Modul 7 Matematika Paket B

MODUL 7

i Hidup Hemat MODUL 7

Modul Dinamis: Modul ini merupakan salah satu contoh bahan ajar pendidikan kesetaraan yang berbasis pada kompetensi inti dan kompetensi dasar dan didesain sesuai kurikulum 2013. Sehingga modul ini merupakan dokumen yang bersifat dinamis dan terbuka lebar sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan kondisi daerah masing-masing, namun merujuk pada tercapainya standar kompetensi dasar. Matematika Paket B Setara SMP/MTs Kelas VIII Modul Tema 7 : Hidup Hemat Penulis: Budiharjo Diterbitkan oleh: Direktorat Pembinaan Pendidikan Keaksaraan dan Kesetaraan- Ditjen Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini dan Pendidikan Masyarakat-Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 2018 iv+ 56 hlm + illustrasi + foto; 21 x 28,5 cm Hak Cipta © 2018 pada Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Dilindungi Undang-Undang ii MatemaƟ ka Paket B Setara SMP/MTs Kelas VIII Modul Tema 7

Kata Pengantar P endidikan kesetaraan sebagai pendidikan alternatif memberikan layanan kepada mayarakat yang karena kondisi geografi s, sosial budaya, ekonomi dan psikologis tidak berkesempatan mengikuti pendidikan dasar dan menengah di jalur pendidikan formal. Kurikulum pendidikan kesetaraan dikembangkan mengacu pada kurikulum 2013 pendidikan dasar dan menengah hasil revisi berdasarkan peraturan Mendikbud No.24 tahun 2016. Proses adaptasi kurikulum 2013 ke dalam kurikulum pendidikan kesetaraan adalah melalui proses kontekstualisasi dan fungsionalisasi dari masing-masing kompetensi dasar, sehingga peserta didik memahami makna dari setiap kompetensi yang dipelajari. Pembelajaran pendidikan kesetaraan menggunakan prinsip fl exible learning sesuai dengan karakteristik peserta didik kesetaraan. Penerapan prinsip pembelajaran tersebut menggunakan sistem pembelajaran modular dimana peserta didik memiliki kebebasan dalam penyelesaian tiap modul yang di sajikan. Konsekuensi dari sistem tersebut adalah perlunya disusun modul pembelajaran pendidikan kesetaraan yang memungkinkan peserta didik untuk belajar dan melakukan evaluasi ketuntasan secara mandiri. Tahun 2017 Direktorat Pembinaan Pendidikan Keaksaraan dan Kesetaraan, Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini dan Pendidikan Masyarakat mengembangkan modul pembelajaran pendidikan kesetaraan dengan melibatkan pusat kurikulum dan perbukuan kemdikbud, para akademisi, pamong belajar, guru dan tutor pendidikan kesetaraan. Modul pendidikan kesetaraan disediakan mulai paket A tingkat kompetensi 2 (kelas 4 Paket A). Sedangkan untuk peserta didik Paket A usia sekolah, modul tingkat kompetensi 1 (Paket A setara SD kelas 1-3) menggunakan buku pelajaran Sekolah Dasar kelas 1-3, karena mereka masih memerlukan banyak bimbingan guru/tutor dan belum bisa belajar secara mandiri. Kami mengucapkan terimakasih atas partisipasi dari Pusat Kurikulum dan Perbukuan Kemdikbud, para akademisi, pamong belajar, guru, tutor pendidikan kesetaraan dan semua pihak yang telah berpartisipasi dalam penyusunan modul ini. Jakarta, Desember 2018 Direktur Jenderal Harris Iskandar iii Hidup Hemat

