significance for use in each area including system 1. When sunlight comes into contact with
calculations or calculation of the number of solar installed solar panels, all solar panels will directly
panels needed for use in each area are as follows: generate electricity through the control system into
the inverter.
• Light Intensity – The current is directly
proportionate to light intensity, meaning high light 2. The inverter will convert direct current
intensity will increase current from solar panels while electricity into alternate current for distribution into
voltages has not much variance with light intensity. electricity systems.
The light intensity used as a standard measurement is
light intensity measured on the surface in clear SOLAR POWER GENERATE SELL POWER TO SAVE THE WORLD
weather with no clouds and measured at a sea level ELECTRICITY THE GOV. SECTOR REDUCE GLOBAL WARMING
where sunlight is perpendicular to the Earth’s surface.
Advantages of Solar Energy Power Plants
• Temperature – Current will not vary with 1. Energy is continually generated.
different temperatures while voltage will decrease 2. Clean energy does not cause pollution.
when temperature rises. On average, each higher 3. Low maintenance and easily automated.
degree will cause voltage to be reduced by 0.5 4. Solar energy is unlimited and inexhaustible.
percent. The standard temperature used to determine
solar panel efficiency is 25 Celsius degrees. When Limitations of Solar Energy Power Plants
temperature rises, voltage will drop, thereby reducing 1. Solar panels have a low useful life.
maximum power from solar panels. 2. The amount of energy generated will be
Electricity Generation Steps of Solar Energy Power inconsistent due to uncertain weather
Plants conditions.
3. Electricity can be generated only in daytime
Solar panels are an electronic invention that due to need for light from the sun to
converts solar energy directly into electricity. Solar generate energy.
panels are made from semiconductors that absorb
and convert solar energy into electricity. The Electricity Generation and Distribution from the Waste
converted energy becomes direct current electricity. Energy Power Plant Business
Slar panels do not need any other fuel that sunlight.
This energy is free with no waste or pollution during This business is operated by Super Earth
use. Solar panels are static installed devices with no Energy Co., Ltd. (SEE) and subsidiaries to invest in
movement when working. Thus, there are no concerns and develop the business of generating electricity
regarding problems from deterioration or frequent from waste energy and related businesses. Currently,
maintenance similar to equipment used in other types
of electricity generation. The system has the following
working principles:
the Company has two waste energy power plant 1. Public hearings should be held in regards
projects which reached the commercial operation date to waste energy power plant construction in order to
with a total capacity of 18 megawatts. The Company ask for consent before beginning operations in order
has a project under construction, namekly, the Project to reduce conflict and build confidence among local
to Generate Electricity from Community Waste of people.
Nongkhainayu Co., Ltd. Furthermore, the Company
has three other projects in the process of preparations 2 . The Company advertises knowledge for
with a total capacity of 48 megawatts located in local people concerning waste energy, necessity or
Nonthaburi, Phetchburi and Nakhon Sri Thammarat. benefits of waste energy power plant construction
such as conversion of waste into renewable energy in
Currently, waste is a problem recognized by order to reduce foreign energy imports, generation
every country with policies or measures specified in costs, local waste volumes and provide employment
order to be able to effectively control or manage for local people, which generates income for the
waste. However, various factors have increased the community.
volume of waste and waste trends are rising
annuallydue to population increases and changes in 3 . All sectors involved must recognize the
socioeconocmic conditions. In addition, changes in importance of the environment in order for
consumption behaviors, particularly in cities and large communities to live together happily with safety in life.
communities have caused the government to make
policies to convert waste into energy in addition to Electricity Generation by Using Thermal Processes
placing importance on construction of waste energy
power plants to convert waste into energy in order to 1. Electricity Generation by Using Incinerators
provide renewable energy and solve problems from Incineration is waste in cineration in furnaces
overflowing waste with sustainability in the future.
specially designed to fit properties of waste with high
However, in the past, waste energy power humidity and fluctuating heat. Incinerationi must have
plants encountered resistance from local populations good control to prevent pollution and disruption of the
because people have no confidence in environmental environment such as toxic gases, ash and odors, etc.
management and thought waste energy power plant Gas from incineration will have ashes and particles
constructioin will cause health and environmental removed in compliance with control laws before being
impacts, which are a factor contributing to negative released into the atmosphere. Gas from incineration
attitude toward waste energy power plant. Therefore, will have 10 percent of ash volume left frm the
power plant operations must be carried out with incineratioin process and 25-30 percent of the weight
education and understanding among villagers and of waste sent into the incinerator and ash will be sent
communities in order to build confidence and reduce to be landfilled or used as flooring materials for road
conflict concerning waste energy power plants in the construction. Ash with metal components may be
area as follows: reused. Furthermore, thermal energy from waste
incineration can be used to produce steam, hot water
or generate electricity.
1.1 Moving grate incinerator technology is a which are different depending on communities and
mass incineration furnace that is widely used. The seasons. In addition, refuse-derived fuel has a low
incinerator has moving grates and waste is incinerated thermal value, high ash volume and humidity. These
on grates. During incineration, grates will move and factors create difficulties for incinerator designers and
transport waste from the starting point to the final operators while making environmental impact control
point. Well-designed moving grates will allow waste to difficult. Therefore, waste is processed through
move and mix effectively, allowing air used for management processes to modify physical and
incineration to permeate the waste surface. Grates chemical properties of waste to create solid fuel with
may be divided into specific smaller areas, allowing heating value, low humidity and appropriate size and
free adjustment of air volumes used in incineration and density for movement or incineration along with having
enabling incineration even when waste has low consistent chemical and physical elements (Refuse-
thermal value. derived Fuel (RDF)). Refuse-derived fuel can be used
to generate energy more effectively. General
1.2 Rotary kiln incinerators incinerate waste characteristics of RDF consist of:
by using cylindrical incineration chambers capable of
full rotation. Waste is rotated along the cylindrical - No germs from baking with heat and
incinerator wall, which forms a diagonal angle with the reduced risk of contact with germs.
level. Most rotary kiln incinerators are fire-resistant
brick incinerators. - Odorless.
- Appropriate size for feeding into incinerators-
1 . 3 Fluidized bed incinerator technology boilers (Diameter: 15-30 millimeters; Length: 30-150
works by depending on a principle in which solid millimeters).
particles form a bed (materials are fed into the - Higher density than ordinary waste and
incinerator to help with continual incineration). biomass (450-600 kg/m3) suitable for storage and
Materials are added into the incinerator to mix with transportation.
waste to provide fuel for incineration and make the - High thermal value equal to biomass (~ 13-
material float due to air blown at the sides, causing the 18 MJ/kg) and low moisture (~ 5-10%).
material to behave similar to flowing fluid. Fluidized - Reduced pollution from incineration such as
bed incinerators are generally shaped like vertical NOx, dioxin and furan.
cylinders and the bed material is usually made from
sand, silica, limestone or ceramic materials. This 2. MSW Gasification Technology
incinerator has an advantage from ability to reduce Pyrolysis/gasification is the process of
hazardous substances in beds and high thermal
efficiency, enabling use with many types of fuel. turning waste into gas by causing incomplete
combustion reactions, meaning organic substances in
Refuse-derived Fuel (RDF) Production waste will react to limited air or oxygen, creating
Direct use of refuse-derived fuels in biogas, which generally consists of methane (CH4) at
50-70 percent and carbon dioxide (CO2) at 30-40
incineration usually creates difficulties in use due to percent with remaining components being other gases
non-homogeneousness of elements that form waste, such as hydrogen (H2), oxygen (O2), hydrogen sulfide
(H25), nitrogen (N) and steam. In the principle, The Company’s waste energy power plants
methane causes fermentation of organic substances. (industrial waste) uses a fluidized bed incineration
This process can occur in waste pits, manure piles system by increasing speed of air used in incineration
and the bottom of still water sources. In other words, to be sufficiently high to cause waste to float on the
when organic substances ferment for a long time, medium material as a fluid. Incinerator which occurred
biogas may be created and waste can be incinerated when waste is fluid can enhance incineration
to use heat to boil water and generate electricity. efficiency, heat ventilatioin and mass ventilation. IN
practice, the medium used in the incinerator is quartz
Advantages of Waste Energy Power Plants or river sand at 1 millimeter. Waste must be made to
1. Cheap energy source. be smaller in order to mix with the medium in the
2. Reduces waste disposal problems. incinerator and use excess air. The Company’s
fluidized bed waste incinerators use a temperature of
Limitations of Waste Energy Power Plants 850-1,200 Celsius degrees. In general, the Company’s
1. Some types of technologies need high fluidized bed waste incinerators are divided into the
following two main categories:
investment. If power plants are small, power plants will
not be worth investing in. 1. Bubbling fluidized bed incinerators boil
waste by mixing small solid fuels with solid matter
2. Waste energy power plants have expenses in such as sand or heavy ask and making the mixture
properly managing waste before conversion into copy boiling fluid by blowing air spread from the lower
energy. side of the incineration chamber, causing boiling and
mixing of solid fuel burning on the bed. Fuel pellets will
3. Appropriate technologies are needed to burn until fuel pellets become ash below the bed
manage dust and substances created by waste where there is an opening to dump waste.
incineration. For example, dust and smoke from waste
energy power plants may have heavy metals such as 2. Circulating fluidized bed incinerators (CFB)
lead or cadmium and waste incineration may create have a mechanism for separating large solid particles
dioxin, which is a carcinogen. or creating incomplete chemical reactions and feeding
waste into the process. Fluidized bed incineration
4. Waste energy power plants usually encounter systems can be used with almost every type of solid
resistance from nearby communities. fuel and has consistent internal temperature in the
incinerator along with a stable incineration rate.
Waste Energy Power Plant (Industrial Waste) Fluidized bed incinerators can be used with fuels that
have high humidity with main advantages from having
inert substances such as sand to enable mixing of
fuels and oxygen, making incineration complete and
quick. Furthermore, the bed makes heat stable without
being easily extinguished. Temperature in the
incinerator is not high. Thus, problems from nitrogen form a bed in the incinerator mixed with fuels, making
oxide (NO2) are not created. the fuel rise due to the air blown in from the side,
Fluidized Bed Electricity Generationi Process causing materials to behave similar to a fluid
(fluidization). Most bed materials are silica sand, lime
The main generation processes consist of: 1) or ceramic materials. In the structure of this
fuel preparation; 2) combustion system and boiler; and incineration system, the lower side of the incinerator
3) steam turbine generator. has a plate distributor with large numbers of holes for
blowing air to incinerate fuel, causing fluidization
1) Fuel Preparation System similar to boiling liquid and making incineration highly
Fuel must have appropriate size consistent effective.
with incinerator specifications in order to have The fluidized-bed method incinerates at low
complete incineration. Fuel must have small size in temperatures with ability to control nitrogen oxide
order to be transported on conveyor belts and fed into creation. When limestone (CaCO3) is added to burn
the incinerator. In this project, the Company prepares with fuel, sulfur can be eliminated (reduce sulfur
each part of fuel in closed buildings. The dioxide (Sox). Heat from incineration is transferred to
aforementioned fuel preparation building is next to the steam boilers to produce steam. The project’s steam
indoor fuel storage house in order to prevent noise boilers use refused-derived fuel to produce steam.
and dust from escaping. Therefore, the fuel Fuel is fed to incinerators with conveyor belts.
preparation building was designed to have an Incinerators have an average temperature of 850
enclosed concrete wall. Fuel fed to the incinerator is Celsius degrees. Hot gas is vvented in water without
transported with two sets of conveyor belts (for two minerals fed to pipes around steam boiler walls until
types of fuel) and covers to prevent fuel dust from water temperature rises and boils into steam. The
spreading in the air. steam is fed to steam turbine generators to generate
electricity.
2) Combustion and Steam Production System 3) Steam Turbine Electricity Generation System
The incineration systems of the Company’s
Steam produced from boilers are sent into
projects are circulating fluidized-bed (CFG) systems, steam turbine generators that convert energy from
which are a steam production technology with good steam into electricity. Steam from boilers is sent to
pollution control processes before release into the drive steam turbines with the same rotation shaft as
atmosphere. Circulating fluidized-bed incinerators the generator, creating a flux of the magnetic field
function based on the principle in which solid particles inside the generator and electricity. The project
installed a set of steam turbine generators capable of
generating 9.9 megawatts of electricity (gross power).
The 9.0-megawatt current will be distributed to the
Provincial Electricity Authority while the remaining
current will be used in steam projects. In the past,
steam from steam turbines is sent to the condenser to
change steam into condensate water before reuse to 2 . The feeding system has significant
produce steam. In addition, steam condensation fluctuations compared to fuel properties.
needs heat to be removed from steam.
