Corynebacterium

GROUP
10

CORYNEBACTERIUM

Prepared by:

MUHAMMAD SYAZANI LEE
BIN SYAZMIQ LEE (213055)
NANCY NOVMIA A/P
MARIANYAGAM (210358)
NOR IRWANIS BINTI MOHD
ZULKIFLY (210402)
NUR AMIRAH WAJIHAH BINTI
KAMARUDDIN (210443)
NURUL AIMAN AFIQAH BINTI
NORAZIRUDDIN (210213)

LECTURER: DR NORMI BINTI MOHD YAHYA

TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
CHARACTERISTICS i
1
TOXIN PRODUCTION 2
ROLE IN DISEASE 2
3
DIAGNOSIS 3
SYMPTOMS 3
TREATMENT 3
PREVENTION 3
TOXIN MECHANISM 4
INDUSTRIAL USES 5
REFERENCES ii

i

Corynebacterium
INTRODUCTION

Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: "Actinobacteria"
Class: Actinobacteria
Order: Mycobacteriales
Family: Corynebacteriaceae
Lehmann and Neumann 1907
(Approved Lists 1980)
Genus: Corynebacterium
Lehmann and Neumann 1896
(Approved Lists 1980)

Is a genus of bacteria that are Karl Rudolf Otto
Gram-positive bacilli Bernhard Neumann
Non-spore forming club- Lehmann
shaped rods
Most are aerobic.
Many corynebacteria are
common in the environment
and as residents of the skin of
humans and other mammals
The famous species is
Corynebacterium diphtheriae

INFECTION

Infections caused by the opportunistic species of the genus
Corynebacterium include bacteremia, sepsis, endocarditis,
valvular damage, meningitis and infections of the urinary

tract, the respiratory tract, wounds, skin and eye

*Different types of Corynebacterium cause different diseases

The number of opportunistic infections caused by Corynebacteria is
increasing due to increase in number of immunocompromised

patients. New Corynebacterium species and new human infections,
caused by this group of bacteria, has been described recently

1

Corynebacterium

CELL MORPHOLOGY
AND METABOLISM

CHARACTERISTICS CULTURE
-Thin, slender rod-shaped (bacillus) bacterium with the presence REQUIREMENTS
of metachromatic granules
-Gram positive bacterium Special requirements –
-Non-capsulated bacterium readily grows in a
-Non-motile bacterium media containing
-Catalase-positive Blood, Serum or Egg

In laboratories -
commonly Loeffler’s
serum slope &
Tellurite Blood Agar
medium

Optimum
temperature - 37°C

HABITAT METABOLISM Optimum pH – 7.4 to
Water Corynebacteria are 7.6
Soil chemoorganotrophic, aerobic, or
Food products facultatively anaerobic, and they Oxygen requirements
Plants. exhibit a fermentative metabolism – It can tolerate high
Skin flora under certain conditions. levels of oxygen as
Mucosa They are fastidious organisms well as readily grows
in an environment with
the low level of oxygen
too.

TOXIN PRODUCTION

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a lysogenic bacteriophage that
carries toxin gene

The diphtheria toxin gene (tox+) is located on the genome of
the bacteriophage

Diphtheria toxin is a 58 kDa protein consisting of two

fragments: fragment A- the active unit and fragment B- the

binding unit. A and B fragments separates after receptor-
2
mediated endocytosis

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

ROLE IN DISEASES
Name of disease: Diphtheria
Bacteria causes disease by secreting toxin (poison)
Originated in United States from 1920-1925

DIAGNOSIS

Can swab the back of the throat or nose
and test it for the bacteria.
Can take a sample from an open sore or
ulcer and try and grow the bacteria. If the
bacteria grows and make toxin, the patient
surely has diphtheria

SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS
open sores
weakness ulcers
sore throat
mild fever RESPIRATORY DIPHTHERIA
swollen glands in the
neck The bacteria infects the skin but rarely
causes any severe disease.
RESPIRATORY DIPHTHERIA

The toxin secreted by the bacteria kill the
healthy cells in the body. Within 2 or 3 days,
dead tissues will form a thick, gray coating

called pseudomembrane which will cover
the tissues in tonsils, throat or nose making
it very hard to breather or swallow-lead to

heart, nerve and kidney damage

TREATMENT

Using diphtheria antitoxin to neutralize the toxin made by
the bacteria.
Using antibiotics such as penicillin or erythromyosin

PREVENTION 1940

1907 3

TOWARD
IMMUNIZATION
Emil Von Behring discovered that a
mixture of diphtheria toxin and
antitoxin produced safe and lasting
immunity to diphtheria to humans.

Toxin Mechanism

1.Attachment 2.Entry

The toxin secreted by the The toxin gains entry into the
bacteria is released to the cell through endocytosis
bloodstream. The binding unit
pathway. The toxin is stored
of the toxin binds to the inside the vesicle of the host
specific receptors on cell
cell.
surface.
4.Gain access
3.Diffusion of into EF2
subunit A
With help of NAD, subunit A
The subunits seperate inside the can now gain access into EF2
vesicle. Subunit A diffuses out
and irreversibly inhibit the
into the cytoplasm and takes up functions of EF2 to the cell.
NAD through ADP ribosylation.
4
5.Inhibsiytniotnheosfipsrotein

The cell is unable to perform
translation and

transamination. Inhibition of
protein synthesis will

eventually lead to the death
of the host cell.

Cheese INGDEUUNSSETERSRAIAL L Production of
aging Amino Acids
Production Production of
of enzyme Glutamic Acids

OF PGRLOUDTUACMTICIOANCID

One of example in daily life.

C. Glutamicum

AEROBICUNCDOENRDITIONS PROD
UCE

Glutamic acid

FERMEN
TATION

Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)

Yogurt Soy sauce

5

REFERENCES

https://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/about/index.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RgEQiTpfq4g
https://microbiologyinfo.com/biotypes-of-corynebacterium-diphtheriae/
https://paramedicsworld.com/corynebacterium-diphtheriae/morphology-
culture-characteristics-of-corynebacterium-diphtheriae-diphtheria-
bacillus/medical-paramedical-studynotes
https://www.liquisearch.com/corynebacterium/habitat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corynebacterium#:~:text=Species%20of%20Coryne
bacterium%20have%20been,to%20produce%20lysine%20and%20threonine.
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Corynebacterium

RHEAADPIPNYG

ii

CORYNEBACTERIUM

GROUP
10

Thank you