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,ĂůĂŵĂŶϯϯHIDUP HEMAT    ⇔[±[ ⇔[±    ⇔[± ⇔[     ⇔[  ૚૞ ૚૙ ൌ ૚ ૚ ૛ \ ±[ ⇔ \ ±૚ ૚ ૛ ሻ   ⇔ \ ±    ⇔\  -DGLKLPSXQDQSHQ\HOHVDLDQQ\D ^૚ ૚ ૛ ` • 'LVNXVLNDQGHQJDQWHPDQ±WHPDQ$QGDGDULNHWLJDPHWRGHWHUVHEXW DSDNDKDGDPHWRGH\DQJ$QGDDQJJDSSDOLQJPXGDK" • %DJDLPDQDKLPSXQDQSHQ\HOHVDLDQQ\DELODSDGDPHWRGHJUDILNJDULV GDULNHGXDSHUVDPDDQWHUVHEXWVHMDMDU" • %DJDLPDQDKLPSXQDQSHQ\HOHVDLDQQ\DELODSDGDPHWRGHJUDILNJDULV GDULNHGXDSHUVDPDDQWHUVHEXWEHULPSLW" F 0DVDODK\DQJ7HUNDLW63/'9 0DVDODKGDODPNHKLGXSDQVHKDUL±KDUL\DQJWHUNDLWGHQJDQ63/'9FXNXS EDQ\DN \DLWX VHWLDS PDVDODK \DQJ GDSDW PHPEHQWXN GXD SHUVDPDDQ GHQJDQGXDYDULDEHO0LVDOQ\DVHSHUWLNLVDKEHULNXWLQL 6HWLDS KDUL VD\D NH VHNRODK QDLN DQJNXWDQ NRWD VHGDQJNDQ NDNDN NH VHNRODK QDLN EXV NRWD6HWLDS KDUL LEX ELDVDPHPEHULXDQJNHSDGDVD\DGDQ NDNDN XQWXN WUDQVSRUW NH VHNRODK SXODQJSHUJLVHEHVDU5S'DODP VHPLQJJXKDULPDVXNVHNRODKNDNDN NH VHNRODK KDQ\D  KDUL NDUHQD DGD NHJLDWDQ ³:LVDWD -DNDUWD´ 8DQJ WUDQVSRUW NH VHNRODK \DQJGLNHOXDUNDQ LEX GDODP VHPLQJJX WHUVHEXW VHEHVDU 5S 7HQWXNDQ RQJNRV WUDQVSRUW NH VHNRODK \DQJ GLKHPDW LEX VHODPD NDNDN³:LVDWD-DNDUWD´" 3HQ\HOHVDLDQffl 0LVDOffXDQJWUDQVSRUWVD\DSHUKDUL D   XDQJWUDQVSRUWNDNDNSHUKDUL E 63/'9GDULFHULWDWHUVHEXWff DE        DE ffi .DUHQD \DQJ GLWDQ\DNDQ RQJNRV WUDQVSRUW NH VHNRODK \DQJ GLKHPDW LEX VHODPDNDNDN³:LVDWD.H-DNDUWD´PDND\DQJDNDQGLFDULDGDODKQLODL³E´ Ayo Diskusikan 'ĂŵďĂƌϬϬ͗ƵƐ<ŽƚĂĚĂŶŶŐŬŽƚ ^ƵŵďĞƌ͗ŚƚƚƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ŵĞƌĚĞŬĂ͘ĐŽŵͬũĂŬĂƌƚĂ Hidup Hemat 33