3 . Steam causes high erosion from contact
Fuel for projects is divided into the following two between particles and gas.
types:
4 . The ash management system is large and
( 1 ) Renewable fuel from non-hazardous extremely busy.
waste or disused materials is created from various
types of industrial processes such as the plastic Waste Energy Power Plants (Industrial Waste)
industry, the packaging industry, the rubber industry, Community waste is waste that can be
etc. The aforementioned waste or disused materials
may be waste from raw materials, production converted into electricity. For example, organic waste
processes or degraded products. The aforementioned can be used in biogas production technology and
waste or disused materials must not be hazardous or combustible waste such as plastic, paper and rubber
contaminated waste pursduant to government sector waste can be converted into energy, Waste in each
notifications in addition to not being organic waste. area is different according to social conditions and
This type of fuel has a high heating value (HHV). community living conditions. The following main
technologies are used in community waste disposal to
( 2 ) Renewable fuel from non-hazardous generate electricity:
waste or disused materials is created from community
waste including plastic, wood, paper and other 1. Landfill Gas to Energy Electricity Generation
materials from combustible inorganic community Community waste is disposed of by burial in
waste. The aforementioned fuel has low heating value large landfills at depths of 12 meters and up. Waste is
(LHV). buried in layers by piling community waste or burying
waste in prepared areas and using machines to turn
Advantages and crush waste until waste layer density reaches
1. Many types of fuel may be used or single or specifications before being compacted until the area
is filled and covered with soil. The waste pit is covered
mixed fuels with significant differences in quality can with HDPE plastic panels to prevent water from
be used because the system places waste on the bed moving waste. Landfill Gas (LFG) This method causes
for a logn time, causing waste to be completely biochemical decomposition of waste in the landfill
incinerated. area. In the first stage, this method causes aerobic
decomposition before anaerobic decomposition,
2. Because incinerator temperature is low, this creating methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide
system has reduced corrosion and fouling of melted and nitrogen. Methane and carbon dioxide volume is
ash on the heat transfer surface. higher than other gases. Gases created by landfills
are known as biogas or landfill gas (LFG)
Limitations
1. Long time before incinerator ignition or long
stops.
Electricity Generation Using Biogas from Community Waste Work Principles
Landfills Community waste entered into the anaerobic
digestion process must first enter the waste sorting
. process. Only organic waste is sorted and reduced by
crushing and cutting to have a suitable size to send
Waste Priliminary Landfill Operations into closed digestion tanks in order to allow organic
Treatment in the Area waste to decompose. Microorganisms in a condition
without oxygen will create biogas as byproducts from
Environment Power Biogas Collection decomposition with 50 percent of biogas being
Control Systems Generation System methane. This biogas is used as fuel for gas engines
to generate electricity with and efficiency rate of
Landfill Area System 75/150 per ton of waste.
Closure
Energy Anaerobic Digestion Tank and Biogas Storage Tank
Regarding byproducts from anaerobic
Advantages
- Waste landfills are available in large amounts. digestion, organic waste is converted into a soil
modification substance, reducing the volume to 30-40
This technology will reduce methane emissions in the percent of organic waste brought into the process. Soil
atmosphere. conditioning substances can be used as fertilizer in
agriculture to grow plants.
- This technology is not complicated and can Advantages
be developed domestically.
-Clean environmentally-friendly technology.
Limitations
- More than one million tons of waste is needed
in landfills to create economic cost-efficiency.
- Gas creation rate predictions are dependent
on many factors, making predictions difficult.
2. Electricity Generation by Using Biogas from
Waste Disposal with Anaerobic Digestion (AD)
This method disposes of compostable organic
waste such as food scraps, vegetables and fruits
through fermentation in closed waste fermentation pits.
Organic waste is decomposed with microorganisms to
create biogas for use as fuel in energy generation. The
remaining waste from digestion is used as compost or
soil modifying substances. Biogases consist of
methane (CH4) at 50-70 percent and carbon dioxide
(CO2) at 30-50 percent.
- Uncomplicated and domestically-developed Incineration Technology
technology. Incineration technology incinerates waste in
specially designed incinerators to fit community waste
- Reduced use of space for waste disposal properties or waste with high humidity and uncertain
when compared to sanitary landfilling. heating value (seasonal). Waste is incinerated by
feeding air directly into incinerators. Waste
Limitations incinerators using incineration technology can be
- Organic waste sorting must be supported at divided into four main systems:
1 . The waste supporting system sorts
the origin. recyclable waste and hazardous waste.
- Organic waste sorting must be supported at 2. Many types of waste incineration systems are
used. However, moving grate incinerators are widely
the origin. used in community waste incineration. Moving grates
are used to move waste and waste is burned on grates.
3 . Electricity Generation by Using Heat from When incinerating, grates transport waste from the
Waste incineration starting point to the end oof grates. All waste is
incinerated into ash, which falls into the ash collection
Waste disposal by incineration can be divided pit. Incinerators have a temperature of 800oC.
into several technologies. Each technology uses
different methods and costs. The technologies 3 . Systems for disposing of waste from
currently in use consist of: incineration consist of ash that will be buried in
landfills. Another part of waste consisting of gas from
- Incineration incineratioin has substances that create hazardous
- Gasification and pyrolysis pollution such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.
- Plasma arc Therefore, systems for disposing of these substances
are needed to maintain values within the range of
Incineration technology has long been designated standards before release into the
popularly used with effective results while gasification atmosphere.
and pyrolysis technology is being developed. These
technologies have advantages from better disposal of 4 . Most electricity generation systems use
pollution from incineration than plasma arc technology, steam boiler systems. Heat for producing steam
which is not widespread and is in development.
Waste disposal with incinerators is a method of
restoring energy in the form of heat, which can be
used to generate more electricity than other types of
waste disposal. The main considerations when
selecting this waste disposal method is heating value
of waste sent into the incineration process, which
should have a heating value of no less than 2,150
kcal/kg. If waste with lower heating value is used,
more investments are needed. Furthermore, the
volume of waste for disposal must have a sufficiently
high ratio to incinerate.
comes from incinerating waste and steam is used to - Significantly reduces mass and volume.
drive steam turbines in order to operate generators. - High energy generation volume.
Gasification and Pyrolysis Technology Limitations
Gasification and pyrolysis technology is used to - High investment and maintenance.
dispose of waste. Incinerators in the gasification - Advanced technologycannot be developed
system are designed to burn in conditions with little air
(low oxygen) and no air. Incinerators in the pyrolysis domestically.
system incinerate at temperatures of 1,200-1,400oC. - Disposal capacity should be no less than
The result is chemical distillation and dissolution
reactions of waste, resulting in fuel gas used as 250 tons per day for economic cost-efficiency.
energy for driving gas turbines to generate electricity
with an energy efficiency of 600 kWh per ton of waste, Electricity Generation and Distribution from Wind
which is similar to incineration technology. Energy Power Plants
This technology requires management of The Company indirectly holds shares
waste before waste is sent into incinerators by through Super Energy Group Co., Ltd. operated by
crushing and cutting waste to have appropriate size. Super Wind Energy Co., Ltd. (SWE) to invest in and
Originally, incinerators in this system did not have a develop the business of generating and distributing
large capacity at no more than 300 tons per day. electricity from wind energy power plants and related
However, currently, this technology is developed and businesses. After the Company studied projects and
has a higher capacity at 500 tons per day. because the Company is committed to expanding into
Plasma Arc Technology the electricity generation business from other
renewable energies than solar energy and waste
Plasma arc technology is an advanced energy, the Company invested in the business of
energy technology used to dispose of many types of generating electricity from wind energy in Vietnam.
waste by creating plasma arc fields with temperatures The Company’s initial goal is to have four projects with
of 5,000-15,000oC and feeding waste directly into 421 megawatts. Two projects are currently under
plasma arc fields. These temperatures can separate construction with an electricity sale amount of 171
atoms of elements that are waste components, megawatts in Soc Trang and Bac Lieu Provinces in
causing waste to be incinerated and reducing dioxin southern Vietnam. Commercial operation is expected
emissions created by combustion. Heat from this to be at the end of 2021 and two other projects in Phu
technology can be used to generate electricity. Yen and Gia Lai Provinces are under construction.
However, the system is currently in research and These projects are also expected to begin commercial
development to modify the technology to be suitable, operation at the end of 2021.
safe and economically cost-effective.
Wind is a type of naturally-occurring clean
Advantages energy without energy costs. More importantly, wind
- Able to incinerate many types of waste at the energy is inexhaustible and the process of generating
electricity from wind does not create hazardous waste
same time. for the environment. However, electricity generation
from wind energy requires consistent wind speed. The Wind Turbine Technology Models
lower central region and the southern region of
Vietnam has capacity for renewable energy, The Company uses horizontal axis turbines
particularly wind energy and solar energy. (HAWT) that have an axis parallel to the wind direction
with blades being at a right angle to receive wind and
Vietnam was evaluated by the World Bank have rudders controlling the wind turbine to turn with
and found to have capacity for developing 27 kilowatts the wind. In addition, the Company’s wind turbines are
of electricity from wind energy because the country protected from damage during strong winds by being
has a long coastline. Due to the aforementioned installed on strong posts.
capacity, the Vietnamese government designated Wind Turbine Components
Ninh Thuan Province as a center for the country’s
renewable energy. 1. The rotar blades receive wind energy and
convert wind energy into mechanical energy. Rotor
Wind Turbine Technology blades are installed to the shaft and send energy from
Wind turbine technology was developed to rotor blades to the shaft.
generate electricity effectively. Wind turbines are a 2 . The rotor shaft receives energy from the
machine used to extract kinetic energy from wind, rotor blades and send it through the transmission
convert kinetic energy into mechanical energy and use system to rotate and turn the generator.
mechanical energy. When wind hits turbine blades,
kinetic energy is transferred to the blades, causing the 3 . The transmission room is a system for
wind turbine to rotate and allowing energy from adjusting and controlling rotation speed between the
rotations to be used by electricity generators rotor blades and the generator shaft.
connected to the wind turbine’s shaft.
4. The large nacelle contains important wind
Electricity is distributed through the turbine systems such as gear, generator, brake and
electricity control system into the system. The amount control systems.
of electricity generated is dependent on wind speed,
blade length and wind turbine location. 5 . The generator converts mechanical
energy into electricity.
6 . The electricity control system uses 7. Vietnam is a country with renewable
computer systems to control functions and distribute energy capacity, particularly wind energy. In addition,
electricity into the system. the government offers significant support for foreign
investment by offering investment privileges such as
7. The brake system is a mechanism used to tax privileges, etc.
control and stop turbine rotation and the turbine axle
when wind speed exceeds turbine capacity and Limitations
during repairs and maintenance.
1.Dependent on weather conditions and some
8 . The shaft turns to the wind direction and seasons may not have wind.
controls engine room rotation in order to allow the
turbine to catch the wind direction. The electronic 2.Expensive batteries are needed to store
system is connected to the wind direction rudder energy.
above the machine.
2.2.2 Market and Competition
9 . Wind speed and direction measuring The business of generating and distributing
devices are connected to computer systems to
indicate wind speed and direction to allow the electricity from renewable energy is a business without
computer to properly control other mechanisms. direct competition against any entrepreneur. Currently,
in generating and distributing electricity, licensed
1 0 . Wind turbine posts carry machine parts operators are required to distribute electricity to
above. electricity authorities at prices and conditions in power
purchase agreements submitted for permission
Advantage regardless of the type of fuel used with clear
specifications concerning quantities, purchase prices
1. Natural energy sources with no cost. and durations. Entrepreneurs who will invest in the
electricity generation and distribution business must
2. Inexhaustible energy source unimpacted have qualifications meeting electricity authority and
by fossil fuel prices. Ministry of Energy specifications and technical
information is considered when approving agreements
3. Clean environmentally-friendly energy with electricity authorities, causing competition in the
without other pollution created by fossil fuels and business of generating and distributing electricity from
nuclear power plants. renewable energy to not be severe. Furthermore,
entering this business requires passing several other
4. Does not take up space while allowing use steps, which may be time consuming such as project
of the area below. feasibilities, obtaining licenses to generate electricity,
technological readiness and investment support for
5. Requires only one investment without fuel the business of generating electricity from renewable
costs. energy, etc.
6. Hybrid systems can be used to maximize
benefit by using wind energy at night and using solar
energyduring the day.
However, growth in the aforementioned of clean and environmentally-friendly energy to
business and government sector support in many generate and distribute electricity. The Company
countries caused competition and growth of made the following strategies to compete:
manufacturers of materials and equipment necessary
for renewable energy power plants to have 1 . In the area of electricity quality, the
technological development for effectiveness and lower Company prioritizes controlling the quality of electricity
prices, causing power purchase prices to be lower generated, meaning electricity distribution system
and causing changes to models in bidding to obtain stability. In generating electricity, the Companyhas
rights as an entrepreneur in the renewable energy experts with knowledge and expertise in each field of
generation and distribution business. For example, electricity generation to generate electricity and
discount offers for power purchase prices, etc., control electricity generation to have quality and
caused competition in the private sector to request electricity generation equipment with modern
permission to engage in the business of generating technology controlled by computer systems, enabling
and distributing electricity from renewable energy to the Company to effectively control electricity
have likelihood of becoming interesting again. generation and generate electricity to have quality
consistent with specifications in the aforementioned
(a) Competition Strategy power purchase agreement.
Electricity is a basic commodity necessary
2. In delivering electricity, the Company
for life. However, electricity cannot be pushed and prioritizes delivering electricity consistent with
promoted to increase consumption by each service amounts and times specified in the aforementioned
user in the same manner as ordinary consumer powe purchase agreement to build confidence in the
products. On the contrary, electricity became a Company’s work.
product with campaigning to conserve use. In
addition, the business generates and distributes 3 . In the area of generation security, the
electricity to the EGAT, PEA or MEA with long-term Company generates quality electricity with security
power purchase agreements made. Unsder the and high stability consistent with power purchase
aforementioned agreements, fixed amounts or agreement conditions and specifications.
quantities and purchase prices are set at each time,
giving each producer fixed prices and no significant (b) Customer Characteristics and Distribution
competition between other private electricity Channels
generators. However, economic growth is a major
indicator of growth in domestic electricity consumption Currently, the Company has PEA, MEA and
rates. Therefore, the Company made operating EGAT customers. Electricity generated from
strategies by focusing on generating electricity renewable energy power plants in the Company’s
according to conditions in power purchase group is connected to PEA and/or MEA and/or EGAT
agreements made with the PEA and expanding substations at the locations of the aforementioned
investments in government policies that promote use power plants before power purchased from the
Company is distributed to the public. The amount of
electricity sold by the Company to the PEA and/or
MEA and/or EGAT is calculated from meters installed
at the distribution point located at the Company’s resulting in lower demand for energy and domestic
renewable energy power plants. economic recession.
