GrammarM10

Mr. Pattana chotikanta

This book is made to summarize all 5 topics for study or
Read and understand the content that has been prepared in a
Short amount of time.

List of contents
1.Present simple tense
2.Present continuous tense
3.Past simple tense
4.Past continuous tense
5.Present perfect tense
6.Comparision
7.Be going to; Should/Shouldn’tv ; Must/Mustn’t
8.Will
9.Verb to be; Verb to have; There is / There are
10.A/An ; some / any
11.Personal and object pronouns; Possessive’s
; Possessive adjective pronouns

Studying the sentence structures of various tenses makes it possible to
Understand exactly at what time the events being discussed took place
This helps prevent miscommunication. Today we will start learning the
basic tense like Present Simple Tense

Characteristics of using the Present Simple Tense

Present means present, so Present Simple Tense is a sentence with a
Simple structure to talk about the present event . with different
Characteristics

1.Used to talk about the reality of everyday life or natural reality Even
If the event is in the past in the future, for example

1.1 When the earth moves around itself, it makes Day and Night.
1.2 Durian is the king of fruit.

2 Used to talk about an event, habit, or action that recurs daily, for
example:

2.2 Nuda always help other people so everyone loves her.

3 Used to give advice or give directions, for example:
3.3 You go straight for 300 meters, then the destination is on your left.

1.The Structure of descriptive sentences:
Subject + Verb.1 + Object + (tell time)
The first verb is added s or es if the subject is singular (He, She, It), but
if the subject is
I, You or plural (You (many), We, They). Keep the verb form as
before, for example

He plays guitar very well.

**In this sentence, the subject is He is singular, the verb is play, so we
need to add s.

They enjoy playing the football.
**This sentence is the subject of They is plural, the verb is enjoy, so you
don't need to add s or es.

2. interrogative sentence

There are two types of question sentences in the Present Simple Tense:

Type 1: Verb to be + Subject + Object/Extension + (Time statement) ?
Used when in a sentence that V. to be (Is, Am, Are) appears

Type 2: Verb to do + Subject + Verb.1 + Object + (time statement)?
Used when the sentence doesn't have V. to be, so we have to bring V. to
do, i.e. do and does

Let’s help by starting the sentence in front of the subject. There are
different ways to use: Do is used before I, You and plural subjects (You,
We, They), and Does is used before singular subjects (He, She, It) and
constant verbs. The first box is the same without adding s,es.

3. Negative Sentences

There are two negative sentences in the Present Simple Tense that are
similar to the interrogative sentence.

Type 1: Subject + Verb to be + not + Object/Extension +
(Time statement)
Used when V. to be (Is, Am, Are) appears in the sentence

Type 2: Subject + Verb to do + not + Verb.1 + Object + (tell time)

The second type is used when the sentence doesn't have V. to be, so V. to
do, i.e. do and does, is added to help, followed by not to indicate
negation. As for verbs, keep the 1st form the same without adding s, es.

1. Manee…………up at six o’clock every day.

a. get
b. gets
c. got
d. has gotten

2. She…………to school every day.

a. go
b. went
c. goes
d. has gone

3. I always…………up early.
a. wake
b. wakes
c. woke
d. is waking

4.The students…………very noisy. The teacher says “Keep quiet”.

a. is
b. am
c. are
d. be

5. My favorite fruit………..mango.
a.is
b.am
c.are
d.be

1. A
2. C
3. C
4. B
5. C

Characteristics of using the Present Continuous Tense

Present Continuous Tense or many people may know as Present
Progressive Tense. As we know, present means present
continuous progressive means to continue, so this tense tells store
what is happening in the present. with the following usage
characteristics:

Used to tell a story or action in the present that is ongoing and has not
yet ended. (will end in the future)may find the word of time

(Adverbs of time)appears in the sentence as well. Now, at the
moment , right now

2. Used for an event or action that is currently trending or popular.

3.Used for an upcoming event or action in the future. It is definitely
prepared and planned in advance. and often found adverbs of time, such
as tonight, this evening, tomorrow, next week, etc.

4. Used for events or actions that happen too often repetitive and boring

1. A telling sentence

Declarative sentence structure: Subject + V. to be + Verb. Add ing +
Object + (tell time)What we need to consider in the sentence form of the
Present Continuous Tense is the use of V. to be, which consists of is, am,
are, whichever V. to be is chosen to observe the subject of the sentence.
If the subject is He, She, It, use is, if the subject is I, use am, and if the
subject is You, We, They, use are and change the verb by adding ing.
For example: My sister is playing violin

** The subject of this sentence is My sister or can use She instead, so it
must be followed by V. to be is is and add ing after the word play.