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,ĂůĂŵĂŶϯϱHIDUP HEMAT  63/'9\DQJWHUMDGLGLWRNR³/DULV´ 0LVDOKDUJDEXNX FGDQKDUJDEROSRLQ G  FG   FG  'HQJDQPHWRGHHOLPLQDVLPDNDff FG    FG  ± F  ⇔F   FG  ⇔ G  ⇔G  -DGLGLWRNR³/DULV´KDUJDEXNX F 5SGDQ KDUJDEROSRLQ G 5S .HVLPSXODQKDUJD\DQJOHELKPXUDKff ƒ KDUJDEXNX\DQJOHELKPXUDKGLWRNR³/DULV´\DLWX5S ƒ KDUJDEROSRLQ\DQJOHELKPXUDKGLWRNR³0XUDK´\DLWX5S 6HODPDVHPHVWHU%XGLPHPHUOXNDQEXNXGDQEROSRLQ -DGLGLSHUOXNDQXDQJ [5S[5S     5Sfl5S     5Sffi 3HUKDWLNDQ DOWHUQDWLYH SHQ\HOHVDLDQ 0DVDODK F WHUVHEXW +DUXVNDK GLVHOHVDLNDQGHQJDQPHWRGHVXEVWLWXVLGDQHOLPLQDVL"0XQJNLQNDKGHQJDQ PHWRGHODLQDWDXKDQ\DPHQJJXQDNDQVHEXDKPHWRGHVDMD" 3HQXJDVDQ 3DGDNHJLDWDQ8QLW³63/'9´PHOLSXWLEHEHUDSDNDMLDQPDWHUL\DLWXffl D 7XMXDQ 3DGDSHPEHODMDUDQLQLPHPLOLNLWXMXDQSHQXJDVDQDJDUSHVHUWDGLGLNff • PHPDKDPLSHQJHUWLDQ63/'9 • WHUDPSLOPHQ\HOHVDLNDQ63/'9GDQ • WHUDPSLOPHQ\HOHVDLNDQPDVDODKWHUNDLW63/'9 E 0HGLD$ODW%DKDQGDQ6XPEHU%HODMDU/DLQQ\D $ODWGDQ%DKDQ\DQJGLJXQDNDQDODWWXOLVEXNXEHUSHWDNGDQEXNXWXJDV F /DQJNDK/DQJNDK.HJLDWDQ7XMXDQSHPEHODMDUDQSHVHUWDGLGLNGDSDWffl Ayo Diskusikan Hidup Hemat 35

,ĂůĂŵĂŶϯϲHIDUP HEMAT  .HJLDWDQ 3HPEHODMDUDQ  SHQJHUWLDQ 63/'9 FDUD PHQ\HOHVDLNDQ 63/'9GDQSHQ\HOHVDLDQPDVDODKWHUNDLW63/'9 .HJLDWDQ3HPEHODMDUDQDffl3HQJHUWLDQ63/'9 %XDWODK VHEXDK FHULWD GDODP NHKLGXSDQ VHKDULKDUL VHGHPLNLDQ KLQJJD FHULWD WHUVHEXW ELOD GLQ\DWDNDQ GDODP PRGHO PDWHPDWLND DNDQ PHQMDGL ³6LVWHP3HUVDPDDQ/LQHDU'HQJDQ'XD9DULDEHO´ .HJLDWDQ3HPEHODMDUDQEffl&DUDPHQ\HOHVDLNDQ63/'9  3HUKDWLNDQ63/'9EHULNXW 6HOHVDLNDQGHQJDQPHWRGHHOLPLQDVL  3HUKDWLNDQ63/'9EHULNXW 6HOHVDLNDQGHQJDQPHWRGHVXEVWLWXVL  3HUKDWLNDQ63/'9EHULNXW 6HOHVDLNDQGHQJDQPHWRGHJUDILN  .HJLDWDQ3HPEHODMDUDQFffl3HQ\HOHVDLDQPDVDODKWHUNDLW63/'9 $QQDPHPEHOL  NJ GXNX GDQ  NJ VDODN VHKDUJD 5S VHGDQJNDQ %XGLPHPEHOLNJGXNXGDQNJVDODN\DQJVDPDVHKDUJD5S D 1\DWDNDQFHULWDGLDWDVGDODP63/'9 E 7HQWXNDQKDUJDSHUNJEXDKWHUVHEXWGHQJDQVHNXUDQJ±NXUDQJQ\D FDUDPHWRGHJUDILNHOLPLQDVLDWDXVXEVWLWXVL 6RDO/DWLKDQ7XJDV  1\DWDNDQFHULWDEHULNXWGDODP63/'9 D 8DQJVDNXNDNDN5SOHELKEDQ\DNGDULXDQJVDNXDGLNWLDS KDULGDQ 6HODPDKDULLEXKDUXVPHQ\LDSNDQXDQJ5SXQWXNXDQJ VDNXNDNDNGDQDGLN E 8DQJ EHODQMD ,EX XQWXN PDNDQ WLDS EXODQQ\D VHEHVDU VHWHQJDK GDULJDMLD\DKGDQ .HJLDWDQD .HJLDWDQF [±\  [\  [±\  [\  [±\  [\ ± .HJLDWDQE 36 MatemaƟ ka Paket B Setara SMP/MTs Kelas VIII Modul Tema 7