Concerning calculation of electricity sold by Power consumption in 2020 was at 187,284
the Company to the PEA and/or the MEA and/or the million units, a 2.9-percent reduction from the previous
EGAT, calculations are made in each month from the year. Power consumption was reduced in almost every
amount of electricity distributed to distribution stations. area, particularly in the fields of industry and business.
At the end of every month, company officials and PEA The COVID-19 pandemic caused impacts in the
and/or MEA and/or EGAT officials will record the domestic and overseas economy and the tourism
amount of electricity distributed by the Company to sector. The main businesses with clear reductions in
send to the PEA and/or MEA and/or EGAT. Once the power consumption were hotels, department stores,
amount of electricity sold to the PEA and/or MEA restaurants and nightclubs. However, in the first six
and/or EGAT in that month has been checked, the months of 2020, the household sector had a significant
Company will use the aforementioned electricity increase in power consumption due to higher
amount to calculate monthly purchase value at the temperature compared to the previous year. In
price agreed in power purchase agreements and send addition, stay-at-home measures, Stop for the Nation
bills to the PEA and/or MEA and/or EGAT in order for measures and Work from Home measures caused
the PEA and/or MEA and/or EGAT to pay the cost of demand for electricity to pump water for agriculture to
electricity to the Company. decline. Peak electricity demand was at 30,342
megawatts on 13 March 2020.
(c) Industry Conditions and Competition
Energy generation is increasingly necessary However, in 2021-2022, the private electricity
generation business is expected to grow gradually
for industrial development and growth of large cities. with support from demand supported by a market and
In the past, new technologies have created changes supply from government sector policies to support
and replaced conventional technologies developed investments in power generation capacity
and used for decades. In the future, development of development plans, renewable energy and alternative
energy technology will be an effort to reduce energy development plans. Investments in power
environmental impacts and create energy security plants sped up in 2021 consisting of solar energy
such as renewable energy, increase energy efficiency projects installed on public sector roofs, biomass
and electric vehicles. power plants, biogas power plants and waste energy
power plants, etc., because the target group is a
Power Consumption Demand Conditions target group that the Company will purchase electricity
Demand for electricity in the past year from. Furthermore, the group has capacity to compete
contracted as a result of lockdown measures to control in the area of cost and raw material sources. In the
the spread of COVID-19, causing economic activities area of wind energy projects, the government sector
in the manufacturing and service sectors to shrink in will begin to purchase electricity in 2022-2014 when
line with Thailand’s economic growth in addition to
causing the business chain to be continually impact,
investments to expand transmission cables in the beginning of the year due to economic slowdowns in
target area are expected to be complete. Thailand and the world caused by the COVID-19
pandemic. However, at the end of the year, power
Table Showing Power Consumption Divided consumption trends rose continually from relaxation of
into Economic Categories lockdown measures.
Industries used 43 percent of electricity. Power Users Power Use
Consumption declined by 5.9 percent from reductions
in production capacity in line with domestic and 2018 GWh 2019/2020
overseas demand for electricity. (JAN-OCT)
Down Business sectors used 24 percent of 2019 2020 Growth Share
electricity. Consumption declined by 10.7 percent. (JAN-OCT) (%) YoY (%)
Businesses with high energy consumption and clear
reductions in energy consumption consisted of hotels, Households 45,205 49,202 45,373 8.2 29
restaurants and department stores. Energy
consumption reductions were a result of various Businesses 46,764 49,128 37,118 -10.7 24
lockdown measures. Electricityconsumption began to
increase after measures were relaxed. Industries 87,829 86,104 68,197 -5.9 43
Households used 29 percent of elewctricity. Other 8,034 8,526 69,08 -3.3 4
Consumption increased by 8 percent. Part of this
increase was caused by hot weather including COVID- Total 187,832 192,960 157,595 -3.4 100
19 prevention measures, which caused more people
to work at home. Supply Conditions
Maximum Power Need in the Systems of 3 Electricity To meet higher demand for electricity in the
Authorities past 20-30 years, Thailand began allowing the private
sector to participate in the energy business by
Lock Down Power consumption in industries purchasing power from industrial power producters
and the business sector was reduced since the (IPP), small power producers (SPP) and very small
power producers (VSPP). Private sector participation
in electricity businesses to push for energy efficiency
and use of alternative energy such as renewable wind,
biomass, solar and small hydro power energyis
needed to prepare to support Thailand’s electricity
crisis in the future.
A transformation occurred with the private
sector being allowed to participate in electricity
generation, creating competition in the area of electricity
security. To acquire electricity, fuel sources for generation
and modern technology are necessary to meet private
sector and industrial sector demand including higher
efficiency.
Generation capacity in the agreement in the
power system at the end of November 2020 is at
48,607 MW. The highest proportion of electricity
generation is EGAT at 32 percent, followed by IPP at domestic electricity generation capacity investrment
29 percent, SPP at 19 percent, overseas and development in the Power Development Plan of
imports/exchanges at 12 percent and VSPP at 8 2018 – 2037, which is the country’s main plan for
percent and PEA. procuring sufficient electricity for consumption needs
to support the country’s economic development
Generation Capacity in Electricity System Agreements in including increased operation to fit electricity demand
2019-2020 and generation capacity in each region.
Megawatts (MW) The main features of Thailand’s Power
Development Plan of 2018-2037 (PDP2018) consist of:
Generation Capacity in Electricity System Agreements at
the End of November 2020 ( 1 ) Secure and local electricity generation,
transmission and distribution systems in each region.
IMPORTED & PEA
EXCHANGED (2 ) Appropriate consideration for power plant
security to manage energy crises and increase grid
2020* flexibility.
Remarks: (3) Promotion of low cost electricity generation
(1) Generation capacity in electricity system agreements do not to reduce power user burdens and not create barriers
include independent power suppliers (IPS). for long-term national socioeconomic development.
Source: Office of Development Policy and Planning, Ministry of
Energy ( 4 ) Power system preparation for electricity
generation competition, which will enhance the
The Ministry of Energy outlined the national country’s overall electricity generation. Electricity
energy integration plan and prepared a road map for generation reflects real costs.
(5) Reduced environmental impacts.
( 6 ) Support for electricity generation from
renewable energy and electricity system efficiency in
the area of power generation and consumption.
( 7 ) Prosumer Smart grid development to
support Prosumer changes among power users.
Estimates of electricity consumption needs
show growth in demand for electricity. Therefore,
electricity generation needs to increase to generate
sufficient electricity for demand by increasing the ratio
of renewable energy in generating electricity to reduce
dependence on fossil fuels and electricity imports from
neighboring countries. However, in the future program,
the Company will make efforts to increase renewable
energy consumption by developing sustainable and
environmentally-friendly energy sufficient for people’s • Land in high places without history of flooding
needs and at appropriate prices. Thus, the private and appropriate land shape for solar energy power
sector recognizes this significance and sees benefits plant construction
in proactively using renewable energy. Moreover, this
is a good opportunity for expanding investments in the • Land without a high price due to effects on
future. time in returning project capital.
Electricity Generation Capacity in Agreements and
Maximum Demand for Energy in the System b. Permission for Construction
According to PDP2018 In requesting permission to construction
2.2.3 Product or Service Procurement renewable energy power plants in each project, the
a. Land Procurement Company complies with the following steps:
The Company and/or subsidiaries select the • Hold public hearings of opinion within the
renewable power plant project locations based on the specified radius and prepare environmental
following criteria: impact reports/environmental practice reports.
• Land without legal problems, disputes and/or • Apply for a construction license (Or. 1) (if any)
land not inside national parks. to construct power plants from the Energy
Regulatory Commission by considering
• Land adjacent to main roads and near enacted urban planning laws.
connections to the PEA and/or MEA and or EGAT
systems to save transmission cable costs and reduce • Use construction licenses (Or. 1) to apply for a
electrical energy loss due to the distance used in factory license from the provincial industry
electricity connections with the PEA and/or MEA office to request factory licenses (Ror. Ngor. 3
and/or EGAT. and Ror. Ngor. 4).
• Submit Ror. Ngor. 4 licenses to ask for
permission to engage in the electricity and
controlled energy generation business from the
Energy Regulatory Commission.
• When the Company received the
aforementioned licneses, renewable energy
power plant construction can begin.
Each of the abovementioned projects in which
the Company invested to develop renewable energy
power plants correctly and strictly complied with the
abovementioned steps. In constructing renewable
energy power plant in every project of the Company
received correct and complete licenses from the
abovementioned agencies.
Prepare public opinion hearings and • Thin film solar panels are divided into two
assessments/environmental impact types consisting of solar panels made from silicon and
and management analysis for the solar panels made from other types of semiconductors
such as gallium, arsenide, cadmium, tellerite, copper,
Energy Regulatory Commission indium, diselenite, etc. The aforementioned solar panel
technologies are less expensive than crystalline solar
Request Or. 1 and Or. 6 permission for panels. However, these technologies are new without
construction and Ror. Ngor. 4 factory license proof of long-term solar panel efficiency. Moreover,
more land may be needed for panels when compared
Request permission to operate in the controlled to other technology. In addition, some types of thin film
power generation business from the ERC. solar panels such as cadmium and tellerite solar
panels have toxic components.
c. Equipment Procurement
1 . Main Equipment in Generating Electricity Monocrystalline Advantages Disadvantages
Silicon Solar Cell - High efficiency from - Higher price when
from Solar Energy
The main equipment used in photovoltaic Polycrystalline being made from compared to
Silicon Solar Cell high quality silicon. monocrystalline silicon
electricity generation is solar panels and inverters. - Higher efficiency for and amorphous silicon
Because solar energy power plant equipment the area than due to complex
generally have a useful life of more than 30 years, the monocrystalline manufacturing
Company selected electricity generation equipment silicon and processes.
with quality consistent with solar energy power plant amorphous silicon - Lower efficiency than
equipment by sleecting the following generation solar panels. amorphous silicon but
equipment: - Performs well even in higher efficiency than
conditions with little monocrystalline silicon
1) Solar Panels light. in high temperature
Solar panel technology used in photovoltaic conditions.
- Lower price than
solar energy power plants can be divided into the monocrystalline - Lower efficiency than
following two types: silicon solar panels monocrystalline
due to silicon.
• Crystalline solar panels are divided into the uncomplicated
following two categories: monocrystalline silicon solar manufacturing steps.
panels and polycrystalline silicon solar panels. The
aforementioned solar panel technologies have been
used for more than 40 years and are accepted
globally.
Thin Film Advantages Disadvantages Other equipment such as transformers were
- Lower price than - Lower efficiency per selected by the Company. The Company uses
transformers from transformer manufacturers and
crystalline solar area than crystalline distributors who have been accepted and
panels due to easier solar panels. manufacturers of transformers accredited with TIS
manufacturing. - High degradation rate 384-2524 industrial standards. Furthermore, the
- Better flexibility. in the first six months Company uses good quality electricity capables with
- Performance of receiving light. multiple sizes for suitable use and minimum electricity
efficiency remains loss. In addition to transformers and transmission
good even in cables, when selecting other equipment used in solar
conditions with high energy power plants, the Company mainly considers
temperature and little efficiency for use and reason.
light.
2. Main Equipment in Generating Electricity
2) Inverters from Waste Energy
In addition to solar panels, inverters are In the Company’s process of generating
another item of important equipment for solar energy electricity with steam from the Company’s waste
power plants. The Company uses quality and reliable incineration, the company selects equipment from
inverters with a 5-year warranty. If malfunctions occur, technologies that are widely accepted and used. In
power producers will have to make corrections or addition, the Company considers warranties, suitability
change inverters in the warranty period. for fuel and environmental impats, etc. In the electricity
generation process, steam from steam boilers is sent
Electricity generation in the Company’s solar to steam turbine generators, which convert energy
energy power plant projects are controlled and from steam into electricity. Steam from steam boilers is
operated by solar energy power generation experts. sent to steam turbines with the same rotor shaft as the
The Company’s experienced team of engineers generator, creating a magnetic flux in the generator
manufactures and maintains the aforementioned and electricity. Ordinarily, steam turbine electricity
machinery for the Company’s electricity generation to generation has the following main equipment:
have quality, stability and ability to deliver electricity at
amounts and times specified in power purchase 1) Steam boilers are generator equipment in
agreements made with the PEA. the process. Steam boilers used in the project are
water-tube boilers. Water that will be boiled into steam
3) Other Materials & Equipment is in tubes capable of accepting heat from incineration
chambers that burn fuel fed from the fuel storage in
front of the steam boiler. The amount of fuel fed into
steam boilers is consistent with steam system energy
needs. Steam from heat in the incinerator is separated
from water and will have heat again, creating dry
steam at high temperature before steam is sent to 4) Generators convert mechanical energy
steam turbines. into electricity and are important for projects to
generate electricity for distribution according to
project plans.