1 We are reading newspaper now.

** In this sentence, the subject is We, which is plural, must be followed
by V. to be is are and add ing after read.

1 I am sleeping under the tree.

** The subject of this sentence is I, although it is singular. but must be
followed by V. to be, which is am only, and add ing after sleep.
Additional knowledge : The principle of adding ing at the end of verbs
generally can add ing at all, but there are some exceptions in the
following cases:

1.Verbs have short vowels (a, i, u, e, o, etc.) and are usually a, e, i, o, u
before the consonants. Or that verb has only one spelling, before adding
ing, repeat the spelling of that word again and then add ing e.g.

cut ---> cutting
get ---> getting

2.Verbs that end in e, cut off the e and add ing.

smoke ---> smoking
3.Verbs that have 2 vowels (A, E, I, O, U) can simply add ing, for
example:
cook ---> cooking

4.Verbs that end in ie, change ie to y and add ing, for example:

lie ---> lying

2. Interrogative sentence

5.Verbs with two syllables and pronounced stress on the latter syllable
where syllables have only one vowel and spelling Repeat the spelling of
the word and then add ing, for example:

Question sentence structure: V. to be + Subject + Verb. Add ing + object
+ (telling time)?

There are no rules for question sentences in the Present Continuous
Tense. Just switch V. to be at the beginning of the sentence. by having to
consider the choice of V. to be according to the subject of the sentence
Just like this, you will get a question sentence. For example:

Is it raining at the moment ?
Are you lying to me ?

3. Negative Sentences
Negative sentence structure: Subject + V. to be + not + Verb. Add ing +
object + (tell time)

For a negative sentence, it retains the same form as the affirmative
sentence, but adds not after V. to be. This will be the negative sentence
in the Present Continuous Tense. For example:

The students are not studying Science.

Sunisa is not doing homework.

I am not swimming in the canal.
1. Some men _____ on the road.
A.am walking
B.is walking
C.are walking

2. A bird _____ in the tree.
A.am singing
B.are singing
C.is singing

3. Jo and John _____ to the radio.
A.is listening
B.am listening
C.are listening

4. She _____ the room.
A.am cleaning
B.are cleaning
C.is cleaning

5. They _____ books.
A.are reading
B.is reading
C.am reading

1.C
2.C
3.C
4.C
5.A

used for things that happened the past and have already ended and
using the verb channel 2,let’s look at the structure and example
sentences first.

Telling sentences S.+V.2 I went to the theme park yesterday

Negative sentence S.+ did not +V.1

She didn’t come to Thailand last year

Interrogative sentence Did+ S+V.1

Did you see jane at the bank last hour?

Ex. They came here yesterday
Ex. He left home ten minutes sg
Ex. I bought a new phone two days ago
2.Used to talk about habits or routines that have been done in the past.
or telling someone who has done something where have you been in the
past? And

Ex. We cooked every day last year

Ex. He always went to office late last month.

1. I _____ in Thailand until last year.
A) live
B) is living
C) lived
D) am

2. It was warm, so I _____ off my coat.
A) will take
B) took
C) taking
D) takes

3. Last night Pranee _____ TV until she got sleepy.
A) watched … got
B) watches … gets
C) is watching … is getting
D) watched … is getting

4. Einstein _____ the theory of relatively.

A) proposes
B) proposed
C) will propose
D) is proposing

5. _____ you _____ a nice weekend in Paris?

A) Do … having
B) Are … have
C) Did … having
D) Did … have

1.C

2.B

3.A

4.A 5.D

Past continuous tense is a sentence that talks about ongoing events in the
past as if we were sitting in the time machine and staring at events that
were taking place in the past. to understand

Sentence structure Past continuous tense
telling sentences
S + was/were + V. ing
He was playing football yesterday at 10 am.

negative sentence
S + was/were + not + V. ing
He was not playing football yesterday at 10 am.

interrogative sentence
Was/Were+ S + V. ing
Was he playing football yesterday at 10 am?

before we go on Let's stop and review more. The principle of using
Was / Were

Subject Verb to be used (second verb of is and are)
I, He, She, It, A cat (singular subject) was
You, We, They, Cats (plural subject) were

1. an event that happened in the past, such as
It was raining yesterday at noon.
2. Events that are continuing in the past which happened before Then
another incident intervened, for example
I was having a beautiful dream when the alarm clock rang

3. Events are happening simultaneously in the past, nothing happened
before and after, for example
While my mom was cooking, my dad was washing his car.