,ĂůĂŵĂŶϯϳHIDUP HEMAT  %LOD XDQJ EHODQMD LEX GLWDPEDK 5S VDPD GHQJDQWLJD SHUHPSDWJDMLD\DK F +DUJDWLDSNLORJUDPGDJLQJVDSLLPSRU5SOHELKPXUDKGDUL VDSLORNDOGDQ +DUJD  NLODJUDP GDJLQJ VDSL LPSRU VDPD GHQJDQ KDUJD  NLORJUDPGDJLQJVDSLORNDO  3HUKDWLNDQ63/'9EHULNXW 6HOHVDLNDQ 63/'9 WHUVHEXW GHQJDQ  FDUD PHWRGH HOLPLQDVL PHWRGH VXEVWLWXVLGDQPHWRGHJUDILN  6HOHVDLNDQ 63/'9 EHULNXW VHNXUDQJ ± NXUDQJQ\D GHQJDQ  FDUD PHWRGHHOLPLQDVLPHWRGHVXEVWLWXVLDWDXPHWRGHJUDILN  3DUGL PHPEHOL  NHPHMD GDQ  FHODQD SHQGHN VHKDUJD 5Sffi VHGDQJNDQ %DPEDQJ PHPEHOL  NHPHMD GDQ  FHODQD SHQGHN VHSHUWL \DQJ GLEHOL 3DUGL SDGD WRNR \DQJ VDPD VHKDUJD 5S %HUDSD VHOLVLKKDUJDNHPHMDGDQFHODQDSHQGHNSHUSRWRQJQ\D"  7HQWXNDQ QLODL ³S´ GDQ ³T´ VHKLQJJD VLVWHP SHUVDPDDQ OLQHDU GXD YDULDEHOEHULNXWSHQ\HOHVDLDQQ\D  .HOLOLQJ VHEXDK ODSDQJDQ VHSDN EROD DGDODK  PHWHU VHGDQJNDQ VHOLVLK SDQMDQJ GDQ OHEDU ODSDQJDQ PHWHU 7HQWXNDQ OXDV ODSDQJDQ VHSDNERODWHUVHEXW  'DODP UDQJND PHQJKHPDW SHQJHOXDUDQ VDDW ,EX DNDQ PHPEHOL D\DP GDQ LWLN PHQJDPDWL SHPEHOLDQ GL GXD RUDQJ SHGDJDQJ \DLWX 3DN 8GLQ GDQ 3DN 0DPDQ +DVLO SHQJDPDWDQ GL WHPSDW 3DN 8GLQ  %X $QL PHPEHOLVHHNRUD\DPGDQHNRULWLNVHKDUJD5SffiVHGDQJNDQ%X %HQLPHPEHOLHNRUD\DPGDQVHHNRULWLNKDUXVPHPED\DU5Sffi +DVLO SHQJDPDWDQ GL WHPSDW 3DN 0DPDQ %X 1XQLN PHPEHOL  HNRU D\DPGDQVHHNRULWLNVHKDUJD5SVHGDQJNDQ%X'LQDUPHPEHOL VHHNRU D\DP GDQ  HNRU LWLN KDUXVPHPED\DU5S+DUJDSHU HNRU LWLN PDXSXQ D\DP \DQJ  GLEHOL WHPDQ ± WHPDQ  LEX GL PDVLQJ ± PDVLQJ NHGXD SHGDJDQJ WHUVHEXW DGDODK  VDPD ,EX LQJLQ PHPEHOL  HNRUD\DPGDQHNRULWLNEHUDSDXDQJ\DQJGLSHUOXNDQXQWXNPHPEHOL NHSHUOXDQWHUVHEXWVHKHPDW±KHPDWQ\D" fl %DSDN%XGLPHPLOLNL KDODPDQ UXPDK VHOXDV P EHUKXEXQJ UXPDK 3DN %XGL EHUGHNDWDQ GHQJDQ SDVDU PDND GLPDQIDDWNDQ XQWXN SDUNLU XPXP 3DGD VXDWX KDUL WHUGDSDW  NHQGDUDDQ \DQJ WHUGLUL PRELO GDQ PRWRU$UHD\DQJGLEXWXKNDQXQWXNSDUNLUPRELOPVHGDQJNDQXQWXN PRWRU  P %LOD XDQJ SDUNLU PRELO 5S GDQ PRWRU 5S [±\ fl [\  [±\  [\  S[T\  S[\ ± Hidup Hemat 37