2) Steam turbines convert thermal energy ง. d. Environmental Impacts
into mechanical energy. High pressure steam from SUPER recognizes the importance of
steam boilers is sent to steam turbines via ducts and
sprayed at steam turbines through nozzles to turn environmental impacts. Therefore, SUPER manages
steam turbines. Steam turbine rotations are controlled the environment from the beginning of project
with highly accurate control equipment. Steam operations by prioritizing preparation of a code of
turbines have driving capacity consistent with size and practice (COP) in order to have an appropriate code
work specifications to send power to the generator. and the Company remains committed to working in
compliance with ISO 14001:2004 international
3) Condensers are used to accept low environment management standards.
pressure steam from steam turbines. Steam
condensers have cold water ducts to reduce Currently, solar energy power plants are
temperature and change steam into water (condense). accepted by the agencies involved for having minimal
This water is called condensate water, which will be environmental impacts or no pollution in the areas of
pumped back to the water tank for filling steam boilers sound, heat and air in addition to no impact on the
in order to begin the process again. country’s overall environment. Nevertheless, the
Company is in the process of recruiting individuals to
provide ISO14001:2004 standard accreditation
services after the Company announced regualtions
and practices in order to be consistent with ISO
14001:2004 specifications. The Company is expected
to pass standard system accreditation.
2.3 Water Production and Distribution Business
The Company holds share directly through water pumping systems with a capacity of 750 cubic
Super Water Co., Ltd. (SW) and indirectly holds shares meters/hour and a pressure of 50 meters. The main
in Thai Panichnawa Construction and Lang Num Thai water pipeline is connected as a network and the
Co., Ltd. to invest and develop the production and Company pumps mainly pumps raw water from the
distribution of water (raw water, industrial water and 98-rai main water source throughout the year. In
tap water) to meet community water needs and addition, the Company purchased additional raw
activities in various sectors, including the consumer water from private water sources in nearby areas for
and industrial sectors. dry seasons in order to manage climate change risks.
2.3.1 Characteristics of Products and Services 2) Tap Water Production and Distribution
The Company produces and distributes tap
1) Water Production and Distribution
The Company produces and distributes raw water under the name of Super Water Co., Ltd. The
Company’s customers are divided into the following
water under the name of Super Water Co., Ltd. to three groups:
Amata City Industrial Estate in Chonburi, a major
industrial estate in Thailand with an area of 15,567 rai, 1 . The Provincial Waterworks Authority in
which caused Amata City Industrial Estate to have Phuket with two projects in Chalong, two projects in
high demand for water. The Company made a raw Kathu and one project under construction in Pa Tong,
water purchase/sale agreement with Amata Water Co., a total of five projects with a contract duration of five
Ltd. with a minimum amount of five million cubic years and a minimum water volume of 16,300 cubic
meters per year (no minimum calculations in the first meters/day.
tw years) and an agreement duration of 25 years.
Super Water Co., Ltd. invested in purchasing ponds 2 . Distribute to some houeholds in Chai
for storing raw water and constructing a system for Mongkol, Samutsakorn.
drawing water from natural canals including systems
for pumping water and pipes for sending raw water 3 . The Provincial Waterworks Authority in
from Amata City Industrial Estate. Chonburi in the water distribution area of Samnak Bok
and Nong Bon Dang.
The project uses water from Mab Pai with a
water holding capacity of 47.27 square meters and Tap Water Production Steps – Pumping
water is brought into Nong Tam Lueng Raw Water stations pump raw water from sources leased by the
Reservoir (96 rai) with a capacity of 4 million cubic Company consisting of the Talad Nam water source,
meters. The project has a system for sending raw the Si Kor water source and the Koy Somboon water
water for Amata City Industrial Estate via a 630 mm. source with a total capacity of 2,700,000 cubic meters.
HDPE pipe with a longth of 2,154 meters and a 600 Plants or floating objects are removed before raw
mm. underground steel pipe with a length of 5,036 water is brought into the tap water production process.
meters for a total distance of 7.2 kilometers. Raw water Chemicals are added to condition water acidity and
is sent to customer reservoirs by using two floating raw alkalinity, making precipitation faster through filtering
and adding chlorine to disinfect water before checking
quality and distributing tap water.
Tap Water Production Steps concessions to operate in the water business from the
Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment. At
Raw Water the same time, the Company expanded distribution of
industrial waster to Samutsakorn Industrial Estate and
Alum, pre-chlorine, lime. areas west of the Tha Chin River to meet demand for
industrial waster and compensate for ground water
Static Mixcer – Fast Mix used by the industrial sector in Samutsakorn. Current
major and minor customers need 14,000 cubic meters
Flocculaion Box – Slow of water per day. Furthermore, customers in the
Mix service area have a need for 4,000 cubic meters/day
of water in the future.
Precipitation
In the area of raw water sources, the
Sand Filtering Tank Company received permission to pump water from
irrigation projects to produce tap water by pumping or
Post-chlorine drawing 100,000 cubic meters of water per day and
Clear Water Storage sending water along with maintaining connections
between the Mae Klong and Tha Cin Rivers. The
Tank aforementioned canal accepts water from the Mae
Klong River, which holds large amounts of water,
Pumping Building causing the Company to have high water source
security with no problems from shortages.
Water Pumping for
Project Reverse osmosis industrial waster production
systems used by the Company have a production
3) Industrial Water Production and Distribution capacity of 13,000 cubic meters per day. Reverse
The Company produces and distributes osmosis was divided into two phases. Phase 1 has a
production capacity of 5,000 cuic meters/day and
industrial water under the name of Thaipanichnawa Phase 2 has a capacity of 9,000 cubic meters/day.
Construction and Lang Nam Thai Joint Venture Co., The filter system uses fine filters, preventing
Ltd. with shares held by Super Water Co., Ltd. compounds, contaminants and germs larger than
Industrial water is produced and distributed to filters from passing through. Compounds and
Samutsakorn and tap water is distributed to Chai contaminants are separated from water and removed
Mongkol, Samutsakorn, in the central region next to from the system to prevent contamination and
the Gulf of Thailand. The province has 5,585 industrial accumulation in membranes. The Company has pipes
factories, the highest number in Thailand, causing to send water to water systems and industries via PE
Samutsakorn to have a shortage of water for use in pipes with four sizes consisting of 630 mm., 315 mm.,
industries.
Therefore, the Company produces water for
distribution in the area of Chai Mongkol Tambon
Administrative Organization in Samutsakorn with
225 mm. and 160 mm. with a distance of 11
kilometers.
The RO system has the following four filtering steps: 2.3.2 Market and Competition
1 . Sediment filters filter every type of rough The Company is engaged in the business of
sediment in water in the first stage such as fine sand, producing and distributing raw water, industrial water
steel rust, powder, microorganisms and items five and tap water for the country’s major industrial estates
times smaller than hair. The filter is 5-micron including the Provincial Waterworks Authority.
polypropylene, which conditions water at a level to Competition in the area is currently low. In addition,
extend useful life of membrane filters. likelihood of competitors is low. The Samutsakorn
Industry Council recommends water purchases for
2. Pre-carbon filters are made from activated factories in Samutsakorn to reduce entrepreneurs’
carbon which reduces chlorine in water which costs in industrial sector manufacturing processes
destroys membranes. Furthermore, pre-carbon filters alogn with providing reserve water sources for bsiness
improve water coloration, odor and taste. continuity plans. However, in new areas, competition is
widely open for all parties to bid in new water projects.
3. RO membranes can remove contaminants
in water and use pressure to push water through Customer Groups and Distribution Channels
membranes which have 0.0001-micron pores to allow
water to pass through. RO membranes use salt The Company divides customers into three
rejection to separate 95-99.8 percent of chemicals and groups to cover main target groups in each area
heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium and consisting of:
germs in water.
1. Industrial estates
4 . Post-carbon filter made from activated 2. The Provincial Waterworks Authority
carbon is used in the final step to filter and remove 3. Household consumers
odors or gas in water and make water taste natural. The Company has channels for distributing
raw water, tap water and industrial water to customers
Work Chart of the Water Production System with a as a wholesaler and direct distribution to consumers.
Production Capacity of 5,000 Cubic Meters/Day
Furthermore, the Company has a goal to increase capacity among the Company’s personnel to
expand the customer base further in areas close to old prepare to provide communication services and, more
distribution points and in other provinces in the importantly, gain technical ability to support service
southern region and the centeral region. The Company provision or government sector and private sector
has high readiness in the area of investment and customeers with IT process and infrastructure
management, which will create stability with coverage management for consistency with the digital economy
of the abovementioned areas. era.
Strategies
2.4.1 Characteristics of Products or Services
1. Water quality is measured at customer
water reception points every week. Open Technology PCL is engaged in the
information and communications technology business.
2. Water quality measurements are sent to The Company is engaged in a business with a focus
LAB every month. on a model which facilitates consistency with the
needs of each customer group ranging from product
3. Fast service. and system selection. The Company distributes
4. Solve every problem requested by reputable technology products through
customers even when not in the scope of service. distributors/partners in order to procure technology
5. Consistently maintain good relationships. products suitable for customer use and business
operations in the government sector, state enterprises,
4. Information & Commication Technology Business private organizations and independent organizations
The Company’s business goals during rapid to create maximum benefit for customer organizations
and businesses. The Company places importance on
technological changes are toi plan operations to management services by providing outsourcing
services with expert engineer teams working with
customer engineer teams as one team to create
flexibility and maximum efficiency under conditions of
service level agreements. Furthermore, the Company
provides on-demand services such as maintenance
services when equipment or systems malfunction. In
addition, application software development and
maintenance services are provided by teams with
expertise in system development in the government
sector and the private sector to meet the needs of
customers in every sector. Furthermore, the Company
developed systems for use in providing cloud
management services to create effectiveness,
flexibility and speed in serving customers.
Income Structure 2) Maintenance and Outsourcing Services
OPEN’s total income structure in the past The Company has a flexible model for
three years is divided into the following categories of providing system repair or maintenance services for
products and services: customers according to customer needs ranging from
sending company employees to customer companies
2020 2019 2018 to provide onsite or on-demand services. In addition,
the Company provides management services by
Products Cubic % Cubic % Cubic % sending employees to be stationed at points
Meters Meters Meters designated by customers (outsourcing services0 in
addition to providing employees at IT help desks to
Service Income1/ 85.08 92.34 79.49 91.95 126.09 92.69 solve problems by telephone and coordinate in cases
where experts are needed to solve problems
Sales Income2/ 0.36 0.39 1.47 1.70 3.22 2.37 conveniently and quickly with coverage of system
application correction, development and maintenance
Real Estate 5.34 5.80 5.37 6.21 5.30 3.89 when providing services for government sector, state
Management enterprise and private sector customers.
Income
The Company has a maintenance service
Other Income/3 1.36 1.47 0.12 0.14 1.43 1.05 and outsourcing service model.
Total Income 92.14 100.00 86.45 100 136.04 100 Provide services in all 24 hours every day
without stopping.
Remarks: /1 Income from most service businesses was from
Provide services for eight hours per day in
maintenance services and outsourcing services. five business days.
/2 Income from sale of computer equipment The Company sends employees to be
stationed at customers’ points to provide services in
hardware, software and attachments is recorded and the model agreed with customers.
acknowledged as income from computer and software sales
while income from cost of the aforementioned equipment
installation is recorded as income from development services
and equipment and system maintenance.
/3 Other income consists of interest received and
other miscellaneous income.
1) System Integration
Information system development and
planning or system integration is the business of
providing one-stop services consisting of system
design, hardware and software procurement, system
development and consultation in appropriate
computer system and information installation to meet
customer needs within the specified budget, provide
system integration services such as data storage
systems, data security systems, internal system
integration systems and internet integration systems,
etc.
3) Business Management and Consultation Service In the past year, the Company developed
work systems to help manage the organization’s
Business management and consultation is networks and provide online cloud services for
the Company’s first business such as property customers to enhance management speed and
management. Furthermore, the Company accepts efficiency.
information technology management and consultation
work when planning information systems. The Quality Personnel Recruitment
Company is a telecommunication consultant Clarity in business management enabled the
registered with the Thai Consultant Database Center,
Ministry of Finance. Company to effectively plan work in various areas to
be consistent with the main policy. When improving
2.4.2 Product or Service Procurement capacity of internal organizations and customers in
this digital transformer era, the Company needed to
Business Strategy select quality personnel suitable for functions to create
Successful operations in the information maximum efficiency in providing maintenance and
outsourcing services. The Company has strict policies
technology business requires the Company to build in recruiting quality personnel to join the organization
the organization’s strength. The Company has always and hosts in-house and outside training in terms of
adhered to this guideline because competition is high techniques and other skills (soft skills along with
in the market and technology is always changing. The holding continual reviews and modifications to
Company sees and recognizes the importance of the employee benefits in order to provide a good quality of
aforementioned significance. Thus, the Company life for recruited personnel and be ready to provide
continues to operate in the business with sustainability services to create satisfactioin and added business
by emphasizing on past business operation strategies. value for the Company’s group and customers.
However, the Company changes content, steps and
guidelines with the era and technological changes. Quality Development and Consistency of Services
To operate a good service business, the
Clarity of Business Operations
As mentioned above, business operations Company needed to pay close attention to customers
and provide services for added customer benefits by
need strength in the organization to enable effective providing technical and manpower consultation and
competition with competitors in the market. In the past, support for customers to develop customer
the Company made clear work and policy plans to organizations as a strategy to maintain customer
develop the business mainly in the area of satisfaction in the Company’s services among the old
maintenance and outsourcing services. In addition to customer base. Furthermore, the Company arranges
providing services for outside organizations, another for project managers to provide consultation and
mission is to increase capacity in technology for coordinate with customers, teams and offices to create
internal organizations to have flexibility consistent with flexibility and facilitate care for customers in each
changes in the digital transformer era. project. Moreover, the Company created the central IT
Help Desk to solve initial problems and coordinate
with various agencies to facilitate service provision for from private sector agencies and international trade
customers. customers was at 29.92 percent of total income.
