science form 1 chapter 9 (earth)

EARTH

NOTES
CHAPTER 9

The system and structure
of the earth

HYDROSPHERE

Water zone that includes rivers,lakes,seas, and also
water trapped as ice, underground water and water
vapour in the atmosphere

ATMOSPHERE

Air zone covering the Earth’s surface.

GEOSPHERE

Rock and soil zone on the Earth’s surface.

BIOSPHERE

Life zone consist of variety of life such as
humans,animals,plants, and microorganism.

ATMOSPHERIC STRATIFICATION

OCEAN STRATIFICATION

DISTRIBUTION OF WATER ON EARTH

• THE WATER CYCLE PROCESS IS CONTINUOUS/NEVER END

EARTH’S LAYER
• Divided into three main layers according to its

physical properties

COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH

TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ROCKS

THE PROCESS OF ROCK FORMATION

MAIN PROCESSES OF THE EARTH

= PROCESS THAT OCCURS ON EARTH’S SURFACE

=EXP: WEATHERING, EROSION, MASS AND LAND
DEPLETION, TRANSPORT AND SEDIMENTATION

Weathering: Erosion:

It is a process of rock fragmentation It is a process of eroding of the
and decomposition or decay due to Earth’s surface by moving
changes in temperature, rainwater, agents such as water,wind and
frosting and microorganism. waves.

Transport and sedimentation: Mass and land depletion:

Weathered or corroded materials They involve soil movement
are moved by agents such as from the top of a slope to
running water,wind,waves and below as a result of
glaciers. The materials will gravitational force.
be sedimented when the
velocity of the agents decrease

GEOHAZARD PHENOMENA

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY USED TO PREPARE FOR GEOHAZARDS

THINGS TO MONITORING AND DETECTING
GEOHAZARD

THE IMPACT OF GEOHAZARDS IN MALAYSIA

AGE OF THE EARTH

GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE:

FOSSIL AND THE IMPORTANCE OF FOSSILS:

Fossils are Earth’s materials such as plants,animals and insect which have
been submerged and buried for a very long period of time.

EARTH’S RESouRcES And AppLiEd gEoLogY

Surface water and underground water

Surface water: Surface water is found on the surface
of Earth.Example of surface water
include seas, river, pond

Underground water: Underground water or aquifer fills up the empty
between soil particles and the layers o permeable
rocks

iT’S RiSkS!!

Economic minerals

Hydrothermal process