.
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 149 Activity 1 To make a paper collage, follow these steps: • Choose your materials: Decide what type of paper you want to use for your collage, such as construction paper, tissue paper, or patterned scrapbook paper. Gather any other materials you want to include in your collage, such as photographs, magazine cutouts, or fabric scraps. • Plan your design: Before you start gluing your materials onto the surface, plan out your design by sketching it out on a piece of paper. This will help you visualize how the different elements will fit together. • Cut and arrange your materials: Begin by cutting out the pieces of paper and other materials that you want to include in your collage. Arrange the pieces on the surface of your collage, playing with different compositions until you find one you like. • Glue the pieces onto the surface: Once you have arranged the pieces to your liking, glue them onto the surface of your collage using a glue stick or white glue. Be sure to press down on each piece to ensure that it adheres to the surface
150 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - 5 • Add final details: Once your collage is glued together, you can add any final details, such as outlines, shading, or highlights. This can be done with colored pencils, markers, or paint. • Display your finished collage: Once your collage is complete, it is ready to be displayed. You can frame it or simply hang it on a wall with tape or clips. Collages can also be used to decorate notebooks, cards, and other creative projects. Exercise A. Match the following: A B Additive • painting Clayworks • printmaking Sketch • collage Mixed media • drawing Contrast • photography Texture • artwork Impressionism • acrylic Canvas • sculpture Composition • photography Pigment • color