Maintaining Old Customer Bases and Building the The Company continually provided services
Business for the financial institution, assets and insurance group
with income from the aforementioned group at 8.63
The aforementioned strategies enabled the percent of total income.
Company to maintain old customer bases. In the past
year, the Company expanded into businesses Customers from independent organizations,
connected to IT work to provide maintaince and agencies and other consisted of domestic and
outsourcing services, particularly for government overseas public charity organizations and public
sector customers. organizations. The Company provides services for this
group of customers without aiming for profit to support
Customer Characteristics and Target Customers the aforementioned organizations and public agencies
The Company has a large customer base in in order to indirectly benefit society.
each business group and the Company targets four 2.4.3 Industry Conditions and Competition
main groups of customers consisting of the Over the past year, clear political,
government agency and government enterprise
group, the private agency and international trade commercial and lifestyle changes among people
group, the financial institution, securities and worldwide can be seen from entry into the digital
insurance group and the independent organizations transformation era including in Thailand where
and agencies group and other. technologies are used in business operations to
increase the organization’s digital capabilities in the
Government and state enterprise customers areas of work models, product development and
remain a main customer group. The Company’s intereactions with trading partners and customers in
business soperations in 2019 showed the Company to order to fully become a digital economy. Although
have income from the aforementioned group at 62.45 political turmoil caused the global economy to enter
percent of total income. recession, Gartner Inc (a market research and
analysis service provider for the IT industry) estimates
Private sector and international trade that the global economy will grow by 3.9 trillion dollars,
customers consist of technology and medical service a 3.4-percent increase from 2019. In Thailand, despite
businesses, industry and retail groups, aviation groups political issues, the economy is expected to grow by
and automobile businesses, etc. This group is another 2.4 percent or an investment value of over 7.52 billion
main group of customers for whom the Company baht. Organization IT expenses from using cloud
provided businesses and maintained trust in services. services will grow rapidly and continually.
The Company’s team works with customers in
partnerships by continually participating in planning
and meetings, which gives the Company
understanding of work characteristics and problems
along with creating speed and flexibility in project
management. In 2019, the C, the Company’s income
importance of CSR to build awareness among
company employees to have awareness in the area of
participation in society and create attachment to the
organization, leading to bsiness sustainability.
According to IDC estimates in 2020, 20 2.4.5 Undelivered Work
percent of large organizations in Thailand specified The Company has product sale agreements
clear strategies for creating digital transformation
platforms and began installing this platform as a main and customer service agreements with deliveries in
instrument of competition in the digital economy. single deliveries, installments or regular deliveries
Another unavoidable part is 5G technology, which will according to time specifications in contracts. As of 31
play a significant role and become an important key in December 2020, the Company has a contract value of
pushing for digital economy reform and remaking the 35.76 million baht.
Thai industrial sector in the digital era.
2.4.4 Social Responsibility/CSR Work
The Company is aware that generating the 3. Risk Factors
highest value for the organization not only generates
the highest returns for the business but also considers SUPER recognizes and places importance
employee living conditions and participation in society on risk management. SUPER sees risk management
inside and outside the organization. The Company as a tool and a guideline for efficient and stable
continues to need to create understanding of the management of business operations according to
goals. SUPER considers risk management as a key
element of every work process. Therefore, the
Company plans and tests risk management including
current and future guidelines for preventing potential
losses.
3 . 1 Solar Energy Power Plant Operation and 1) Risks from Climate Change
Maintenance Service Business Because the Company invests in and
1) Risk from Machine and Equipment Deterioration develops renewable energy power plants such as
Solar energy power plant business solar energy power plants, waste energy power plants
and wind energy power plants in Vietnam and the
operations consist of main machinery and equipment aforementioned projects may be impacted by climate
such as solar panels, inverters and transformers change or fluctuations such as light intensity and
connected in a system to generate electricity and disasters, most of the Company’s investments are in
distribute electricity for electricity authorities. The domestic solar energy power plant projects. Therefore,
aforementioned equipment have long useful lives and solar energy power plant projects are highly
warranties directly from the manufacturer. However, if dependent on solar energy. If light intensity is low or
any equipment degrades earlier than specifications or Thailand has heavy cloud cover, the Company’s solar
degrade in operations, this will have effects on the farms may be unable to fully generate electricity with
electricity generation process and is a risk that the potential effects on the Company’s electricity sale
Company must correct quickly. In addition to selecting income.
quality and accepted machines and equipment,
follow-up maintenance of every machine and However, because Thailand is located close
equipment is necessary and important for operations to the equator, Thailand has high light intensity.
in order for the aforementioned machines and Furthermore, the Company studied light intensity in
equipment to operate at full efficiency. each area by using light intensity data from ten years
in retrospect from the National Aviation and Space
3.2 Renewable Energy Power Plant Business Agency (NASA) and details factors and trends of
incidents such as studies of statistical data in the past
Past operations in the business of generating and future trends concerning light intensity in solar
electricity from the Company’s solar and waste energy power plant project areas to be certain that the
power plant projects may encounter risks with Company’s solar farm construction area has high light
potential effects on the Company’s performance. intensity. In addition, the Company studies and selects
Although the renewable energy power plant business project areas for power plant project development by
is a low-risk business, land procurement, construction studying flood statistics along with designing solar
and electricity sale may have some of the following panel foundation for durability according to
risk factors. However, the Company recognizes the engineering standards to be able to withstand wind at
importance of specifying guidelines for managing speeds of no less than 80 kilometers per hour and
potential risks by monitoring and assessing impacts connecting independent power lines between solar
along with specifying the following risk prevention panels, which will help reduce potential damage from
measures: lightning. Furthermore, the Company made all-risks
insurance for every solar farm in the project.
2) Risks from Premature Solar Panel Deterioration interest rate swap support approval to support the
The amount of electricity from solar farms is Company’s current projects in order to manage
interest risks. Therefore, the Company uses caution in
dependent on many factors. One of the factors with effectively managing the Company’s finances to
effects on electricity quantity is solar panel create the most benefit for the Company. If interest
degradation. If solar panels degrade early, this may rates change significantly, the Company will consider
have effects on the amount of electricity generated using financial instruments to properly close risks in
and cause solar panels to generate less electricity. the next step.
This will cause the Company to be impacted by having
less income than estimates. 4) Risks from Fuel Procurement
In industrial waste power plant projects, one
However, all of the Company’s solar farm
projects have launched commercial operations. The main factor of operations is the ability to procure
Company has a 25-year warranty for solar panel sufficient fuel at appropriate prices to enable projects
degradation froom the manufacturer. Furthermore, the to manage costs effectively.
Company made all risks insurance. If damage occurs,
the Company can demand coverage immediately. The Company’s projects contact more than
one fuel vendor in areas close to the Company’s
3) Risks from Interest Rates power plant locations to distribute risks and reduce
One source of capital used bythe Company burdens from transportation expenses with medium to
long-term contract durations in order to reduce fuel
to invest in the renewable energy power plant price fluctuations. In addition, the Company reserves
business is capital from financial institutions. The fuel to support the management process for six
Company uses caution to properly manage capital months in cases where fuel vendors cannot deliver
because the Company has loans frm domestic fuel to the Company on schedule. This enables the
financial institutions. The aforementioned financial Company to find new vendors in the aforementioned
institutions specified interest rates according to time. Furthermore, the Company’s projects can use
characteristics and objectives in using the RDF fuel with main industrial waste fuel at 25 percent,
aforementioned loans. For example, loans for investing giving the Company fuel procurement flexibility.
in solar energy power plant projects usually use MLR Moreover, the Company’s group invested in RDF fuel
benchmark rates. Letters of credit or trust receipts for production to support growth and increased RDF use.
international transactions usually use LIBOR Therefore, the Company is confident of having no
benchmark interest rates. problems from insufficient fuel procurement.
Therefore, after consideration, the company 5) Risks from Machine and Equipment Deterioration
has risks from gains/losses in the aforementioned The Company’s power plant projects,
interest rates. However, movements of each type of
benchmark interest rate will change without particularly industrial waste energy power plant
significance. Therefore, selection of financial projects, have more complex generation steps than
intruments to prevent interest rate movement is not solar energy power plants. In addition, projects
necessary. Furthermore, the Company received
operated in all 24 hours of the day. Thus, the Company has plans to manage by increasing the
Company needs to regularly maintain machines and number of wells by making water purchase
equipment to prevent machine and equipment agreements with MBK Resort PCL in order to ensure
damage, malfunction and early degradation, etc. that the Company is able to distribute sufficient water
However, in the past, the Company invested in for the minimum amount in the water purchase
machines and equipment that meet standards and agreement made with Phuket Provincial Waterworks
have warranty from manufacturers. Furthermore, the Authority.
Company arranged for stops in generation to maintain
primary machines and equipment including insurance, 2) Flood Risks
etc. The Company studied and collected
6 ) Risks from Dependence on Power Purchases by geographical information. Water production project
EGAT locations are outside flood areas and higher than the
original surface, which is sufficient for avoiding flood
Currently, EGAT is a major power producer risks and projects located in areas designed to drain
of power plant projects. Therefore, the Company’s water in the area. Thus, the Company has little risk of
electricity generation and distribution business is flooding.
mainly dependent on EGAT. However, in the past, the
Company was always able to carry out power plant 3 . 4 Risk Factors in the Information and
projects according to conditions in power purchase Communication Technology Business
agreements (PPAs) and the Company made plans to
prevent potential problems from operations to prevent The past year is considered a major change
risks from compliance with agreements. for the IT industry in entering the digital transformer
age. Every company made preparations and invested
3.3 Water Distribution Business in digital technology. The Company uses
To build confidence among the persons cloud/mobile/social network technologies including
application development to enhance business
involved, the Company recognizes the importance of management efficiency. However, the Company
managing potential short-term and long-term risks by needs to consider risk factors in various areas and
studying potential impacts beginning from analyzing manage risk reductiionis in various areas.
internal and external environmental factors and
operate continually by assessing risks from frequency 1) Risks from Dependence on Personnel
or likelihood of risks and impacts of risks including Human resource management is vitally
severity of events that will cause impacts on the
Company. important in order to catch up and be consistent with
technological changes in personnel recruitment,
1) Drought Risks training and retaining quality personnel, especially for
In 2020, the Company found potential the Company. The main factor of the organization is
human resources. Business operations need talented
problems from drought, particularly in Phuket. The personnel with knowledge and expertise in various
technologies in addition to improving knowledge and product owners or distributors in order to plan projects
capabilities to be consistent with technological in advance. During project operations, project
changes for customer service. The Company sees the managers monitor and check work plans to monitor
importance of personnel development by hosting work plans to be consistent with delivery schedules.
seminars and the Company’s consultants continually This enables the Company to solve potential problems
plan soft skill and technical skill seminars to create quickly and in a timely manner without effects on
good relationships in the organization and improve projects overall.
employee skills in addition to the Company’s benefits.
3.5 Risks from Overseas Investments
2) Risks from Technological Changes
Over the past year, cloud computing 1 ) Risks from Foreign Currency Exchange Rate
Fluctuations
technology can be seen to have a strong trend in
every government and private organization. This is not In constructing solar farms, 60 percent of the
simply an IT system upgrade but a makeover of the project investment budget is used to procure solar
business to enter the digital era in order to improve panels and inverters by importing solar panels and
operating capacity of organizations in the government inverters from abroad. The Company has to pay the
sector and the private sector in the areas of accuracy, cost of solar panels and inverters in foreign currency.
speed and improvements to organization efficiency. Thus, the Company may have risks from exchange
Any business which fails to adapt or change with rate fluctuations at the time of paying for the cost of
rapidly changing technological changes would not be solar panels and inverters, which may cause expenses
able to continue business operations. from solar farm investments to be different from the
budget.
3) Project Operation Risks
Information and communication technology However, in the Company’s solar energy
power plant development, the Company has a policy
service provision in projects have long operation to consider currency rates and prevent risks by using
times. OPEN’s service provision may have risks from FX forward agreements and FX option rights to fully
inability to deliver work according to the schedule hedge against risks from exchange rate fluctuations.
specified in contracts, which causes the Company to The Company makes FX forward agreements or FX
be at risk of being fined by customers. Main causes of option rights at the full amount when solar energy and
delays may be from delivery of products of inverters are recorded as the Company’s assets.
manufacturers or distributors or change types or
properties of systems that will be installed. Project 2 ) Foreign Operation Risks from Lack of Knowledge
operations mostly provide services for customers with and Understanding of Related Laws or Regulations
large organizations such as the government sector,
state enterprises and financial institutions. The Company’s investments in solar energy
power plants and wind energy power plants in
To prevent risks from project delivery delays, Vietnam require the Company to understand and
OPEN arranges for project managers to oversee and study regulations, laws and specifications for proper
coordinate between the Company, customers and practice because each country’s laws are different
and some topics have complications from different
specifications in each area. Lack of sufficient
knowledge and understanding may cause delays or
inaccuracies. Therafore, before the Company
invested, the Company thoroughly studied impacts
with the Company’s consultants in the areas of
investment, project development and compliance with
laws and regulations, etc. Thus, the Company
currently has personnel to effectively support work in
this area, enabling the Company to operate in
businesses in neighboring countries.
3) COVID-19 Outbreak Risks
COVID-19 outbreaks in the country and
every region of the world from late 2019 to early 2020
and the second wave of outbreaks at the end of 2020
caused the overall economy to enter recession.
Although the Company’s business was not directly
affected, indirect impacts are clearly seen in enacted
measures such as suspension of international travel
and social distancing, etc., causing coordination to be
inconvenient and causing delays to occur. The
Company understands and consistently supports
compliance with government sector guidelines by
changing methods of communication to use
information technology in communication in addition to
using work-from-home measures for personnel in at-
risk areas, etc.