1. While the dog ______, a car ran over it .
a. was walking
b. walked
c. walk
d.walks

2. Jo and John were singing, but we _____ .
a. danced
b. were dancing
c. dance
d. was dancing

3. Mom was cooking while dad _______ in the garden.
a. works
b. worked
c. work
d. was working

4.When you called me, I _____ a bath.
a. was taking
b. took
c. take
d.takes

5. She _____ an elephant while she was walking to the bank.
a. is seeing
b. see
c. saw
d. seen

1.A
2.B
3.D
4.A 5.C

Present perfect tense

used for an event that happened in the past continued until now and
will continue in the future

If used to describe events like this It will consist of these two words:

⇒ for for a time (how many minutes, how many hours, how many days,
how many weeks, how many years)

⇒ since since (from what hour, what day, which week, which month,
what year)

Example sentences

She has studied English since July.

He’s worked in the garden since 8 o’clock.

used for events that have already ended

used for an event that happened recently And that event was over.

If used for such an event Often these words are included.
already All-Reddit
just
yet

Example sentences
He’s already finished his homework.
It’s just rained.

with unspecified past events
If used in this case It will not specify when it happened. Just tell me if
you've done it or haven't done it, that's all.

Example sentences
I’ve read that book.
He’s gone to England.

negative sentence
Negative sentences are not difficult. You can add not at the end of have /
has.
have not abbreviated as haven't

has not abbreviated as hasn't

Example sentences
She has not studied English since July.

I have not lived here for ten years.

interrogative sentence
Put have, has in front of the subject of the sentence.

Example sentences
Has she studied English since July?

Have you lived here for ten years?

Structure

S + have, has + V3

Subject + have, has + 3rd verb

1) Where is Sam? Have you _____ (see) him?
A seen
B sew
C seed

2) I've just ____ (meet) John. He's nice.
A met
B meeted
C meted

3) She hasn't _____ (clean) my room.
A cleant
B clone
C cleaned

4) We haven't _____ (buy) a car.
A bought
B buyed
C baught

5) My dog has _____ (eat) my hot dog.
A aten
B eaten
C ate

1. A
2. A
3. C
4. A
5. B

Comparison

1. Normal Comparison (Positive Degree) There are several types of
connectors as follows.
- The form as+ normal (positive degree) + as expresses equality.
This pencil is as long as that one

- The form as + much or many + noun + as
I have as much money as you
I have as many books as you

- the same + noun + as
Malee is the same age as Malee is the same age as Ladda. But if the
subject is plural, the as can be removed. For example, Malee and Ladda
are the same age. Malee and Ladda are the same age.

-Verb to be + like form means the same. It's a link to show equality. If
the subject is plural, use verb to be + alike.
She is like her father.
Your car and mine are alike

-The verb to be + similar to + noun form means the same. Similar is a
conjunction showing equality.
Your bag is similar to mine

In case of wanting to compare inequality
-not so + normal adjective + as or not as + normal adjective + as eg.
This road is not so long as that one.
This road is not as long as that one

2. superior comparison
-The higher comparison is expressed in the form of the comparative
adjective + than.
This road is longer than that one.

-The lower comparison is expressed as less + positive degree + than.
Malee is less careful than Somchai.
It is less hot today than it was yesterday

-When comparing a comparative adjective with a noun ( noun ), use the
following form
fewer + countable plural noun + than = less
less + uncountable noun + than = less
more + countable plural noun, uncountable noun + than = more

There are fewer students in this room than in that room
My mother have more money than my father

3. Superlative Degree Comparison The form is as follows:
- the + superlative adjective + noun.
What is the longest river in the world?
My eldest son is 16 years old

1) Diamond is _____than gold.
more expensive
expensiver

2) Tim is _____ boy in class.
taller
the tallest

3) The dog is _____ than the cat.
biger
bigger

4) Your room is _____ than my room.
dirtyer
dirtier

5) He is _____ than Sam.
strongest
stronger

1. more expensive
2. the tallest
3. bigger
4. dirtier
5. stronger

Be going to: should/shouldn’t:
Must/Mustn’t

Using should and shouldn’t

The principle of using should, we will know each other well for advice,
right? But really, there are still issues to study further. Let’s go to study

should

shouldn’t

used to suggest that should, should not
It’s dark now, We should stay here toning.
You look pale. You should see a doctor.
We’re leaving early tomorrow. We shouldn’t go to bed late.
It’s going to rain. We should go home now.
You should eat more vegetables and do some exercises.

Used to make predictions
Used to speculate that probably, probably not.
The traffic is jammed. Sam shouldn’t arrive home soon.
She should finish her homework in ten minutes.
Sam is smaller than anyone. He should win this game.
Jane works as a manager. She should earn lots of money.

1) We ____________ the traffic police.
2) You ____________ your car in a “No Parking” area.
3) You ________ disturb other players, but you ________ be silent.
2) You ________ have a shower, and you ________ wear clean clothes.
5) Does Tanggwa ________ get up early tomorrow?