,ĂůĂŵĂŶϯϴHIDUP HEMAT  Modul 2 EHUDSDVHEDQ\DN±EDQ\DNQ\DXDQJ\DQJGLWHULPD3DN%XGLGDULWHPSDW SDUNLUWHUVHEXW" E. Rangkuman ƒ *DPEDU*UDILN)XQJVLGDODP%LGDQJ.DUWHVLXV *DPEDUIXQJVL\ffl[→[GDODPELGDQJNDUWHVLXV .LWDEXDWWDEHOGHQJDQGDHUDKDVDO^±±±` [ Domain ± ± ±     [ ± ± ±             \ I[ range ±                :                 %LODDQJJRWDGDHUDKDVDOEHUXSDELODQJDQEXODWVHSHUWLSDGDWDEHOPDND JDPEDUIXQJVLWHUVHEXWEHUXSDWLWLN±WLWLN ELUXELODGLQ\DWDNDQVHEDJDL KLPSXQDQGLWXOLV^[\|\ [[\∈%`1DPXQELODGDHUDKDVDOELODQJDQ UHDOVHKLQJJDGRPDLQ^[|±”[”[∈5`PDNDJDPEDUQ\DEHUXSD JDULVFRNODWDWDXGDSDWGLWXOLV^[\|\ [[\∈5` ƒ 3HQJHUWLDQSHUVDPDDQJDULVOXUXV %LOD VHEXDK IXQJVL I GLJDPEDU GDODP ELGDQJ NDUWHVLXV GHQJDQ \  I[ EHUXSD JDULV OXUXVPDND UXPXVIXQJVLWHUVHEXWPHUXSDNDQ SHUVDPDDQ JDULVOXUXV 3HQXOLVDQSHUVDPDDQJDULVOXUXVDGDPRGHO\DLWXff                       [ \ I[  • • • • • • • A B 38 MatemaƟ ka Paket B Setara SMP/MTs Kelas VIII Modul Tema 7

,ĂůĂŵĂŶϯϵHIDUP HEMAT  9 SHUVDPDDQJDULV\DQJGLQ\DWDNDQVHFDUDexplisit\ P[F 9 SHUVDPDDQJDULV\DQJGLQ\DWDNDQVHFDUDimplisit\DLWXD[E\F  3HUVDPDDQJDULV\ P[F &RQWRKff *DPEDUODKSDGDELGDQJNRRUGLQDWNDUWHVLXV\ ଵ ଶ [ 7DEHOXQWXNJDULV\ ଵ ଶ [ [ domain ± ± ±     ଵ ଶ [ ± ± ±             \ I[ range                 :                  3HUVDPDDQJDULVD[E\F  3HUKDWLNDQJDPEDUGLDWDVJDULV\ ଵ ଶ [SDGDNHGXDJDULVLWXPDVLQJ ±PDVLQJPHPLOLNLWLWLNLVWLPHZD\DLWXWLWLN$GDQ%SDGDJDULV\ [ 3 GDQ 4  SDGD JDULV \  ଵ ଶ   [   .HLVWLPHZDDQ WLWLN WHUVHEXW DGDODK PDVLQJ±PDVLQJWLWLNEHUDGDGLVXPEXNRRUGLQDW • 6HWLDSWLWLN[\SDGDVXPEX<PDND[ GDQVHWLDSWLWLN[\ SDGDVXPEX;PDND\  • 0HODOXLGXDWLWLNWHUWHQWXKDQ\DGDSDWGLEXDWVHEXDKJDULVOXUXV &RQWRK *DPEDUODKJDULVGHQJDQSHUVDPDDQ[\  7LWLNSRWRQJGHQJDQVXPEX;PDND\                        [ \ I[  • • • • • • • P Q Hidup Hemat 39