4. Assets Used in Business Operations
4.1 Main Permanent Assets of the Company and Subsidiaries
As of 31 December 2020, main assets used in the business of generating electricity from renewable energy
of the Company consisted of the following three main types of assets:
1. Land and modifications used as renewable energy power plant locations.
2. Electricity generation machines (solar energy) such as solar panels, inverters and transformers, etc.
3. Electricity generation machines (waste energy) consist of steam turbines and electricity generators, etc.
Asset Types/Characteristics Ownership Net Value of Net Value of Obligations
Domestic Assets Overseas
Land and Modifications The Company & Assets (million Most obligations are with
Buildings and Modifications (million baht) financial institutions.
Subsidiaries baht) Mortgage obligations with
The Company & 5,683.70 -
2,798.42 1,707.92
Subsidiaries financial institutions.
Office Units and Modifications The Company & 28.05 - Mortgage obligations with
Subsidiaries financial institutions.
Work Under Construction The Company & 433.69 1,972.47 No obligations.
Subsidiaries
Machinery and Equipment The Company & 22,449.18 15,401.33 Mortgage obligations with
Subsidiaries financial institutions.
Public Utility Systems The Company & 950.08 58.57 Mortgage obligations with
Subsidiaries financial institutions.
Decorations and Office The Company & 198.80 13.84 No obligations.
Supplies Subsidiaries
Vehicles The Company & 18.40 1.25 Hire purchase agreement
Subsidiaries obligations.
Total 32,560.31 19,155.38
Table Showing Characteristics of Assets Used in
Operations in the business of generating electricity from renewable energy requires power purchase
agreements to be signed. Power purchase agreements are agreements concerning rights to operate in the electricity
generation and distribution business with long-term obligations. As of 28 February 2021, business operations have the
following main contents:
No. Total Electricity Amount in Power Purchase Agreements (MW) Amount upon Duration
Total Electricity (MW) Reaching (years)
COD
1 Power Purchase Agreements with Adder Support for Solar Energy 7.00 7.00 10
Power Plant Projects at 8.00 Baht/Unit
2 Power Purchase Agreements with Adder Support for Solar Energy 5.95 5.95 10
Power Plant Projects at 6.50 Baht/Unit
3 Power Purchase Agreements with Feed-in Tariff Support for Solar 524.15 522.65 25
Energy Power Plant Projects at 5.66 Baht/Unit
4 Power Purchase Agreements with Feed-in Tariff Support for Solar 28.00 28.00 25
Energy Power Plant Projects at 4.12 Baht/Unit
5 Power Purchase Agreements with Adder Support for Waste Energy 26.00 18 7
Power Plant Projects at 3.50 Baht/Unit
6 Power Purchase Agreements with Feed-in Tariff Support for Waste 6 - 20
Energy Power Plant Projects at 5.08 Baht/Unit 16 - 20
7 Power Purchase Agreements with Feed-in Tariff Support for SPP
Hybrid Firm Solar Energy Power Plant Projects at 1.03+Fit V
Baht/Unit
Total 613.10 581.60
Types and Characteristics of the Company’s Domestic Power Purchase Agreements as of 19 March 2021
No. Total Electricity Amount in Power Purchase Agreements (MW) Total Electricity (MW) Amount upon Duration
Reaching COD (years)
286.72 286.72 20
1 Power Purchase Agreements with Feed-in Tariff Support for Solar
Energy Power Plant Projects at 9.35 UScents/kWh
550.00 550.00 20
2 Power Purchase Agreements with Feed-in Tariff Support for Solar
Energy Power Plant Projects at 7.09 UScents/kWh
3 Power Purchase Agreements with Feed-in Tariff Support for Wind 171.00 - 20
250.0 - 20
Energy Power Plant Projects at 9.8 UScents/kWh
4 Power Purchase Agreements with Feed-in Tariff Support for Wind
Energy Power Plant Projects at 8.5 UScents/kWh
Total 1,257.72 836.72
Remarks: For the power purchase rate in No. 3, power purchase agreements of some projects are a work-in-progress and will
have a fixed power purchase price in the future.
Types and Characteristics of the Company’s Overseas Power Purchase Agreements as of 28 February 2020
4.2 Policy on Investments in Subsidiaries, Holding Furthermore, the Company is able to expand
Companies and Related Companies power plant operations and maintenance further to
power plants in the Company’s group and/or other
The Company has a policy to expand work in companies in the future. If the government agencies
the area of operation and maintenance services by involved accept requests to sell electricity from
placing importance on monitoring power plant renewable energy power plants, the Company and/or
operations and maintaining machines and equipment subsidiaries will submit the aforementioned requests
in order for the aforementioned power plants to be to sell solar energy, waste energy and wind energy.
able to generate and distribute electricity at full The Company is ready and experienced from past
capacityalong with providing consultation concerning business operations including purchasing the
the renewable energy business consisting of solar business from other private sector entities. If proposals
energy, waste energy and wind energy. The Company are made and the Company considers the
has a clear policy to engage in the business of aforementioned project to be suitable and fit
operating and maintaining power plants owned by the investment conditions specified by the Company, the
Company’s group and/or other outside companies in Company will invest further and investments may be
the future. In addition, the Company has the objective made by the Company and/or the Company’s
to expand the scope of business to the construction subsidiaries in order to increase opportunities and
contracting and renewable energy power plant expand the Company’s power plant operation and
processing business in the future along with maintenance services including expanding power
expanding the renewable energy business to every plants among subsidiaries.
form which the Company is ready and able to operate
with a goal to become a leader in the generation and 2. Increase the Company’s Income and
distribution business. Improve the Company’s Performance
Electricity from solar energy power plants This will help the Company have greater
caused the Companyto acknowledge annually rising income growth by operating in the power plant
income from the solar energy generation and operation and maintenance business after power
distribution business. The Company expects to plants began commercial operations with clear hiring
receive benefits that help with increasing the contracts along with generating and distributing
Company’s capacity to compete and profitability as electricity for the EGAT, MEA and PEA. The Company
follows: will make long-term power purchase agreements.
Under the aforementioned agreements, purchase
1. Expansion of the Scope of Business quantities and prices are fixed at each time, giving
Operations each power producer certain income. Therefore, this
investment in the solar energy power plant business
The Company is able to expand the scope of should cause SUPER’s income and profit to have
business operations to the renewable energy higher likelihood of future growth.
generation and distribution business in other forms
than solar energy because electricity is a basic
product necessary for life.
The Company has a policy to invest in
renewable energy power plant businesses with
capacity for growth and suitable long-term returns. In
addition, the Company sends directors or selects
executives with appropriate qualifications and
experience for business operations to be directors of
companies in the group in order to represent the
Company in management and specify key policies in
controlling subsidiary business operations. Apart from
the solar energy power plant investment and
development business, the Company has a policy to
expand to the one-stop solar energy power plant
construction contracting service (EPC) and the solar
energy power plant operation, maintenance and
processing service business.
The Company’s key financial supporters are
Bangkok Bank PCL, Thanachart Bank PCL, Ayutthaya
Bank PCL, the Import-Export Bank of Thailand, ICBC
(Thailand) PCL, etc., and other financial institutions
prepared to offer support to the Company or raise
funds via channels such as by increasing capital,
issuing financial instruments, raising funds in the form
of infrastructure funds and issue and offer debentures,
etc.
If the Company needs to raise capital, the Company
needs approval for the aforementioned increase in
capital from the Board of Directors’ meeting and the
shareholder meeting.
5. Legal Disputes
As of 31 December 2020, the Company has
no legal disputes or lawsuits to demand compensation
for damage against the Company’s assets and
performance.
6. General Information and Other Key Information
Company Name Description
English Name ๏ SUPER ENERGY CORPORATION PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED
Abbreviated Name ๏ “SUPER”
Registration No. ๏ 0107547000958
Registered Capital ๏ 3,281,935,872.80 baht
Paid-up Registered Capital ๏ 2,734,947,310.70 baht
Business Type
๏ The Company is engaged in the business of providing operation and
Organization Credit maintenance services for solar energy power plants and holding shares in
Rating subsidiaries and/or holding companies engaged in the business of
Main Office Location generating and distributing electricity from renewable energies such as solar
energy, waste energy and wind energy including other businesses such as
Home Page the information and communication technology business and the water
Tel. production and distribution business.
Fax.
Securities Registrar ๏ BBB with stable trends.
Rated by Tris Rating Co., Ltd. on 4 December 2020.
The Company’s Certified ๏ 223/61, 14th Floor, Country Complex, Building A, Sanphawut Rd., Bang Na
Public Accountant Tai, Bang Na, Bangkok, 10260
๏ www.supercorp.co.th
๏ (662) 361-5599
๏ (662) 361-5036
๏ Thailand Securities Depository Co., Ltd.
Main Offices at 62, Ratchadaphisek Rd., 4th and 7th Floors, Khlong Toei,
Khlong Toei, Bangkok, 10110.
Tel. (662) 229-2800 Fax. (662) 832-4994-5
๏ Miss Sopapan Saptippayarattana, Certified Public Accountant No. 6533, Deloitte
Touche Tohmatsu Jaiyos Audit Company Limited
11/1 AIA Sathorn Tower, 22nd-27th Floors, Soi St. Louis 3 (Sathorn 11), South
Sathorn Rd., Yannawa, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120
โทรศพั ท์ (662)-034-0000 โทรสาร (662)-034-0100
www.deloitte.com
Super Energy Corporation PLC.
Registered capital 3,281,935,872.80 บาท
Super Energy Group Co., Ltd. Open Technology PLC. Super Earth Energy Co., Ltd. Super Water Co., Ltd.
Shreholding 100% Shareholding 76.25% Shareholding 100%
Shareholding 100%
Super Solar Energy Co., Ltd. Super Wind Energy Co., Ltd. Super Speed Construction Co., Ltd.
Super Sky Energy Co.,Ltd. Shareholding100%
Shareholding 100% Shareholding 100% Shareholding70%
Thai Panichnawa Construction and
PT Drive (Thailand) Co., Ltd. Energy Serve Land Co., Ltd. Lemon Gold Farm Co., Ltd. Super Earth Energy 2 Co.,Ltd. Langnumthai Joint Venture Co., Ltd.
Shareholding 95% Shareholding100% Shareholding76% Shareholding100%
Shareholding100%
Rootsun Co., Ltd. Power Technology International Land Co., Super Solar (Thailand) Co., Ltd. Super Earth Energy 3 Co.,Ltd. Super Water PPS Co., Ltd.
Shareholding 100% Ltd. Shareholding100% Shareholding100%
Shareholding90%
Pro Solar One Co., Ltd. Shareholding100% Millennium Act Co., Ltd. Super Earth Energy 4 Co.,Ltd.
Shareholding 100% NPS Star Land Co., Ltd. Shareholding100% Shareholding100%
North Solar Power Co.,Ltd. 17 Anyawee Holding Co.,Ltd.
Shareholding 100% Shareholding100% Shareholding100% Super Earth Energy 5 Co.,Ltd.
STFE Solar Co.,Ltd. General Land Co., Ltd. Shareholding100%
Shareholding 100% Electrica Asia Power Co.,Ltd.
Shareholding100% Shareholding100% Super Earth Energy 6 Co.,Ltd.
Tang Sae Yiang Green Power Co.,Ltd. Shareholding49%
World Exchange Asia Land Co., Ltd. Media Mark Co.,Ltd.
Shareholding 100% Shareholding100% Shareholding86% Green Power Energy Co.,Ltd.
Health Planet Management(Thailand) Shareholding100%
Energy Serve Co., Ltd. En Serve Technology Co.,Ltd.
Shareholding 51% Shareholding100% Co.,Ltd. Super Earth Energy 1 Co.,Ltd.
GSreheanreBhio-oldMinagh1a0s0a%rakham Co.Ltd. Shareholding100%
Sri Nakha Power Co.,Ltd Asta Power Co.,Ltd. Super Earth Energy 8 Co.,Ltd.
Shareholding 100% Shareholding49% Shareholding10%0% Shareholding100%
Super Earth Energy 9 Co.,Ltd.
Amanuf Co.,Ltd. IQ Green Co.,Ltd. IQ Good Co.,Ltd. Shareholding100%
Shareholding 49% Shareholding49% Shareholding100%
Thai Green Co.,Ltd. Muang Thai Na Yu Co.,Ltd.
Power TechnologyInternational IQ Solar Co., Ltd. Shareholding100% Shareholding92.54%
Co.,Ltd. Shareholding49% PKT Green Co.,Ltd. Nong Khai Na Yu Co., Ltd.
Shareholding100% Shareholding67%
Shareholding 49% AIQ Energy Co.,Ltd.
Shareholding49% Holding Company
SPP 6 Co., Ltd.
Shareholding 49% IQ Energy Co.,Ltd. Project Company
Shareholding49%
Solkit Solar Co., Ltd.
Shareholding 74.5% Equator Solar Co.,Ltd.
Shareholding49%
WRP Energy Co.,Ltd. Energy Serve 1 Co., Ltd.
Shareholding100% Shareholding49%
Northeast Future Energy Co., Ltd. Energy Serve 2 Co., Ltd.
Shareholding100% Shareholding49%
S2P Energy Co., Ltd. Energy Serve 3 Co., Ltd.
Shareholding100% Shareholding49%
Apollo Solar Co., Ltd.
Shareholding100
WXA 4 Co., Ltd.
Shareholding100%
WXA 5 Co., Ltd.
Shareholding100%
WXA 6 Co., Ltd.