1) Tanggwa doesn’t have to stay at home.
2) They don’t have to go now.
3) must obey
4) mustn’t park
5) must be

Will
Will and Going to mean the same thing, meaning “will” is used to refer
to an event that will happen in the future, but they have different points.

sentence structure
Will
Subject + will + v.1

Going to
Subject + be going to + v.1

***be = verb to be (is/am/are)
**v.1 = verb 1

The sentence structure of Will and Going to is similar.
Subject is followed by will or be going to and is followed by the first
verb.

Using Will and Going to

Will is used to say what to do. It was decided immediately. without
thinking or planning in advance

Will is used to predict or express an idea about a future event.

Going to is used to talk about an event that will happen in the future.
having thought or planned beforehand and then what to do

Going to is used to talk about certain things that will happen in the
future. (with evidence or reasons)

Example
A: Eric is in hospital.
B: Yes, I know. I am going to visit him tomorrow.

1] A: Are you going to have a holiday in the summer?
B: Yes, _____________ (I/travel) around Northern with my parents.

2] A: ____________ (I/leave) work late tomorrow. There is a meeting at 6
p.m.
B: Oh, I didn’t know that. Well, ____________ (I/see) you after meeting.

3] 6 ____________ (I/phone) Tanggwa at 7 o’clock. I promised to phone
her this even

4] A: I don’t know how to use this smart phone.
B: lt’s easy. ____________ (I/show) you.ing.

5] A: What would you like to eat?
B: ____________ (I/have)a pizza, please.

1. I’m/I am going to travel
2 .I’m/I am going to leave
I’ll see.
3. I’m/I am going to phone
4. I’ll show
5. I’ll have

Verb to be

Verb to be can be both auxiliary and real verbs. In summary, the main
forms of Verb to be are as follows:

The present form of V. to be is be is am are.

be is usually used with auxiliary verbs (can, will, may,…..) or can be
used with to, which can be used in all subjects.

is used with a singular subject. (uniform subject) such as the person
pronoun he, she and it and singular nouns such as
a dog, a cat, an orange etc.

am is used only with subject I.

are is used with the plural subject. (subjects with two or more people),
such as the masculine pronouns you, we, and they, as well as plural
nouns such as

cars, dogs, cats etc.

The past form of V. to be is, was, were, been.

was is used with the subject I and the singular subject. It is the second
verb (past tense) of V. to be.

were is used with the plural subject.

Been is often used in the perfect tense, which applies to all subjects. It is
the third verb (past participle) of V. to be.

Verb to have / has

Verb to have is one of the basic verbs in English. which we will come
across often, but still confused and misused. because there are many
meanings, can do many functions So let's hit up with Verb to have.

Verb to have, in addition to the meaning "to have," can also be used in
other meanings such as "to eat." It is also classified as a primary
auxiliary verb, meaning it can function as both a main verb and an
auxiliary verb. (Same as Verb to be and Verb to

Has is used with He/She/it and other singular subjects.
Have is used with I/You/We/They. and other plural subjects
Had is the past form of Have/Has, applicable to all subjects.

Ex.1 : I have a new job.
Ex. 2 : The dog has a black tail.

negative sentence
I/You/We/They and other plural subjects + don't have…
He/She/it and other singular subjects + doesn't have…
Ex. 1 : I don't have any time. (I don't have time)
Ex. 2 : My boyfriend doesn't have a car.
(My boyfriend doesn't have a car)

interrogative sentence
Yes/No Questions : Do + I/You/We/They and other plural subjects +
have….?

Does + He/She/it and other singular subjects + have…?
Wh-Questions : What/When/Where/Who/How + do + I/you/we/they+
have…?

What/When/Where/Who/How + does + he/she/it + have…?

Ex. 1 : Do you have any good books for studying English?
Ex. 2 : Does Nid have any brothers or sisters?

There is, There are

There is and there are mean "there are" but in the way of saying that
“Something exists” or “something happens” is not “having” as
possessing or possessing as have and has.

There is a book on the table.
I have a book.

To choose whether to use there is or there are we need to look at the
noun that follows it. if the noun is singular If the noun is plural, there is.
If there are two or more quantities, we must use there are.

There is countable noun singular
There are countable nouns, plural

interrogative sentence
Is there a pen on the table?
Are there any pens on the table?

negative sentence
There isn’t a cat in my house.
There aren’t three cats in my house.

1] _____ deer are eating grass.
a little
a few
2] There are _____ men in this office.
a little
a few
3] _____ lots of children playing football.
There is
There are
4] _____ a lot of water in the pool.
There is
There are
5] ______ some coffee in my cup.
There is
There are