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,ĂůĂŵĂŶϰϬHIDUP HEMAT  ૚ିܡ ⇔ ି૜ି૚ ൌ ܠିሺି૛ሻ ିૠିሺି૛ሻ⇔ ܡ૚ି ି૜ି૚ ൌ ܠା૛ ିૠା૛ ⇔ ૚ିܡ ି૝ ൌ ܠା૛ ି૞ ⇔ ૚ିܡ ૝ ൌ ܠା૞ ૞ ⇔\± [ ⇔\± [fl ⇔[±\  ƒ *UDGLHQJDULVVHMDMDU %LODJDULVJVHMDMDUGHQJDQJDULVOPDNDJUDGLHQNHGXDJDULVWHUVHEXWVDPD DWDXJDULVglPDNDPg Pl ƒ *UDGLHQJDULVWHJDNOXUXV 'XDJDULV VDOLQJWHJDNOXUXVPDNDKDVLOSHUNDOLDQ JUDGLHQQ\DDGDODK ± +DOWHUVHEXWGDSDWGLWXOLVff%LODJDULVg ⊥ l,PDNDPgPl ± 63/'9 ƒ 3HUVDPDDQOLQHDU 3HUVDPDDQOLQHDUVDWXYDULDEHOOLQHDUGLVLQLDUWLQ\DSDQJNDWWHUWLQJJLGDUL YDULDEHOQ\DDGDODKVDWXGDQKDQ\DWHUGDSDWVDWXYDULDEHO &RQWRKff D YDULDEHOQ\D³D´GDQ³DSDQJNDW´   ±[ [YDULDEHOQ\D³[´GDQ³[SDQJNDW´ %XNDQFRQWRKffl D NDUHQDYDULDEHO³D´SDQJNDWGXD    D±E NDUHQDDGDYDULDEHO\DLWX³D´GDQ³E´ 3HUVDPDDQ OLQHDU GXD YDULDEHO \DLWX VHEXDK SHUVDPDDQ \DQJ PHPLOLNL GXDYDULDEHO\DQJPDVLQJ±PDVLQJEHUSDQJNDWVDWX &RQWRKffl[\ YDULDEHOffl³[´GDQ³\´PDVLQJ±PDVLQJSDQJNDW   D±E YDULDEHOffl³D´GDQ³E´PDVLQJ±PDVLQJSDQJNDW %XNDQFRQWRKffl [\ NDUHQDYDULDEHO³[´SDQJNDWGXD    D±EF ffiNDUHQDDGDYDULDEHO\DLWXDEGDQF ƒ 3HQJHUWLDQ6LVWHP3HUVDPDDQ/LQHDU'XD9DULDEHO %LODWHUGDSDWGXDSHUVDPDDQOLQHDUGXDYDULDEHOGLPDQDSHUVDPDDQ\DQJ VDWXWHUNDLWGHQJDQSHUVDPDDQ\DQJODLQ0DNDDNDQWHUEHQWXNVLVWHP SHUVDPDDQOLQHDUGXDYDULDEHO DE  D±E  ƒ 3HQ\HOHVDLDQ6LVWHP3HUVDPDDQ/LQHDU'XD9DULDEHO 9 0HWRGH HOLPLQDVL \DLWX GHQJDQ FDUD PHQJHOLPLQLU DWDX ³PHQJKLODQJNDQ´VDODKVDWXYDULDEHO 7HQWXNDQSHQ\HOHVDLDQQ\DGHQJDQPHWRGHHOLPLQDVL [\  \ [± [\  ⇔[\ GLNDOL [\  \ [± ⇔±[\ ±GLNDOL ±[\ ±        ±NXUDQJNDQ       [          ⇔[  \ [±⇔\ ± ± ⇔\  -DGLKLPSXQDQSHQ\HOHVDLDQQ\D ^` Hidup Hemat 41

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