Shareholding100%
WXA 7 Co., Ltd.
Shareholding100%
Super Energy Corporation PLC
Super Solar Energy Co., Ltd. SUPER ENERGY GROUP CO., LTD Super Energy
Hold shares 100 % Hold shares 100 % (HongKong) Co.,Ltd.
Hold shares 100 % Hold shares 100 %
Super Wind Energy Super Wind Energy Co., Ltd.
(HongKong) 1 Co.,Ltd. Hold shares 100 %
Hold shares 100 %
Super Solar (Thailand) Co., Ltd. Super Energy (East) Co.,Ltd. Super Energy Group SUPER ENERGY (East) 1 CO., LTD Super Wind Energy Congly
Hold shares 100 % Hold shares 100 % (Hong Kong)Co.,Ltd. Hold shares100 % Bac Lieu Joint Stock Co., Ltd.
Hold shares 100 % Hold shares 90 %
SSE Vietnam 1 Joint Stock Co., Ltd Super Solar Energy Solar NT Holdings Co.,Ltd. Super Energy-GA Super Wind Energy Congly
Hold shares 73 % (Hong Kong) 1 Co., Ltd. Hold shares90% Japen 1 Gk Co.,Ltd. Soc Trang Co., Ltd.
Hold shares 100 % Hold shares 75% Hold shares 90 %
Loc Ninh Energy JSC Sinenergy Ninh Thuau Power
Hold shares 81.10 % Nam Binh Energy Investment Limited Liability Company Super Energy-GA HBRE Gia Lai JSC
Joint Stock Co., Ltd. Japen 2 Gk Co.,Ltd. Hold shares 99%
SSE LN 2 Joint Stock Co., Ltd Hold shares 100 % Hold shares 90 % Hold shares 100 %
Hold shares 51 % HBRE Phu Yen JSC
Everich Binh Thuan Hold shares 100 %
Loc Ninh 2 Energy JSC Energy Co., Ltd.
Hold shares 51 % Hold shares 100 % Super Wind Energy
(HongKong) Co.,Ltd.
SSE BP 3 Joint Stock Co., Ltd Nam Thuan Energy Investment Hold shares 100 %
Hold shares 51 % Joint Stock Co., Ltd
Hold shares 100 % Vietnam Wind Holding Pte. Ltd.
Loc Ninh 3 Energy JSC Hold shares100 %
Hold shares 51% Nam Viet Phan Lam Co., Ltd
Hold shares 100 %
TL Energy JSC
Hold shares 100 % PTL Loc Ninh JSC
Hold shares 100 %
Super Solar Energy Holding Company
(Hong Kong) 2 Co., Ltd. Project Company
Hold shares 100 %
Van Giao Solar Energy Plant
Joint Stock Co., Ltd.
Hold shares 100 %
Van Giao Solar Power Plant
Joint Stock Co., Ltd.
Hold shares 100 %
Super Solar Energy
(Hong Kong) 3 Co., Ltd.
Hold shares 100 %
Thinh Long Phu Yen Solar
Power Joint Stock Co., Ltd.
Hold shares 100 %
Super Solar Energy
(Hong Kong) 4 Co., Ltd.
Hold shares 100 %
Part 2
Management and Corporate Governance
7. Information of Securities and Shareholders The list of the first 10 shareholders holding the
7.1 Number of registered capital and paid-up capital as at highest number of shares1 according to the above list of
February 28, 2021
The registered capital of the Company amounted to shareholders is as follows;
3,281,935,872.80 Baht, divided into 32,819,358,728 ordinary
shares. (Par value of 0.10 Baht per share) No. Name of Shareholders Number of Shareholding
Shares %
1 Group of Mr. Jormsup Lochaya
1.1 Mr. Jormsup Lochaya 5,713,428,623 20.89%
1.2 Advanced Asset Management 354,023,754 1.29%
Company Limited
The paid-up capital amounted to 2 ,7 3 4 ,9 4 7,310.7 0 Baht, Total Group of Mr.
divided into 27,349,465,607,473,107 shares.
(Par value of 0.10 Baht per share) JormsupLochaya 6,067,452,377 22.18%
Suwinthawong Gold Asset
2 Company Limited 5,082,994,736 18.59%
3 Thai NVDR Company Limited 1096475411 4.00%
7.2 Shareholders 4 Mr. Kuldip Phichitsingh 655,000,000 2.40%
7.2.1 Company’s Shareholders
The Company has the dispersed ownership structure 5 Mrs. Orapin Phiphatwilaikul 550,000,000 2.01%
6 Mr. Nutthachat Khamsiritrakul 519,333,333 1.9%
for high-net-worth investors and retail investors who are
institutional investors and individuals to strengthen the liquidity 7 SOUTH EAST ASIA UK (TYPE C) 378,007,300 1.38%
for trading stocks of the Company which will be beneficial to
shareholders. As at the book closing date on February 25, N.C.B. TRUST LIMITED-NORGES
2 021, the Company had the dispersed ownership proportion
classified by the type of investor as follows; 8 BANK 1 350,000,000 1.28%
9 Mr. Prasert Seweekul 241,205,900 0.88%
10 Mrs. Thitiporn Iamsittiphan 181,178,800 0.66%
11 Other shareholders 15,121,647,857 22.54%
27,349,473,107 100.00%
Remarks
1. The disclosure of the above information as shown
Type of Investor Number of Proportion % in this document is to reflect the family relationship of
Major shareholders (Holding shares Shares
more than 0.05% of the total number of the shareholders. It shall not be considered the
shares )
- Institutional investors and juristic disclosure of the information of related shareholders
persons under Section 258.
- Individual 7,261,501,201 26.55 2. Suwinthawong Gold Asset Company Limited holds
Total major shareholders 8,670,727,239 31.70 9 9 .9 9 % of shares by New Harbour Ville Company
15,932,228,440 58.25
Minor shareholders Limited, which M.R. Sasijuthapa Worrawan is a major
- Institutional investors and juristic
shareholder, holding 9 9 % of the total issued and
persons
paid-up shares of New Harbor Ville Company
- Individual
977,461,772 3.58 Limited. M.R. Sasijuthapa Worrawan is the mother of
Total minor shareholders
10,439,782,895 38.17 Mr. Jomsup Lochaya
Total number of shares 11,417,244,667 41.75
27,349,473,107 100.00 3 . Advance Asset Management Company Limited
holds shares by the company Meechai Thailand Law
Office Company Limited in the proportion of 99.99%
of the shares. Lochaya Law Office Company Limited
and Mr. Jomsup Lochaya hold shares of Meechai
Thailand Law Office Company Limited in proportion
of 9 9 .9 9 % of shares. Mr. Jomsup Lochaya holds
shares of Lochaya Law Office Company Limited in
the proportion of 99.99% of shares.
7.2.2 Shareholders of Significant Subsidiaries
Super Energy (Public) Company Limited holds shares in subsidiaries based on the type of business operation, including the
business of production and distribution of electricity from solar and wind energy operated through Super Energy Group Company
Limited, the business of production and distribution of waste to energy operated through Super Earth Energy Co., Ltd., the business of
distribution water for consumption operated through Super Water Co., Ltd. and the business of information and communications
technology operated through Open Technology (Public) Company Limited. The shareholding structure of the above subsidiaries is as
follows;
Super Energy Group Co., Ltd. (“SEG”) Super Earth Energy Co., Ltd. Super Water Co., Ltd. Open Technology PLC
(“SEE”) (“SW”) (“OPEN”)
No. Name of Shareholders Number of Shares Proportion Number of Proportion Number of Proportion Number of Shares Proportion
(Shares) (%) Shares (%) Shares (%) (Shares) (%)
1 SUPER ENERGY PLC (Shares) (Shares)
2 Mr. Jormsup Lochaya 99,999,997 100.00 100.00 49,999,998 100.00 30,499,994 76.25
1 Less than 0.01 19,999,998 Less than 1 Less than 0.01
1
0.01
3 Miss Warinthip Chaisungka 1 Less than 0.01 1 Less than 0.01
4 Mr. Tassanai Suthat Na Ayutthaya 1 Less than 0.01
5 Lochaya Law Office Company Limited 1 Less than 0.01
6 Miss Chutima Laochinda 9,500,000 23.75
7 IT E-Commerce Company Limited 1 Less than 0.01
8 Miss Kornkamol Luangwiran 1 Less than 0.01
9 Miss Aphisara Sa-at 1 Less than 0.01
10 Miss Khemjira Suthonphatikun 1 Less than 0.01
11 Mrs. Phisamai Bokkaew 1 Less than 0.01
12 Miss Wanida Matchimanon 1 Less than
0.01
Total 100,000,000 100.00 10,000,000 100.00 50,000,000 100.00 40,000,000 100.00
The business of production and distribution of electricity from renewable energy is operated under 2 main energy sources,
namely the business of investment and development of solar power plants consisting of 3 main business groups, including Super Solar
Energy Company Limited ("SSE"), the business of investment and development of waste power plants operated under Super Earth
Company Limited ("SEE"), and the business of investment and development of wind power plants operated under Super Wind Energy
Company Limited ("SWE"). The shareholding structure of the above subsidiaries is as follows;
Super Solar Energy Co., Ltd. (“SSE”) Super Wind Energy Co., Ltd. (“SWE”)
No. Name of Shareholders Number of Shares Shareholding Proportion Number of Shareholding
(Shares) (%) Shares (Shares) Proportion
1 Super Energy Group PLC
2 Mr. Jormsup Lochaya 99,999,998 100.00 499,999,998 (%)
3 Lochaya Law Office Company Limited 1 Less than 0.01 1 100.00
4 Miss Wanida Matchimanon 1 Less than 0.01 1
5 Miss Visana Asavasopon Less than 0.01
Total Less than 0.01
100,000,000 100.00 500,000,000 100.00
7.3 Issuance of Other Securities 7.4 Policy on Dividend Payout
The Company and its subsidiaries have the policy to
7.3.1 Issuance of Convertible Securities
pay dividends to shareholders at least 50% of the net profit of
- None_ the separate financial statements in each accounting period
after deducting all types of reserves as specified in the Articles
7.3.2 Issuance of Debt Securities in Type of of Association and laws and after setting aside 5% of the net
Debentures profit as a reserve until the reserve amount is equal to 10% of
the registered capital of the Company if there is no other
The Company had issued and offered debentures necessary reasons. The dividend payout must not cause a
continuously since 2020. Each issuance of debentures had an significant impact on the normal course of business of the
average offering limit of approximately 1,000 to 1,500 million Company and its subsidiaries as deemed appropriate or
Baht. It is used as working capital in the company for the reasonable by the Board of Directors and the subsidiaries.
benefits of the Company’s normal course of business. In Such implementation must cause the highest benefit to the
addition, it will increase opportunities for raising funds that are shareholders as well. The resolution of the Board of Directors
diverse and effective in the future. As at February 28, 2021, the and the subsidiaries considering such issue must be proposed
Company issued undue debentures, totaling 5 times, as for an approval from the Shareholders' Meeting of the
follows; Company and its subsidiaries, unless it is the interim dividend
payment which the Board of Directors has the authority to
Interest Amount approve it. This matter will be reported to the Shareholders'
Item No. Offering Date Maturity Date Rate / (Baht) Meeting in the next meeting.
Year However, the dividend payout will depend on the
1 1-2019 17 May 2019 17 May 2021 5.50% 456.80 investment plan, necessity and appropriateness in any aspects
2 2-2019 20 Nov 2019 20 Nov 2021 5.50% 600.00 in the future by considering the utmost benefits that
3 1-2020 21 Feb 2020 21 Feb 2022 5.20% 1,000.00 shareholders will receive and complying with the Company's
4 2-2020 30 Jun 2020 30 Jun 2022 5.50% 1,500.00 policy.
5 3-2020 18 Nov 2020 18 Nov 2023 5.50% 1,179.00
4,735.00
The debentures of the company is valid for
average 2-3 years of age. When it’s expired, the company
will use cash flow and/or issue and offer to sell new
debentures to reimburse due debentures accordingly.
8. Management Structure
8.1 Board of Directors
8.1.1 Board of Directors of Super Energy Corporation (Public) Company Limited
Positions of 7 directors on March 1, 2021 as follows:
List of Directors Type of Director Position in Board of Directors
Chairman of Audit Committee / Vice Chairman of the Board of
1. Mr. Kamthorn Udomritthiruj Independent Director
Directors
2. POL. LT.COL Piya Sorntrakul Independent Director Chairman of Risk Management Committee / Director
3. Mr. Jormsup Lochaya Executive Director Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors/ Member of Risk
Management Committee
4. Mrs.Trithip Sivakriskul Independent Director
5. Miss Sunsiri Chaijareonpat Independent Director Vice Chairman of Audit Committee / Director
6. Miss Vanida Majjimanonda Independent Director
7. Miss Warinthip Chaisungka Executive Director Vice Chairman of Risk Management Committee / Director
Member of Audit Committee / Director
Director
Remark: The board of Director’s Meeting No. 1/2564 on 25 February 2021 has resolution to appoint the chairman of the board, Vice Chairman of the
board and Chairman of the Board of Directors, effective from March 1, 2021 as follows:
1) appointed Mr. Kamthorn Udomritthiruj is a Chairman of the board instead of Mr. Jormsup Lochaya
2) appointed Mr. Jormsup Lochaya is a vice chairman of the board instead of Mr. Kamthorn Udomritthiruj
3) appointed Mr. Jormsup Lochaya is a Chief Executive Officer : CEO) (Formerly, Mr. Jormsup Lochaya positioned as an Acting for
Managing director
The management structure of the Company consists of Board of Directors’ Meeting The Company holds the
the Board of Directors, the Audit Committee, and the Risk
Management Committee. The Board of Directors consists of Board of Directors’ Meeting regularly and gives an advance notice
independent directors and executive directors. There must be at so that directors can easily allocate their time to attend the
least one third of independent directors out of the total number of meeting. In the previous year, the Company held 7 Board of
directors. As a result, it is assured that the Board of Directors will Directors’ Meetings, 4 Audit Committee’s Meetings, and 6 Risk
perform their duties independently and effectively without Management Committee’s Meetings.
Last year, the proportion of attendance at the Board of
influence.
Currently, there are 7 members of the Board of Directors, Directors’ Meetings, the Audit Committee’s Meetings, and the Risk
consisting of members of the Audit Committee and 5 independent Management Committee’s Meetings of each director was not less
than 80% of all meetings except some directors has urgent
directors, representing 70% of the members of the Board of
business caused not being able to attend in the meeting as
Directors as follows;
follows:
Executive Director 1 Person
Executive Director of Subsidiary 1 Person
Director who is a member of Audit Committee 3 Persons
Independent Director 2 Persons
Table of Director’s meeting in each group for year 2020
List Position in Board of Directors Meeting Attendance of Each Committee
Board of Directors Audit Committee Risk Management
1. Mr. Jormsup Lochaya Chairman of the Board of Directors
2. Mr. Kamthorn Udomritthiruj Member of Risk Management Committee Committee
3. Miss Vanida Majjimanonda Chairman of Audit Committee
4. Miss Trithip Sivakriskul Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors Number of attendance / Number of attendance Number of attendance /
5. POL. LT.COL. Piya Sorntrakul Member of Audit Committee and Director Number of meetings / Number of meetings Number of meetings
6. Miss Sunsiri Chaijareonpat Vice Chairman of Audit Committee Director
7. Miss Warinthip Chaisungka Chairman of Risk Management Committee 7/7 - 6/6
Director
Vice Chairman of Risk Management Committee 7/7 4/4 -
Director
Director 7/7 4/4 -
5/7 4/4 -
7/7 - 6/6
6/7 - 5/6
7/7 - -
Remarks
1. The authorized directors of each committee are as follows;
The Audit Committee is Mr. Kamthorn Udomritthiruj.
The Executive Committee is Mr. Jormsup Lochaya, with his signature and the Company's seal affixed.
The Risk Management Committee is POL. LT.COL. Piya Sorntrakul.
2. Miss Trithip Sivakriskul had an urgent errand so she was unable to attend the Board of Directors’ Meeting for 2 times and the Audit
Committee’s Meeting for 3 times.
3. Miss Sunsiri Chaijareonpat had an urgent errand so she was unable to attend the Board of Directors’ Meeting for 1 times and the Risk
Management Committee’s Meeting for 1 times.
8.1.2 Board of Directors of Significant Subsidiaries
Super Energy Corporation (Public) Company Limited has subsidiaries that are the core of various business operations. The
Board of Directors has assigned directors and executives of the Company to hold positions in the core subsidiaries in order to closely
control and monitor the operations.
As at December 31, 2020, the structure of the Board of Director of significant subsidiaries was as follows;
List of Directors Super Energy Super Solar Super Earth Super Wind Super Water Open
Group Co., Ltd. Energy Co., Energy Co., Energy Co., Co., Ltd. Technology PLC
Ltd. (“SSE”) Ltd. (“SEE”) Ltd. (“SWE”)
(“SEG”) (“SUPERW”) (“OPEN”)
⚫ ⚫ ⚫
1. Mr. Jormsup Lochaya ⚫ - - - -⚫
2. Miss Vanida Majjimanonda ⚫ - ⚫ - -⚫
3. Miss Warinthip Chaisungka ⚫ ⚫ - ⚫ -⚫
4. Mr. Arkom Manakaew - ⚫ - ⚫ --
5. Mr. Chaphamon Chantarapongphan - - - - --
6. Mr. Pitipong Cheeranont - - - - ⚫-
7. Mrs. Theerawadee Seniseth - - - - -⚫
8. Miss Somsook Tangsatittham - -⚫
9. Mr.Tachabhull Rojnatham ⚫
Remark Mr. Mr.Tachabhull Rojnatham took a position as a director on 29 January 2021.
Directors authorized to sign on behalf of the Company are as follows;
Super Energy Group Co., Ltd. ("SEG") is Mr. Jormsup Lochaya, with his signature and the Company's seal affixed.
Super Solar Energy Co., Ltd. (“SSE”) is Mr. Jormsup Lochaya, with his signature and the Company's seal affixed, or Mr.
Arkom Manakaew, signing together with Mr. Chaphamon Chantarapongphan, with the Company's seal affixed.
Super Earth Energy Co., Ltd. (“SEE”) is Mr. Jormsup Lochaya, with his signature and the Company's seal affixed.
Super Wind Energy Co., Ltd. (“SWE”) is Mr. Jormsup Lochaya, with his signature and the Company's seal affixed, or Mr.
Arkom Manakaew, signing together with Mr. Chaphamon Chantarapongphan, with the Company's seal affixed.
Super Water Co., Ltd. (“SW”) is Mr.Tachabhull Rojnatham and Mr.Pitipong Cheeranont, one director with his signature and the
Company's seal affixed.
Open Technology PLC (“OPEN”) is Miss Warinthip Chaisungka and Miss Warinthip Chaisungka, any of these directors signing
together with Mr. Jormsup Lochaya, with the Company's seal affixed.
8.2 Executives
8.2.1 Executives Structure of the Company
SUPER's management structure, as at March 1, 2021, consisted of 11 executives as follows;
List of Executives Position
1. Mr. Jormsup Lochaya President (Acting)
2. Miss Rungnapa Chandenduang Executive Vice President -Accounting & Finance
3. Mr. Kowit Akkharaatimart Executive Vice President -Overseas Accounting & Finance
4. Mr. Pongsakorn Saenghongsa (Acting) Vice President - Operation & Maintenance
5. Miss Viriya Sasakul Legal Director
6. Mr. Wanlop Charoensub (Acting) Compliance Manager
7. Mr. Apicha Sripinit Human Resources Manager
8. Mr. Chanan Thiranan Operation Manager
9. Miss Supinthara Kamsuvan Technical Asset Management Manager
10. Miss Warangkana Kaewsawang Overseas Accounting Manager
11. Mr. Arkom Manakaew (Acting) Procurement Manager
Authority and Duties of President
1. Responsible for the entire management of the Company in accordance with the policy of the Board of Directors
2. Creating vision and determining missions in order to define the operational guidelines and develop the organization
in the long run
3. Responsible for business performances and integrated business development in order to obtain economic returns at
a reasonable rate comparable to businesses in the same industry in the long run
4. Developing the Company to conduct business with ethics, comply with laws, morals and good culture
5. Developing the organization and its personnel to have knowledge and ability at full competency, creating the
organizational culture and professional ethics
The management structure of SSE as at March 1, 2021 consisted of 11 executives in accordance with the command structure
as follows:
Audit Committee Board of Directors Risk Management Committee
Internal Audit
Chairman of the Board
Mr.Jomsup Lochaya
Compliance Manager
Mr. Wanlop Charoensub
(Acting)
Executive Vice President Vice President – Operation & Executive Vice President Vice President –
Ms.Rungnapa Maintenance Mr.Kowit Akkharaatimart Legal
Chandenduang
(Acting) Mr.Pongsakorn Saenghongsa (Acting) Miss Viriya Sasakul
Human Resources Manager Accounting Manager Operation Manager Technical Asset Oversea Accounting Procurement Manager
Mr. Apicha Sripinit Management Manager Manager Mr.Arkom Manakaew
Ms.Rungnapa Mr.Chanan Thiranan (Acting)
Chandenduang Miss Suphintra Miss Warangkana
Khamsuwan Kaewsawang
(Acting)
The above duties and responsibilities of the President, excluding the approval of transactions between the Company and himself or
persons that may have conflicts of interest or persons with interests, the President has the authority to carry out transactions that have
expenses or cause obligations to the Company as follows;
Limit (Million Baht) Authorized Person
1 - 20 President
11 - 50 President and 1 independent director
Over 50 Proposal to the Board of Directors
8.2.2 Executives Structure of Significant Subsidiaries
The management structure of SSE as at December 31, 2020 consisted of 14 executives in accordance with the command
structure as follows;
คณะกรรมการบรษิ ัท
Board of Directors
ประธานคณะกรรมการ
Chairman of the Board
Mr.Jomsup Lochaya
กรรมการผจู้ ดั การ
President
Mr.Arkom Manakaew
ผู้จดั การฝ่ ายระบบบริหารงานคณุ ภาพ
Compliance Manager
Mr. Wanlop Charoensub (Acting)
ผชู้ ่วยกรรมการผจู้ ดั การ ผู้ช่วยกรรมการผจู้ ดั การ ผู้ชว่ ยกรรมการผู้จัดการ
Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President
Mr.Kowit Akkharaatimart (Acting)
นายชพั มนต์ จนั ทรพงศ์ Ms.Rungnapa Chandenduang (Acting)
พนั ธุ์
ผอู้ านวยการฝ่ ายปฎบิ ัตกิ าร ผู้อานวยการฝ่ ายพฒั นาธุรกิจ ผอู้ านวยการฝ่ ายเอกสารสัญญา ผู้อานวยการฝ่ ายจดั ซอื้ ผู้อานวยการฝ่ ายบัญชี
และซอ่ มบารุง Vice President – Business Vice President – Contract Vice President – Vice President -
Management Accounting
Vice President – Operation Development นางสาวณฐั ฐา ปัจวรณ์ Procurement
& Maintenance นายชพั มนต์ จนั ทรพงศพ์ นั ธุ์ นายวิสฐิ ศกั ดิ์ เจรญิ สขุ นางสาวณชั ชา อาชานกุ ลู
รตั น์
นายพงศกร แสงหงษา (รกั ษาการ)
ผู้จัดการโครงการ ผูจ้ ัดการการฝ่ ายพฒั นาธุรกจิ อาวุโส ผจู้ ดั การฝ่ ายบัญชี ผจู้ ัดการฝ่ ายทรัพยากรบุคคล
Project Manager Senior Business Development Manager Accounting Manager Human Resources Manager
นายการุณ ประสพโชค นางสาวอญั รนิ ทร์ เอกศิรวิ ิรตั น์ นายอภิชา ศรีพินิจ (รกั ษาการ)
นายธรรมรตั น์ ศรคี ณา
The management structure of SEE as at December 31, 2020 consisted of 17 executives as follows;
คณะกรรมการบริษัท
Board of Directors
ประธานคณะกรรมการ
Chairman of the Board
Mr.Jomsup Lochaya
กรรมการผจู้ ดั การ
President
Mr.Arkom Manakaew (Acting)
ผ้จู ดั การฝ่ ายระบบบริหารงานคณุ ภาพ
Compliance Manager
Mr. Wanlop Charoensub
รองกรรมการผู้จัดการ ผูช้ ว่ ยกรรมการผูจ้ ดั การ
Senior Executive Vice President Executive Vice President
นายชพั มนต์ จนั ทรพงศพ์ นั ธุ์ (รกั ษาการ)
Ms.Rungnapa Chandenduang (Acting)
ผชู้ ่วยกรรมการผ้จู ัดการ
Executive Vice President
นายธีรสตุ ศภุ ธรรมกิจ
Vice President – Vice President – Fuel Vice President – Quality & Performance
Procurement Sourcing นายธีรสตุ ศภุ ธรรมกิจ (รกั ษาการ)
นายวิสฐิ ศกั ดิ์ เจริญสขุ
(รกั ษาการ) นายวนั ชยั สรุ ชาตเิ มธินทร์
Vice President – Business Vice President – Project Vice President – Contract Senior Project Manager
Development Management Management
นายมนตรี หาญพิรยิ ะสกลุ ชยั
นายธีรสตุ ศภุ ธรรมกิจ นายอนวุ ตั คงประสม นางสาวณฐั ฐา ปัญจวรณ์ นายชชู าติ อรรถกานตร์ ตั น์
(รกั ษาการ) (รกั ษาการ)
Community Relation Manager Project Manager Project Manager Accounting Manager Human Resources
นายประเสรฐิ นาคนิคาม นายศภุ วฒั น์ จิตตก์ ารุณย์ นายชวลั วิทย์ ปรางทอง นางสาววรรณภา เคหะรมย์ Manager
(รกั ษาการ) นายอภชิ า ศรีพินิจ
(รกั ษาการ)
The management structure of SWE as at December 31, 2020 consisted of 12 executives as follows;
Board of Directors Compliance Manager
Mr. Wanlop Suwanwej (Acting)
Chairman of the Board
Mr.Jomsup Lochaya
President
Mr.Arkom Manakaew
(Acting)
Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President
นายชพั มนต์ จนั ทรพงศพ์ นั ธุ์ Mr.Kowit Akkharaatimart
Ms.Rungnapa Chandenduang
(Acting
Vice President – Business Vice President – Oversea Accounting Human Resources
Development Procurement Manager Manager
นายวิสฐิ ศกั ดิ์ เจรญิ สขุ
นายวรศกั ดิ์ วงศป์ ระกรณก์ ลุ (รกั ษาการ) น.ส.วรางคณา แกว้ สวา่ ง นายอภิชา ศรีพินิจ
(รกั ษาการ) (รกั ษาการ)
Project Manager Accounting Manager (Acting)
นายรฎั ฐกรณ์ โพธิท์ อง
Ms.Rungnapa Chandenduang
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